HAL Id: halshs-00255248
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00255248
Preprint submitted on 13 Feb 2008
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Les transformations des corps masculins et féminins dans le parcours de transsexualisation
Laurence Hérault
To cite this version:
Laurence Hérault. Les transformations des corps masculins et féminins dans le parcours de transsex- ualisation. 2008. �halshs-00255248�
% ,!-./$01, (-324$&5% 6
708"9(: ;=<?>@;BADC":E8"9FHG
I)<KJML;":ENJHGOCQPR;S.: TLU;=<?>@;VXW'Y)Z4[\Z]^V`_aJMbKcd;=<KceS.: TfLU;"<K>@;VXgK:68"<K>@;
h
;":E8"9FHGOi\jjkN
h
Vl9<JHL?cm8XJMbVon':
pq'rsutMvEwEtyx{z}|osHtyv}|l~xtM~q'rssx'Ew xmoxm|qoq'v}~wrxmx'~MtM|tw}x|5}~vqoxmq ssxm
svEw}xmr t}~mvmxw||oxmrt?xdtt~x4 0qmwr}x0|o}xmrEtM|ty4qdt¡tM~¢|£Ew mx0x+t?xdttM~x4x'ruv~tyx4 ¤Mqdwuw"r
mv}~¢stM~¥s(v~E|rqm|l~x¦§¨©«ªm¬ª®3¯±°²6®.ªE³O®m´µm¶}·d¯¹¸¡ºm¯±°¶/»E·Oª'¯°¶/¼²6°®»·O¶(¨¶/½¾¶/°¶}³¿ ®KÀO²6½µ'¯l¶/»E·+¶(¨©Ám¯ª ®³OÁ
ªm¬'¶ À· ³RÀ+²6°¡µ'®(»E·Â³O¶?½¾¶ÀO²}³O¬'¶}³Oª ¯µ ªm®R¶Â¯»E·O¶-¨©ª·°oª®(¿Ã´Â¶}³(°ÁEª ¼¯¹ÁE´mºm¯±°¶.· ³O¶Äo¼¼¶}ÅÆd¶?½R¶K®O²}·'¬¶}³+®Ç¶}³
¿m¶KÀO¶ ½¾²6½¾¶}³+¯´ À'©¶ ®d¯µÂ¶}·+¯¹¸¡ºm¯°¶.¼¶.µ ¼«·'®U¼²6ȳ+¯±ª ȳ(®'²}·+¬O¶}³m°¿m¶ ½ª¬m¶}ÅEÉÊË"̶ »E·m+į}® ·m°oÍ °¶}³U½¾²6· ³O¶.¿ÂÁ ¶
ªE·O®'®ÇmÎOª °°¶6´}¨¶u¼©«ª "¿Â¶6µE·®4¼²³Í'¯¹¶E½(µ'®²}· Çm¼Á6´X½ª ®4½¾ª4À'²}³O¬mÀ+¯²}³Ä¡·+¯1¿mÏ ®4¼¶u¿mÁ}Ç ·+¯1ȳOÁ}Çm°ªE³¼ªEǼ¶}ÅXг
ª µ µª °¶E³OÀ'¶.ÀO©Ám¯±ª ¯@·³O¶/µE·°¶ªEÇO®m·°¡¿ ¯¹Á}ÅÉÊ5Ë`Ѷ6¼²}³¯l²}·+® ¼¶ ®?Àm°o¯¹Ï °¶ ® ¿'¶/¼ª¼²6Í »E·O¶6´'¨©Ám¯ª ®KÁm¬¿m¶6½½R¶}³d¯@· ³
Í ª °ÒO²E³ ÅÆd©Ám¯ª ®Æ'ª ½¾¶®ÓX·½µEÔO°ÕÖ¾²6°°¡®´¿m¶®O¶'׶½(ªÂ®OÀm·¼«³ÅÆd©ªÂ¬ª ®· ³ À+²E°oµ'®¿m¶Í ª °lÒ'²}³´m¨¶µm²6°±¯±ª®¿m¶m®
¬OºÂ¯¹¶6½¾¶}³+¯l®f¿Â¶UÍ ª°lÒO²}³+®ÅdØKÙÛÚBvE~¢~¢|¡sÜOÝÞ}Þ6X}Oß'+à6á+â
ã1q5s|£twqdt¢|±vrtyxÂox.w@xmox.~q'}v}~Ûtymx }m'~¢|tXwräqm¤H¤M~v}rtyxmxmrt1x'r tM~x3wr4sHwåx+t-v~tyxdw}~f±wrx
}mmq'~qdt¢|±vra|xmrtM|tyqm|l~xæRåx)sHw|Ûs4wr)çq'~èmvr éM¤¢|¡ooxêaxdtësv}rv~¢sëw|q'qmr} x'~qÂ|£twr/xEssqOçx
|rEx'~sxìæRåxísMw|sk¤¢xm/xm¡x'éM/îmoxêâQïRxdttyxð|lrExO~s|vrmv}r}èdwxðzq|£twxÂooxÂ/xmrtmv}xñwr}x
mv}rtM~qE|dty|vr4mr}m¤¢|om|ox±wr}x}m¤M|r|ty|vr/m}|o qÂoxmXx0s¢rE~vx/}x5tM~q'rssx'Ewqm|Ûs/xEâ"ïRxm±w|oߢm|o
qdw"ss|ar}v/òs¢rE~v/xó}xõôUxmr+åqm|r}ösx÷mq'~qmdty'~¢|osxõqO~ oqìvrE|odty|v}rø|r'}~qmr}oq'x
oq'}q'~Htyx'r}|¹~R KMqdw}tM~x.sx+xKqEssvm|x. Uwr}x }xÂ/qmr}xK|'~|oxdwsxKx+tXx'~qmrxmrtyx?}xKv|¤¢|omq+t¢|v}r
}zEs|ow xwósx'xmumxmm|&xÂr,Mq'"sxÂrmx}xtyvEwEtyxùq'rvqm¡|oxözEs|owxvwús¢mz}|owxEâ4ïRxdttyx
wqm|¡¤M|¡ qdty|v}r/m}|¡qÂox|rE|tyx QwrtM~qm|tyxmxmr tuq'~HtM|+wo|¡xO~±q{~mq s+s|lçrq+tM|vrksx'Ewxm¡oxEâïRxdttyx
~mq ss|çrqdty|vrxsMt`xssxÂr t¢|±xÂooxÂ/xmrt"wrx/dtyqmv~y}z}vsxmv}~¢vE~xmoxm6¡xEsHtyßy mߢE|l~xw`oxÂoox}~vvsxq
tM~q'rs¤Mv~yq+tM|vr/wmv~ys}x?¤Mqmèmv}r ?mxKw@o|¡|oxÂr}rx5svEwEtyxOr}|l~oqK}Âoq'~qdt¢|±vr/wsMwmåxdtâ ûr/mx.sxmrs
oxsMwmåxdt`xdt-svrv~¢s1sv}rt`x'rE|sq'çEs-|om|mv5/x?}xsqO~Htyx'r}qm|l~xs1w|}v|lxmrtyqdwvEw}t`wämv Etyxm
s+oqm mv}~}x'~+â'û1r/üÂ/x¾tyxm.soq}s|çr}qdty|v}rwämv}~¢s-mv/x¡|oxdwä=o|r tyx'~HxÂr t¢|±vr}v}r}rx mxmlw|oß
m|oqoqm x"±wrs|5oxK/qdty'~|qdwësHw~-oxmwxm|¡¤yq'w}t`q'ç|¹~+âÂã1q¡qmxKwämv}~¢s-x sHt`}vr3|om|"}vEw}oxK
oq¤Mv|sKsMwmåxdt¾xdtRvEOåxdty|r tyx'~v+w}tyxdw~xt('zv sxmXxetf|Xq.tyvw~U KtMvw~ütM~xKt~q'|tyvx.tyx'Xqmrsox
}~v}çE~qO5/x}x¾tM~qOrssx'Ew qÂ|sqdty|v}râ
ã1xìs¢rE~v}xð}xýôUxmr+åqÂ/|røsHw}vsxþwrxñæ'~xdw}xñxr}v}~qm¡|tyê Ew|sw"xñoxEs
x'~svr6r}xEsrx}v|lxmrt}~sx'r tyx'~q+wdwrxÿqmr}vqm¡|oxÿ}zEs|owxÿvEw)s¢mz}|owxEâã1xÿ}~vmxssHw"säx
tM~q'rssx6wqm¡|sqdty|v}rÿq}v}rmv.v~tyx'~Kwrx0}zqsx }|q'çr}vsHtM|±wx v
sxO~vr t?|ÛsxEsxmr}vEw}tyx0xEs
}mmq'~qdt¢|±vrsfmvr tM~qm}|dtyv}|l~xsfwÿsMwmåxdt1x+t1}x5sv}rmv}~Ms(¦'zq dwrädtyq'r t|rtyxO~¢~¢v}ç.qm¤M|r4dtyqd|~¾oxEs
~qm|¡svrs-w|Hoqm/¥Ârxmr tX tyx'r}|l~wrKtyxm}}~v}}vs+â+xrx¾qm|Ûs`qs-|m|}'xmv}}x'~-mx+ttyx5|sx 3Mo'}~xdwx
v}'~mx.q'~RxsR"s¢mz}|oqdtM~x s=oxsRs¢mz}vv}çEwxs(xdtfxsUx'r}}v'~|r}vv}çEwxsqm|ÛsRlw}ttä¡qdttyq'z}x'~(
oq /dtyqmv}~¢}z}vsxxmoxmߢüm/xEâïRv/xmrtäxmrtM~xO}~H|sx}xÿtM~q'rssxdEw qm|Ûsq+t¢|v}r)w|.}~v}}vsx wrx
tM~q'rs¤Mv~yq+tM|vr mv}~¢v}~x'oxw|0rvw"s#sxm.ox)çÂrO~qmxmxmr tu~qm}|mqmoxm0sxvrtM~xDmq'qdoxa}x
}~vw|l~x/}xsx'~svr}rxEs?qm}mwqdtyxmxmr tsx'Ewxs UwxmX~x'çqO~r}vEw"sv}¤H¤M~xmßtyߢx'ox0sHw~oq/qmr}|o¥'~x
}v}rtX±xs1mv~ys¾sxdEw sRsv}rtÜx'rE|sq'çs1}qmrs-r}vEtM~xsyv}m|dtyïRv/xmrt`¤MqÂ|~x?w4æsxxKv}}vsê/
q'~HtM|¹~-±wrx¾tM~qOrs¤Mv}~¢/qdtM|v}rmv}~¢vE~x'ox
ã1q¾tM~q'rssx'Ew qm|sqdty|v}rKtyxm¡xw@oxm¡oxxEsHt`5|sxxÂr oqm x}q'rs-oq£wq'~MtX}x s-m|r}|ow xs-xdt@z }|tyqdw}
s¢Â|oqm¡|ss/sx4O~vw±xxmrÿxdwutyx s(¦X=oq'v}~ wrx zv~yvrvtMz'~q'|xw|RxmrEçqOçxwrmx'~HtyqO|¡r
r}v~x,}x,v}|¤¢|omqdty|v}rsùqmr}q+tyv|owxsaEw|swrx,mz}|~Mw~¢ç|±x,w|^qmmmxmr twx,mxsa}~xm|o¥'~xEs
tM~q'rs¤Mv~yq+tM|vrseâ ã1q}~xs'~|EtM|vr&qmr tM|¡qmrE~vç¥Or}xs xdtUovxsMtM~¢v}ç¥'rxsvEw~Kx s3Ú&t^xmrtM~qr}x0ox
}dx±v}xm/xmrtë}xQq v|£tM~ |rxm5Moq¤M¤¢|rxm/xÂr të}xQ¡q#|vs|tyQxdtë}xQq#xq+w5q ~xm|sMtM~ |l6w}tM|vr
qm}|lxdw@sx xdt)M¡|Ew|Ûs+sqmrmxu xm¡xk}x}~vçx sHtyqtM|¤xdt)}xötyxstÛv sMty'~¢v}r}x qdw}tÚ qm/¥mr}x ox
}dx±v}xm/xmrt/}xÿoqÿ|±v=s|tymwDmo|tyv~y|Ûsäxdt/}xÿqÿKw@sdwoqdtw~xmoq'~¢~üdt5}xs/xmrsHtM~Hwxsäxdtoq
v|¤¢|o qdtM|v}r}x.oq3v|l"â}ï(xdt¡tyx}~xm|¡¥O~xK/dtyqmv}~¢}z}vsx?mz}|¡|owx.q?}v}rK}xdw4xm¤M¤¢x+ts/q¢åx+w~s(¦
lwrxq'~Ht@~x'rE~x3±xs-mv}~¢ssMty'~¢|oxsÜÙÛtyx'.v}~qm|l~xm/xmrEtMáXxtXoqdw}tM~xqO~ÛtÛ|r}w|l~x¾wr x'~HtyqO|rrv.}~x
}xv|¤¢|omqdty|v}rs/v}~¢}z}v±vç|wxEs}xoqEwx'~Htyv}~E|r}qm|l~x6âÜã1qmz}|~Hw~¢ç|oxmRwqÂr t xm¡xfq sx
mv}r}mxmr tM~x'~sHw~xs/v}~¢çq'rxs/}|tssx'Ewxms(¦vw~x stÚ ÙM¤MxÂ/qmox0tyv qmox'ásv}rt ç'r}'~qÂoxm/xmrt
~mqm|s xs qEsMtyxmdtMv}|oxm zEsHtyO~xmdtÛv|ox xdt vq'~|xmdtyv}|¡x xdt q'~¤Mv|¡s z}qmovoqsHty|x vw
/dtyv o|±voqsHty|x xdt s'~vtÛv}±qsHty|xþvEw~ø±xsøÚ&t ÙqÂox tyv ¤MxÂ/qmox'á sv}rt }~¢v}}vsxs
v}~'z}|}xm+tyv|oxmÂrxmdtyv}|¡x3q'ç|r}v}oqsMt¢|±xmK/qmv}oqsMt¢|±xm3oqEsHtM|ox}xso¥'}~xs4xdtäw m|£tyv~|¡s
qEsHtM|x}xoqöv/x"?}qmuxdt^qssx',svEw}xmr t^|lxO~sxEs)v}'~qtM|v}rsQæ¤yqmdwtyqdty|±xs-ê,}x
'z}|~Hw~¢ç|xQwù|sq'çxQxdtëw Ov}~¢suÙ~¢z}|r}v}±qsMt¢|±xmK¡Ozq'~v}q sHty|xm5|o¤¡t¢|r}çù¤Mqm|oqmq'}~qs|±vra}xEs
q'~qm}xssvw~m|¡|o¥'~xs?xdtyEâ«á+âx'v}r{oq/üÂ/x ±vç|EwxwxBM¡zv~v}r}vEtMz}'~q'}|oxmKq#mz}|l~Hw~¢ç|oxx
tM~q'rssx6wqm¡|sqdty|v}r|sx. .qsHty'~¢|o|ty.Ù¢}m¤M|r|ty|lx'áR}xEsRmv}~¢sfxet1 K±q.'~mq+t¢|v}r"lwrämx'~Htyq'|rrv.}~x
ov~¢çqOr}xs-}x s-mv}~¢sX/îm¡x s-xdt@¤Mxmxmo¡xEseâ
sxÂ.oxäq'v|¹~?}xs?v}~¢çq'r}xEs?x+t}x s}~vmxssMw"szEs|v±vç|owxs3 qÂrqÂr tM|l~?qm¤¢|r&xdtUqdqmrtU}x
vEw}v}|l~xmrÿçmr}O~x'~}xr}vEw}xqdwRmxdw#mv}~¢~xsyvr}q'rtsqdw)sx'x svwzqm|tyEâãRx4}~vç}~q'xëx
tM~q'rssx6wqm¡|sqdty|v}r,q'~qm|tDsx mv}rsMt¢|twxO~qm|rs|qdw}tyvEw~)±wrx v}ç|¡wx }x! "#$&%
'(
)! )#$ ¦xmv}~¢sUqmty'~/Ùtyx' v~qm|l~xÂ/xmrtfw|¡s}m¤¢|r|ty|±xm/xmrtMáUxst(±wrx5q'~Mt(xdmw x
sq Âoqs+sx5sx'6w"mx Ù*)+máy Ew|sR|rsO~ |£t1}q'rsRoqrvw}xm¡ox.Ù
'(
+máqO~R'~mqtM|v}r"¡v}~¢çq'rxs
|rm}|ts+âïRx'xmr}qÂr ty xs v}'~qdtM|±vrs s|çr}qmomxEsù|¡m|^mv/xñ}|swqm¡|o¤¢|oqmrtyxsùÙyv~Oz}|}xmdtyv}|¡x
'rx+tMv}5|oxm-vEq'~|oxmdtyv}|¡xzEsMty'~xmdtÛv|oxm/qEsHtyxdtMv}|¡xxdty6âÈár¡x'mw xmrt(qsXz}q'|twxmo¡xm/xmrty
oxEs|r}}|±|ow"s}xÿoxdw~4sx'Ewq+t¢|v}râã1x smv}~¢s4sHty'~y|xsävwasty'~y|o|ssmxO~Htyq'|rsv~¢s/qmoqmxsvEw
qmmm|xmrtys mv}r}r}qm|s+sxmr t?wxmwxEswrxs }xEs qmty'~qdty|ovrs wx0 xs |r tyx'~¢xmrty|v}rs }~vvwxOrt.sq'rs
vEw~q+wEtyq'r tsxëv|l~/}'vssm}Es/}x oxdw~æ|xmrtM|tyÿsx6wmxêâ,Ew}|~.wrx /qEsHtyxm+tMv}5|oxuvEw wrx
zEsMty'~xm+tMv}5|ox oq0sHw|tyx±wrumqmrmxO~?vwx'rmv~x5}xO~E~x0sx styxstM|odwoxs3xdttMvEwEt¾vw&q+~ÛtM|x}x0svr
'r}|sUqmmm|oxmrtyxOoxm/xmrtRr"oxmrtM~q-rx.qEswrxx'mlw"s|v}r4w&sx'x=ov~y|lç|rxë¦ oxmv}~¢s(xEsHt-tMvEwOåvw~s
~xmvr6rwùvx#¤MÂ/|r|ravEwaqsdw¡|râ,?xdw}ty.Ox'~Htyxs.üt~x#'v}r}è+wùmv}x#æ}m¤H|om|oxÂr t@êvEw
æ|rmv oxdt@ê&xdt Ev}r}4üetM~xæxOqO~¢~qssqmrt@ê}-qm|Ms.|r"oxsMt?x'r&qdw+wrÿqs mq'~Hty4}x sq0'±qssx
oq'}q'~Htyx'rqmr}mxEâmû1rmxKsxmrsv}r.xdw}t"±xmvrs|o'~x'~-mv}5/x.+/))+}w}tt@wx.+/¦mxEs
v}'~qtM|vrsæKw}ty|oqmrtyx sXê}~v}v smxs/v~s/w)mzqmr}çxmxmrt}xsx'x v~¢~xs¢v}r}}xmrt w"s 0wr}x
æ.x'~MtyxQ}xQwqm|tyêaw`¡ wrx^'~|tyq'oxQx'£ws|vra}xQoq sx'Ewqdty|v}ra"¡v}~¢|lç|rxEâ,0XvEw~tyq'rtëmx s
v}'~qtM|vrs}~x'r}rxmrtf}q'rsoxmqmE~x5x5oqKtM~q'rs+sx'Ew qm|Ûsq+tM|vrwr4qdw}tM~x.~xm|¡xm¤1¦mv}rtM~qm|l~xÂ/xmrtf 5oq
wq'~Htò}xs s|twqdty|vrs qdtMz}v±vç|wxEs vw qmmm|o}xÂr tyxmoxEs 'vwmxs }~mm}xÂ//xÂr tyðxs
|rtyx'~¢xÂr t¢|±vrs.w}ty|¡qmr tyxssv}rt@|m|.wty|¡|omx s(¦Emxr"xsMtq sMlwrxvw/Moqdw}tM~xw|xsHt@~mqm|smxqm|s
wr
(
$
(132 (
¡v}'~qdtM|±vrs w|/mv}rmx'~¢rxQrvtyq'äx'rt4 "##¡xEs v~¢çqOr}xEsuw|q'~Hty|m|xmr të oq
~x'}~yvwdtM|v}râ5R^q }v}r0wrx vv}rtyu¡qmr}r}|z|¡oxm~xdt¡tyx¤Mv}r}dty|v}r#mv~yv~xOoxuxEssxÂr t¢|±xÂooxÿ oq
}m¤H|r|ty|vr/}xK/îmoxKvEw4}x?¤MxÂ/xm¡oxEâ Uwqmr}/vr/r}xv ss¥m}x±w"s6/$}xEsv}~¢çq'rxs1|£tså¢w"sHtyxm/xmrt
æ.çmr}|tyqdwê|=sxÂ.oxw@¡v}rsv|t`wx'w xxdw/}~¢|l}xKsqKsx+Ewqdty|v}râ
ÚBqm|ÛsHx¤M¤yxdt&}|Ûsw"qm|¡¤y|¡qmr turx{|oxÂr tuqsQsxdw¡xm/xmrt&}xDmxdttyx)æmv}.odtw}xê}xs#¡ s|vrs
mv}~¢}vE~xÂoxsKxmox|oxmrt/xdw6tyߢüetM~xBsHw~tMvEwEtä}xu¡x+w~4qssvm|qdty|v}r)q'xmM¡q mw|s|ty|vrQq'~MtM|xm¡ox}xs
wqm|tys^wðsx'xsvEwz}qm|ty6âïRxsQ.w}ty|oqdty|v}rs)sv}rEtMëx'rkx¤M¤yxdtyOv.|rmxEs^vw }~mmm}xs#q'~
ÙHrvtyq'/xmrt sxmmv}r}}qm|l~xsyá }xðmxmlw|ߢm|Mâû1r\xísxmrs)xmoxðxmrEçq'çxð}¢å ðoxñ}~vmxssMw"s }x
tM~q'rs¤Mv~yq+tM|vr)x'~s svrvOåxmdty|¤}xÿ~xwqÂo|¡¤¢|omq+t¢|ov}r)}q'rs4Mqdw}tM~x sxxEâ(ï¾x+ttyx tM~qHåxmdtyv}|l~xw"|
x'rÂzx'üdtM~xmv}.odtw}x}xsUq'oqdtM|v}rs(xdtRvEEtyxOrtM|v}ru}xKtM~q'|tssx'Ew sR~x mz}x'~mzs}v}r}r}xqdw mv~ys
wr)mqO~qmdty¥'~xÿqm.|çEw qdw~x'çq'~^xÿoqÿ|ߢ qdty'çvE~¢|sqdtM|v}r)v~E|rqm|l~x¦¾|¡?x'|¡xmr t/|¤M¤¢|om|¡ox}xÿx
mqEssx'~(}qÂrs(M±wr4vEwuoqdw}tM~xsx'x6âã1qKtM~q'rs+sx'Ewqm¡|sqdtM|±vrsMw}v sx5qm|rs|=wr4dtyqdtXtM~q'rs|tyv}|l~xv ox
mv}~¢s-}vss¥m}xKx'~Htyq'|rs(sxdwoxmxmr t-}xs1qdtotM~¢|lEw}ts1}xKOz}qmwx5sx'xmx+tX|sxm.¡x?wx?mxsv|tÜmxdt-tyqt
w|xÂr tM~q-rx¡q}|swqm¡|¤¢|o qdtM|v}r.'~|tyq'ox}x¡qmoqs+sx}xKsxx¡v}~|lç|rx¦6wq'r}¡xv~¢sÜqx'~w
mx'~Mtyq'|r}xEsR}x5sxEsRwqm¡|ty sRxEssxÂr t¢|±xÂooxsR|r}|ty|oqm¡xEsfxdt1qmmw|¡sRwxmowxEswr}xsf}xmxm¡oxs~xmmv}r}rwxEsRqdw
mv}~¢s4'±qssEs4}qmrs4oxÿæsxdxv}}}vsêKqmv}~s| xEsHt.tM~¥ s4d|}xm/xmrtäxdm±w }x sqmqdty'çv}~¢|x
v}~¢|lç|rxmoxEâ wqmr}ñwr mv}~¢sBq'~ùx+xmoxm r"oq,w@sù"±w}tyO~Hw"sùxdt ovqÂ|¹~xEsùxdtD}~sxÂr tyx
mv}r+åv|rtyxmxmr twrx.q'~¢xr}qm|s+sqmrtyx wrus¢sHty¥m/x.|ooxdwëædtyxOr}wê4x+twrëm¡|tyv}~¢|s(qm¡vr6çm|¡`xEsHt
}dtyqmOz} '~|tyq'oxÂ/xmrt}xÿsv}r#qmr}'~qOçx ¤yÂ/|r}|r^}~xm5|ox'~eâïRxumv~ysr"¡xEsHt qs/mxOxÂr}qmrt|lsv
¤yqmdtyv|r£ws#}qmrs oqamq+ty'çvE~¢|xaqmtyx'~rqdt¢|lxm0xEs#v}'~qtM|v}rs#}x~xwqÂ|o¤¢|omqdty|vrksxm.oxmrt||
xssxmrty|xm¡oxEs(¦XxmoxEsK|oxmr}rxmrt3qm'z}x'x'~ ¡xq'~vw~s x't~xmEv}rErx'~3wr sMtyqdtwEt3qdw#v~¢s?v}|¤y|¡6âr
mv}~¢s1mqsdwoKxdtÜ|syv sqÂr t-lwrx3v|tM~|rxKr}qm|s+sqmrEtyxroxEsHt-x'~Htyxs-w"swrmv}~¢s1qEsdw¡|r/qm|Hs
qs(r}v}rlw"sRwr4v~¢s(¤Mm|r|r vw~sx}|l~xKtyxÂ@|¡-w|X¤¢qdwE~qäsMw|~wr}xs'~|ox5"ov'~qdtM|v}rs(w|
q'rqmr tM|l~v}rtU}'¤M|r|ty|lxÂ/xmrt?svruqm.|lçEw ltyEâã1xmv}~Hs~xmwqm|¤¢|or"¡x sHtUqm|rs|q sKrmmxEssqm|l~xÂ/xmrt
wrmv}~¢s-Ov}.oxdty}|x sHt`qdqmr ttMvEwEt"wrOv~ys-'qm|~xmx'r t`mqdty'çv~¢|osq'oxEâ
w}tM~xÂxÂr t?}|toqtM~q'rssx'6w"qm|sqdt¢|±vr&r}x}~sxmr tyxqswr&mz}xm/|rxm/xmrt?|rmqm|~xmmv}.q'~qdox
q'~x+xÂox umxw x.qmrßKxmr}rx'#q'qÂ|£t|qmç|r0vw~x s/ÂzqmrEçxm/xÂr tssHtyqdtw6tyq'|l~x sq'xmq
~|twqm|ty.}xKqs+sq'çxEâKrrxKxdw}t1}|¡sHty|rEçEwx'~Rmoqm|~xmx'r tXwr}x.dtyqOx.}x5s'q'~qdtM|v}r}Ew|s-wrx5+tyq'x
}x.q'~¢çx xdt1x'r}¤M|rwr}x dtyq'x.¡|r ty'ç}~qdtM|v}râEã1xK}~vOxssMwsf}x.}|¡sw qm|o¤¢|omqdty|v}r}ßH~xwqÂo|¤¢|omqdty|vräxEsHt
r}x+ttyx'xmrt@w"s-mv v s|tyxmqO~x s-vO~qdtM|v}rs-w|"sxÂ.oxÂr t`q}~¢|v}~ |}~xmwqm|o¤¢|oqmrtyxs-Ùyw|'~mxmrt`}x
r}vEw}xqdwõv}~¢çq'r}x savEw }xs)t~qO|tsa|r}m}|tsyá}~m¥}xOrt)rvrósxdwoxmxmr tDmx'~tyq'|rxs v'~qetM|v}rs
æKw}ty|oqmrtyx sXê0/qm|sx'Âlwxmrty@x'r4vEwEtM~xOtMvEwEtfqdwEtyq'r t1wx5x sR}~mmmxmrtyxs(}xqm¡qEssx=ov}~¢|lç|rx6â
w}tM~xmxmrtE|tyuq}~vmw~x }xtM~q'rssx6wqm¡|sqdty|ovrðsx mvrsHtM|twxþsx±vrþwr}x vç|w xw@s
q'~q}vq±x wx}~+Ew xEâ 0`q'~/q'|¡oxdw~sxumv}~¢svEEtÛx'rwrxsMt.q s/x'rÿtMvEw"s}v}|rts/mv}r}¤Mv~yxuqdw
æsMtyq'r}}q'~ꦾ|¡vss¥m}x sxdw¡xm/xmrt/wxmw xs4q+tt~M|±}w}tsäxs+sxÂr t¢|±xÂs4 sqwqm¡|¤¢|omqdty|v}r)}qmrssq
r}vEw}xmo¡x)moqEssx6â3û1rùmxsxÂrs±x{v~¢stM~q'rssx'Ew )xsHtë}w@s&mvr}¤Mv}~|ÛsMtyx)wx{vr}¤Mv}~x¦5sq
o'ç|t¢|o|ty{tM|±xÂr t}q'rs#ox¤Mqm|tw@¡|o4mv}r}¤¢|~ /xaxdt ~¢mqm¤M¤¢|l~/xoq{qm|o|tyax+tÿMoxm¤H¤¢|om|oxmrmxa}xoq
mqdtyOç}v}~¢|¡sqdtM|v}rsx'Ewxmo¡x6â
?x'r¥sxqs¢/dtM~|wx}xs-v~¢s`îm¡xEs-x+t¤Mxm/xm¡ox
¡qm|ämvrs|o}'~ åHw@sw`¡qmv}~s&oq^tM~q'rssx'Ew qm|sqdty|v}rv/x wra}~vmxssHw"swr}|owxm/qÂ|s&xm¡ox
mv}.}~xmr}/xmr¤yqÂ|£t-}xdwq'~mvw~sw|rx3}~EsxÂr tyx'rt`qsXtyvw6t- ¤Mqm|t-oxs1/üÂ/xsfmq'~qdty'~|¡sHty|wxsfxdt
}v}rEr}xmr twr}x0|oqOçxmv}rtM~qsMtymx4}x0oqçxmr}¥Esx}xs v}~¢s?/îÂoxsxdt?¤Mxm/xÂooxseâ Kr&q'|o}xm/xmrt
mv}.}~|swxm}qOrsoxs5tM~q'rs¤Mv}~qdty|vrs3tÚ xdt?Úÿt@xEsämv}~¢srxBsMw|s+sxmr tqsx s/üÂ/xEs
|rtyx'~¢xÂr t¢|±vrs.qm|s}oxEsHtsMw~ÛtÛvw6tx#}'~vEwxm/xmrt4x+t±xsëx'|çxmr}mxEsë}x Oz}qmw xB}~vmx ssHw"së}x
tM~q'rs¤Mv~yq+tM|vräw|Xsvr t|rtyO~xssqmrtsR wxsHtM|v}r}r}xO~+â.rx5s|¡¡x mv.q'~qÂ|svrä}xsR|r tyx'~Hxmr t¢|v}rs
}~v}}vsmx s-qdw.wrxEs-xdt`qdw/qdw}tM~xs-vrtM~x'r t` 3oq¤Mv|Hs-}xEs-+tyq'xs1mv}r}mv}~}q'r tyxs-Ù¢xEs-v}'~qdtM|v}rs1}x
sHtyO~¢|¡|sqdty|v}rEá(vEwu|rEx'~sxs(Ù¢/qsMtyxmdtMv}|oxdéM/qÂ/v}qsHtM|oxm"~dmoqdty|v}réMqmr}r}|z|¡oqdty|vr4}xoq.|¡vs|ty'á
/qm|ÛsÜqdwss|x sXzqsxEs-}|lx'~yçxÂr tyxs-v
xr}v.~xxdt"ox¾t6xo|r tyx'~HxmrtM|±vrssvr t`'v}rtM~q sÛty s+â
r~xm/q'~wx?r}vEtyq'xmr t1wx±xsfvO~qetM|±vrsfmvrmxm~¢r}qmr t-¡x sRv}~¢çq'r}x sçmr}|tyqdwsvr t-w@s
rxdttyx'xmr t1qssvm|mxEsfÂzx'oxs-Ú &wx.mz}xO5oxs ÚDâïRxmm|"x sHt1ë .q.v}ç|owx5sMwsHty|tw}tM|lx.}xEs
tyx'zEr}|owxEsxmvxsUw|-xsMtRw"s/q'~w x}qmrsKox/q sxoq5q'ç|r}v}oqEsHtM|oxwx/}qmrs xmw|
}x s}zqmvoqEsHty|xsRx+t+tyv o}|v}oqsMt¢|±xEâEã1xsRv}'~qdtM|±vrssHty'~¢|o|Ûsqmr tyxsR}q'rsR±xKq'~mvEw~s-Úÿtsvr t
~mqm|sx smv}r+åv|rtyxm/xmrt qdxmoq0oqsMt¢|±xëq'ç|rqmoxEâXûr&~xdqmrmz}x¾}qOrsx0q'~vw~stÚ#Rmx s
v}'~qtM|v}rssvr t1qmmmv}.¡|oxssOq'~m/xÂr t1}xsR|rtyx'~Mx'rty|v}rs~xmmv}rsHtM~HwtM|lxEs(¦v}r5w}tM|o|ÛsxKq'~¤Mv|s
oxq'ç|rk/qÂ|s^xmrkqdwdwrþqsQMlw}ty'~Hw"s#vEw,oxs^vEqm|~xs+âã1xs&tyxm'z}r}|owxEs#}xz}qmovoqsHty|x
r"lw}tM|¡|sxmrtUqqO~v|-q'ç|rqÂox4wxvw~?M¡qmovrEçxmäx'rtU}xHw~¥dtM~xm-mxmoxmߢm|r}xx'~xdt(qs }x
¤Mv}~x'~O~ |£tyqoxm/xmrt1xKmr}|s(w|@xsMt1mvrsHtM~Hw|£t-ç'r}'~qÂoxm/xmrt1 Kq'~MtM|l~Rlwroqm.xq+wë}x ~qseâ
ã1x sR+tyv o}|v}oqsMt¢|±xssv}rt-}w"ssMwsHty|tw}tM|xsf}qmrsRq.x sHw~x.v ox.m|tyv~|¡s(sx'~Mt1 Kq.¤Mv~q+t¢|v}r
w#Or}|Ûs/qm|ssvr}'çq'çxm/xÂr t xdtsyvrqm±vrEçxm/xmrt xsMt?|/|ty}xtyxmox sv}~Ûtyxëw@¡v}r&v6tM|xmrt
sxdw¡xm/xmrt"wr|o'~vßH'r}|s-Ù¢oqq'~v}|}q'ç|rqmoxKsx'~HqÂr tyxmoxqdw"s+s| oqmv}rsHty|tw}tM|v}r}xMw~¥dtM~xOá+â
û1r/vw6tM~xm±xsXtyxm'z}r}|owxEs}xz}qm¡v}¡qEsMtM|xmv|rs1qEs+sHw~mx swx?¡xEs-q'ç|r}v}oqsMt¢|xEsr}x?}vr}rxmrt
q styvwOåvw~sÜ}xsX~sMw£tyqdts-¤H|oq'oxsÜxdt-sqdty|¡s¤yqÂ|sqmrts s|}|oxmrw"x}xr}v~xdw3tÚózs|tyxmr tX oxs
ÚBqÂv}¡qEsMt¢|x ÚBqsHtyxdtMv}|¡x
.qOç|r}v}qEsHtM|ox
ÙH'rxmdtyv}5|ox'á
0Xq sHty|x}xs-o¥~xs
Ù¢vE~'z}|±xm+tyv|ox'á
Uq'~|oxmdtyv}5|oxmߢzEsHty'~xdtMv}|¡x 0@z}qm¡v}¡q sHty|xdéM/dtyv o|±voqsHty|x
ÙÛq'ç|r}x dtÛv|ox'á
'~vtMv}}qsMt¢|±x
û}|oqdty|v}rw|ÛsqOçxxdt
wämvE~¢s
ïz}|~Mw~¢ç|ox}xq¾v|±
UmwdtM|v}r}x¡q
0`v/x?}qm
ïz}|~Mw~¢ç|oxxsMtMz}dty|wx
w|Ûsq'çxxdt`wä'v}~¢s
z}v}~vrvtMz}'~q'|±x
}|¤H¤y'~xmr tyxs|r tyx'~HxmrtM|v}rs(qm|s?sHw~HtÛvw6tRx'r tM~qdx'rtR±xsRvss|l|o¡|tysUmv}r}'~¥dtyxs(}x.~xmwqm|¡¤¢|omq+t¢|v}r
}x sRmv}~¢s5tÚ)âEûr/M¡dtyq+t1qmetwxO"}xEstyxm'z}r}|owxs=|oÜsxmoxqm|rs|r}x+ttyx'xmrt-w"sR}|¤¢¤¢|om|¡oxKvEw~
wrämv}~¢sR¤Mxmxmo¡xov6tyx'r}|~R}xEsRv}~¢çq'rxsR/îÂoxEsR .qm~HtM|l~f}x5sxEs}~v}~x sRv}~¢çq'r}x sRwx.M¡|rEx'~+sxEâ
w}tM~xÂxÂr t?}|ty}q'rs.oxmqE~x0}x4¡qtM~q'rssx'Ew qm|Ûsq'tM|v}r}oxs q'qmm|tys }~vwetM|lxEs }xEs mv~ys
/îmoxEssxO~qm|¡xmr tsHw'~¢|±xdw~xEsqdw#q'qmm|tys }~vwtM|lxEs}x smv}~¢s.¤Mxm/xm¡oxEs(¦Üoxs }~xm|¡xO~ssx
vrtM~xO~q'|oxmrt mq'q+¡xEs=oxmrEçxmr}E~xO~ oxEs,sxmvr sqmv~skwxõM|rEx'~sxõ}~sxmrtyxO~qm|t }xs
}|¤H¤y|¡+wtyEseâ}ïRxKw|svEw"sßyx'rtyx'r'çqmoxm/xÂr t-wxK±xs1mv}~¢s-¤Mxm/xÂooxssvr tX}w@s1qÂ|ss1 K¤yq'}~|wx'~
w@o|s-rx}~sxmrtyx'r tq s-}xE|¤H¤¢|odwtys-/q¢åxdw~xsXvEw~Xqmz}|l~Hw~yç|oxEâ
ïRxdtotyx|¤M¤¢|odw£ty0qdty|rtyx'~y}~dtymxq'~ÚBq'~åv}~¢|x Kqm~Hx'~?mv/xæ?wru¤yqÂ|£tlw"s?v|ty|ow"x
wx m}|oqmêð6¡xEsHtyßy mߢE|l~x wxmuvw~DxmoxmÿoqtM~q'rssx6wqm¡|sqdty|v}rðqmmv}~}xöwr,}~ |l|¡o¥'çx
|oo|¡m|tyx&qdw)z}qm¡lw"säxdtsxÿvrtM~x q'~/¡xÿ¤Mqm|t//üm/x sx'|sHtyxEâpxÿüm/xm¾ôUxmqdtM~|l 0@~Â|oqm}v
qm¤M¤H|~/x wxþæ5±xsQtyx'z}r}|owxsD}x oq /qEsdw¡|r|t xdt}x ±q ¤yÂ/|r|tyþsvr t tM~Hwwxs(¦0q
/qEs+w|r|£ty sx~mqm¡|sx sxmvr wrÿv}¥moxz}x'~/q'zE~vE|tyx4w|xO~ /xdt?±xqssqOçx0w#mr}|sqdw
q'ç|r "oq.¤¢m/|r|ty.vEm|tf 3wrv}¥Âox}xK}~vwdtM|v}rw&sx'x.|l~¢~x'~+s|l¡xv ±q~x'}~vwetM|v}r
rxxdw}t-sx¤Mqm|~xxmr}x'zv~sÜ}xHlw}ty'~Hw"s`êâ6Ù*0@~xm'|q}vEà}Ý}ߢÝá
ÚBqÂ|smxdttyxqsM}/dtM~|x}v|t üetM~xq'r}qmlsx q¤Mv|sw"s ç±vqmoxmxmr t xet?}w"s¤y|rxm/xmrtâ
päoqv~}|/xsMtwrxdw q'Ew"s|o¤4}xQr}xQoq ~xmrEvxm~uw@o Bwr}x^wxsMtM|v}ra|¡}vv}ç|wx6âKïRxdttyx
}|/xÂrs|vr xEsHtmx'~tyxs }~ sx'r tyxm{|m| mv/xóqm|¡¡oxdw~sqm|sþoqómz}|~Hw~¢ç|xóxsMt q+w"ss|Dxdt
¤Mvr}}qm/xÂr tyqmxmxmr twr#qmdtyxtyxmOzEr}|owxmRw|(mv5/x0tMvEw"sxs/q+w}tM~xsx sHtsvEw|s/ wrmx'~Htyqm|r
rv.}~x}xmv}rtM~qm|rtyx s.wt¢|¹oxEs(wxEs(qdwu/qdty'~|qdw sxs( q'~qmdtyO~¢|sHty|wxsUxdtsxsR~s|sMtyqÂrmxs
x+t1 Koq.|syvr}|l|¡|t.¡vEw}tM|svEw~¾±x3tM~qm|tyx'~+âEpx.mxKv}|rt1}x36wxm=|oXsxm.ox.w x.Homw|lqÂoxmrmx
Or}|ÛsMéq'ç|ra}~vvs)}q'rsÿq q'ç|r}v}oqsMt¢|±x{roxEsHt4qs&x'v|tyq'¡xtyxmmz}r}|w"xm/xmrt4vEw~q
}zqm¡v}oqsMt¢|±x wõ¤¢qm|t}x oqdtM~v}}z}|xq'ç|rqÂox vE"sx'~H x Ozx'þoxs tÚâïoxsMtQ}£w}tt#|m|
Mw|lqmoxÂrmxm|£tyv~|¡sMémr}|s(w|Xsxm.¡x?lw@sRæx'}¡v}|tyqdoxê}"qm|Ûs(oq3tyqm|¡ox.w4mr}|s(xsHt1qmv}~s
xOrawxsMt¢|v}râpxQqmr}|¡¥O~x çmr}'~qÂoxQoqm|¡o¡x+w~sqQ¤Mqèvr ¡xmrE|sq'çx'~uxsu¤Mv}rdtM|v}rsu}x^mxs
v}~¢çq'rxsäxsHt/¤Mv}r}}qm/xÂr tyqmxÿvw~/M¡'qmlwqdty|v}rQxÿ xdw}wXov}rQ¤¢q'~ |owx&}qÂrsä¡x&mqmE~x&xÿoq
tM~q'rssx'Ewqm¡|sqdt¢|±vrâ
0`q'~ëqm|ox'w~ss+¡|o qB|oxmrQwrx }|¡¤M¤¢|odwty#x oq çxOr}¥Esx#}xEsv~¢s tÚ vEw~4mx#w|
vrmx'~¢rx¡q}~vwdtM|v}r}xsUv}~¢çq'r}xEsU|£tsçmr}|tyqdw-|-xmrëxsHt1tMvEwEt(qdw6tM~x'xmr tRvw~x~xsMtyxw
v~¢sxet)rvtyq'/xÂr tDvw~ùmx,w|#mv}r}mx'~yrxýq,|sx,xÂr qx,}x,x,w@¡v}rðr}v5/x
zq'|twxm¡oxmxmr t-xEsq'~qmdty¥O~xsRsx'Ewxmssxmmv}r}qm|l~xEs+â |M¡v}r0sx3~¤y¥'~x?xm¤H¤yxmdty|lxm/xmrt-q+wtyqdoxmqdw
}~mmm}x'r tyxs/mv}~¢s.Ú ùsHw|s+sxmrt ¤M|rqmoxm/xÂr t}xur}v.~xdw"sxEs/|rtyx'~Hxmrty|vrs¾zv~s/q v}r}x
çOr}|tyqm¡xXwx5rxsxmoxmrtRqsUmv}rErq tM~xoxsv~¢s Ú ¦"'|¡q+t¢|v}rë}¤y|r|ty|lxmX'z}|~Hw~¢ç|x}xoq
v}/x=)?}q xdt }xoq0v|lBxdt.üÂ/x}|lx'~+sxs/v}'~qtM|v}rs/}xmz}|~Hw~¢ç|xw^|Ûsq'çxuxdt w
v~¢s1w||oxmr/wx¤Mq dwtyqdtM|lxs=sv}rt`}~v}}vsmxs1qdw}/Ú uvEw~æ¤Mm|r|sx'~Xêoxdw~qO}q'~xmr}mx6â
v}|m|¡ ¾tM|tM~xoxdxÂoxmxwx}~¢v}}vsxx'rqqdty|o¥'~xmEwr}xm|r|owxmqmrqm|oxmr}r}x¦
"!#$#%&(')+*-, .
$ (
+
1
$
('/
#
'
/
# 10 #
//(32'(
#
' '
4
$
(
#0 )
( ' 3
( $!
(/'5//(
$! )#$
/
$!
(
6
'7
$#0 " "
(98 2 )+0
7 '
#0 " "
(98
) "$;:/
8
1 0 $! 1
'(
8 2 '
#$ ( '
(
4#
' <
'(
8 1 0 $!
1(
$! "#$
8
$>=
( )#$
'(
? $
(98
0 #/ #$
8
# #0 "
(98
1 0 $! 0
( "#
'
;@
(
;@
1
#)
( ,1ACBD
)$
(FEHGJI,LK
#$!
'
+
,
7
06NMM>OO&O
,: ' 1
#$!
'(
,
/#
1 P ,
ïRxdtotyx)'z}|l~Hw~¢ç|ox)xsHtMzdtM|±w"xsxm.¡x)|rEw}t¢|ox)}qÂrsÿx)mqs&}xEs "Ú xÂra~qÂ|svrù}xEs&xm¤H¤yxdts&}x
M¡z}v}~v}r}vEtMz}'~qO|x¦
QR"S#T)S#UVW#;SXV%YJT#+(R)[Z\>>]S#-,+^
( '
'(1 (
$! $+/
( - '(
( '(
/#
' ' 4 (
$!
('S/ (
$! )#$
( 7 + ( / '
)"-$!
(
0 #
' ( ' $ ( @ ( ( $ '
#$ (
'
<
'(
(
@
(
( '( 1 ' ( ' ( , ( 1 '('
1
/"
'(38
( 0 #
2 ( ( '(
/#
' ' 4 ( 1 0 "$! ;@
1
#)
( # ;@0
( #
'
;@
,+A
B[D )$)
(EHGJI,9K
#$
'
+
, 7
0Q6NMRM>O"OJO
,: ' 1
#$!
'(
,
/#
1 P
"¡| xsHt }~qm|?w xÿ¡x s0|r|o xs4mv}~¢v~xO¡s4}x |~|¡|twxBsv}rt/qÿ|v=s|ty3oxÿ}'x±v}xm/xmrt
.w"sdw¡qm|l~xxdt(qç}~q'|ty}xoq5v|±sv}rtfv6tyx'rw"s|oqoxtM~qÂ|£tyxÂxÂr tRz}v}~¢v}r}qm-xdtfr}xrmmx s+s|tyxmrt
}v}r}aqs^=¡|r tyx'~Hxmr t¢|v}rs^mz}|l~Hw~¢ç|omqm¡xEsvr ~x sHtyxtMvEwEt#}xaüm/xdtyv}rErq'~^¡qù¡|sHtyxù}xs
v}'~qtM|vrsR}~v}v smxs(qdw}4Úÿtmq'~(oqlwq'~Ht(s+oq'|owxmrtfv~E|¹rqÂ|¹~xmxmr tRqdwëmv}~¢s(qsdw|r"s
sqmrsaq'}qO~qtM~x mv/x }xsDv}'~q+tM|vrsDæ¤Mm|r|sqmrtyx sXê4¦w@ovr,xmrsxþrvtyqO5/xmrt oq
v|¤¢|o qdtM|v}r}x.oq3tyqm|¡ox.vEwëw4}~¢v}¤M|¡@wrx' "qdw4~xmvoxm/xÂr t1}xsRv}~x'|o¡xEs= .qsHw}}~xEss|±vr}xEs
v'z}xs/ç}~qm|s+sxdw@sx s4}xsqdw|o¥'~xsKq+wo|¤¡t¢|r}ç¤yqmm|qm M¡q mO~v|ssxm/xÂr t/}xEsv5/xdttyx s ÿq
v|¤¢|o qdtM|v}r4wu/xmrtyv}r}@ KM¡xm¤M¤¢q mxm/xmrtf}xsR~¢|}xEsUxdtR}x sR}|s(xmrtyvEw}~q'rt1qvwOz}xvw x'rmv~x5
oqo|v sMwmm|vrâ r xEsHt± ös|¡oxm/xmrtmv}r}¤~vr tMa a}xsBv'~qdtM|v}rs#w|v}rt&vEw~vEOåxmdty|¡¤
æoxmxmo¡|~Xêÿoxmv}~¢sXr}vEtyq'/xmrtUx'ruçv/qÂr t(¡xEs?xm¤M¤¢x+ts?}x svr|oxm|¡o¡|s+sxm/xmrtâ w}tM~xmxmrt
}|tyxsXv}'~qtM|v}rsXr}xKsxm.oxmrt@æ¤MÂ/|r|sqmrtyxs`êwx}q'rs-oqx sHw~xv qmv}rtM~qm|rtyxxsMtMz}dtM|±w"x
s+oq'}¡|owxaçÂrO~qmxmxmr t#}xö/qmr}|o¥'~xaw@sQ|v}~Htyq'rtyxù a'çq'~þ}xs^mv}~¢sQ¤Mm/|r|rs^w"x
/qEsdw|rseâKr0sqÂ|£tX|¡xmr/"¡qm|¡ooxdw~s1w"x?¡q?m¡|oxmrty¥mox.}xKoq?Âz}|~Hw~yç|x xsHtMzdt¢|±wx.xsHt@tM~¥s1q'~¢çxm/xmrt
¤yÂ/|r}|rxð/üm/xìs|)¡xEs z}v/xsö ~xmmvEw~x'r tù}x,£ws xmr÷w@s+â pqmrs oxñqmE~xúxñoq
tM~q'rssx6wqm¡|sqdty|v}r}|oroxsMt}v}r}çEw¥'~x +tMv}rErqmrt wxuxEs/mv~ys/w|R}~dtyxOr}}xmrtüdtM~x¤Mm|r|r"s
sv}|oxmrtëmv}r}¤~v}rtyQqdw}ù/üm/xEs&x|¹çxmr}xs&xEsHtMz}+tM|wx suxdtusxv}|oxmrt4}~v}}vsx'~4wr}x{sMw~xmr}mz¥'~x
¡|rtyxO~Hxmrty|v}rs/mz}|~Mw~¢ç|±qmoxseâïRx Â|Uq |oxmrQ'|o}xm/xmrt/sv}r |ov~tyq'r}x w^v|rt}x 6wxux
r}vEtM~x#mv}.q'~qm|sv}ra}xsëq'~mvEw~s tÚ xdtÚut@Oq'~u¡|r'çqm¡|£ty }~vwdtM|lxQwxQr}vEw"suq+|vrs
vEsxO~H xvw~x s/v~¢çqOr}xsçmr}|tyqdw#q'~qt|m|KsO¡|orEx'~sx'~(¦|UxsHt w"s/qm|ÛsuÙoq0tyxsMtMvsÛtyO~¢v}r}x
sHw¤M¤¢|tMá-}x}~vw|l~x¾wrmv}~¢sX|l~|¡wXlwrmv}~¢s-¤MÂ/|¡r}|r}mx}x'~r}|ox'~rmmxEss|£tyqÂr t"wr5v}xmoq'çxlw"s
vEw"ssw|r}xKsxmoxvw}v|l~-üdt~xvEEtyxOrwäwxq'~XM¡|rtyx'~|oqm|~x}x3±qÂz}|~Hw~yç|x6â
ïRxæ.~mmw|¡¡|l~q'çxê5rxKs|çrxqsx'xmr}}qmrty}M¡mw|lqm¡xmrx}x s-mv}~¢s-xdt`}xsX}~yvmmw~xseâÂã1x s
mv}~¢sÚ&t&qmmw|¥'~xÂr t-£w"sRqm|sÂ/xmrt1xdw~fmq'~qm+ty¥'~x
(1 ( )
(
xdt-±xsRmv}~¢s tÚ\lw"sR}|¡¤¢¤M|oÂ|ooxÂ/xmrt
oxdw~?mq'~qmdty¥'~x
1 (
Ùyx'rtyx'r}vrsq'~? ¡q}|¡/xmrs|±vrçmr}|tyqmox}xs?mv}~¢s¢á?wqOr} oxs3mv~ysÚÿt
v}rt/}w"s4}x}|¤¢¤H|o'wty v6tyx'r}|l~4oxdw~4mq'~qdty¥'~x +
1
$"$ax+txEs4mv}~¢s tÚ }ws}xB¤Mqmm|o¡|ty
qmmwO~ |¹~0oxdw~4mqO~qmdty¥'~x
1
/"$aÙyxÂr tyx'r}}v}rsäq'~4 Mxmrsxm.ox}xstM~q'|£ts~xmmv}r}rw"sëmv}x
/q'~wxdw~s}x¤ym5|r|tyx+t&}xqsdw|r|tyOá+âKã1xs#}xdw}mv}rsMt¢|tw}tM|±vrsmv}~¢v}~x'oxs#sv}rt&}v}r}
}vEw}xmxmr t q s¢}/dtM~|wxs(¦ x+w~ v}x mq'v}~qdtM|±vr x+t ±xdw~ q'çxmr}mxm/xmrt oxs
q'~HtM|±dwoq'~|sxmr tâ @|r}qmoxmxmr ty ±xK}~vmxssMw"sR}x3tM~q'rssx'Ewqm¡|sqdtM|±vr4sHwç}ç¥'~x.wx.q.}|sHtM|rdtM|v}rxmr tM~x
mv}~¢s4¤Mm|r}|raxdt4qEsdwo|rr}xÿty|xmrtq s sxdw¡xm/xmrt Boq#|s¢vs|ty|v}rov}~¢çq'r}xEsëvEwù}x t~qÂ|£ts
s¢Â|¤¢|owxEsxmo¡xQt¢|±xÂr t&'çqmoxmxmr t& oq/qmr}|o¥'~xös|rEçEw¡|o¥'~xa}v}rt&|sQsxavrsHtM~Hw|¡sxmr tR¦mxdtotyx
¤yq~|¡qdt¢|±vr qs¢/dtM~|wx xdt ¡x s q'Et¢|£tw}xs mqm~qmdtyO~¢|¡sHty|wxEs w@xmox sHw}vsx÷qs+sMw~q'rt
M¡zdty'~yv}ç'r}m|ty}xsÜ}xdw tExEs-}xv~¢seâ