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Annual Report of the Canadian Section of the International Society of
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering for Year Ending June 1962
including membership list of Canadian Section
Crawford, C. B.; Butler, J.
https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits
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NATIONAL RESEA.RCH COUNCIL O F CANADA
ASSOCIATE C O M M I T T E E ON S O I L AND SNOW MECHANICS
ANNUAL R E P O R T O F T H E
CANADIAN SECTION O F T H E
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY O F S O I L MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
F O R YEAR ENDING J U N E 1962 A N A L Y Z E D INCLUDING M E M B E R S H I P LIST O F T H E CANADIAN SECTION
P r e p a r e d b y
C. B. C r a w f o r d and M i s s J. B u t l e r
T e c h n i c a l M e m o r a n d u m No. 7 5
OTTAWA A u g u s t 1962
( i i ) T A B L E O F CONTENTS P a g e 1 . S o i l P r o p e r t i e s a n d T h e i r M e a s u r e m e n t 2 . T e c h n i q u e s of F i e l d M e a s u r e m e n t and S a m p l i n g 3. F o u n d a t i o n s of S t r u c t u r e s : ( a ) G e n e r a l S u b j e c t s a n d F o u n d a t i o n s o t h e r t h a n P i l e d F o u n d a t i o n s ( b ) P i l i n g a n d P i l e d F o u n d a t i o n s 4. R o a d s , R u n w a y s and R a i l - T r a c k s 5. E a r t h P r e s s u r e on S t r u c t u r e s and T u n n e l s 6. E a r t h D a m s , S l o p e s a n d O p e n E x c a v a t i o n s A P P E N D I X "A"
-
A l p h a b e t i c a l L i s t of M e m b e r s of t h e C a n a d i a n S e c t i o n of t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o c i e t y of S o i l M e c h a n i c s . A P P E N D I X "B"-
L i s t of M e m b e r s A s s o c i a t e d w i t h O r g a n i z a t i o n s . A P P E N D I X "C"-
M e m b e r s ' P u b l i c a t i o n s s i n c e J u n e 1961. A P P E N D I X "D"-
A c t i v e G r a d u a t e T h e s i s W o r k Known t o M e m b e r s . A P P E N D I X "E"-
S u g g e s t i o n s of N e e d e d R e s e a r c h .1. SOIL P R O P E R T I E S AND THEIR MEASUREMENT H. G. A c r e s & Company L i m i t e d : ( a ) L a b o r a t o r y s t u d i e s of the e n g i n e e r i n g p r o p e r t i e s of highly p l a s t i c c l a y s , including e v a l u a t i o n of the e f f e c t s of r a t e of s t r a i n i n u p d r a i n e d t r i a x i a l t e s t s on the m e a s u r e d v a l u e s of the p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e and e f f e c t i v e s t r e s s p a r a m e t e r s . (b) Continuation of l a b o r a t o r y r e s e a r c h on s h e a r s t r e n g t h and c o m p r e s s i b i l i t y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of p l a s t i c and n o n - p l a s t i c t i l l s , l a c u s t r i n e , and m a r i n e c l a y s , ( c ) Development s t u d i e s on a r n a c h i n e f o r t r i a x i a l t e s t i n g of l a r g e s a m p l e s of c o a r s e g r a n u l a r m a t e r i a l s u n d e r high confining p r e s s u r e s .
L.
J. Chapman:An i m p a c t t e s t to m e a s u r e the c o n s i s t e n c y of the s o i l on the s u r f a c e of d i r t r a c e t r a c k s w a s developerl a n d i s b e i n g stadiecl.
Do F. C o a t e s :
Continuing s t u d i e s of t r i a x i a l s t r e n g t h v a r i a t i o n with d e n s i t y , m o i s t u r e content and s t r a i n r a t e on coxnpacted m i x e d g r a i n s o i l s . Division of Building R e s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h Council:
Work on t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s h e a r s t r e n g t h p r o p e r t i e s of s o i l s w a s continued. S p e c i m e n s of s e n s i t i v e m a r i n e clay. and of the hj.ghly p l a s t i c l a c u s t r i n e c l a y s f r o m w e s t e r n C a n a d a w e r e s u b j e c t e d to v a r i o u s s t r e s s p a t h s to f a i l u r e . T h e influence on s t r e n g t h p a r a r n e t e r s of s t r a i n , of unequal consolidation b e f o r e s h e a r , and of unequal p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e
t h r o u g h the s p e c i m e n d u r i n g s h e a r w a s studied. A s e t - u p u s i n g a c o m m e r c i a l l y a v a i l a b l e p r e s s u r e t r a n s d u c e r w a s developed and is b e i n g put i n t o o p e r a t i o n . C y c l i c a l t r i a x i a l c o m p r e s s i o n t e s t s w e r e made on t i l l s a m p l e s t o study the e l a s t i c p r o p e r t i e s of the s o i l .
A s y s t e m a t i c i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the i n f l u e n c e of s i z e a n d s h a p e of c o n s o l i d a t i o n r i n g i s being c a r r i e d out on s p e c i m e n s cut f r o m u n d i s t u r b e d block s a m p l e s of m a r i n e c l a y . F u r t h e r inforri2ation is b e i n g obtained on t h e c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n p r e c o n s o l i d a t i o n p r e s s u r e a n d e l e v a t i o n of m a r i n e c l a y i n the Ottawa a r e a .
I n v e s t i g a t i o n of the p h y s i c o - c h e m i c a l i n f l u e n c e of e l e c t r o l y t e s on t h e b e h a v i o u r of L e d a c l a y , p a r t i c u l a r l y the s h e a r s t r e n g t h and the s e n s i t i v i t y , i s being c a r r i e d out.
T h e o r i e n t a t i o n of c l a y m i n e r a l s i n n a t u r a l c l a y s i s b e i n g s t u d i e d u s i n g o p t i c a l r e f r a c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s on thin s e c t i o n s . T h e r m a l conductivity of L e d a c l a y h a s b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f o r v a r i o u s d e n s i t i e s and c l a y c o n t e n t u s i n g s t e a d y s t a t e h e a t flow t e c h n i q u e s . T e s t s a r e m a d e i n n a t u r a l s o i l s a n d i n a n i s o t r o p i c a l l y c o n s o l i d a t e d s p e c i m e n s i n o r d e r to a s s e s s the i n f l u e n c e of o r i e n t a t i o n of c l a y m i n e r a l s on t h e m e a s u r e d t h e r m a l conductivity. T h e m a p p i n g of t h e a r e a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of p e r m a f r o s t i n C a n a d a w a s continued t h r o u g h t h e c o l l e c t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e t e c h n i c a l and s c i e n t i f i c l i t e r a t u r e , f i e l d o b s e r v a t i o n s and by m e a n s of a q u e s t i o n n a i r e c i r c u l a t e d to n o r t h e r n s e t t l e m e n t s . An i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g t h e a c c u r a t e f i e l d m e a s u r e m e n t of g r o u n d t e m p e r a t u r e s u s i n g t h e r m o c o u p l e s w a s begun. T h i s s t u d y i n c l u d e s a r e v i e w of t h e m e t h o d s and t e c h n i q u e s of m e a s u r e - m e n t , i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n p r e s e n t l y u s e d , a n d t h e f a b r i c a t i o n of thermoc.ouple c a b l e s . E c o l e P o l v t e c h n i a u e : M o b i l i z e d p a r a m e t e r s of s h e a r r e s i s t a n c e i n r e l a t i o n t o s o i l d e f o r m a t i o n d e r i v e d f r o m e a r t h p r e s s u r e e x p e r i m e n t s a n d c a l c u l a t i o n s . D. G. Hubley:
Study of the s o i l s a l o n g t h e U n i v e r s i t y Avenue Subway R o u t e a n d c o r r e l a t i o n with t h e g e n e r a l g e o l o g i c a l h i s t o r y of t h e T o r o n t o a r e a a s r e p o r t e d by o t h e r i n v e s t i g a t o r s .
Study of the o c c u r r e n c e and m o v e m e n t of g r o u n d w a t e r a l o n g t h e r o u t e i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e s u b s e q u e n t e f f e c t s o n s o i l b e h a v i o u r d u r i n g t h e e x c a v a t i o n p e r i o d .
G. T. H u g h e s :
R e s e a r c h i n p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e s i n v a r v e d c l a y s d u r i n g t r i a x i a l t e s t s .
S t u d i e s of the b e h a v i o u r of c o m p a c t e d clays: S a m p l e s a r e p r e p a r e d by kneading c o m p a c t i o n a t t h r e e i n i t i a l c o n d i t i o n s , about P r o c t o r o p t i m u m , d r y of P r o c t o r o p t i m u m , a n d about Modified P r o c t o r o p t i m u m f o r t r i a x i a l c o m p r e s s i o n and c o n s o l i d a t i o n t e s t s . T h e s a m p l e s a r e s a t u r a t e d p r i o r to s h e a r i n t h e t r i a x i a l t e s t by the u s e of high p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e s . T h e i r b e h a v i o u r i s c o m p a r e d u s i n g both d r a i n e d and u n d r a i n e d t e s t i n g p r o c e d u r e s . S t u d i e s of t h e r m a l m i g r a t i o n of w a t e r i n s o i l s : In c o n n e c t i o n with t h e p r o b l e m of h e a t t r a n s f e r f r o m b u r i e d power c o n d u c t o r s a n u m b e r of s o i l s h a v e b e e n t e s t e d t o d e t e r m i n e the v a r i a t i o n of t h e r m a l r e s i s t i v i t y with m n i s t u r e content a n d to d e t e r m i n e the e x t e n t to which w a t e r m i g r a t i o n w i l l o c c u r u n d e r prolonged t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t . L a b o r a t o r y t e s t s h a v e b e e n c a r r i e d out p r e p a r a t o r y to l a r g e - s c a l e f i e l d t r i a l s .
J. K i l g o u r :
(a) E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w a s c a r r i e d out on the u s e of high a i r e n t r y v a l u e c e r a m i c s t o n e s i n the t r i a x i a l a p p a r a t u s . Both " h o m e - m a d e " d i s c s of K a o l i n c l a y a n d c o m r n ~ ~ r c i a l l y a v a i l a b l e Doulton G r a d e P 6 A d i s c s w e r e u s e d t o m e a s u r e i n i t i a l p o r e p r e s s u r e i n c o m p a c t e d s o i l s a n d t h e i n c r e a s e i n p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e with i n c r e a s e i n a l l round p r e s s u r e . ( b ) F u r t h e r m u l t i p l e s t a g e c o n s o l i d a t e d u n d r a i n e d t r i a x i a l c o m p r e s s i o n t e s t s with p o r e p r e s s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e c a r r i e d out on c o m p a c t e d s a m p l e s of s o u t h e r n O n t a r i o g l a c i a l t i l l and on u n d i s t u r b e d s a m p l e s of p r e c o n s o l i d a t e d c l a y . R e s e a r c h w o r k on the c o n s o l i d a t i o n a n d s h e a r s t r e n g t h p r o p e r t i e s of s e n s i t i v e m a r i n e c l a y s with r e l a t i o n to p r a c t i c a l f i e l d p r o b l e m s including s a n d d r a i n s a n d s t a b i l i t y of f i l l s .
Manitoba Hydro:
L a b o r a t o r y t e s t s w e r e conducted on s a m p l e s of c l a y s e a m s located a t v a r i o u s elevations i n the l i m e s t o n e bedrock foundation
underlying the i n t a k e s t r u c t u r e of the G r a n d Rapids H y d r o Development to d e t e r m i n e the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and s t r e n g t h p a r a m e t e r s of the clay f o r u s e i n the f r i c t i o n - s h e a r method of s t a b i l i t y a n a l y s i s .
W . H. Mathew s:
R e s e a r c h i n t o h y d r o s t a t i c p r e s s u r e s a t the bottom of a g l a c i e r and the effect of s u c h p r e s s u r e s on consolidation of s e d i m e n t , i c e t h r u s t i n g of s e d i m e n t , etc.
G. G. Meyerhof:
Completed s e r i e s of t e s t s on skin f r i c t i o n between v a r i o u s s o i l s and c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s and analyzed d a t a f o r p a p e r p r e s e n t e d to the F i f t e e n t h Canadian Soil Mechanics Conference a t M o n t r e a l , 19 61.
O n t a r i o Devar tment of Hinhwavs:
Investigation of the r e g a i n of s h e a r s t r e n g t h of the s o i l s i n f a i l u r e zones.
P.
F. R . A. , Saskatoon:S t u d i e s a r e continuing on the s h e a r s t r e n g t h , swelling and consolidation c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of highly p l a s t i c c l a y s , c l a y s h a l e s , and compacted clays. R e c e n t t e s t s on compacted c l a y s using high a i r
e n t r y porous s t o n e s have allowed m e a s u r e m e n t of negative p o r e p r e s s u r e s and have shown c o n s i d e r a b l y different s t r e n g t h p a r a m e t e r s f o r undrained and consolidated undrained t e s t s than s i m i l a r t e s t s using low a i r e n t r y p o r o u s s t o n e s .
Investigational work i s being c a r r i e d out to study the m o s t suitab le m e a n s of d e t e r m i n i n g m i n i m u m and maxim!im d e n s i t y f o r r e l a t i v e d e n s i t y computations and field c o n t r o l .
P. F. R. A.
,
Cutbank, Sask:The Rapid Compaction T e s t on cohesive s o i l s and the Relative Density T e s t on non-cohesive s o i l s as developed by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation a r e being used f o r field control testing. Both methods appear quite s a t i s f a c t o r y although s o m e modifications to the Rapid Compaction T e s t p r o c e d u r e have been required.
Queen's University:
Work is continuing upon a study of the f a c t o r s that affect the s t r e n g t h of varved clays. P o r e p r e s s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e being observed i n e a c h of the layers. P r e s e n t work is b a s e d upon a constant r a t e of s t r a i n and the work will be extended to include varying r a t e of s t r a i n in the coming year. A p r e l i m i n a r y study of the consolidation c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of v a r v e d s o i l s h a s a l s o been initiated.
Ripley, Klohn & Leonoff Ltd:
Laboratory r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m m e t o investigate p r i m a r y and secondary consolidation c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of peat by m e a n s of long-term consolidation t e s t s .
L. Samson:
F i e l d m e a s u r e m e n t s of s h e a r i n g s t r e n g t h of peat by m e a n s of strain-controlled vane t e s t e r . Any i n c r e a s e i n s h e a r i n g s t r e n g t h to b e checked upon c o m p r e s s i o n of the peat under a superimposed earthfill.
Comparison i n the values of r e l a t i v e density of a uniform fine sand a s determined f r o m Standard penetration t e s t s and f r o m i n s i t u , minimum and maximum unit weight determinations and subsequent c o r r e l a t i o n s with r e s u l t s of plate loading t e s t s .
J.
T e r a s m a e :and t h e St. L a w r e n c e Seaway a r e a s , Ontario.
Completed a r e p o r t entitled "Notes on P a l y n o l o g i c a l S t u d i e s of Varved S e d i m e n t s " dealing with study of pollen and s p o r e s i n the v a r v e d c l a y f r o m n o r t h e r n O n t a r i o Clay B e l t , south of C o c h r a n e . T h i s study s u p p o r t s the annual n a t u r e of v a r v e s i n the g l a c i a l Lake B a r low -Ojibway basin.
R. C. T h u r b e r & A s s o c s . Ltd:
Techniques w e r e developed to p r e p a r e g l a c i a l t i l l s a m p l e s by s e d i m e n t a t i o n i n a n effort to duplicate conditions expected when a n e a r t h f i l l i s placed by dumping i n w a t e r . Consolidation t e s t s and fully d r a i n e d and undraj-led t r i a x i a l t e s t s w e r e p e r f o r m e d on t h e s e s a m p l e s . C o m p r e s s i o n t e s t s on r o c k c o r e s w e r e c a r r i e d out with d i r e c t and e l e c t r i c a l s t r a i n m e a s u r e m e n t s .
W . A . Trow:
In the l a b o r a t o r y , the k consolidated undrained t r i a x i a l t e s t
0
with p o r e p r e s s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t i s being used with i n c r e a s i n g f r e q u e n c y t o d e t e r m i n e c
/r'
r a t i o s and E v a l u e s f o r c l a y s .u C
A limited n u m b e r of t e s t s p e r f o r m e d i n L a k e Algonquin c l a y s f r o m Sudbury, B r a c e b r i d g e and Sault Ste. M a r i e h a v e shown c
/V'
u C
v a l u e s that a g r e e w e l l with r e l a t i o n s h i p s e s t a b l i s h e d by Skempton and B j e r r u m . T h i s r a t i o was d e t e r m i n e d both by the above-noted t e s t and r e l a t i o n s h i p s between field v a n e t e s t s and s m a l l i n c r e m e n t consoli- dation t e s t s .
Underwood, McLellan & A s s o c s . Ltd:
( a ) Unusually high swelling p r e s s u r e s w e r e r e c o r d e d i n f r e e s w e l l and constant v o l u m e consolidation t e s t s on c l a y and c l a y t i l l s a m p l e s using n o n - s a l i n e w a t e r . The effect of i m m e r s i n g w a t e r s a l i n i t y on t h e swelling p r e s s u r e s w e r e investigated.
( b ) An a t t e m p t i s being m a d e to e s t a b l i s h a c o r r e l a t i o n between e a r t h r e s i s t i v i t y soluble s o i l s a l t s , m o i s t u r e
content and t o t a l a c i d i t y as r e l a t e d to b u r i e d m e t a l l i c w a t e r m a i n s .
U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a / A L b e r t a R e s e a r c h Council:
Study of s h e a r s t r e n g t h of o v e r c o n s o l i d a t e d c l a y s h a l e s o i l s , ion exchange phenomena a s a f f e c t i n g s t r e n g t h , c o n s o l i d a t i o n a n d p h y s i c a l l i m i t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s s t u d i e s of s o i l s and t h e s w e l l i n g p r o p e r t i e s of highly p l a s t i c s o i l s . U n i v e r s i t y of S a s k a t c h e w a n : Study of c o n s o l i d a t i o n with p o r e p r e s s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t s , v o l u m e change of highly p l a s t i c c l a y a n d p r o p e r t i e s of m u s k e g . U n i v e r s i t y of W a t e r l o o :
Study of t h e geology and e n g i n e e r i n g p r o p e r t i e s of t h e s o i l s of the K i t c h e n e r - W a t e r loo a r e a , O n t a r i o . N. E. Wilson: R e s e a r c h on r e l i a b i l i t y of v a n e t e s t i n v a r v e d c l a y s . R. Y ong: (a) P a r t i c l e o r i e n t a t i o n and s h e a r s t r e n g t h d e v e l o p m e n t . (b) Application of s t r e s s p a t h technique f o r e v a l u a t i o n of s t r e n g t h p a r a m e t e r s i n t r i a x i a l t e s t i n g of n o r m a l l y c o n s o l i d a t e d c l a y s . ( c ) Influence of p F on u n f r o z e n w a t e r content i n f r o z e n s o i l s . (d) P e r m e a b i l i t y of B e n t o n i t e and A t t a p u l g i t e a n d i n f l u e n c e of i m m o b i l i z e d b o u n d a r y l a y e r s on flow c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . ( e ) M e a s u r e m e n t of s w e l l i n g p r e s s u r e of Sodium M o n t m o r i l l o n i t e a t v a r y i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s .
(f) S i g n i f i c a n c e of c o n v e n t i o n a l s t r e n g t h p a r a m e t e r s i n t r i a x i a l e v a l u a t i o n of p a r t i a l l y s a t u r a t e d s i l t s .
2. TECHNIQUES O F F I E L D MEASUREMENT AND SAMPLING: J. G. C l a r k :
T o s t u d y t h e r e c o v e r y of u n d i s t u r b e d s a m p l e s of l o o s e s a n d s
a n d s i l t s f r o m below t h e w a t e r t a b l e t h r e e t y p e s of s a m p l e r s i n c o n j u n c t i o n with a n d without t h e u s e of a h e a v y b e n t o n i t i c s l u r r y w e r e u s e d d u r i n g foundation i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n a g l a c i a l valley. T h r e e - i n c h open s h e l b y t u b e
s a m p l e s w e r e c o m p a r e d with t h o s e obtained with a .floating p i s t o n a n d a f i x e d p i s t o n s a m p l e r . It w a s found that the d r i l l i n g fluid h a d a g r e a t e r e f f e c t upon s a m p l e r e c o v e r y than d i d the s a m p l e r type. S a t i s f a c t o r y s a m p l e s w e r e obtained to d e p t h s of 350 ft. u s i n g the h e a v y d r i l l i n g fluid.
A m o b i l e s o i l t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y w a s d e v e l o p e d a n d built. Mounted i n a highway- type t r a i l e r , the l a b o r a t o r y h a s f a c i l i t i e s f o r a l l s t a n d a r d s o i l t e s t s e x c e p t t r i a x i a l a n d c o n s o l i d a t i o n . It a l s o s e r v e s a s a f i e l d office. I t c a r r i e s i t s own h e a t i n g a n d e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m a n d a n a i r c o m p r e s s o r , to b e s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t i n r e m o t e a r e a s . D s F . C o a t e s : Conducting a f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e s o u r c e of g r o u n d w a t e r u s i n g r a d i o a c t i v e t r a c e r . Continuing s t u d i e s of i n s i t u s t r e n g t h a n d d e f o r m a t i o n p r o p e r t i e s u s i n g p l a t e load t e s t s . D i v i s i o n of Building R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h Council: F u r t h e r w o r k o n t h e r a d i o a c t i v e m o i s t u r e p r o b e involved n e u t r o n a b s o r p t i o n s t u d i e s u s i n g a r t i f i c i a l m e d i a . A s p e c i a l e f f o r t i s b e i n g m a d e t o a s s e s s t h e i n f l u e n c e on m e a s u r e m e n t s of i r o n a s i t o c c u r s i n n a t u r a l s o i l s .
The study of p e r m a f r o s t i n r e l a t i o n t o the construction and p e r f o r m a n c e of f a c i l i t i e s a t Inuvik, N. W . T.
,
w a s continued by m e a n s of ground t e m p e r a t u r e m e a s u r e m e n t s and the examination of foundations of v a r i o u s s t r u c t u r e s e r e c t e d on perennially f r o z e n ground.Detailed field s t u d i e s of the distribution and o c c u r r e n c e of p e r m a f r o s t a t Thompson, Manitoba, w e r e c a r r i e d out during the F a l l of 1961 and the Spring of 1962. T h e s e s t u d i e s included o b s e r v a t i o n s of ground t e m p e r a t u r e s , t e r r a i n f a c t o r s ( r e l i e f d r a i n a g e and vegetation), s o i l conditions and the distribution of i c e within the s o i l s . F i e l d
investigations of the p e r f o r m a n c e of engineering s t r u c t u r e s i n this region of discontinuous p e r m a f r o s t w e r e a l s o initiated.
GEOCON/ FENCO:
Drilling i n the F o r t Churchill a r e a involved the u s e of cooled d i e s e l f u e l and b r i n e in o r d e r to r e c o v e r f r o z e n c o r e . W h e r e the p e r m a f r o s t c o n s i s t e d of c o a r s e g r a n u l a r m a t e r i a l , the i c e did not provide a sufficient bond and blocking and caving o c c u r r e d . However, using "L" s e r i e s d r i l l i n g equipment, c o r e r e c o v e r y was about 70 p e r cent. T h i s c o m p a r e d favourably with previous e x p e r i e n c e i n s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l w h e r e r e c o v e r y was about half t h i s amount using N X s i z e d r i l l i n g equipment.
J. Kilgour:
Investigation into s o u r c e s of e r r o r of f i l l d e n s i t y and m o i s t u r e content m e a s u r e m e n t s by the nuc [ e a r methods. Development of techniques of i n s t r u m e n t seating, counting p r o c e d u r e s and equipment handling in o r d e r to r e d u c e and e l i m i n a t e human e r r o r s .
O n t a r i o Department of Highways:
P r e p a r a t i o n of equipment f o r the f i e l d m e a s u r e m e n t of s o i l - m o i s t u r e suction a s p a r t of a n investigation of the c r a c k i n g of flexible r o a d pavements.
P. F. R. A .
,
Saskatoon:m e a s u r e m e n t s f o r c o n t r o l p u r p o s e s h a s b e e n c a r r i e d out, and a
c o m p a r i s o n h a s b e e n m a d e between conventional m e t h o d s of m o i s t u r e content and d e n s i t y d e t e r m i n a t i o n with v a l u e s obtained by n u c l e a r methods. P. F. R. A.
,
Cutbank, Sask:I m p r o v e d techniques f o r i n s t a l l i n g foundation p i e z o m e t e r s a r e being used. T h e m a j o r i m p r o v e m e n t s involve a r e d e s i g n of the compaction h a m m e r and the u s e of bentonite r i n g s i n s t e a d of b a l l s t o f o r m the s e a l above the p i e z o m e t e r tip.
A field t e s t i n g p r o g r a m m e was conducted on both g r a n u l a r and c l a y type s o i l s to c o m p a r e the n u c l e a r and conventional m e t h o d s of d e n s i t y and m o i s t u r e content d e t e r m i n a t i o n s i n e m b a n k m e n t s . It w a s concluded that the p e r c e n t a g e e r r o r in the t e s t r e s u l t s w a s g r e a t e r with the n u c l e a r method and the t e s t r e s u l t s w e r e m o r e e r r a t i c .
L. Samson:
M e a s u r e m e n t of m a x i m u m depth of f r o s t p e n e t r a t i o n i n a n
0
a r e a of 29 F. m e a n annual t e m p e r a t u r e and c o m p a r i s o n with the p r e d i c t e d m a x i m u m f r o s t depth b a s e d on the modified B e r g g r e n f o r m u l a .
R. C. T h u r b e r & A s s o c s . Ltd:
S t u d i e s a r e i n p r o g r e s s on the u s e of p o r t a b l e s e i s m i c a p p a r a t u s and deflection m e a s u r i n g d e v i c e s f o r landslides. F i e l d rebound m e a s u r e - m e n t s a r e being m a d e i n a Large cut i n o v e r c o n s o l i d a t e d s e d i m e n t s i n t h e P e a c e R i v e r A r e a .
Underwood, M c L e l l a n & A s s o c s . Ltd:
A e r i a l photographs w e r e u s e d to e s t a b l i s h a p r e l i m i n a r y t e s t b o r i n g p r o g r a m m e . The t e s t b o r i n g s w e r e then u s e d a s c o n t r o l f o r definition of the a r e a l extent of the s o i l d e p o s i t s .
R. Yong:
Study of i n s i t u s t r e n g t h of f r o z e n and thawed s o i l s a t L a k e H a z e n , E l l e s m e r e Island.
3 . FOUNDATIONS O F STRUCTURES: (a) Other than P i l e d Foundations H. G. A c r e s & Co. Ltd:
Studies of stability and s e t t l e m e n t of h y d r a u l i c s t r u c t u r e s on l i m e s tone foundation containing h o r i z o n t a l clay l a y e r s , r a f t and footing foundations on v e r y loose s a t u r a t e d s i l t , and c o n c r e t e flood
c o n t r o l s t r u c t u r e s on tills.
Department of T r a n s p o r t , Ottawa:
O u r N o r t h e r n investigation p r o g r a m m e a s outlined in the y e a r 1961 i s p r o g r e s s i n g s a t i s f a c t o r i l y and h a s been expanded f o r the y e a r 1 9 6 2 .
Division of Building R e s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h c o u n c i l :
T h e b e a r i n g capacity f a i l u r e of a f a r m s i l o was investigated i n the field and l a b o r a t o r y . Undrained s h e a r s t r e n g t h s m e a s u r e d by field vane and in the l a b o r a t o r y w e r e used to check the b e a r i n g capacity f o r m u l a .
T h e m e a s u r e m e n t of s e t t l e m e n t and of p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e s
under e a r thfills i s continuing. P l a n s a r e being m a d e f o r the i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n of a new fill.
T h e study of shallow foundation p e r f o r m a n c e i n w e s t e r n Canada w a s continued. Many s i t e s w e r e v i s i t e d and level r e a d i n g s w e r e
e s t a b l i s h e d on a v a r i e t y of Light shallow foundations with r e f e r e n c e to d e e p bench m a r k s . Ground m o v e m e n t s , s e a s o n a l w a t e r content changes and s o i l tension m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e m a d e in v a r i o u s t e s t plots. T h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e being c o m p a r e d with e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n computations. M. Dufour:
Calculations of s e t t l e m e n t of highway viaduct a b u t m e n t s founded on embankment with b e r m s r e s t i n g on 150 f t . of soft clay. Design of viaducts c a l l f o r jacking of deck when s e t t l e m e n t s will have r e a c h e d a
GEOCON/ FENCO:
~ n v e s t i ~ a t i o n of the f a i l u r e of a n oil tank on soft c l a y r e v e a l e d that i n s i t u vane t e s t s gave a n a c c u r a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of the s h e a r s t r e n g t h and the c a l c u l a t e d f a c t o r of s a f e t y , b a s e d on a n edge f a i l u r e c r i t e r i o n , w a s v e r y c l o s e t o unity.
( a ) I n - p l a c e t e s t i n g of c l a y s e a m s .
(b) Investigations i n connection with a Large building foundation to b e c o n s t r u c t e d on 250 f t . of low s t r e n g t h soil.
G.
G.
Meyerhof:Began m o d e l t e s t s on clay and s a n d to d e t e r m i n e contact p r e s s u r e beneath footings u n d e r e c c e n t r i c Loads u s i n g s m a l l sensitiv.e p r e s s u r e gauges. O n t a r i o D e p a r t m e n t of Highways: O b s e r v a t i o n and a n a l y s i s of s e t t l e m e n t s and f a i l u r e s i n e m b a n k m e n t s founded on soft c l a y s . P. F. R. A.
,
Saskatoon: A f r o s t r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m m e w a s continued, p r i m a r i l y to d e t e r m i n e the e f f e c t s of f r o s t a c t i o n on spillway s t r u c t u r e s . A p p a r a t u s h a s b e e n i n s t a l l e d to m e a s u r e the depth of f r o s t p e n e t r a t i o n , the amount of h e a v e due to f r o s t a c t i o n , and the fluctuation in g r o u n d w a t e r Levels. S e v e n t e e n s i t e s a r e under o b s e r v a t i o n . T h e r e s u l t s to d a t e i n d i c a t e that the amount of h e a v e i s not p r e d i c t a b l e .O b s e r v a t i o n s w e r e continued on the h e a v e a s s o c i a t e d with spillway s t r u c t u r e s founded on c l a y - s h a l e and o t h e r c l a y s o i l s . Rebound gauges have b e e n i n s t a l l e d p r i o r to excavation in a n a t t e m p t to m e a s u r e the h e a v e a s excavation o c c u r s . An excavation 50 ft. d e e p h a s heaved a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0. 5 f t . T h i s i s c o n s i d e r e d to b e e l a s t i c movement. L. S a m s o n :
Study of foundations of b a s e m e n t l e s s h o u s e s on r a f t p l a c e d n e a r ground s u r f a c e on a s u b g r a d e of f r o s t s u s c e p t i b l e s o i l i n a location
w h e r e f r o s t r e a c h e s a depth of
9
f t . T e s t r e s u l t s o n e l e c t r i c a l analog m o d e l s p r o v i d e d a s s i s t a n c e i n this study.Underwood. M c L e l l a n & A s s o c s . Ltd:
D e s i g n of foundations f o r a Large s t r u c t u r e founded on a s w e l l i n g c l a y till.
R. Yone:
L a b o r a t o r y study of b e a r i n g c a p a c i t y of m o d e l footings on p a r t i a l l y s a t u r a t e d c o m p a c t e d c l a y s . A n a l y s i s of b e a r i n g f a i l u r e u s i n g
local s h e a r c r i t e r i o n a n d Limitations of the
0
= 0 a n a l y s i s .3 . FOUNDATIONS O F STRUCTURES: (b) P i l i n g a n d P i l e d Foundations H. G. A c r e s & Co. Ltd: P l a n n i n g and d e s i g n of i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n p r o g r a m m e f o r d e t e r m i - nation of s t r e s s - d e f o r m a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of highly m i c a c e o u s r o c k a r o u n d a tunnel. D. F. Coates: Studying p i l e load t e s t s to d e t e r m i n e d e f o r m a t i o n to b e e x p e c t e d under building loading.
An i n v e s t i g a t i o n w a s c a r r i e d out i n t o the v e r t i c a l and h o r i z o n t a l m o v e m e n t s of the p i e r s and a b u t m e n t s of a b r i d g e , founded on "Htt p i l e s d r i v e n i n t o c o m p a c t t i l l f i l l o v e r l y i n g d e n s e till. T h e h o r i z o n t a l a n d v e r t i c a l m o v e m e n t s w e r e a s m u c h a s 14 and
9
i n c h e s r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n r e v e a l e d that the p i l e s had not p e n e t r a t e d the f i l l a n d r e a c h e d the u n d e r l y i n g n a t u r a l t i l l d u e to the p r e s e n c e of b o u l d e r s a n d that c o n s e q u e n t l y the d e s i g n b e a r i n g c a p a c i t y had not b e e n r e a l i z e d . T h e h o r i z o n t a l m o v e m e n t w a s found to b e due to the f a c t t h a t the a p p r o a c h e m b a n k m e n t w a s v e r y c l o s e to limiting e q u i l i b r i u m and c o n s e q u e n t l y w a s applying a h o r i z o n t a l t h r u s t t othe p i l e s . M. C. H a r r i s : I n s t r u m e n t e d and s u p e r v i s e d Loading of c a s t - i n - p l a c e b o r e d p i l e s p e c i a l l y c o n s t r u c t e d t o e v a l u a t e e n d b e a r i n g Loads v s . s e t t l e m e n t on c l a y t i l l i n S a s k a t o o n . W i n t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n of a n e a r t h a n d r o c k f i l l d a m i n flowing w a t e r . O n t a r i o D e p a r t m e n t of Highways: C o r r e l a t i o n of c a l c u l a t e d a n d m e a s u r e d b e a r i n g c a p a c i t y of p i l e s . P. F. R. A., Saskatoon: T e s t s a r e b e i n g c a r r i e d out to c h e c k t h e d e s i g n of a n c h o r p i l e s which would r e d u c e a n d c o n t r o l the a m o u n t of s w e l l i n g and d i f f e r e n t i a l h e a v i n g t h a t o c c u r s b e n e a t h c o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r e s c o n s t r u c t e d o n s h a l e foundations. S i n c e i t i s not e c o n o m i c a l l y f e a s i b l e t o d e s i g n p i l e s t h a t would c o m p l e t e l y e l i m i n a t e t h e s w e l l i n g of t h e foundation, t h e p i l e s
w e r e d e s i g n e d s o t h a t they could s t r e t c h to a c e r t a i n e x t e n t without f a i l u r e . R i p l e y , Klohn & Leonoff Ltd:
F i e l d r e s e a r c h on m a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e d r i v i n g e n e r g y f o r t i m b e r p i l e s .
4. ROADS, RUNWAYS AND RAIL-TRACKS: D. F. Coates:
Continuation of s t u d y of r h e o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of s u b g r a d e s by l a b o r a t o r y and f i e l d t e s t i n g including a n a p p r a i s a l of t h e e f f e c t s of d y n a m i c loading.
Department of T r a n s p o r t , Ottawa:
( a ) Completion of s t u d i e s concerning the function of temperatui-e gradient within rigid pavements vs. pavement c u r ling.
(b) Determination of the roughness of flexible and r i g i d a i r p o r t pavements.
In conjunction with the ground roughness d a t a , r e s p o n s e d a t a of a n i n s t r u m e n t e d D C - 8 a i r c r a f t will be obtained i n co-operation with National R e s e a r c h Council National Aeronautical Establishment and T r a n s Canada A i r lines. Also the impact loading e x e r t e d by the a i r c r a f t on the pavement will b e d e t e r m i n e d and studied.
.
( c ) Pavement deflection studies under a i r c r a f t loading using optical m e a s u r i n g technique.
Division of Euilding R e s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h Counci 1:
L a b o r a t o r y studies on the physical and m e c h a n i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of peat have been extended. In addition to routine t e s t s , v a r i o u s uni- d i r e c t i o n a l and t r i a x i a l consolidation t e s t s with p o r e p r e s s u r e m e a s u r e - m e n t s have been m a d e . F i e l d vane and field cone t e s t s showed no
s a t i s f a c t o r y c o r r e l a t i o n between the two methods. The s i z e of vane was found to have considerable influence on the m e a s u r e m e n t of s h e a r
strength. J. Kilgour:
Compaction c o n t r o l of e a r t h f i l l a p p r o a c h embankments c a r r i e d out using nuclear i n s t r u m e n t s .
N. D. Lea:
Observations continued on T r a n s Canada Highway through Burnaby with i n t e r e s t i n g r e s u l t s on p r o p e r t i e s of peat and v e r y soft clay and on the influence of sand d r a i n s .
A. A. McLean:
s t r e n g t h of 14" runway c o n c r e t e . Found that c o r e s taken f r o m the
path of i m m e r s i o n i t y p e v i b r a t o r s had the highest density. Bottom half of the c o r e s a v e r a g e d 17% s t r o n g e r than the top halves. C o r e s taken between v i b r a t o r s w e r e l e s s d e n s e and bottom h a l v e s a v e r a g e d
3270 s t r o n g e r than the top h a l v e s . G. G. Meverhof:
A n a l y s i s of extensive pavement evaluation t e s t r e s u l t s (obtained by S p e c i a l Commit t e e of Canadian Good Roads A s sociation) using t h e o r y of e l a s t i c l a y e r s with good compatibility. Developed t h e o r y of u l t i m a t e l o a d - c a r r y i n g capacity of r i g i d p a v e m e n t s and analyzed field loading t e s t r e s u l t s f o r publication.
O n t a r i o D e p a r t m e n t of Highways:
( a ) A study of highway f r o s t d e s i g n p r a c t i c e s i n Canada i s
being m a d e with the c o - o p e r a t i o n of m a n y f e d e r a l and p r o v i n c i a l a g e n c i e s i n Canada. A p a p e r will be p r e p a r e d f o r a s y m p o s i u m on this subject t o be held by t h e Highway R e s e a r c h B o a r d i n J a n u a r y 1963.
( b ) Investigation of the m e c h a n i s m of c r a c k development i n flexible p a v e m e n t s a t s e l e c t e d locations throughout Ontario. ( c ) P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n the National P a v e m e n t Evaluation P r o g r a m m e
under the a u s p i c e s of the C. G. R. A.
,
involving:-( i ) inventory s t u d i e s on p a v e m e n t s i n N o r t h e r n Ontario.
(ii) s t u d i e s of s e a s o n a l f l u c t u a t i o n s of pavement
s t r e n g t h on highways having d i f f e r e n t t h i c k n e s s e s , s o i l s and t r a f f i c conditions, Located throughout S o u t h e r n Ontario.
(iii) collection of Benkelman B e a m rebound v a l u e s b e f o r e and a f t e r r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o r r e s u r f a c i n g of highways, to obtain v e r i f i c a t i o n of the existing tentative thickening d e s i g n c u r v e s .
O b s e r v a t i o n s of s e t t l e m e n t , l a t e r a l h e a v e and d i s p l a c e m e n t , a n d p o r e p r e s s u r e w e r e continued on a f i r s t - c l a s s r o a d b u i l t o v e r a d e e p m u s k e g 4000 f t . long. On s e c t i o n s w h e r e Large s e t t l e m e n t w a s m e a s u r e d , c o u n t e r w e i g h t w a s used' t o s t a b i l i z e t h e f i l l , u s i n g the s u r c h a r g e m a t e r i a l . A l t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n , d r a i n a g e h e l p e d to s t r e n g t h e n the f i b r o u s s u r f a c e s t r a t u m a n d to d r y out ponds. Q u e e n ' s U n i v e r s i t y : A Laboratory i n v e s t i g a t i o n h a s b e e n c o m p l e t e d on t h e effect of the p e r c e n t a g e of c r u s h e d m a t e r i a l on t h e s t r e n g t h a n d p e r m e a b i l i t y of w e l l g r a d e d g r a n u l a r b a s e c o u r s e m a t e r i a l s . T h e effect of the c r u s h i n g g e n e r a l l y i n c r e a s e d t h e s t r e n g t h of t h e b a s e c o u r s e m a t e r i a l s but d e c r e a s e d t h e p e r m e a b i l i t y by a s i g n i f i c a n t amount. A companion s t u d y on t h e i n f l u e n c e of t h e a m o u n t a n d t y p e of f i n e m a t e r i a l upon the p r o p e r t i e s of b a s e c o u r s e m a t e r i a l s i s continuing. S a s k a t c h e w a n D e p a r t m e n t of Highways:
A p r o c e d u r e h a s b e e n developed u t i l i z i n g d r y i c e to f r e e z e the s a n d and obtain f r o z e n chunk s a m p l e s f o r d e n s i t y d e t e r m i n a t i o n .
T h e d r y i c e m e t h o d a g r e e s f a i r l y w e l l with t h e a c c e p t e d s a n d c o n e m e t h o d . D e n s i t i e s obtained by a u g e r i n g w e r e m u c h lower. Underwood, M c L e l l a n & A s s o c s . Ltd: (a) S t a b i l i z a t i o n m e t h o d s of n a t u r a l s o i l s a s a p p l i c a b l e to W e s t e r n C a n a d a h a v e b e e n studied. T h e u s e of l i m e to s t a b i l i z e m o n t m o r i l l i n i t i c c l a y s i s b e i n g s t u d i e d i n a c t u a l f i e l d t e s t s . (b) A s p h a l t a g g r e g a t e s t r i p p i n g s t u d i e s a r e c u r r e n t l y underway. ( c ) A study i s b e i n g c a r r i e d out to a s s e s s t h e m a j o r c o n t r i b u t i n g f a c t o r s i n p o o r p a v e m e n t p e r f o r m a n c e i n t h e l o c a l a r e a .
U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a a n d / o r A l b e r t a R e s e a r c h Council: Continuing s t u d i e s on f r o s t a c t i o n p h e n o m e n a i n b o t h open a n d c l o s e d s y s t e m s , e v a l u a t i o n of load d e f l e c t i o n p h e n o m e n a i n l a y e r e d p a v e m e n t s y s t e m s , a n a l y s i s of p a v e m e n t p e r f o r m a n c e i n o r g a n i c t e r r a i n a r e a s , a n d s t a b i l i z a t i o n of v a r i o u s 'types of s o i l w i t h p o r t l a n d c e m e n t , a s p h a l t a n d l i m e . U n i v e r s i t y of S a s k a t c h e w a n : S o i l s t a b i l i z a t i o n with v a r i o u s a d d i t i v e s a n d c o n t r o l of t e m p e r a t u r e c r a c k s i n a s p h a l t p a v e m e n t s . L a b o r a t o r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n on t h e e f f e c t s of r e p e a t e d loadings on a c l a y soil. T h e e l a s t i c a n d p l a s t i c s t r a i n s a r e m e a s u r e d on s o i l s a m p l e s having d i f f e r e n t m o i s t u r e content a n d with d i f f e r e n t s o i l s t r u c t u r e .
5. EARTH PRESSURE ON STRUCTURES AND TUNNELS:
H. G . A c r e s & Co. Ltd: P l a n ~ l i n g a n d d e s i g n of i n s t r u m . e n t a t i o n p r o g r a m m e f o r d e t e r m i - n a t i o n of s t r e s s - d e f o r m a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of highly m i c a c e o u s r o c k a r o u n d a tunnel. D. F. Coates: Studying s i z e of c r a t e r p r o d u c e d by n u c l e a r e x p l o s i o n a n d p r o p a g a t i o n of s t r e s s w a v e beyond c r a t e r . Analyzing e f f e c t of s t r e s s w a v e on t u n n e l s a n d t h e i r linings. M e a s u r i n g e a r t h p r e s s u r e on u n d e r g r o u n d o p e n i n g s u s i n g h y d r a u l i c load c e l l s , e l e c t r i c a l s t r a i n gauge d y n a m o m e t e r s a n d p h o t o s t r e s s g a u g e s . M e a s u r i n g s t r a i n s i n a c o n c r e t e lining. M e a s u r i n g d e f o r m a t i o n s i n a t u n n e l h e a d i n g i n c l a y on r e l e a s e of c o m p r e s s e d a i r a n d a n a l y z i n g s u p p o r t r e q u i r e d .
D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h Council: I n s t r u m e n t s w e r e i n s t a l l e d t o m e a s u r e d e f o r m a t i o n a n d e a r t h p r e s s u r e s a g a i n s t a 10 f t . d i a m e t e r tunnel. T h e s e m e a s u r e - m e n t s h a v e b e e n c a r r i e d out f o r a l m o s t o n e y e a r a n d a r e o p e r a t i n g s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . E c o l e P o l v t echniaue: A n a l y s i s of p u b l i s h e d f i e l d a n d m o d e l t e s t d a t a r e l a t i n g t o e a r t h p r e s s u r e s o n s t r u c t u r e s a n d r e v i e w of t h e m a i n m e t h o d s of e a r t h p r e s s u r e c a l c u l a t i o n s w i t h e m p h a s i s o n t h e v a r i o u s p h e n o m e n a i n f l u e n c i n g t e s t r e s u l t s a n d f i e l d b e h a v i o u r . GEOCON/ F E N C O : ( a ) S t r e s s m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e m a d e o n a c e l l u l a r s h e e t p i l e c o f f e r d a m d u r i n g f i l l i n g , u s i n g a W h i t t e l n o r e s t r a i n gauge. S u b s e q u e n t l y , t h e c o f f e r d a m f a i l e d by Local o v e r s t r e s s i n g a n d s p l i t t i n g of s o n ~ e of t h e s h e e t p i l e s . T h e s t r e s s e s m e a s u r e d n e a r t h e f a i l e d p i l e s w e r e found t o e x c e e d tlle y i e l d l i m i t . (b) A s h e e t e d e x c a v a t i o n i n c o n n e c t i o n with a s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t p l a n t h a s b e e n i n s t r u m e n t e d o r d e r t o p r o v i d e r e c o r d s of t h e s t r e s s e s a n d b e n d i n g m o m e n t s i n t h e piling a n d b r a c i n g , d u r i n g e x c a v a t i o n . T w o W i l s o n s Lope i n d i c a t o r i n s t a l l a t i o n s w e r e p r o v i d e d f o r t h e p i l i n g , a n d the s t r e s s i n the b r a c i n g w a s m e a s u r e d b y a W h i t t e m o r e s t r a i n gauge. R e a d i n g s a r e b e i n g t a k e n by t h e C o n s u l t i n g E n g i n e e r s .
T.
C. Kenney: C o m p i l a t i o n of a l l m e a s u r e m e n t d a t a o b t a i n e d by t h e N o r w e g i a n G e o t e c h n i c a l I n s t i t u t e f r o m s t r ~ l t t e d e x c a v a t i o n s i n c l a y . T h e s e d a t a a r e c o n t a i n e d i n s e p a r a t e r e p o r t s f o r e a c h s i t e a n d w i l l s o o n b e c o m e a v a i l a b l e t o t h o s e i n t e r e s t e d . G . G. M e y e r h o f : C a r r i e d out loading t e s t s on p l a i n a n d c o r r u g a t e d s t e e l c u l v e r t s h e e t s b e a r i n g a g a i n s t c o m p a c t s a n d b a c k f i l l t o d e t e r m i n e s t r a i n s ,deflections and contact p r e s s u r e s up to f a i l u r e of s h e e t s . P. F. R. A.
,
Saskatoon:M e a s u r e m e n t s a r e continuing on the d e f l e c t i o n of flexible m e t a l c u l v e r t s i n s t a l l e d beneath a n e a r t h d a m and a highway fill.
C. Senneville:
E a r t h and r o c k p r e s s u r e on v e r t i c a l shaft i n s e r p e n t i n e bedrock (Newfoundland).
6 .
EARTH DAMS, SLOPES AND OPEN EXCAVA.TIONS:H. G. A c r e s & Company Limited:
( a ) Study of the geotechnical p r o p e r t i e s of i m p e r v i o u s f i l l m a t e r i a l s in Canadian earthfikl and r o c k f i l l d a m s . ( b ) Design of e a r t h f i l l and rockfii8 c o f f e r d a m s about 1 2 0 fit.
high with r e s t r i c t e d b a s e width on p e r v i o u s foundations.
( c ) Design of a 40-ft. d i a m e t e r shaft about $0 ft. d e e p i n
peat and soft s e n s i t i v e clay.
(d) Studies f o r the d e s i g n of a rockfill d a m 650 ft. high above the existing r i v e r b e d on foundaeions c o m p r i s i n g s a n d and
g r a v e l d e p o s i t s 120 ft. deep, including foundation p e r m e a b i l i t y s t u d i e s and field pumping t e s t s ,
( e ) Continuing o b s e r v a t i o n s of the p e r f o r m a n c e of e a r t h f i l l dykes built o m p e r m a f r o s t foundations.
(f) Continuing observation and study of seepage beneath a n e a r t h f i l l dam.
(g) Studies sf the Bo,-~g - t e r m and s h o r t - t e r m s t a b i l i t y of s l o p e s i n highly p l a s t i c o v e r consolidated c l a y s .
D. F. Coates:
M o d e l s t u d i e s of the d r a w i n g p a t t e r n s of s o i l t h r o u g h a bin. Analyzing c l a y foundation f a i l u r e of a n e m b a n k m e n t . D i v i s i o n of Building R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h Council: E x t e n s i v e f i e l d a n d Laboratory t e s t s h a v e b e e n m a d e i n t h e s t u d y of s l o p e s t a b i l i t y at t h e B e a t t i e M i n e u s i n g e f f e c t i v e and t a t a l s t r e s s m e t h o d s of a n a l y s i s . A l r photos h a v e b e e n u s e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e m o s t c r i t i c a l c r o s s s e c t i o n s . I n v e s t i g a t i o n of a n old e a r t h f l o w n e a r the e a s t e r n l i m i t s of t h e City of Ottawa i s continuing and a r e c e n t l a n d s l i d e n e a r C u m b e r l a n d is
u n d e r study.
B o t t o m h e a v e w a s m e a s u r e d . d u r i n g e x c a v a t i o n to a d e p t h of
30 ft. o v e r a f a i r l y Large a r e a i n b r i t t l e m a r i n e clay. P i e z o m e t e r Levels and g r o u n d m o v e m e n t s a r e a l s o b e i n g m e a s u r e d to' d e t e r m i n e t h e i n f l u e n c e of c o n s t r u c t i o n o n b o t t o m h e a v e and s l o p e s t a b i l i t y . O b s e r v a t i o n s o n the p e r f o r m a n c e of s a n d - f i l l d y k e s c o n s t r u c t e d on p e r m a f r o s t i n n o r t h e r n Manitoba w e r e continued by m e a n s of g r o u n d t e m p e r a t u r e , s e t t l e m e n t gauge and m e t e o r o l o g i c a l m e a s u r e m e n t s . G E O C O N / FENCO: ( a ) An i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e s u r f a c e f a i l u r e of a n e m b a n k m e n t c o n s t r u c t e d of g l a c i a l t i l l r e v e a l e d that while the o v e r a l l f a c t o r of s a f e t y a g a i n s t a d e e p r o t a t i o n a l s l i p w a s a d e q u a t e ,
shallow s u r f a c e f a i l u r e s a n d s 1oug;hing o c c u r r e d when t h e g r o u n d w a t e r Level w a s c l o s e to tha s u r f a c e . In a n i n v e s t i g a t i o n c o n c e r n i n g a p r o p o s e d r o a d e m b a n k m e n t a s l o p e s t a b i l i t y p r o b l e m d u e to high a r t e s i a n p r e s s u r e s i n a n u n d e r l y i n g p e r m e a b l e s t r a t u m w a s r e l i e v e d by a s e r i e s of d r a i n a g e w e l l s . ( c ) S e t t l e m e n t and p i e z o m e t e r o b s e r v a t i o n s on a n e m b a n k m e n t c o n s t r u c t e d on a c o m p r e s s i b l e c l a y h a v e r e v e a l e d that the r a t e of c o n s o l i d a t i o n i s m u c h h i g h e r than t h a t p r e d i c t e d o n
t h e b a s i s of l a b o r a t o r y t e s t i n g , d u e to the f a c t t h a t t h e effective c o e f f i c i e n t of c o n s o l i d a t i o n i s about 5 t o 10 t i m e s t h e v a l u e e s t a b l i s h e d b y l a b o r a t o r y t e s t s . S e t t l e - m e n t s h a v e a l s o b e e n s i g n i f i c a n t l y l e s s t h a n would h a v e b e e n p r e d i c t e d by c l a s s i c a l t h e o r y . H y d r o - E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o : R e n o v a t i o n of old c o n c r e t e b u t t r e s s d a m by c o v e r i n g c o n c r e t e f a c e w i t h p o l y v i n y l c h l o r i d e p l a s t i c s h e e t i n g a n d building e a r t h f i l l d a m o v e r old c o n c r e t e d a m . P r e l i m i n a r y office a n d f i e l d s t u d i e s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h d e s i g n of 850 f t . h e a d pumped s t o r a g e d e v e l o p m e n t o n N i a g a r a E s c a r p m e n t a t G e o r g i a n Bay. F o u n d a t i o n and s l o p e s t a b i l i t y s t u d i e s involved i n d e s i g n of s t r u c t u r e s on w e a t h e r e d s h a l e . P r e l i m i n a r y s t u d i e s i n d e s i g n of a n e a r t h f i l l d a m o n c o m p r e s s i b l e f o u n d a t i o n s . S c o u r a n d s l o p e s t a b i l i t y s t u d i e s f o r d e s i g n of r i v e r bank s l o p e p r o t e c t i o n . J. K i l g o u r : D e s i g n of t h e s l o p e s of a n e a r t h f i l l d a m c a r r i e d out i n t e r m s of e f f e c t i v e s t r e s s u s i n g a n e l e c t r o n i c c o m p u t e r f o r s l o p e s t a b i l i t y a n a l y s i s . T h e p r o b a b l e v a l u e s of c o n s t r u c t i o n p o r e p r e s s u r e s r e s u l t i n g f r o m v a r i o u s p l a c e m e n t m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t s a n d d e g r e e of s a t u r a t i o n w e r e p r e d i c a t e d t h r o u g h t h e u s e - of high a i r e n t r y v a l u e c e r a m i c d i s c s i n t h e m e a s u r e m e n t of u a n d B. Eight h u n d r e d a n d f i f t e e n a n a l y s e s w e r e 0 c a r r i e d out a t a n a v e r a g e c o m p u t e r c o s t of 26 c e n t s p e r c i r c l e . P. F. R . A .
,
S a s k a t o o n : Continuing s t u d i e s a r e b e i n g c a r r i e d o n i n a n e f f o r t to i m p r o v e t h e a p p a r a t u s f o r o b s e r v a t i o n s of m o v e m e n t s a n d p o r e p r e s s u r e s i n e a r t h d a m s and n a t u r a l s l o p e s . S p e c i a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n h a s b e e n g i v e n to t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of h o r i z o n t a l m o v e m e n t s i n v e r t i c a l h o l e s a n d to the i n s t a l l a t i o n a n d s e a l i n g of p i e z o m e t e r s .A p r o g r a m m e h a s b e e n c a r r i e d out to i n v e s t i g a t e t h e d e s i g n a n d i n s t a l l a t i o n of p r e s s u r e r e l i e f w e l l s f o r e a r t h d a m s . S p e c i a l e m p h a s i s h a s b e e n p l a c e d o n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of a r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e r e l i e f w e l t which c a n b e i n s t a l l e d with c o n v e n t i o n a l d r i l l i n g e q u i p m e n t . E x t e n s i v e s t a b i l i t y s t u d i e s ' a r e b e i n g c a r r i e d out i n c o n n e c t i o n with t h e South S a s k a t c h e w a n R i v e r D a m a n d s p e c i a l m e t h o d s u t i l i z i n g J a n b u ' s c o r r e c t i o n f o r t h e f o r c e s b e t w e e n s l i c e s a r e b e i n g utilized. I n v e s t i g a l i o n s with r e g a r d t o t h e d e s i g n of s u i t a b l e s l o p e p r o t e c t i o n f o r e a r t h d a m s a r e b e i n g c a r r i e d on a n d s p e c i a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n is b e i n g given to m e t h o d s of m e a s u r i n g a n d s p e c i f y i n g r o c k r i p r a p . P. F.
R.
A .,
Cutbank, Sask: (a) O b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e B e a r p a w S h a l e to m e a s u r e e l a s t i c r e b o u n d due t o unloading by e x c a v a t i o n and t o m e a s u r e c h a n g e i n foundation p o r e p r e s s u r e s due to loading a n d unloading a r e continuing. ( b ) A field t e s t i n g p r o g r a m m e t o a p p r a i s e t h e p e r f o r m a n c e of a v i b r a t i n g s h e e p s f o o t r o l l e r on both c o h e s i v e a n d n o n - c o h e s i v e s o i l s w a s conducted. T h e r o l l e r d i d not c o n s i s t e n t l y p r o d u c e a d e q u a t e d e n s i t i e s i n t h e c o h e s i v e s o i l s but p e r f o r m e d w e l l i n t h e n o n - c o h e s i v e t y p e s o i l . R i p l e y , Klohn & Leonoff Ltd:L a b o r a t o r y r e s e a r c h t o c h e c k e x p e r i m e n t a l l y t h e a d e q u a c y of t h r e e s u c c e s s i v e f i l t e r m a t e r i a l s d o w n s t r e a m of the i m p e r v i o u s z o n e of a n e a r t h f i l l d a m . R. C. T h u r b e r & A s s o c s . Ltd: I n t e n s i v e f i e l d and office s t u d i e s of a g r o u p of l a n d s l i d e s i n u n i f o r m o v e r c o n s o l i d a t e d c l a y s o i l s w e r e c a r r i e d out t o e v a l u a t e t h e f e a s i b i l i t y a n d d e s i g n of a r o u t e a c r o s s the Landslides. C o m p a r i s o n of s h e a r i n g s t r e n g t h s d e t e r m i n e d f r o m f i e l d a n d l a b o r a t o r y o b s e r v a t i o n s w e r e m a d e p o s s i b l e by t h e u n i f o r m c h a r a c t e r of t h e s o i l . In a d d i t i o n , l a n d s l i d e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w e r e continued i n a n a r e a of s e n s i t i v e g l a c i a l l a k e c lays.
APPENDIX "A"'
MEMBERS O F T H E CANADIAN SECTION O F T H E INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY O F SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
Name A d a m s ,
J;
I. A n d e r s o n , C. A n d e r s o n , K. 0. Ander s s o n , A. G. L. A r g u e ,G.
A r m s t r o n g , M. D. Audy, R. B a s a r k e , N. S. T i t l e o r Occupation A d d r e s s Design E n g i n e e r H y d r o - E l e c t r i c P v w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o , 620 U n i v e r s i t y Avenue, T o r o n t o , Ontario. Design E n g i n e e r C o n s t r u c t i o n B r a n c h , D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t , Ottawa, Ontario.E n g i n e e r i n g Geologist Underwood, M c L e l l a n &
A s s o c s . , 149 5 P e m b i n a Highway
,
Winnipeg,
Manitoba. A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r D e p a r t m e n t of Civil E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , Edmonton, A l b e r t a .D r i l l i n g S u p e r v i s o r R i p l e y , Klohn & Leonoff Ltd., 1930 W e s t B r o a d w a y , Vancouver
9 ,
B. C. Design E n g i n e e r C o n s t r u c t i o n B r a n c h , D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t , Ottawa, Ontario. P r i n c i p a l R e s e a r c h M a t e r i a l s & R e s e a r c h E n g i n e e r S e c t i o n , D e p a r t m e n t of Highways, P a r l i a m e n t Buildings, T o r o n t o 5, Ontario. A s s o c i a t e P i e t t e , Audy, Lepinay &B e r t r a n d , 1134 Chemin S t - L o u i s , Quebec
6,
P. Q. A s s t . Consultant D e p a r t m e n t of Highways, L i a i s o n E n g i n e e r B r i d g e Division, Par l i a m e n t Buildings,
T o r o n t o , Ontario.B a i k i e . L . D. B a z e t t , D. J. B e l l . E . S . B e n s o n , R. B i l o d e a u , P. M. B o r d e l e a u , J. B, B o u r g e t , S. J. B o y e r , L . B o z o z u k , M. S o i l s P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r T e s t i n g L a b o r a t o r i e s , D e p a r t m e n t of P u b l i c W o r k s , R i v e r s i d e D r i v e , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o . S u p e r v i s i n g E n g i n e e r , H y d r o - E l e c t r i c P o w e r S o i l s S e c t i o n C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o , 620 U n i v e r s i t y A v e n u e , T o r o n t o , O n t a r i o . P l a n n i n g E n g i n e e r E n g i n e e r Chief, S o i l s S e r v i c e T e c h n i c a l O f f i c e r R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r H y d r o - E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o , 620 U n i v e r s i t y A v e n u e , T o r o n t o , O n t a r i o . D e p a r t m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e , P. F. R. A.
,
P. 0. B o x 908, S a s k a t o o n , S a s k a t c h e w a n . D e p a r t m e n t of R o a d s of Q u e b e c , 8 2 5 K i r o u a c S t r e e t , Q u e b e c , Quebec. D i v i s i o n of Building R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h Council, O t t a w a , O n t a r i o . S o i l R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , Neatby Building, C e n t r a l E x p e r i m e n t a l F a r m , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o . G e o l o g i c a l E n g i n e e r H. G. A c r e s & Co. L t d . , N i a g a r a F a l l s , O n t a r i o . R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r D i v i s i o n of Building R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o .B r a d s h a w , T. J. B r a y , J. B r e m n e r , P. C. B r o c h u , P. A. B r o d e u r , J. C. B r o d i e , A. F. B r o o k e r , E. W. B r o w n , A. A. B r o w n , J. " A " - 3 G r a d u a t e Student G e o l o g i s t M a n a g e r G r a d u a t e Student V i c e - P r e s i d e n t & M a n a g e r P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r G r a d u a t e Student S o i l e E n g i n e e r D e p a r t m e n t of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , Edmonton, A l b e r t a . Shawinigan E n g i n e e r i n g Company, 620 D o r c h e s t e r S t r e e t W e s t , M o n t r e a l , P. Q . C o n t r a c t D r i l l i n g D i v i s i o n , C a n a d i a n L o n g y e a r L i m i t e d , B o x 330, N o r t h B a y , O n t a r i o . D e p a r t m e n t of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , Edmonton, A l b e r t a . A. J o h n s o n & Co. ( C a n a d a ) Ltd.
,
1255 L a i r d B l v d . , R m . 320, M o n t r e a l 16,P.Q.
J a m e s F. M a c L a r e n A s s o c s . , 321 B l o o r S t r e e t E a s t , T o r o n t o , O n t a r i o . 1835 O r c h a r d P l a c e , U r b a n a , Illinois. D e p a r t m e n t of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , E d m o n t o n , A l b e r t a . 1208 Duthie Avenue, B u r n a b y 2, B. C.Brown, J. D. Brown, R.
J.
E. B r o w n r i d g e , F. C. B r u s e y ,W.
G.
B u r n , K. N. B r z e z i n s k i , L. S. Campbell, D. B. Chan, L. G. Chapman, L. J. S e n i o r S o i l s E n g i n e e r R e s e a r c h Officer Geocon L t d . , 180 Vallee S t r e e t , M o n t r e a l , P. Q. Division of Building R e s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h Council, Ottawa, Ontario. S p e c i a l A s s i g n m e n t s M a t e r i a l s & R e s e a r c h E n g i n e e r S e c t i o n , D e p a r t m e n t of Highways, P a r l i a m e n t Buildings, T o r o n t o 5, Ontario. Soil Mechanics E n g i n e e r R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r S o i l s E n g i n e e r Senior E n g i n e e r E n g i n e e r D i r e c t o r , Dept. of P h y s i o g r a p h y H y d r o - E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o , 620 University Avenue, T o r o n t o , Ontario. Division of Building R e s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h Council, Ottawa, Ontario. Geocon L t d . , 180 Vallee S t r e e t , M o n t r e a l , P . Q .R i p l e y , Klohn & Leonoff Ltd., 1930 W e s t Broadway, Vancouver 9 , B. C. D e p a r t m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e , P. F. R. A.
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P. 0. Box 908, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. O n t a r i o R e s e a r c h Foundation, 4 3 Q u e e n ' s P a r k C r e s c e n t , T o r o n t o , Ontario.C h e r e p a c h a , D. C h e r r i n g t o n , G. G. C h e v a l i e r , R. C h m i e l e n s k i , A. Chong, G. J. C h r i s t e n s e n , C. J. C h r u m k a , S. J. C l a r k , J. G. C o a t e s , D. F. "A"- 5 D e s i g n E n g i n e e r P r o j e c t F o u n d a t i o n E n g i n e e r D i v i s i o n E n g i n e e r P r e s i d e n t P r o j e c t S o i l s E n g i n e e r . C o n s t r u c t i o n B r a n c h , D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o . O n t a r i o D e p a r t m e n t of H i g h w a y s , P a r l i a m e n t B u i l d i n g s , T o r o n t o , O n t a r i o . C. D. Howe C o m p a n y Ltd.
,
1421 A t w a t e r Avenue, M o n t r e a l , P. Q. F o u n d a t i o n of C a n a d a E n g i n e e r i n g C o r p . Ltd.,
1980 S h e r b r o o k e S t r e e t W e s t , M o n t r e a l , P. Q. M a t e r i a l s & R e s e a r c h S e c t i o n , D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t , P a r l i a m e n t B u i l d i n g s,
T o r o n t o 5, O n t a r i o . R e s e a r c h A s s i s t a n t & D e p a r t m e n t o f c i v i l G r a d u a t e S t u d e n t E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of W a t e r l o o , W a t e r l o o , O n t a r i o . E n g i n e e r S e n i o r C o n s t r u c t i o n E n g i n e e r C o n s u l t i n g E n g i n e e r D e p a r t m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e , P. F. R. A.,
L e t h b r i d g e , A l b e r t a . M o n t r e a l E n g i n e e r i n g Co. Ltd P . O . Box 250, P l a c e d l A r m e s , M o n t r e a l , P. Q. 393 B e l l S t r e e t , O t t a w a 1 , O n t a r i o .Collin, C. J. P. Conlon, R. J. Cook, P . M . Cook, R. D. C r a w f o r d , C. B. C s a t h y , T . I. Dalton, C. J. D a n y s , J. V. D a v i s , M. M. S o i l s E n g i n e e r Soil M e c h a n i c s & Foundation E n g i n e e r Consulting E n g i n e e r G r a d u a t e Student H e a d , Soil M e c h a n i c s S e c t i o n P r o j e c t S o i l s E n g i n e e r S u p e r v i s o r of Soil I n v e s t i g a t i o n s S u p e r i n t e n d e n t , C o n s t r u c t i o n A s s o c . P r o f e s s o r Geocon L t d . , 180 Vallee S t r e e t , M o n t r e a l , P. Q . H. G. A c r e s & Co, Ltd.
