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NOV 8 I,

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^hat

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BocialBt w:l1eBprog1""IIBinto un1tB .1nthed"mlJntllrl achoola.'Th~

-~:~ ^t 'C~/p~v1-da" iael~s1V'"ne881

_'. '

' ,. ... tl~~b1~tl<n~:':

^{' .' .,,,. ,}

B~a~':o't'~PPli~'a~'~,~

^{",..:' '.':-:-}

tar'

'~~ti. ·t~a"c~'arB. aD~

':at ude'ilt "'"

,.fbe' ~-h~i1C1ty:' ot:.the

,lUl1 t ..'at hod

.m:~~~

" ~~O~~t~~>:·~~r~~.iD~ ' i.~'~,~Ii.~t1,~.~·~oj<fb

^•.

~,C;:~~~<~.~'~.' ;i1~}.~v~.:.:

' -" :i·~r:~·': '·':·._ .; . ·

o .

.J.ltllo~ththe Beotlineiulnr~:the',~t1ves·.hC"m:et'th~!uropeua^.

. ::·,:.:::t:o~::r:::~:::;::~~.;:::::~·::::.:::.·::v;:: . . .

:~d~; ,to' 'd~~i'~e . , "~~S1:D ~rjthe·;ie~t~l;i~. 'b~t'~~~-'i~'p~ ,:i~i~i '~" In~),

~~~':~t.h~,.;:,~~.i·~~10~·.:ot:.~:1~.' ~ai :ortS1,,',~e:! a~~~<~~,:: t~~ ,'d,~'< '.-"~~~ '

.t o ~a,y W1t~ e~llh.lIl.agrelI.t.r1.~~tOUl'~.po8al•••:e ~~~'ho peto.::'

,.,' ..':

. . ,"'- '

"',:...

' ,:":' .

".".:

, . , ;"..

,",.'.,.:;:;

': ':

',:,.:"

·.e bo llt,t r,1endl;rl"8lat10Jl~ '.beh"Dth.,.h1h•.•~U.r•.lUl~,th.,~.oth1lcU•.

. _{~~' ~,:~';e~p} '~~~~dl">~ :;,,~,~ _e.8p8~:., O( ~·hIl1;:IIla!nt~r~,-':.o~.~t~~II;~d. '.

ie..~e~ .. ^{, be} be'l1~V~d: t'~.'Ile~tb~,Ck'~, ~!h~ "~;,.· d~rl.,,j~~ "'t~'1r ~,rl:'ai.ti .. . .

~

~'V1~l~ - ?_,':U~~,:

\ '

t~e t~~e~e_~

^{.. .}

e~n

^.

.C~llt ~rllon~

^'

~~_~ei?_~~~.l

^{. .}

p~~~:~~.

~'btt~_,;t.~: lJOl'?C:~th~. ~o~l~_.~_::to .q~.~t~o~II.,:O!-,t~': :~:m:. ~~bo1l7: , ;'

'll11t 1v . 'rl gllts be reuptletlldi t-t lll t 1U. , nt",of'tre a t,._tem em"D8h1lher

>

.~~-q,l_~'$'~i ~~n~r ~·: i~~: th.· n~t1~i':_" " :\~~. '~.~.~'~~r "~!~~7,t~:~~C1~,~':_:" ^..

:'('l;14)\tblltlItu dllllh"sholllll

t1nd1~

^...

"y , to~late llet~U~~'1~' ,

^.

" . ·~·OC~~l:\~tudi.~,-~o '~:8~1l.lf. ·~~ :_~~:O:1~~: -'~~it' ~~~l:'·1~~~~~...

^{-. ':-.}

~,u~:··::·.::,:::.":::'.::.b::t:::::·:·,:::::,:~~·.

:~•.et~...·.f~~:t8:n:~ _~,.i1V!t~,t o1I,~1I4"Jlte_~.?~_It$<l,_.tb. d:V'lo~r,.~~~88 -.-.,..ltllBa.'~PIl^{(H I?4)}~bat'

racta

llrell~~d~dtolltudybothvaluf18'~d:"

i ,' _~:-. ~~~.-~.~.I\:~.~~,·:~: ,~~iP·'.~~~deAta:.·~~~.~~~~~~'·~.h~,~~tt,~c'~ ~~~c',~i.e

^".

"'.'(If'~V!i'ntll'\','l'he,f'actllare\loed to',develop,cOJlc.Ptll~nd. ,llo~a~val1clld

,.• :. h i nk1I1SPl'OCelIlI elI; ·'.

t, .

~. \ .

~,:. :

'.1 4

.Th~"total'~umber,ottil,:B4:ot~UCkll h"~·b8e~'~~t1I1it~d,._~

'rll.Ilg1ilg

~~o.~.~ ~:;ooo.' .i.:'t~~~r,p.~: t,o, .~. :~e~·, ',~:~~'~,~~ ~~~~'~:'.::"~ ; p~,; Ro.~~l" , ^,,''

:.

~~

^1,

Ilf(5)'~ ,q.~~~n~. ~~., ,th~)~~~:,~<s~r ~O~~'Ba~:. ~~F~.~._~ ^.. ~:~ev~7~.:':·~:' ·

':~bat"tbe&.o t hnckll.Il~berlld.tlll~r-tb.an500:'John'~"-'ltt_(171l?-~'·"

) . , . . . . , ' ''' ' > , .

·rilo.. ar ld' llg otl th Red'l:ncl1allll'. , ,'....,,. ' 'of

...

ll'e.toutldlalid,^...-ellt b at e dtb'l1,r^{,, ',"}Il.UlIlbtln·,^'::

.: ~:~ , ~~".J. .E~;t~~'g~9i',:~aid ih.t:~.e alltbo~ 'ea~t~'d 't~~<

~:tal"~t ~~~ti~ 'bU~' ' t h a t

,A8••8

:'d~'II~ttlll' 1~\he:~ot~~~~': ~~'r

.'

~~~~~~'ed·.20~~";" '~''-' ~~. --~~~~ \' , 82~)'--~~o~~' ~11 ~h~~~'~i ..

• ~;O';; .. ;t!;;':'b~;' ;;"'d"'/Ib: ;~;"'i~"; ,to. Bl"~ " · ···.·.fl

"" ';:'.

.~

.. .

':,--"

"eallle

.ate~a)'e

in

·Win't.e~

but't r avelled overthe tce,

They: \l,~~ lIJ10~. , ~

• < -,:", " . • ._" , . .. '.

lIh:.e .~doe al~ IIki Ddod",.;lohgave.'th emreasoDabletree. ll8:" llaSll over _

th~ eltO~

aDd..1'''' .• ,

,'~he,

ao'o,t hUCk"cOlil d'trav elQU1CkqeDough lD

-.1Iite~

"

" . '

. '

'," .

(.l!~73) "the Beottlucks Uve Q 1n 8lllaU'groupe , usually er'relllted iq1it~8.:.

.

^{" ',. '}

----:--

bllteaob~~.oupbad.OlO".Il'knQ"ledse»t,.bll~'tbeo.the~ ~roups.•~re.01 01 D5•.;...:----:-

:~.he :O~h~~k': .. hll~I1~ ,r~a\c.b1er h~t

^•

~;,~_~ho~.~::.a .l.e~a-~~~-~,d

Dot have ahaolute authorit y ; :~Il_leao1 er,.asdistinguished b1clothee.

;

11k~

giove.i',bat"';'dby

'-C~~;~ -OOdeD

embl eme oU,tald ehi'B,

1r.l.p~.

:" ,'" . ,~----~~:;;; hJ.~

relate / to

~rm~'(l822) ;~~t ,tb~·.~ribe

^had..lltr1ci

T . . ..

^oralcode

^abo~t

^adultery,...uch ..a:'

pIUl1eh~d

^bY'buriDg lit tileetake . . .-, . -rltllu"'dbi 'tbe

~et

^or'be

t~1be;"-

^{'1'hei r}

ma~~'llgU ~ere

celeb:rat1 oDe

,~. --_._.~. .~._._"-'_:. ~-'."':"-.-

au1md aidns sewn

-to gether

'II'1tb'an'holes~d^IIlI~CIr.^hole.

," . . ' '. . . : ' , ·- r , ·

I .wae'Jlul~edovert,hehea d and.l!IhQIl1~ erllandtied"atthe waiel . _In .

i ' ~ ';.."" ".· ...

thuek• •'dO' old.

"ot~ \

^'"

,.g~ ... !).. .... ,,: . ^';od.

.The1ba1d~'0 (. tbe.c.lo,t hi ngwall l1nedrUh80 ft

'. ''T

,and thle ll!!ord e d

rl greatP~te ctlon ~a:alnat har8h .elltbe;:; ' _ '

^{' .}

, The&othu.ck ehad uni llll.•.,.etn o !tral;llilpor t a tl on•

• £}

<:91' )deecrlbeahoethee;0tltllCklusedh'C!type callose for auner travels. The l1ghter bi r ch writ 8e llndthe beaviar canOllll lad_

~ ^J'OIII (larlbOU ~' ;.1I0U r915"d~tltet lQII.ti

~

.

II~al f1Il00nup.."rd ~onaach.~d. Theall 8,re usa'!l.for hunting

: aro und tilcoas t.andfor.tl'ane~rt1l1gbe.vylIu.nt1~1e8 ~f,food.

TheBecithu~k:l.lI.D.gu~ke.Gee~8tohll\(e beanrelat ed tothe llgOnk1I1.

Th ei l'art

~onsiste~

»t

~al'Yill5a

on.a-,:ull'taand.sUngotdolla f;o-,:e ot-which1rel;'et o llll'd in tilegraves otehild r e n. It1.1>prob..blyeat a not to 'at e amp t AIIJ"1.nt repn ta'tiollotthaBeotbuck I;'eUgion . iCl.ever.

·B."¥tb,.'(1Jlni

aceoQ~te

^{.th a tthe}

Beotbll~~,

^bvUevedill

""o~.

^9Ort:ot

lIupertor-boi1ng_"hote.l.kwd to 'tJ.iea· i n v01e,,8.,The )'al""beU.ved1n

·

~' ''bog~;YII~~

^{orde vil.. r'be;'aleCl}

8~~

^{abou t}

~;~8

^alld,.

~V:i1

^•.

J.P.Hoda,.(l'il(:i)

giv.s CClnlfi.d'~;'bb , 1.~~n.atlOll-

^about,the

d:l';' elu,e

r~lIed1.ee

^ot

^the ;&otbu~~e 8hO"111~

^{a'e kt}

n~llS th",~ ~lant.

u'8~d fO~- trea~iJlg 1Iar1.oue·-~~.~~e

^'"tidbowthe

preparat~on. we" .

Archaeologicalstud.1.81!1 such aa tho aeOf BlllellDevllrou:z (1970)are

·81gD1t1cant1.0.:pro v1 d1.Il" lIlforu.tioll..bouttheBelttbue~cul ture. Don

"","rac t'sLocke

.

and' d"ta1l_e¥:>llt('1''il7''),bas

hUndr9~~'

tho^CItBe'othllck^.'_r U ta e ts^-' cul.t\u'e.whi ch.ell.D.Dr.",,",...IIsedaeeTucktogive(1970)1II0re·

l

^I

h~~, '~~~trt-b'llted

^{allch to tb} llo dere t :u' d1.n&»tthe

Be~th~Ck cu~t~

^•.

Th'".•rit1nga~ot El.aer Harp (11152)regarding theilI'chaeCll~s1cal..vidence

- ,.

.

..

.-' , .

..

, " " ,' , "

otth~Be,othIlOka_~"var7~part-al:ittoIUJ;Jet udJr; bou t~he:~~,~IlCk.•• Probabl~t-,",~.~~olltrov~ra1al.-.reecOll~erm.:ll8theBe0t,hllcka1.

th atorcontact'~drel.o.U·obab.1plI1thEurope... F. J.'arran (958)

:'J~te .~~d

, "

~eeoun,t'

^{. :}JCl hn,O'; ; . att••pt.

~~ tri!,,1I-~:c';n't.ct'lI1th

the·Be~t.huck•• Ib 1612Guytr-a de d,trit b tbeBeothu~k..111Trh1t,.Bq

"..". .". , ': <tl , _ " . "

aD~an an gedto returnthdrl).~.lO-.:1DS.ie~. Bo.ever,_theDe.ztyear 'Ga;--:.a.l.ata~Dd~^stra..Jls"r eaj,bd illto'tha,b0..7. The Beoth ucke,: th1 ll1dn g'it

.e~

^oU;.....

·~~

^{to•• at·th'aab1p but'the}

,:~b.1p'

^..,

~aPt..u:D

t~oilght t~

^e.

I~d1.a.o

^{• •;ant}

~o et~ac~_d.

^tif'8d.OD

tb~ &1'0"" Id.~DS-

^-

8e1fer~ ~t^{the... .}:~:r: ~Ot.hUcka.·ar""bati~ad^{'t o}h.:~'~t~~D^{thb,•• •}

~ $ ,

'.,

.. ..

"

signbetreachery andfrie ndl,.<:Qu t ao;:t n ththe"lat er..asd.1tUeul t

1C Zlot 1mpoa c1 ble.

. .

Th"r<:!lII~Pthaytibeen1I11D,Y cODtactabetw een the Beotllueke and

t1a h oMlenello v1.sitedtbe .ba)'11 andco:ea. Ka!lJ'tonalat tlllllptswere

"8de to conta "t tbeBuothIlCkll.:I.I1cl~d1!l8.thlie:f ~o: t.l!lotGove rnor ,Duckwort h:1.11tho1800's,-~Bnle~.,HI!~)~L1.8u tenantBiloh9.D,(181 1)And

II.'I:.Cor nck(l8 22 ) . Relll\.10Dewith-tilet1ebenenarede ecrlblldby • bot hDo.wier(!gl ~)^'IIndW•.rrell·'O,;5si.

The r'l'co rda .ottheColo ll1. l&leNt_"""pl"tlt,f;en"t:L.Y':I.n,tho.N".COUDdJ.llIld ucldve""have"lleb~e_ta.11 rel.till.g,to the PrO~.lb"t10D" l""U~d.~'

the I

·VIlr:!.OUIIIfe.. l"o un dlll ndgOVenlora

."d

^{triedtoeeta bUeh},Pflllc e!ulreJ,.a;:!.oD8 witch.tllelIeothuclta., lD 1106 GovernorBUlbPalU sllr'sattllllpt llDdthe proc J,au:t10ll o,t 11e Slfi"".l lfis th"pro elMOlfiUoDof GoverJ>OrKeats in,

.

.

byHowle y

",s"')

^01KllrJ'~eh•.J'OlUl l ugnfi t ;.1'01llJ~• •AdShan."d1:th1t•.

.

.

Allol,~.·."Bootbu eu ~ere,e.ptllredend lJ.ved. .ong·the'whi t e'.ettl ere 111vartOI18ca"';"'UJlit1ea , Th~y^Beamed.toadju,,~^{la1.rly. .U.} Ilo..iver , 'o nlJ"Shana.d1tbJ.twlilII' l2.v....tbaop po;rtUllit;-

,bY .U.llq

EppsCorll\B.ok'

torel4lt.d.ta1le01·th a Beoth"clr. eult1lrto.

n. ,,(, ee

U . . . . <0, . . .

"u....

^10,

v .Qe •• ~ ..."' ''''..." ,.

itaeU. Ma ..,.d.U'~eonntth.,ort...,hl!llVfib~..t1,Pr.8"~.d.·Oil.t,ha,q,.u••

:r "

witb.. Yllr 1etY"01ertd~oetonpportthea . I~{. tbeoP1D1 oll.oof~~~

aut h o r thetUl.lii....

~"

^ol..",UiloUODrill. re.aiD..

. eontrove~81 - .

^{. "to r;}

.

...0••U••, a.1Dd.1c~tlld.·~^thewrl. UZI, "of.~,Z1^(ISl5ljl>•.1i1ter (197:1),

~dRo...(lll77>.~

:

..

rOleUltbe&DJI.1JtUe.UOD 01theBe'o t hllcb .

i'0 . '

Bstthl'lI boanded, pU fle cu ted lln d Idlledthell until tlley...re....llt ltll".•

,8ecl41. "·t hat th" Uabena.el1..erell1Ieplclou" or tbe Indians.'~.I1d.h"l1 tbeir~odll .el'e"tolell~,tb"'IlId18l1"s,'th." hl1llted aQdJdlled"sl!llI11 a"th,,".coul d. "'lnte r(1975)..rote tha t tb e·..h1h "e ttlerll..erebl'lltal

"', " ', '~, ' "• "" ~"o . .:."

alld barb"r1c ln"th,; treatmeatoftheBeothucksll.Ddllll:t ~¥llllted'the••

liecl41lls~he ilh1t;~"~en"hot~~d1dlloid'In'di ans tor,r~:

: ", ''l' h; i

even

" , ",,," ""','", ,"' "'.. '.,'~..'--oJ:,.:0'.""',: '- .- Beo t hllclt'wcllenworeldll ed: .ben the,.'ellcollilt erodt he'h.1t e,huIIUn . ,' , " \ .'" , , " , ' , ,', " , ,'

,

.'F."/JlO.·e { 1lt771·o'~li~~e~'^{that the}B..~t1iIiCks"cU_P~~d'"lrOz ..

~o~~:~a'tioD or b~e'~11~y:;:"~l8~"'~~" ~t~~~.ii~' .nd'''~~

^..

~~a

iii"i r"

quel!l Uo~andIlpecu1.atton.

. " , '.- , ' " " "

:

....,:'-',:"", "",

BUc:1l.is'Con"clt,( 18 28 )._deeU o n"ta e llt ah l1 a hPs..certl1~relaUoll.ah1p8;

"tll:rv. t10 l:i..

Olle

c-~~ot b~lp

^__butaSktbeqll....

t1~11

^how..

ci~~4 :~b.e

^{Beot bu eke}be tt';!" t.d,-110. bad'

th~~ : .urv1V~d,.__

^••

n.

their',,".

c~ltll~·'"~h~i ';0~4 ,D.ot

^.

chaug e,to,a dapt,~O^th'i.h1.~~

ll8.JI..'e•.."

1I.Dd..th~"t~re1I<I!.;e':'dO~'.Q18d'^to. 1'hal'~....Til..t~.;1t1e l!l011both "14e"•. J~blll'eytoll ,"l oP,exBJllple,

"otlghtouta.iJ'dkiUel!~ot~UCk$^{tor,reveng ....}teet"'h,,~ggood " "t?iell, ap paren tlyb,.'tbeSeot bucks(80"'1",. , 19I5). Q,ntbeot herhn dilld1V111u ele,

.'

--.' -- , ,,' ,; ,' .

. .

Ifo'

d~~ht

^{the.ll1 h} Illall.' ''

41Ha~" e

^{killed1l1ll'Q'.}

Be~t.h~*~.ana

^.....fc>Od

"'.#

." , ."' , (.~.

. .'-, , :", " .:,..:, ','

Becau ••th.u.n1 t 1nt8 nd!.dfor soclal'atu 41 e e~dllcati onUI

'. '

" . ',: .' '-' ".."

".'-" ,

,

...

Gra d.F1Y~,thedev . lope :r.·uaed,the,aoc l aleci lll'nc•• ae.t.helJ()uro::.of.

·. ~:'~~:' :::;·:·ti:·:~:;~: : :: :::~.::.::~:J~::~::r-"

b..1~.t,0!'7~^:,!~~,~~~ ~t.^th•.·~oth~ck.:^andt~n.i',~l.ilt1.01l8h)P.,:r.t~~~~~1:r',^.

.' ~JI~rO~;lIt·; ..itlr -;;a~~ ~~h~~. ·~d· .1~h '~Ii.: "h1~.:,~~~ requi~d':tb.~ .:

r•

·~~J.Io~tiOIl _~~.

^th•••

die~l~D~~~ ; '

"..'" :,.: , " .,.. " " ,;,.:"1' " :'-'," ,' :.'," .:;."-.::';

...,-;:,.l~h,t.h. d.cle1oll .~de c oli certl1D.ll th•.•ov. ~obJec t i v . ·or:th.

u~ti>b~'.Il.~t·:,.t~p.:~

^{,t he:}

H~~~lC.t~~~·"ot tie::~I11:~,~'d~d '~~ ^{: :.}

··t::t.:':~: .. :h~jt:7~.~£:~:~t ;o:::;::~ .::"r~ · .

.'."'- .

" '. '

^{. .}: ":".

' ,'.

"".',,,' ',' .",'

th.:iitll dentepre n:pectedt'tatta1D.'Th. 1.ae t ru c tlonal pltu; of't.,he r : , " , ,";

QD1t...,~~fOrlllUJ.ai.dfr<tllltheta c t ual'kii,o;'h q.:~d attH~d~a OO~a1'~.~·

. ~~.:~n~~hc't~~~~': , ;;il1t ~ . , :T~e '·d.';elOp,.;~t: ~f' ,';h'~,.~~.<

,.,inci~d.d·u Pec t.---of~\Irr~clliullideveloPlllltnt, 'LlUlti'ilotl0DU..iev~iopa~llt.;'.

·· j2i:~·:t:::·:'::.:·::~::·::,::::::; u%:::::;,:.t2 .•. . . . . . .. . .

....

o~t~~ee

^{(II.O· e)}

~~Ch 11l;lU~~d " tb., .It!l~~iedS~ 1n~'~~; at~~tll~~

^that'':

".'~..

)

.' .<,','" .

,~,.: '

" ';...,,: :' , ...:"":." ':"" .,,'

^{:0"':' ,," ' ,.:',-}

·.'the _ _/l18,or.~t'1'. ~ ,·hard ah1pe .,Th.·~tl1,d.llt~houldbeiliad.,aware.01, ,,'<' ", '" ','."~,,,^{""' ''' '," "","" . ' " " ',,',,.,'}

th.,t.et,t~ ~~,~b.eexp).anat 101l 01.,t~~dJ.aappe aru e.ol,t~.~o thlleka'!e.

''-'. ; . ~<::~>~

r

Generllllrtbetlltendedbaru1ng'~\\t~o....•

e "

^{edechd'oD,lbe.}

.'1I.I18W1pU OD:thatmodera..

"~\I~.llt

^{•. •}

bO~~

^beec••

III~~ a~~, '~t~ th.;

iaer:t:t.lle~ ;:rh~ Beoth'iek"'1nd.1anll -,;a~.prt.t.~·,of

^{theherl. tep}of

:.~,,~o~dlU~·~~l~eD. b\l~-

¹¹¹

·our' .~hoO~.; ~~~'~1. ~

^:laekot-

~.~~tal

.~tir~:i~tt'- ~~~·ri~i.' d.ai:LIlS;~th :tll~ a:.Oth~Ck ~Ddi~,,: ^.

^{Cer t a b}

1'.ct~

'~av~~'beeD" ~.t~~~'~~.d '~~ut,

^{t h}

~~~b~~~." ~Ad ~b~, '8t~d~'lIt~ ~h';~'

^b*

~..

:

.". '~, .,,' ,

'."

. .""':

.:

.

.-'

^{. ';.,',}

... . ..

.--:~.,.-" :,: ','',. " ;,,

· ."ad ea~retitth1_ :1lltora.t1ollbeud,..ot,1tlll.1lllportaAc e111bel p1Jlg

·.

~

..'.• " , .--'" :", ' , ..' - : ":<" :"" .: ," "',' J: " , ' . " ,

..the;1II,llpprec1a te,tlle1.rcult uralhe rl tase .,.

.. .. "·.uB~.;·":it ~i_· 1.~~~~ t'

¹¹¹

,~ude~i'~ ' ,'i~'t~ll~ct~~;alld'80C~~l

.

' ; ", '"

, ',

^{'. -.}

:" ' .

,"" ... .. ^" ,"..

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