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STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES USING DYNAMIC BALL-MODEL

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HAL Id: jpa-00230310

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00230310

Submitted on 1 Jan 1990

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES USING

DYNAMIC BALL-MODEL

R. Pino Plasencia, D. Beke, G. Erdélyi, F. Kedves

To cite this version:

R. Pino Plasencia, D. Beke, G. Erdélyi, F. Kedves. STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC

BEHAVIOUR OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES USING DYNAMIC BALL-MODEL. Journal de Physique

Colloques, 1990, 51 (C1), pp.C1-317-C1-322. �10.1051/jphyscol:1990150�. �jpa-00230310�

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COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE

Colloque Cl, supplement au n o l , Tome 51, janvier 1990

STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES USING DYNAMIC BALL-MODEL

R. PIN0 PLASENCIA, D.L. BEKE, G. E R D ~ L Y I and F.J. KEDVES

Department of Solid State Physics, L. Kossuth university, H-4010 Debrecen, PO. Box 2 , Hungary

A b s t r a c t

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T h e s t r u c t u r e s o f s y m m e t r i c a l L l l l 7 t i l t b o u n d a r i e s , f o r m e d i n a t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l a r r a y o f s t e e l b a l l s p l a c e d ( b e t w e e n t w o g l a s s - s h e e t s ) i n t o a n a l t e r n a t i n g m a g n e t i c f i e l d , w e r e i n v e s t i g a t e d . I t w a s o b s e r v e d t h a t c o i n c i d e n c e 2 1 3 , 2 3 9 , 2 7 , 1 1 9 , . a n d 5 3 7 b o u n d a r i e s w e r e m o r e o r l e s s o r d e r e d a n d t h e i r s t r u c t u r e c a n b e c o m p o s e d o f m i x t u r e s o f t w o ( s l i g h t l y d i s t o r t e d ) s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s . D i f f e r e n t d e f e c t s ( e . g . v o l u m e - a n d g r a i n - b o u n d a r y d i s l o c a t i o n s , s t e p s , f a c e t i n g ) c a n a l s o b e o b s e r v e d ; t h e i r p r e s e n c e c a u s e d d i f f i c u l t i e s i n i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e p e r i o d i c i t y i n b o u n d a r i e s i n v e s t i g a t e d . I t w a s s h o w n f o r a n a s y m m e t r i c a l Z 7 b o u n d a r y t h a t e n e r g e t i c a l l y a c u r v e d b o u n d a r y w a s m o r e f a v o u r a b l e t h a n a p l a n e one.

H a v i n g i n c r e a s e d t h e i n t e n s i t y o f t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d t h e d y n a m i c p r o p e r - t i e s o f g r a i n - b o u n d a r i e s ( g r a i n - b o u n d a r y m i g r a t i o n , d i f f u s i o n ) c a n a l s o b e v i s u a l i z e d by a v i d e o t a p e - r e c o r d i n g .

1

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I N T R O D U C T I O N

The p r o p e r t i e s o f s o a p b u b b l e s f l o a t i n g o n t h e s u r f a c e o f w a t e r a r e v e r y much l i k e t h o s e o f t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l c r y s t a l . T h e s t u d y o f g r a i n - b o u n d a r y , G B , s t r u c - t u r e w i t h t h i s m o d e l h a d a n i m p o r t a n t i n f l u e n c e o n t h e t h e o r y o f G B s t r u c t u r e . F o r e x a m p l e , Lomer a n d Nye / l / h a v e s h o w n t h i s way t h a t a s m a l l a n g l e GB c o n - s i s t o f a n a r r a y o f d i s l o c a t i o n s a n d t h e m o d e l i s w i d e l y u s e d a s i l l u s t r a t i o n s i n t e x t b o o k s a s w e l l . L a t e r o n , o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e m o r e p r e s i c e k n o w l e d g e o f t h e a t o m i c c o n f i g u r a t i o n s i n G B s ( e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p i c o b s e r v a t i o n s , c o m p u t e r s i m u l a t i o n s ) t h e m o d e l b e c a m e u s e f u l a g a i n / 2 / b e c a u s e t h e d e t e r m i n e d c o n f i g u - r a t i o n w a s v e r y much l i k e t h a t o f t h e b u b b l e r a f t b o u n d a r y . F o r e x a m p l e , a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e c o m p u t e r d e t e r m i n a t i o n w h e r e o n e h a s t o w o r r y a b o u t m u l t i p l e m i n i m a ( s e e e . g . / 3 / ) a n d t h e i n h e r e n t p r o b l e m s o f t h e p a i r - w i s e p o t e n t i a l s / 4 / u s e d . " e x p e r i m e n t s " w i t h t h e a b o v e m o d e l c o u l d t e l l t h e t y p e o f s t a b l e o r m e t a - s t a b l e c o n f i g u r a t i o n s w i t h t h e s a m e c o i n c i d e n c e o r i e n t a t i o n r e l a t i o n s h i p s . I n t h i s r e s p e c t we c i t e t h e p a p e r o f Y. I s h i d a / 2 / w h e r e i t w a s i l l u s t r a t e d by s e - v e r a l e x a m p l e s t h a t t h i s v i s u a l m o d e l may p r o m o t e y e t m o r e new i d e a s .

H o w e v e r , t h e c l a s s i c a l b u b b l e r a f t m o d e l h a s a d i s a d v a n t a g e b e c a u s e i n t h i s t h e o r d e r e d s t r u c t u r e s a r e l i k e l y t o o c c u r m o r e r a r e l y t h a n i n m e t a l s . T h e t h e r - m a l d i f f u s i o n i n r e a l s t r u c t u r e s m a k e s e a s i e r t o f i n d m o r e o r d e r e d s t r u c t u r e s ( o f l o w e r e n e r g y ) . A l t h o u g h t h e m e c h a n i c a l v i b r a t i o n o f t h e r a f t c o G l d b e a way t o s o l v e t h e p r o h l e m , i t s e e m s b e t t e r t o l o o k f o r a m o d e l i n w h i c h t h e t h e r m a l

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1990150

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Cl-318 COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE

v i b r a t i o n s ( a n d d i f f u s i o n ) a r e m o r e n a t u r a l l y i n c l u d e d .

T h e m o d e l c o n s t r u c t e d by L o n g i n o v / 5 , 6 / h a s t w o a d v a n t a g e s a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e b u b b l e r a f t m o d e l : t h i s i s a r e a l d y n a m i c m o d e l a n d t h e a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e

" a t o m s " i s m o r e l o o s e i n t h e s e n s e t h a t t h e y d o n o t t o u c h e a c h o t h e r d i r e c t l y . T h i s m o d e l c o n s i s t o f a t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l a r r a y o f s t e e l - b a l l s

-

b e t w e e n t w o g l a s s s h e e t s

-

w h i c h i s p l a c e d i n t o a n a l t e r n a t i n g m a g n e t i c f i e l d p e r p e n d i c u - l a r l y t o t h e l i n e s o f f o r c e . When t h e e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t

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a n d s o t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d

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i n t h e c o i l s i s s m a l l we g e t a p e r i o d i c t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l s t r u c t u r e . The l a t t i c e c o n s t a n t d e p e n d s o n t h e d e n s i t y o f b a l l s . T h e p e r i o d i c a r r a y f o r m s b e - c a u s e o f t h e r e p u l s i o n b e t w e e n f e r r o m a g n e t i c b a l l s a n d t h e e f f e c t o f a f r a m e w h i c h d o n o t a l l o w t h e b a l l s t o move a w a y f r o m e a c h q t h e r . T h e i n t e r a c t i o n s b e - t w e e n t h e b a l l s a r e a n a l o g o u s t o t h e i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n a t o m s i n a r e a 1 , c r y s - t a l s s i n c e i n b o t h c a s e s t h e p o t e n t i a l e n e r g y o f o n e a t o m , a s a f u n c t i o n o f d i s t a n c e , r , h a s a minimum a t t h e e q u i l i b r i u m p o s i t i o n . O b v i o u s l y , f o r e x a m p l e t h e s h a p e o f t h e s e p o t e n t i a l s ( i . e . t h e r - d e p e n d e n c e ) a r e n o t e x p e c t e d t o b e t h e s a m e , b u t a s i t i s r e f l e c t e d b y a s e t o f w e l l - k n o w n e m p i r i c a l r e l a t i o n s b e - t w e e n d i f f e r e n t b u l k p r o p e r t i e s o f c r y s t a l s t h a t t h e d e p e n d e n c e o n t h e s h a p e o f t h e p o t e n t i a l s h a s a s e c o n d a r y i m p o r t a n c e ( s e e e . g . / 7 / ) i n t h e a b o v e r e l a t i o n s ( f o r s m a l l e x c i t a t i o n s t h e p o t e n t i a l c a n w e l l b e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e q u a d r a t i c f u n c t i o n s o f r ) .

I n t h i s p a p e r t h e s t r u c t u r e s a n d d y n a m i c b e h a v i o u r o f s y m m e t r i c a l c o i n c i d e n - c e L 1 1 1 7 t i l t b o u n d a r i e s a r e i n v e s t i g a t e d w i t h t h e h e l p o f a m o d i f i e d L o n g i n o v - m o d e l , c o n s t r u c t i n g s p e c i a l f r a m e s .

2

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EXPERIMENTAL

I n o u r m o d e l - e x p e r i m e n t s a s i m i l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e c o i l s a n d s i m i l a r a r r a n - g e m e n t o f b a l l s b e t w e e n t w o g l a s s - s h e e t s w e r e u s e d a s d e s c r i b e d i n / 5 / . H o w e v e r , i n o r d e r t o make t h e e q u i p m e n t m o r e e a s i l y s u p p l i e d w i t h e l e c t r o n i c c u r r e n t i t w a s m o d i f i e d i n s i z e o f t h e c o i l s a n d t h e d i a m e t e r s o f w i r e s c a r r y i n g a maximum e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t l e s s t h a n 1 8 a m p e r e s ( i n s t e a d o f t h e o r i g i n a l l y n e c e s s a r y 5 0 a m p e r e s ) . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e s i z e o f t h e s t e e l b a l l s w a s a l s o r e d u c e d ( 1 . 6 m m i n d i a m e t e r i n s t e a d o f 2 . 4 mm / 6 / ) . W i t h t h e h e l p o f t w o p o t e n t i o m e t e r s we c o u l d c o n t i n u o u s l y r e g u l a t e t h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d b y c h a n g i n g t h e e l e c - t r i c c u r r e n t i n t h e c o i l s .

I n o r d e r t o p r o d u c e GBs w i t h w e l l - d e f i n e d m i s o r i e n t a t i o n a n g l e s , we c o n - s t r u c t e d s p e c i a l f r a m e s f r o m p l e x i g l a s s . S i n c e o u r t w o d i m e n s i o n a l " c r y s t a l "

h a s a s i x f o l d s y m m e t r y ( w h i c h c o r r e s p o n d t o { l 1 1 1 p l a n e s i n c u b i c s t r u c t u r e s ) o n l y t i l t b o u n d a r i e s may b e o b s e r v e d w i t h a r o t a t i o n a x i s C 1 1 U . A c c o r d i n g l y , t h e f r a m e s w e r e c o n s t r u c t e d i n s u c h a way t h a t a l l a n g l e s b e t w e e n t h e i r c o r n e r s w e r e e q u a l t o 1 2 0 d e g r e e e x c e p t t h e t w o v e r t i c a l l y o p p o s i n g o n e s . T h e s e a n g l e s a r e d e t e r m i n e d b y s p e c i a l t i l t a n g l e s , Q-

,

o f t h e g i v e n b o u n d a r i e s : t h e y b o t h w e r e e q u a l t o 1 2 0 - V ( o r t o 19- i n t h e c o n c a v e f r a m e ) s e e F i g . 1 f o r 5 7 b o - u n d a r y . I f t h e p o s i t i o n s o f t h e a b o v e t w o a n g l e s a r e s y m m e t r i c a l ( i . e . t h e f r a m e i s s y m m e t r i c a l ) we h a v e a s y m m e t r i c a l t i l t b o u n d a r y : T h e u s e o f t h e v a l u e o f 1 2 0 d e g E e e f o r a l l t h e a n g l e s c o r r e s p o n d s a l s o t o t h e p e r i o d i c a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e w h o l e c r y s t a l . I n t h i s c a s e

-

a l t h o u g h we g e n e r a l l y u s e d a b o u t 2 0 0 0 b a l l s

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t h e e d g e e f f e c t s c a u s e d b y t h e f r a m e w e r e p r o b a b l y s m a l l .

S i n c e i n o u r m o d e l t h e d y n a m i c b e h a v i o u r i s a l s o i n c l u d e d t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e b o u n d a r i e s w a s p r o d u c e d b y " h e a t i n g u p " t h e c r y s t a l t o t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s h i g h e n o u g h t o a c h i e v e a r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e s t r u c t u r e w i t h i n s e v e r a l s e c o n d s . I n s o m e c a s e s t h e s e s t r u c t u r e s w e r e n o t v e r y s t a b l e : s m a l l s h a k i n g o f t h e f r a m e l e d t o a c h a n g e i n t h e s t r u c t u r e o r t h e t h e r m a l v i b r a t i o n s a l s o i n i t i a t e d s t r u c - t u r a l m o d i f i c a t i o n s . ( T h i s b e h a v i o u r w a s e s p e c i a l l y t y p i c a l f o r a s y m m e t r i c a l 2 7 , s y m m e t r i c a l Z 1 3 , a n d 5 3 7 b o u n d a r i e s . ) T h e a r r a n g e m e n t p r o d u c e d i n t h e a b o v e way w e r e " f r o z e n i n " a n d a n a l y s e d . F o r t h e o b s e r v a t i o n o f t h e d y n a m i c b e h a v i o u r t h e s e s t r u c t u r e s w e r e s l o w l y h e a t e d u p a n d t h e e f f e c t o f t h e r m a l e x c i t a t i o n s w a s f o l l o w e d by v i d e o t a p e - r e c o r d i n g s .

. 3

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RESULTS AND-DISCUSSION

T h e o b t a i n e d s t r u c t u r e s f o r a l l t i l t b o u n d a r i e s i n v e s t i g a t e d a r e s h o w n o n F i g s . 1 t o 7 .

Wang e t a l . / 8 / i n v e s t i g a t e d t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e s a m e t i l t b o u n d a r i e s i n t h r e e d i m e n s i o n a l c o m p u t e r s i m u l a t i o n . I t w a s o b t a i n e d t h a t t h e s t r u c t u r e c a n b e c o m p o s e d o f a f e w s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s . T h e G B s w h i c h a r e c o n s t r u c t e d o f o n l y

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F in.1. S t r u c t u r e of t h e s y n h e - t r i c a l q r a i n A and B a r e t h e s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s and-P represel t h e sequence expected t o be a p e r i o d i c u n i t of boundary ( s e e Table 1 ) .

F i g . 2. S t r u c t u r e o f t h e E 1 9 s boundary. m e t r i c a l b o u n d a r y

n t s

F i g . 3 . S t r u c t u r e o f t h e 2 3 7 s y m m e t r i c a l F i g . 4 . S t r u c t u r e o f t h e 2 3 9 s y m m e t -

b o u n d a r y r i c a l b o u n d a r y

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COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE

structure of the 2 1 3 symmetrical b o u n d a ~

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Faceting on the X 1 3 symmetrical boundary

F i g . 7. S t r u c t u r e s o f t h e a s y m m e t r i c a l b o u n d a r y

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one s h o r t p e r i o d u n i t c a l l e d f a v o u r e d b o u n d a r i e s a n d a l l l o n g p e r i o d b o u n d a r i e s i n t h e m i s o r i e n t a t i o n r a n g i n g b e t w e e n t w o f a v o u r e d o n e s c a n b e decomposed i n t o s t r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t s o f t h e s e f a v o u r e d o n e s ( s e e T a b l e 1 w h e r e o n l y t h r e e u n i t s E , F , a n d F ' a r e u s e d ) . I n o r d e r t o make a c o m p a r i s o n w i t h t h e i r r e s u l t s we c a n a l s o c o n s t r u c t " s t ~ u c t u r a l u n i t s " i n t w o d i r n c n s i o n s b y a s i m p l e i n s p e c t i o n o f n e i g h b o u r i n g a t o m s f o r m i n g o n e t y p i c a l u n i t i n a g i v e n p l a n e . O f c o u r s e , t h i s p r o c e d u r e c a n b e somewhat a r b i t r a r y b u t t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s i n c o m p u t e r s i m u l a t i o n s a l s o h a s a n a r b i t r a r y c h a r a c t e r . F i g . 1 a l s o i l l u s t r a t e s t h e t w o s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s u s e d b y us.(A c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e p e r f e c t c r y s t a l a n d B t o a d i s l o c a t i o n c o r e ) . A l l o w i n g s l i g h t d i s t o r t i o n s o f t h e a b o v e u n i t s ( a n d t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h e p r e s e n c e o f d e f e c t s s u c h a s e.g. GB s t e p s ) we c o u l d compose a l l b o u n d a r i e s i n v e s t i g a t e d w i t h t h e h e l p o f t h e s e t w o u n i t s .

T a b l e 1. (1117 s y m m e t r i c a l t i l t b o u n d a r i e s / 8 /

S t r u c t u r e s

EEEF (EEEF)

EEF.EEF ( E E F 1 . E E F ' ) EEFEF (EEFEF' o r E E F ' E F ) EF.EF ( E F ' . E F 1 )

EFF.EFF EFFF .EFFF F ( F ! )

I n c o m p u t e r s i m u l a t i o n s i t i s u s u a l l y i n c l u d e d t h a t t h e p e r i o d i c i t y o f t h e CSL i n t h e b o u n d a r y p l a n e i s m a i n t a i n e d . A c c o r d i n g l y , a l l c o i n c i d e n c e b o u n d a - r i e s a r e p e r i o d i c a l w i t h p e r i o d s g i v e n b y c e r t a i n c o m b i n a t i o n s o f t h e s t r u c t u r e u n i t s ( s e e T a b l e 1.). N o t e t h a t i n / 8 / t h e m u l t i p l i c i t y o f t h e s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s

-

F o r F ' i n t h e i r n o t a t i o n s

-

was e m p h a s i z e d s h o w i n g t h a t t h e s e b o u n d a r i e s c a n h a v e m o r e t h a n one m e t a s t a b l e c o n f i g u r a t i o n s . H o w e v e r , i n o u r s y s t e m t h e r e i s n o t a n y p r e s c r i p t i o n f o r t h e p e r i o d i c i t y a n d s o t h e c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e " r e a l "

s t r u c t u r e s o f t h e b o u n d a r y o b t a i n e d i n o u r m o d e l a n d t h o s e g i v e n b y c o m p u t e r s i m u l a t i o n s w i l l b e i n t e r e s t i n g .

The f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s c a n b e d r a w n f r o m t h e F i g s 1 t o 7 :

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A l l b o u n d a r i e s h a v e f e w GB s t e p s : t h e i r h e i g h t i s u s u a l l y l e s s t h a n t h e l a t t i c e p a r a m e t e r ,

a.

They a r e i n d i c a t e d b y h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s o n t h e f i g u r e s .

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The s t r u c t u r e s o f t h e GBs c a n b e composed o f A a n d B u n i t s . T h e y a r e u s u a l - l y s l i g h t l y d i s t o r t e d a n d s e v e r a l c a s e s r o t a t e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e p o s i t i o n s d e f i n e d b y t h e o t h e r u n i t s ( s e e e . g . u n i t s d e n o t e d b y B ' i n F i g s 2., 4 a n d 5 ) .

-

The s e q u e n c e o f t h e u n i t s

-

e v e n i f we do n o t r e g a r d t h e d e f e c t s c a u s e d b y s t e p s

-

u s u a l l y d o e s n o t f o l l o w t h e r u l e o b t a i n e d f r o m c o m p u t e r s i m u l a t i o n s . I n t h o s e c a s e s when i n some p a r t s o f t h e GB t h e s e q u e n c e was t h e same a s p r e - d i c t e d ( s e e T a b l e l.), we i n d i c a t e d i t o n t h e F i g u r e s b y P . From t h e d i s t r i b u - t i o n o f t h e s e r e p e a t i n g c e l l s we c a n c o n c l u d e t h a t t h e s t r u c t u r e s a r e n o t p e - r i o d i c a l . A s i m i l a r c o n c l u s i o n was o b t a i n e d i n / 9 / w h e r e t h e s t r u c t u r e s o f t i l t GBs i n MO w e r e i n v e s t i g a t e d b y HREM.

-

We c a n e s t a b l i s h a s e q u e n c e o f i n c r e a s i n g o r d e r i n t h e b o u n d a r i e s d e f i n i n g t h e r a t i o o f t h e number o f s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s i n P r e p e a t u n i t s a n d t h e number o f a l l s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s i n t h e b o u n d a r y . A c c o r d i n g l y t h i s s e q u e n c e c a n b e g i v e n a s f o l l o w s ( t h e b r a c k e t s c o n t a i n t h e a b o v e r a t i o s ) :

E39 ( 0 . 3 7 ) ; Z 1 3 ( 0 . 4 4 ) ; 9 ( 0 . 5 7 ) ; 2 3 7 ( 0 . 6 5 ) 2 7 ( 0 . 8 ) . , T h u s t h e 2 7 b o u n d a r y h a s t h e m o s t o r d e r e d , c l o s e t o p e r i o d i c a l s t r u c t u r e .

-

The r a t i o o f t h e number o f A a n d B u n i t s i n t h e GB, c a n b e com- p a r e d t o t h e same r a t i o i n a n i d e a l p e r i o d i c b o u n d a r y ( s e e T a b l e 1.) E x p e c t o n l y f o r t h e E 1 9 b o u n d a r y , t h e R = n A / B / n \ / B v a l u e s d i f f e r l e s s t h a n 30% f r o m 1 ( R = 1 . 2 5 ; 1 . 7 1 ; 1.30; 0.87.; 0 ; 9 2 ; f o r 5 7 ; Z 1 9 ; 5 3 7 ; Z 3 9 a n d E 1 3 GBs, r e s p e c t i v e l y ) .

-

I n F i g . 1. t w o v a c a n c i e s i n t h e b o u n d a r y c a n b e o b s e r v e d . They a r e v a c a n - c i e s i n t h e B u n i t s ( l a b e l l e d b y B ' i n t h e F i g u r e s ) . The s t r u c t u r e a r o u n d t h e v a c a n c y i s q u i t e r e l a x e d ; t h e i r p r e s e n c e c a n b e v i s u a l l y r e c o g n i z e d o n l y b y o b s e r v i n g some d i s t u r b a n c e i n t h e o t h e r w i s e o r d e r e d s e q u e n c e o f P u n i t s .

-

F i g . 6. shows f a c e t i n g i n t h e X13 b o u n d a r y . T h i s s t r u c t u r a l m o d i f i c a t i o n was m o r e f r e q u e n t l y o b s e r v e d t h a n t h e s t r a i g h t s o n e i n d i c a t i n g t h a t i t c o r r e s - p o n d s t o a m o r e ( m e t a l s t a b l e s t a t e . The b o u n d a r y l i n e s i n t h e f a c e t s a r e

(7)

Cl-322 COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE

parallel t o t h e c l o s e packed r o w s o f a t o m s i n one o f t h e grains.

-

Fig.7. s h o w s t h e structure modifications o f a n asymmetrical C 7 boundary.

T h e curved s h a p e w a s more frequently observed indicating again t h a t t h e straight boundary would have h i g h e r energy. I t i s worth.noting t h a t t h e a s y m m e t r i c a l s t r a i g h t G B i s parallel t o t h e close packed r o w s o f t h e grain on t h e r i g h t hand s i d e o f Fig. 7. Although in t h e c a s e o f t h e C 1 3 s y m m e t r i c a l boundary t h e f a c e t s had t h e s a m e o r i e n t a t i o n s , here t h e curved boundary s e e m s t o be m o r e stable. C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e energy o f t h e straight X 7 boundary and probably t h e energy o f second boundary l i n e i n t h e l o w e r part o f Fig. 7b. a r e l o w e r t h a n t h e corresponding energy o f t h e straight asymmetrical X 7 boundary.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

O n e o f t h e a u t h o r s (G. Erdelyi) t h a n k s t h e Alexander von Humboldt Foundation f o r f i n a n c i a l support.

REFERENCES

L o m e r , W.M. and N y e , J.F., Proc. Roy. S o c .

212

(1952) 5 7 6

I s h i d a , Y. i n "Grain Boundary S t r u c t u r e and Properties" (eds. C h a d w i c k , G.A. and S m i t h , D.A.) A c a d e m i c P r e s s , London (1973) p 7 3

S u t t o n , A.P. and V i t e k , V., Trans. Roy. Soc. London (1983) 1 H a h n , W. Ph.D. t h e s i s , Univ. d e s S a a r l a n d e s , 1 9 8 4

L o n g i n o v , M.F., Fiz. Metal. i. Metalloved. (in Russian)

7

(1969) 1 0 4 L o n g i n o v , M.F. and N o s a c h , V . F . , F i z . Metal. i. Metalloved. (in Russian) 3 1 (1971) 5 6 2

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B e k e , D.L., P r o c e e d i n g s o f D I M E T A - B 8 (will be published by T r a n s T e c h in 1989) p 1 2 7

W a n g , G.J., S u t t o n , A.P. and V i t e k , V., Acta Met. 3 2 (1984) 1 0 9 3

P e n i s s o n , J.M., Nowicki, T. and B i s c o n d i , M., P h i l T ~ a g . (1988) 947

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