HAL Id: jpa-00225350
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00225350
Submitted on 1 Jan 1985
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of
sci-entific research documents, whether they are
pub-lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.
AN INTERNAL FRICTION PEAK DUE TO DEEP
COOLING INDUCED MARTENSITE IN 18-8 TYPE
STAINLESS STEEL
H. Chen, J. Zhu, N. Igata
To cite this version:
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE
Colloque C10, supplBment au n012, Tome 46, dBcembre 1985 page C10-653
AN INTERNAL FRICTION PEAK DUE TO DEEP COOLING INDUCED MARTENSITE IN 18-8 TYPE STAINLESS STEEL
H.B. CHEN, J.Q. ZHU AND N. IGATA'
Department of Metals and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
'Department
of
Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JapanAbstract
-
An i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n peak associated w i t h m a r t e n s i t e induced a t low temperature i n 18-8 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l was observed. The mechanism o f t h e peak i s considered t o be t h e same as t h a t f o r t h e Snoek peak i n a - i r o n .I
-
INTRODUCTIONThere a r e many i n v e s t i g a t i o n s on t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n peak which i s considered t o be due t o stress-induced m a r t e n s i t e i n 18-8 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l s . However t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n behavior o f t h e m a r t e n s i t e induced by low temperature c o o l i n g i n t h i s s t e e l has not been i n v e s t i g a t e d s u f f i c i e n t l y . I n t h e present work, an i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n peak associated w i t h t h e m a r t e n s i t e induced a t low temperature was observed i n 18-8 s t a i n l e s s s t e e l . The o b j e c t i v e o f t h e work was t o show t h a t t h e r e l a x a t i o n
phenomena were i d e n t i c a l and Snoek peak was t h e same f o r b o t h k i n d s o f martensite, t h e s t r e s s induced m a r t e n s i t e and t h e deeply-cooled martensite.
I I
-
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREA l l o f t h e s t e e l specimens were heated t o 1373K f o r 1 5 minutes and quenched i n t o water. Some were then cooled t o 77K f o r 30 minutes and some o t h e r s were tempered a t 473K f o r 120 minutes. Magnetic measurements were used t o determine whether t h e y-a t r a n s f o r m a t i o n took place d u r i n g deep-cooling. I n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n was measured b o t h by t r a n s v e r s e v i b r a t i o n o f t h i n rods a t 500
Hz
and w i t h t h e t o r s i o n pendulum a t 2.94 Hz.I 1 1
-
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n curves measured by t h e t r a n s v e r s e v i b r a t i o n technique a r e shown i n Fig. 1. Curve "a" showed a peak a t 360K f o r a specimen which had been cooled t o 120K i n t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n apparatus. A magnetic t e s t showed t h a t t h e y-a t r a n s f o r m a t i o n had taken place i n t h e specimen a f t e r i t had been cooled. On t h e o t h e r hand, no peak appeared i n t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n measurement f o r a specimen which had n o t been cooled p r i o r t o t h e higher temperature measurement, curve "b". These r e s u l t s show t h a t t h e i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n peak a t 360K f o r a frequency o f 500
Hz
i s associated w i t h t h e m a r t e n s i t e induced by t h e p r i o r c o o l i n g t o 120K.S i m i l a r r e s u l t s were obtained f o r measurements made i n t h e t o r s i o n pendulum. No peak appeared f o r t h e specimen which had not been cooled below room temperature, Fig. 2, curve "a". Curves "b" and "d" i n Fig. 2 show a peak a t 300K f o r a frequency
JOURNAL
DE
PHYSIQUEFig.
1.
Internal f r i c t i o n curves measured by transverse
vibration method f o r the solution t r e a t e d specimens.
2.0-
*
0.-
# 1.2 C I uo
,
,
a.
measured from
120K
b.
measured from
290K
-
ab
-
/=e-
I I 101 I I,
280
290
300
31 0
320
330
Temperature,K
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
Temperature,K
F i g .
2.
Internal f r i c t i o n curves measured by torsion
pendul urn method
specimens
:a. solution t r e a t e d , b. d-deeply cooled
a t
77Kf o r
30
min. a f t e r solution treatment,
c.
aged a t
473Kf o r
120
min. a f t e r treatment as
same as b and d.
o f 2.9 Hz and a peak a t 306K f o r a frequency o f 4 Hz, both f o r specimens which had been.cooled t o 77K f o r 30 minutes. Magnetic measurements showed t h a t t h e y - a
t r a n s f o r m a t i o n took p l a c e o n l y f o r t h e specimens cooled t o 77K. Therefore t h i s peak i s considered t o be due t o t h e low temperature induced martensite. Curve "c" shows t h a t t h e peak disappeared f o r t h e specimen tempered a t 473K f o r 2 hours.
The p o s i t i o n s o f these peaks can be used t o show Arrhenius r e l a t i o n s h i p between measurement frequency and p o s i t i o n o f t h e peak. That p l o t i s shown i n Fig. 3. One
sees t h a t t h e peaks f o r b o t h types o f m a r t e n s i t e f a l l along t h e same Arrhenius l i n e . TP5 a t t i v a t i o n energy f o r t h e peak i s 0.92 eV and t h e frequency f a c t o r i s 6.3 x 10 s
.
Therefore b o t h peaks must have t h e same o r i g i n . This peak i s considered t o be Snoek peak, because o f t h e s i m i l a r i t i e s o f t h e a c t i v a t i o n energy and t h e frequency f a c t o r w i t h measurements made f o r carbon i n a-iron. It i s a l s o reasonable t h a t t h e peak h e i g h t increases w i t h t h e t o t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f s o l u t e carbon and nitrogen, as shown i n Fig. 4.._-
stress indu. mart.
*-
deep cool. mart.
' 0
\
u
i
I
Fig. 4. R e l a t i o n o f the s o l u t e carbon
I and n i t r o g e n concentration and
t h e peak h e i g h t o f t h e s t r e s s
I induced m a r t e n s i t e o f 18-8
type s t a i n l e s s s t e e l
141.
Fig. 3. R e l a t i o n s h i p between peak temperature and measurement frequency o f t h e s t r e s s induced m a r t e n s i t e and t h e deeply cooled m a r t e n s i t e o f 18-8 type s t a i n l e s s s t e e l .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors a r e very g r a t e f u l t o M r . K. Miyahara o f U n i v e r s i t y o f Tokyo f o r h i s k i n d h e l p w i t h some experimental work.
REFERENCES
1. V. R. Raraz, S. W. Grachev and L. D. Rolshchikov, Steel i n t h e USSR.
2. S. A. Goldvin and K. N. Belkin, FMM, 1965, 20 (5), 763.
