HAL Id: hal-00119915
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00119915
Submitted on 13 Dec 2006
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Fully Nonlinear Global Modes in Spatially Developing Media
Benoît Pier, Patrick Huerre
To cite this version:
Benoît Pier, Patrick Huerre. Fully Nonlinear Global Modes in Spatially Developing Media. Phys- ica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Elsevier, 1996, 97, pp.206-222. �10.1016/0167-2789(96)00152-2�. �hal- 00119915�
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