• Aucun résultat trouvé

ATOM-PROBE INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN A NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "ATOM-PROBE INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN A NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY"

Copied!
7
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: jpa-00226867

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00226867

Submitted on 1 Jan 1987

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

ATOM-PROBE INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN A NICKEL-BASE

SUPERALLOY

S. Chambreland, D. Blavette, Monique Bouet

To cite this version:

S. Chambreland, D. Blavette, Monique Bouet. ATOM-PROBE INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN A NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY. Journal de Physique Collo- ques, 1987, 48 (C6), pp.C6-361-C6-366. �10.1051/jphyscol:1987659�. �jpa-00226867�

(2)

Colloque C6, suppl6ment a u n O 1 l , Tome 48, novembre 1987

ATOM-PROBE INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN A NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY

S. Charnbreland, D. Blavette and M. Bouet

UA CNRS 808, Laboratoire d e Microscopie Ionique, Facult6 des Sciences de Rouen, B.P. 67, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France

R C s u m E : U n e s o n d e a t o m i q u e h t e m p s d e vol a € t C u t i l i s s e P o u r e t u d i e r l e s p r e m i e r s s t a d e s d e p r C c i p i t a t i o n d e l a p h a s e 7' d a n s un s u p e r a l l i a g e h b a s e n i c k e l . L e s p a r a m e t r e s d e m i c r o s t r u c t u r e , d 6 d u i t s d e s p r o f i l s d e c o n c e n t r a t i o n , o n t E t E Q t u d i E s e n f o n c t i o n d u t e m p s d e v i e i l l i s s e m e n t h 650'C. P o u r d e s t e m p s d e v i e i l l i s s e m e n t i n f C r i e u r s a

q u e l q u e s h e u r e s , l a c o m p o s i t i o n d e s p r E c i p i t e s v a r i e d a n s u n e l a r g e m e s u r e a l o r s q u e l a t a i l l e d e s p a r t i c u l e s r e s t e s e n s i b l e m e n t c o n s t a n t e . E n r e v a n c h e , d a n s l e s t a d e d e c o a l e s c e n c e l e s p r E c i p i t Q s 7' a t t e i g n e n t l e u r c o m p o s i t i o n d ' s q u i l i b r e a p r s s 25 h e u r e s .

A b s t r a c t : A c o n v e n t i o n a l t i m e of f l ight a t o m - p r o b e h a s b e e n u s e d f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e e a r l y s t a g e s of p r e c i p i t a t i o n o f 7' P h a s e in a n i c k e l b a s e s u p e r a l l o y . T h e m i c r o s t r u c t u r e p a r a m e t e r s , a s d e r i v e d f r o m c o n c e n t r a t i o n p r o f i l e s , h a v e b e e n s t u d i e d a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e a g i n g t i m e a t 650'C. F o r a g i n g t i m e s s m a l l e r t h a n a f e w h o u r s , t h e p r e c i p i t a t e c o m p o s i t i o n v a r i e s in a l a r g e e x t e n t w h i l e t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e r e m a i n s n e a r l y c o n s t a n t . In c o n t r a s t , in t h e c o a r s e n i n g s t a g e 7' p r e c i p i t a t e s r e a c h t h e i r e q u il i b r i u m c o m p o s i t i o n a f t e r t h e f i r s t 25 h o u r s .

D u e t o t h e i r g r e a t i n t e r e s t f o r a e r o s p a c e a p p l i c a t i o n s a n u m b e r o f n i c k e l b a s e s u p e r a l l o y s w e r e d e v e l o p e d in t h e p a s t . F o r i n s t a n c e , h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s i n g l e c r y s t a l b l a d e s w e r e r e c e n t l y d e s i g n e d f o r a i r c r a f t e n g i n e s 1 . T h e s e m a t e r i a l s d e r i v e t h e i r e x c e l lent c r e e p p r o p e r t i e s f r o m t h e p r e s e n c e of 7' o r d e r e d p r e c i p i t a t e s f i n e l y d i s p e r s e d in a F C C s o l id s o l u t i o n . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f p a r t i c l e s is b a s e d o n N i 3 A 1 w h i l e t h e m a t r i x is a c h r o m i u m e n r i c h e d p h a s e .

V a r i o u s n i c k e l b a s e a l l o y s w e r e s t u d i e d in t h e p a s t . F o r i n s t a n c e , W e n d t et a 1 C2] r e c e n t l y i n v e s t i g a t e d t h e d e c o m p o s i t i o n P r o c e s s in a b i n a r y N i Al a l l o y . T h e y s h o w e d , in c o n t r a s t t o H i l l a n d R a l p h r e s u l t s C 3 1 , t h a t t h i s m a t e r i a l o b e y s c l a s s i c a l l a w s . T h i s p a p e r i s a i m e d a t r e p o r t i n g s o m e a t o m - p r o b e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w e m a d e on t h e e a r l y s t a g e s of f o r m a t i o n of 7 ' p r e c i p i t a t e s in a s i m p l i f i e d s u p e r a l l o y C 4 1 . T h e m i c r o s t r u c t u r e P a r a m e t e r s a s wel l a s t h e p h a s e c o m p o s i t i o n w e r e f o l l o w e d a s a f u n c t i o n of t h e a g i n g t i m e . T h e

i s o t h e r m a l h e a t t r e a t m e n t w a s c a r r i e d o u t a t T = 650'C.

I I - E X P E R I M E N T A L

T h e s i m p l i f i e d s u p e r a l l o y s w e s t u d i e d w e r e s u p p l i e d b y t h e O f f i c e N a t i o n a l d'Etudes et d e R e c h e r c h e s A E r o s P a t i a l e s CONERA). T h e m a t e r i a l s w e r e f a b r i c a t e d by p o w d e r m e t a l l u r g y t h e n , s o l u t i o n t r e a t e d 1 h o u r a t 1100'C. T h i s t r e a t m e n t w a s i m m e d i a t e l y f o l l o w e d b y a w a t e r

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1987659

(3)

JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

q u e n c h in o r d e r t o a v o i d c l u s t e r f o r m a t ion a l r e a d y d u r i n g c o o l i n g . T h e k i n e t i c s of p r e c i p i t a t i o n w a s f o l l o w e d f o r a g i n g t i m e s v a r y i n g f r o m 1 5 m n t o 5 0 0 h a t T = 6 5 0 ° C . E v e r y e x p e r i m e n t s w e r e c o n d u c t e d u s i n g a c o n v e n t i o n a l a t o m - p r o b e o p e r a t i n g a t T

"

4 0 K in a v a c u u m of a f e w

T o r r .

N i c k e l b a s e a l l o y s a r e k n o w n t o b e v e r y s e n s i t i v e t o P r e f e r e n t i a l e v a p o r a t i o n e f f e c t s [4], [ S ] . A l o w s p e c i m e n t e m p e r a t u r e C 4 0 K ) a s well a s a h i g h pulse. f r a c t i o n C 2 0 % > w e r e u s e d in o r d e r t o p r e v e n t s u c h e f f e c t s f r o m i n t e r f e r i n g . In a d d i t i o n , t h e a v e r a g e d n u m b e r of P u l s e s p e r c o l l e c t e d ion w a s k e p t g r e a t e r t h a n 20 s o t h a t t o m i n i m i z e P i l e - u p a r t i f a c t s .

I I I - R E S U L T S A N D Dl S C U S S I ON

A t y p i c a l m a s s s p e c t r u m of t h e a s - q u e n c h e d m a t e r i a l i s g i v e n f i g u r e 1. T h e o v e r a l l c o m p o s i t i o n of t h e s u p e r a l l o y a s m e a s u r e d b y t h e a t o m - p r o b e i s c o m p a r e d in t a b l e 1 t o t h e n o m i n a l c o m p o s i t i o n g i v e n b y t h e O N E R A . T h e v e r y g o o d a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n b o t h d a t a s e t s s h o w s t h a t t h e e x p e r i m e n f a l c o n d i t i o n s a r e o p t i m u m .

N i + Co, A t o m - p r o b e

(46000 i o n s )

N o m i n a l 4 . 2 6 1 0 . 8 6 8 3 . 4 6

c o m p o s i t ion

T a b l e 1

S t a t i s t i c a l t e s t s a s wel 1 a s a u t o c o r r e l a t ion a n a l y s e s w e r e p e r f o r m e d in o r d e r t o ensur.e t h a t n o p r e c i p i t a t i o n o c c u r s in t h e a s - q u e n c h e d s t a t e . N o Al r i c h n u c l e u s w a s a c t u a l l y d e t e c t e d .

T h e c o n c e n t r a t ion prof i l e s s h o w n in f i g u r e 2 i l l u s t r a t e t h e f l u c t u a t i o n s w h i c h a r e o b s e r v e d f o r a n a g i n g t i m e of I h a t 650.C. T h e 7 ' p r e c i p i t a t e s a p p e a r a s C A l , T i ) e n r i c h e d a n d C r d e p l e t e d z o n e s . B e c a u s e o f t h e l a r g e c o n c e n t r a t ion f l u c t u a t i o n s , t h e i n t e r p r e t a t ion o f prof i l e s is s o m e w h a t dif f icul t . I t is s o m e t i m e s del i c a t e t o d e c i d e w h e t h e r a c o n c e n t r a t ion P e a k i s a p a r t i c l e o r n o t .

In s p i t e of t h e s e p r o b l e m s , it h a s b e e n p o s s i b l e t o d e r i v e t h e m i c r o s t r u c t u r e p a r a m e t e r s of t h e m a t e r i a l a s w e l l a s t h e p h a s e c o m p o s i t ion f r o m t h e c o n c e n t r a t ion s i g n a l f e a t u r e s . T a b l e 2 g i v e s t h e a t o m - p r o b e d a t a o b t a i n e d . F o r t h e a l l o y a g e d f o r I h t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e , t h e v o l u m e f r a c t i o n a n d t h e n u m b e r d e n s i t y h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d b y u s i n g t h e m e t h o d w e d e s c r i b e d last y e a r [6]. T h e a v e r a g e d l a t e r a l r e s o l u t i o n w a s c l o s e t o 1 5 A .

It i s n o t e w o r t h y t o n o t i c e t h e p a r t i c l e d i a m e t e r cb a s d e d u c e d f r o m t h e a p p a r e n t s i z e 2 of e n r i c h e d r e g i o n s [1] w a s f o u n d in g o o d a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e v a l u e o f t h e f i r s t m i n i m u m k g in t h e a u t o c o r r e l o g r a m . In a d d i t ion t h e v o l u m e f r a c t i o n F, a s c a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e l i n e a r f r a c t i o n P C [?I i s a l s o c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e m e a s u r e d p h a s e c o m p o s i t ion ( t a b l e 3). T h e o v e r a l l c o m p o s i t i o n C , a s d e d u c e d f r o m t h e l e v e r r u l e CF, = 1 . 5 X ) i s c l o s e t o t h a t g i v e n in t a b l e 1 .

(4)

T a b l e 2 s i z e .e

of e n r i c h e d r e g i o n s 3 6 A

P a r t ic l e d i a m e t e r

+

5 0 + 16 A

Cornposit ion

T a b l e 3 f r a c t i o n

e

1 3 . 1 % V o l u m e f r a c t i o n F, 1 . 5 % f 0.4%

T h e e v o l u t i o n of t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e @ a n d t h e n u m b e r d e n s i t y N, a s a f u n c t i o n of t h e a g i n g t i m e is e x h i b i t e d in f i g u r e s 3 a n d 4 . H o w e v e r , t h e r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t t h e p r e c i p i t a t i o n p r o c e s s is c o m p o s e d o f t w o d i s t i n c t r e g i m e s . F o r . a g i n g t i m e s m a l l e r t h a n o n e h o u r t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e i s n e a r l y c o n s t a n t w h i l e t h e n u m b e r d e n s i t y N u i s o b s e r v e d t o i n c r e a s e w i t h t i m e . In c o n t r a s t , f o r l a r g e r a g i n g t i m e s , t h e z o n e r a d i u s i n c r e a s e s a p p r o x i m a t e l y a s ti'3while N u d e c r e a s e s

b e t w e e n p a r t i c l e s

-

P 2 6 0 A N u m b e r d e n s i t y N u 1 . 2 10" p a r t / c m 3

p r o p o r t i o n a l l y t o t-' . T h e s e t w o t i m e r a n g e s a r e t h o u g h t t o b e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e n u c l e a t i o n - g r o w t h of n u c l e i a n d t h e s u b s e q u e n t c o a r s e n i n g of p a r t i c l e s . T h e o b s e r v e d g r o w t h l a w a s w e l l a s t h e t i m e d e p e n d a n c e o f t h e d e n s i t y a r e , b e s i d e s , in a r e a s o n a b l e a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e well k n o w n t h e o r y o f d i f f u s i o n c o n t r o l l e d c o a r s e n i n g d e v e l o p e d b y L i f s h i t z , S l y o z o v a n d W a g n e r C81, [9]. S u c h l a w s h a v e b e e n o b s e r v e d in n u m b e r of c a s e s e s p e c i a l 1 y f o r n i c k e l b a s e a l l o y s [ 2 ] . T h e s e m a t e r i a l s a r e a c t u a l l y g o o d c a n d i d a t e s b e c a u s e i m p o r t a n t h y p o t h e s e s of t h e t h e o r y a r e s a t i s f i e d ( s m a l l i n t e r f a c i a l e n e r g y , s p h e r i c a l P r e c i p i t a t e s > .

T h e A l + T i a n d C r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s in p a r t i c l e s a r e g i v e n in f i g u r e 5 a s a f u n c t i o n of t h e a g i n g t i m e . T h e r e s u l t s s h o w t h a t t h e p r e c i p i t a t e c o m p o s i t i o n c h a n g e s in a l a r g e e x t e n t in t h e e a r l y s t a g e s o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n , t h a t is f o r t h e n u c l e a t ion s t a g e . H o w e v e r , t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h e s t a t i s t i c a l f l u o t u a t i o n s , o n e c a n s e e t h a t p r e c i p i t a t e s r e a c h t h e i r s t e a d y - s t a t e c o n c e n t r u t ion a f t e r t h e f irst 2 5 h o u r s . In a d d i t i o n , e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a m a y b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n of c h r o m i u m o n a l u m i n i u m s i t e s of t h e o r d e r e d Ni,CAl+Ti)

(5)

JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

T h e f i g u r e 6 s h o w s t h e e v o l u t i o n o f t h e m a t r i x c o n c e n t r a t i o n d u r i n g t h e d e c o m p o s i t i o n p r o c e s s . A s e x p e c t e d , t h e A 1 s u p e r s a t u r a t i o n d e c r e a s e s s l o w l y w h i l e t h e c h r o m i u m l e v e l i n c r e a s e s . T h e v o l u m e f r a c t i o n as d e d u c e d f r o m p h a s e c o m p o s i t i o n v a r i e s f r o m 8 X t o 1 4 % i n t h e c o a r s e n i n g s t a g e .

A s a c o n c l u s i o n , t h e a t o m - p r o b e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w e p e r f o r m e d s h o w t h a t 7' p a r t i c l e s f o r m v i a n u c l e i t h e A 1 c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f w h i c h i n c r e a s e s w i t h a g i n g t i m e w h i l e t h e c h r o m i u m l e v e l d e c r e a s e s . I n s p i t e o f t h i s , n o p e r i o d i c a l l y d i s p e r s e d e n r i c h e d z o n e s w e r e o b s e r v e d . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e r e s u l t s m a y b e i n t e r p r e t e d i n t h e s c o p e o f t h e c l a s s i c a l L S W t h e o r y .

A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S

-

T h e a u t h o r s w i s h t o t h a n k D r s W a l d e r a n d M a r t y f r o r n t h e O N E R A w h o s u p p l i e d t h e s a m p l e s f o r f r u i t f u l d i s c u s s i o n s . T h i s w o r k h a v e b e e n f i n a n c i a l l y s u p p o r t e d b y t h e D i r e c t i o n d e s R e c h e r c h e s E t u d e s e t T e c h n i q u e s [ D R E T c o n t r a t N e 8 4 / 1 2 3 0 a n d 8 5 1 1 4 2 4 3 w e w o u l d l i k e t o a c k n o w l e d g e .

R E F E R E N C E S

D . B L A V E T T E a n d A . B O S T E L A c t a M e t 3 2 ( 1 9 8 4 ) 8 1 1 H . W E N D T a n d P . H A A S E N , A c t a M e t . 3 1 ( 1 9 8 3 ) 1 6 4 9

S . A . H I L L a n d B . R A L P H , P r o c . o f C o n f . P h a s e T r a n s f . , Y o r k , I n s t i t u t i o n o f M e t . C o n f . , v o l . 2 , s e r . 3 , 1 1 C 1 9 7 9 ) 4 4

D . B L A V E T T E , A . B O S T E L , J . M. S A R R A U M e t . T r a n s 16 A ( 1 9 8 5 ) 1 7 0 3 K . M . D E L A R G Y a n d G . D . W . S M I T H , M e t . T r a n s . 1 4 A ( 1 9 8 3 ) I 7 7 1 D . B L A V E T T E a n d S . C H A M B R E L A N D J . d e P h y s . C7-11 t 4 7 ( 1 9 8 6 ) 2 8 1 D . B L A V E T T E , A . M E N A N D a n d A . B O S T E L , T h i s s y m p o s i u m

I . M. L I P S H l T Z , V . V . S L Y O Z O V , J . P h y s . C h e m . S o l i d s 1 9 C 1 9 6 1 > 3 5 C . W A G N E R , 2 . E l e k t r o c h e m i e 6 5 C 1 9 6 1 ) 5 8 1

F i g u r e 1 : M a s s s p e c t r u m o f t h e a s - q u e n c h e d N i c k e l B a s e S u p e r a l l o y

(6)

F i g u r e 2 : C o n c e n t r a t i o n p r o f i l e s o b t a i n e d f o r t h e m a t e r i a l a g e d f o r l h a t 6 5 0 ' C . 7' P a r t i c l e s a p p e a r as C A I , T i ) e n r i c h e d r e g i o n s .

F i g u r e 3 : T h e p a r t i c l e s i z e a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e a g i n g t i m e a t 650'C

(7)

JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

F i g u r e 4 : T h e n u m b e r d e n s i t y v e r s u s t h e a g i n g t i m e a t 6 5 0 - C

F i g u r e 5 : M e a s u r e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s in 7' p a r t i c l e s a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e a g i n g t i m e a t 6 5 0 . 1 2

15

F i g u r e 6 : H a t r i x c o m p o s i t i o n v e r s u s t h e a g i n g t i m e a t 6 5 0 ° C

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to