• Aucun résultat trouvé

Moments and Tails in Monotone-Separable Stochastic Networks

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Moments and Tails in Monotone-Separable Stochastic Networks"

Copied!
44
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00072425

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072425

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Moments and Tails in Monotone-Separable Stochastic Networks

François Baccelli, Serguei Foss

To cite this version:

François Baccelli, Serguei Foss. Moments and Tails in Monotone-Separable Stochastic Networks.

[Research Report] RR-4197, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072425�

(2)

ISRN INRIA/RR--4197--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 1

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Moments and Tails in Monotone–Separable Stochastic Networks

François Baccelli — Serguei Foss

N° 4197

June 2001

(3)
(4)

Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt

,-. 0/1%$2

3547698;:=<?>A@CBD60EFEFG=HAHI>JLKMGF4ON?P;GF>Q3R<?@O@TS

UV+WYX[Z[\]_^`baZdcFe?fZYgaih?aigWYX[Zba

jklFmnZYgU%^oqp

^cFrsr;ltkigusZ kZbvV+ZYkvV+Zxwy{z+\d|~}]_€esw+ZT€‚€‚?\ƒ]„z…‚#r†cF‡~Zba

ˆŠ‰{‹bŒdFŽs€Œ€ ‘ w+ZYg“’qltki”–•&ZY—˜ltws‡~a™glšgiV+Z›X[ltw+ltgltw+ZœaZYr†cFkcF•s—˜ZvY—žctaaLŸ¡  Ÿ¢ga™aigcFgZ¤£tcFkiŸžcF•s—˜Zba¥cFkZ

V+ltX[lt‡~ZYw+Zblte+aTcFw+u¦X[ltw+ltgltw+Z §esw+vYgiŸ˜ltw+a lF ¨giV+ZLZYr;l0vV+aƒlF ©giV+ZLcFkikiŸ¢£tcF—"rskl9vbZbaadªCUVsŸ˜aƒ §kcFX[ZY’qltki”;«

’%VsŸ˜vV#’cta.¬+kaig{Ÿ¢w0gikl0u?e+vbZbu#glDusZYkiŸ¢£~Z©giV+Z©aigcF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g“hkZY‡€Ÿ˜ltw ­ltk"aigl0vV†ctaigiŸ˜v©w+ZYg“’©ltki”9a"’%Ÿ¢giVLaigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih

cFw+u®ZYki‡~l0u?Ÿ˜vu?kiŸ¢£0Ÿ¢ws‡¯aZb°0e+ZYw+vbZbad«Ÿ˜aŠkZY£0Ÿ˜aiŸ¢gZbuRª²±³gŠvbltw…gcFŸ¢w+aaZY£~ZYkcF—DvY—žctaaiŸ˜vdcF—D°0e+ZYe+ZYŸ¢ws‡´w+ZYg³’qltki”

X[l9usZY—˜ad«+Ÿ¢w+vY—¢e+u?Ÿ¢ws‡¥‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—¢Ÿ¢µdZbuœ0ctv”?altwœw+ZYg³’qltki”?ad«X™c=f›rs—¢e+aw+ZYg³’qltki”?ad«†Xes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYkD°…e+ZYe+Zbad«&cFw+u

£€cFkiŸ˜lte+a.vY—žctaaZba{lF †agl0vV†ctaigiŸ˜vqj.ZYgikiŸ?w+ZYgadª¶esk{rseskir;l€aZQŸ˜a{giV+ZcFw†cF—¢h9aiŸ˜a"lF +giV+ZqgcFŸ¢—˜a{lF +giV+Z©aigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih

aigcFgZƒ£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜Zba%Ÿ¢wgiV+ZDr†cFkigiŸ˜vYes—žcFkvdctaZ lF {Ÿ·ªŸ·ª¸uRªu?kiŸ¢£9Ÿ¢ws‡[aZb°0e+ZYw+vbZbadª¹+ltk%giVsŸ˜ad«9’qZ ZbagcF•s—¢Ÿ˜aiVº‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—

vbltXLr†cFkiŸ˜altwœkZY—žcFgiŸ˜ltw+aiVsŸ¢r+a•;ZYg“’©ZbZYwœw+ZYg³’qltki”?alF "giVsŸ˜avY—žctaacFw+u›giV+Z»D±i¼€»D±n¼9\½¼€¾¿°…e+ZYe+Z€ª¨ÀšZD¬+kaig

e+aZgiVsŸ˜agl aV+ld’ÁgiV†cFgQg³’qlCvY—žctaaiŸ˜vdcF—+kZbaies—¢gaQlF ;giV+Zctaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜v%giV+Zbltkih §ltkq» ±n¼€»D±i¼9\½¼€¾Â°0e+ZYe+ZbaQvdcFw

•;ZTu?Ÿ¢kZbvYgi—¢h¤Z7f?gZYw+usZbu¤glŠgiVsŸ˜a AkcFX[ZY’©ltki”&ªUV+ZC¬+kaigƒltw+Zvbltw+vbZYkiw+aƒgiV+ZZ7f9Ÿ˜agZYw+vbZTlF QX[ltX[ZYw…gaƒ ­ltk

giV+ZagcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih[aigcFgZ%£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜Zbadª"ÀšZZbaigcF•s—¢Ÿ˜aiVŠgiV†cFgQ ­ltkqcF—¢—ÃÅÄÆ~«0giV+ZÃCǚÆYÈ·X[ltX[ZYw…g%vbltw+u?Ÿ¢giŸ˜ltw™ ­ltk

aZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZCgiŸ¢X[ZbaŸ˜aw+ZbvbZbaacFkih¤cFw+u¤aie?əvYŸ˜ZYw0gƒ §ltkgiV+ZTZ7f?Ÿ˜aigZYw+vbZlF giV+Z#ÃRÈ·X[ltX[ZYw0gƒ §ltkgiV+ZTaigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih

X™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—+u+cFgZYk%ÊAg³h0rsŸ˜vdcF—¢—¢hgiV+Z©giŸ¢X[ZglDZYXLrsg“hgiV+Zqw+ZYg³’qltki”#’%V+ZYwLaigltrsrsŸ¢ws‡D §eskigiV+ZYkcFkikiŸ¢£€cF—˜aO˟¢w[cFw…h

w+ZYg“’©ltki”[lF RgiVsŸ˜a¨vY—žctaadª.UV+ZaZbvbltw+uŠltw+Z%Ÿ˜a¨c u?Ÿ¢kZbvYgqZ7f9gZYw+aiŸ˜ltw¥lF &ÌQZYkcd£~ZYki•&ZY”~Z€Í¸aqgcFŸ¢—&ctah0XLrsgltgiŸ˜v ­ltk

giV+ZTagcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih¥’cFŸ¢giŸ¢ws‡ŠgiŸ¢X[ZbaŸ¢w›giV+Z#»D±n¼€» ±n¼9\½¼€¾Î°…e+ZYe+Z€ªqÀšZTaiV+l½’ÏgiV†cFgesw+usZYkƒaies•?ȓZ7f?r&ltw+ZYw0giŸžcF—

ctaaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw+a™ ­ltkŠaZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZ›giŸ¢X[Zbad«giV+Z¤aigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkihÁX™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—Du+cFgZYk™Ÿ¢wcFw…hÁaie+vV1w+ZYg³’qltki”ÁV†ctaŠgcFŸ¢—

ctaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜vba ’%VsŸ˜vV´vdcFwš•&Z•;ltesw+usZbu¦ §kltXЕ&ZY—˜l½’ÑcFw+u¦ AkltXÒcF•;ld£~Z#•0h¦c¥Xes—¢giŸ¢rs—˜Z™lF ©giV+ZLaZbvbltw+u

gcFŸ¢—˜alF +aZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZgiŸ¢X[Zbadª.±³w ‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—·«=giV+Z¨esrsr&ZYk.cFw+uCgiV+Z—˜l½’qZYk.•&ltesw+usa{usl%w+ltg{vbltŸ¢w+vYŸ˜usZ€ª.ÓZY£~ZYkigiV+ZY—˜Zbaad«

Z7f+ctvYgctaih0XLrsgltgiŸ˜vbavdcFw›•;Z lt•sgcFŸ¢w+Zbu¤cF—˜ltws‡[giV+ZCacFX[ZD—¢Ÿ¢w+Zba §ltk%£€cFkiŸ˜lte+aair;ZbvYŸžcF—5vdctaZbalF "w+ZYg“’©ltki”9a½«

rskld£9Ÿ˜u?Ÿ¢ws‡›u?Ÿ¢kZbvYg Z7f9gZYw+aŸ˜ltw+aƒlF qÌQZYkcb£~ZYki•;ZY”~Z€Í¸aDgcFŸ¢—ctah0XLrsgltgiŸ˜v ­ltkgiV+ZaigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih¤’cFŸ¢giŸ¢ws‡ºgiŸ¢X[Zba

Ÿ¢w¤giV+ZL»D±i¼€»D±i¼9\½¼€¾Î°0e+ZYe+Z€ªÀšZZ7f?ZYXLrs—¢Ÿ¡ §hºgiVsŸ˜aƒltwœgcFw+usZYX°…e+ZYe+ZbaLÊAX™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—.u+cFgZYka cFw+uœusZY—žcbh?a

Ÿ¢w¯aigcFgiŸ˜ltw+aOËctaT’©ZY—¢—%ctaltwÅXTes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYkL°0e+ZYe+ZbadªœUVsŸ˜aX[ZYgiV+l9uslt—˜lt‡€hš ­ltkZ7f+ctvYgctaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜vba#vdcFw

•;ZCZ7f9gZYw+usZbu¤gl™ltgiV+ZYkƒvY—žctaaZbalF X[ltw+ltgltw+ZaZYr†cFkcF•s—˜ZTw+ZYg³’qltki”?a—¢Ÿ¢”~ZT‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—{kZbu?e+vYŸ¢•s—˜ZTX™c=f›rs—¢e+a

w+ZYg“’©ltki”9a½«†ltk%‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—¢Ÿ¢µdZbu¤0ctv”?altw¤w+ZYg³’qltki”?adª

ÔQÕIÖ.×Õ§ØÙIÚ+ÖۀÜdچÖ"Û~ܽÝbÞqß·à=áâ…ãä{åçæ–èOÞOéOéYÞ%êsëß·ìîín܀ï½ß“ëOðFñòá¨óï=ߓëðFñnôOìîínõö&ëOñnñnáòåçåîìø÷.ánð=ínõùøßòúû;üFá"ý&ôOß·þôOù?ÿ·ü=ìîí{ëà=ÿ·ü=ôOß

ýRëí{í­à€ôß­ÿ·áiâ%ÿ·üFáQûƒ×œØ{åçë €áiâ=ání½ß·ô Aánñòÿ.ëOðtâÕIÖ"û?Ø.Û~õ

ÕIðFí§ÿ·ì¸ÿ·à=ÿ·á&ôOùDëÿ·üFánæëÿ·ìçñòínÜOé7é7é"Ö.ôYôOí­ìFì¸ß·í­þ€ÜY×àFí­í­ìçë"átëß­ÿ·æ%áòðdÿ9ôOù~ØRñòÿ·àFëß·ìçëOåDëÿ·ü=ánæëÿ·ìîñní+ëðtâ©Ûdÿ“ëÿ·ìîí§Ù

ÿ·ìîñnínÜ.á³ß·ìçôÿ­ÙLëÿ­ÿ.ä.ð=ì7áòß·í­ì¸ÿ b܀چâ=ìîð!Fà½ß#"7ü…Ü~ä$õ…óÛ~õïFôOí­í“÷.æë½õübýõëñ7õàFþFú%û;üFáQý;ôOß·þ ôùÿ·ü=ìîí"ëOà½ÿ·üFôß.ýRëí"í­à€ôOß­ÿ·áiâ

ÕAÖ"û9Ø"ÛëOðtâÿ·ü=á&%bëFà=ðFô'&ánðbÿ·áòßiõ

(5)

')(*+,.- %/.‹€ ¶r&ZYwœ°…e+ZYe+ZYŸ¢ws‡[w+ZYg³’qltki”;«ZYki‡~l9u?Ÿ˜vCrskltr;ZYkig“h~«aies•?ȳctusu?Ÿ¢giŸ¢£~ZTZYki‡~l9u?Ÿ˜vCgiV+ZbltkZYX›«aies•?È

Z7f?r&ltw+ZYw0giŸžcF—5kcFw+usltX(£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜Z€«sV+Zdcb£9hŠgcFŸ¢—·«+Ÿ¢w…gZY‡€kcFgZbu›gcFŸ¢—·«+ÌQZYkcb£~ZYki•;ZY”~Z€Í¸agiV+ZbltkZYX›«+…ctv”9altw›w+ZYgnÈ

’qltki”;«sX™c=frs—¢e+aw+ZYg³’qltki”;«+gcFw+usZYX °0e+ZYe+Z€«sXTes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYk°0e+ZYe+Z€ª

(6)

ƒ );*+ Ï . "!#%$;%'

‹  w¥k`baZdcFe¥ltes£~ZYkigcFrsr†cFkigiŸ˜ZYw0g —žcvY—žctaaZX[ltw+ltgltw+Z7ȓa`Yr†cFkcF•s—˜Z aiŸ;aZba¨£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜ZbauR͸`YgcFg

altw0gusZba §ltw+vYgiŸ˜ltw+aV+ltX[lt‡~WYw+ZbaZYg%X[ltw+ltgltw+ZbausZbau+cFgZbauRÍîcFkikiŸ¢£~`bZbau+cFw+a—˜ZDk`baZdcFe5ª†p©Z vdctu?kZ€«+°0esŸ

cŸ¢wsŸ¢giŸžcF—˜ZYX[ZYw…gD`Yg` Ÿ¢w0gikl0u?esŸ¢gr&lteskcFw†cF—¢h?aZYk%—žc#k`Y‡€Ÿ˜ltwœusZCaigcF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g`CusZ k`baZdcFe?fºagl0vV†ctaigiŸ˜°…e+Zbaalte+a

usZbaƒV…h9r&ltgiV+WbaZba aigcFgiŸ˜ltwsw†cFŸ¢kZba ZYki‡~l0u?Ÿ˜°0e+Zbad«;vbltw…giŸ˜ZYw0g rs—¢e+aiŸ˜ZYeskaDX[l9usWY—˜ZbaƒvY—žctaaiŸ˜°…e+ZbaDvbltXLX[Z—˜ZbaDk`7È

aZdcFe?f#usZ©0ctv”?altwL‡~`Yw+`YkcF—¢Ÿ˜a`bad«t—˜Zba"k`baZdcFe?fºÊAX™c=f;«rs—¢e+a7Ë{—¢Ÿ¢w+`dcFŸ¢kZbad«t—˜Zba.¬+—˜Zba"XTes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYeska¨ZYgQu?Ÿ¢£~ZYkaZba

vY—žctaaZbausZ[k`baZdcFe?f usZŠj{ZYgikiŸ%aigl9vV†ctagiŸ˜°…e+Zbadª5Z[•sesgusZŠvbZYg#cFkigiŸ˜vY—˜ZŠZbagC—·ÍîcFw†cF—¢h9aZ™usZba°…e+ZYe+ZbausZba

u?Ÿ˜aigikiŸ¢•sesgiŸ˜ltw+a aigcFgiŸ˜ltwsw†cFŸ¢kZba usZbaƒ£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜ZbaDuR͸`YgcFgDusZvbZbaƒk`baZdcFe?fœu+cFw+aƒ—˜Z#vdctaŸ·ªŸ·ª¸uRª;j.ltesk vbZT ·cFŸ¢kZ€«

w+lte+a`YgcF•s—¢Ÿ˜aaltw+ausZYe?fŠkZY—žcFgiŸ˜ltw+ausZDvbltXLr†cFkcFŸ˜altwºZYw…gikZD—˜Zbaqk`baZdcFe?fusZvbZYgigZƒvY—žctaaZƒZYg—žc ¬+—˜ZƒuRÍîcFgnÈ

gZYw…gZ»D±n¼€» ±n¼9\½¼€¾ ªsӃlte+a%esgiŸ¢—¢Ÿ˜altw+avbZba%kZY—žcFgiŸ˜ltw+ar;ltesk%‡~`Yw+`YkcF—¢Ÿ˜aZYkusZYe?fk`baies—¢gcFgactah0XLrsgltgiŸ˜°0e+Zba

•sŸ˜ZYw¯vbltwsw…e+a#aiesk—·Í¸`YgcFgaigcFgiŸ˜ltwsw†cFŸ¢kZusZ™—žcº¬+—˜ZŠuRÍîcFgigZYw…gZ¤»D±i¼€»D±i¼9\½¼€¾ cFe?fšk`baZdcFe?f´X[ltw+ltgltw+ZbanÈ

a`Yr†cFkcF•s—˜Zbadª5ZŠrskZYXLŸ˜ZYkLuR͸ZYw…gikZZYe?f vbltw+vbZYkiw+Z¥—˜ZbaTX[ltX[ZYw0gaLusZbaT£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜Zba#uR͸`YgcFg#agcFgiŸ˜ltwsw†cFŸ¢kZbadª

Ӄlte+aX[ltw…gikltw+a°0e+ZDr;ltesk©gltesgÃÅÄÆ~«?—·ÍV0h0r;ltgiV+WbaZ usZDX[ltX[ZYw0guR͸ltku?kZTÃŠÇ–Æ r;ltesk—˜Zba%gZYXLr+ausZ

aZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZZbagw+`bvbZbaaOcFŸ¢kZZYgDaie?əacFw0gZr&lteskD—·Í¸Z7f?Ÿ˜aigZYw+vbZu?e¦X[ltX[ZYw0gCuR͸ltku?kZ#ÃÁu?e¦u+cFgZYeskDX™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—

aigcFgiŸ˜ltwsw†cFŸ¢kZ¥ÊAgZYXLr+a%r&ltesk£0Ÿ˜usZYk%—˜ZDk`baZdcFeœ°…e†cFw+uºltwœcFkikYgZC—˜ZbacFkikiŸ¢£~`bZbaOËusZDgltesgk`baZdcFe¤usZ vbZYgigZ

vY—žctaaZ€ª5Z%aZbvbltw+u#k`baies—¢gcFg¨Zbaig"esw+Z%Z7f?gZYw+aiŸ˜ltw[u?Ÿ¢kZbvYgZ%u?eLgiV+`bltkWYX[ZusZÌQZYkcb£~ZYki•;ZY”~Zaiesk"—˜Z%vbltXLr;ltknÈ

gZYX[ZYw…gctaih0XLrsgltgiŸ˜°0e+ZLusZ#—žc¥°…e+ZYe+ZLusZ#—žc¥u?Ÿ˜aigikiŸ¢•sesgiŸ˜ltw´u?e gZYXLr+aCuRÍîcFgigZYw…gZ[agcFgiŸ˜ltwsw†cFŸ¢kZ[u+cFw+a —žc

¬+—˜Z» ±n¼€»D±i¼9\½¼€¾ ªÓlte+aX[ltw…gikltw+aD°…e+Zalte+aƒusZbaV…h9r;ltgWbaZbaalte+anȓZ7f9r;ltw+ZYw…giŸ˜ZY—¢—˜ZbaDaiesk—˜ZbagZYXLr+aDusZ

aZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZ€«s—˜Z u+cFgZYeskX™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—aigcFgiŸ˜ltwsw†cFŸ¢kZusZ gltesgk`baZdcFeœusZCvbZYgigZCvY—žctaaZCcLesw+ZCu?Ÿ˜aigikiŸ¢•sesgiŸ˜ltwœusltw0g

—žc#°0e+ZYe+Z r&ZYesgYgikZctaih0XLrsgltgiŸ˜°0e+ZYX[ZYw…gX™c=mnltk`bZTZYg%XLŸ¢w+ltk`bZ r†cFkusZba%Xes—¢giŸ¢rs—˜ZbausZ —žc#°0e+ZYe+Z usZ —žc

u?Ÿ˜aigikiŸ¢•sesgiŸ˜ltw uR͸Z7fsvbWbaƒusZbaƒaZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZbadª&owœ‡~`Yw+`YkcF—·«;vbZbaƒusZYe?f¤•;ltkiw+Zbaw+Zvbl­w+vYŸ˜usZYw…gDr†ctadª&Ӄ`dcFwsX[ltŸ¢w+ad«

usZbactaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜°…e+ZbaZ7fsctvYgZbar;ZYes£~ZYw…gYgikZ lt•sgZYw0e+Zbau+cFw+a—žc—¢Ÿ¢‡€w+`bZ usZbak`baies—¢gcFgarsk`bvb`busZYw…gar;ltesk

u?Ÿ¢£~ZYka™vdcta™r†cFkigiŸ˜vYes—¢Ÿ˜ZYk¥usZ›k`baZdcFe?f;ª¨Ólte+aŠusltwsw+ltw+aŠZYwÁr†cFkigiŸ˜vYes—¢Ÿ˜ZYk¥usZba™Z7f?gZYw+aiŸ˜ltw+a™u?e–giV+`bltkWYX[Z

usZÌQZYkcb£~ZYki•;ZY”~ZLr;lteskDusZbaƒ¬+—˜Zba uRÍîcFgigZYw0gZ[ZYwša`YkiŸ˜ZºÊ§u+cFgZYesk X™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—QZYgDus`Y—žcFŸ˜a u+cFw+aC—˜ZbaƒagcFgiŸ˜ltw+aOË

cFŸ¢w+aiŸ+°0e+Zr&ltesk—˜Zba.¬+—˜ZbaQXTes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYeskadª?p©ZYgigZX[`YgiV+l0usZr&lteskQlt•sgZYwsŸ¢kQ—˜ZbaQctah0XLrsgltgiŸ˜°0e+ZbaQZ7f+ctvYgZbaQaZ

‡~`Yw+`YkcF—¢Ÿ˜aZ ¥uRÍîcFesgikZba vY—žctaaZba usZk`baZdcFe?fX[ltw+ltgltw+Zbanȓa`Yr†cFkcF•s—˜ZbavbltXLX[Z#—˜Zbak`baZdcFe?f¯ÊAX™c=fR«rs—¢e+aOË

—¢Ÿ¢w+`dcFŸ¢kZba‡~`Yw+`YkcFe?f ÊAŸ¢kik`bu?e+vYgiŸ¢•s—˜Zbaƒlte›w+ltwËlte›ZYw+vbltkZT—˜Zba%k`baZdcFe?fºusZC…ctv”?altw›‡~`Yw+`YkcF—¢Ÿ˜a`badª

! - Œd‹ + #" ‹– k`baZdcFe–ltes£~ZYkigd«¬+—˜Z›uRÍîcFgigZYw…gZ€«qZYki‡~l0u?Ÿ˜vYŸ¢g`€«Qalte+anȳctusu?Ÿ¢giŸ¢£0Ÿ¢g`€«¨alte+anȓZ7f?r&ltw+ZYw0giŸžcF—¢Ÿ¢g`€«

£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜ZcF—˜`dcFgltŸ¢kZ€«°0e+ZYe+Z¤`Yr†cFŸ˜aaZ€«©u?Ÿ˜aigikiŸ¢•sesgiŸ˜ltw uR͸Z7f?vbWba½«¨giV+`bltkWYX[ZusZ¤ÌQZYkcd£~ZYki•&ZY”~Z€«©k`baZdcFe usZ

…ctv”9altw5«+k`baZdcFe´ÊAX™c=fR«rs—¢e+aOË©—¢Ÿ¢w+`dcFŸ¢kZ€«s¬+—˜ZbaZYw¤a`YkiŸ˜Z€«9¬+—˜Z Xes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYeskdª

(7)

†$; )5 &

ÀšZCaiV+l½’ÏŸ¢wºgiV+Z rskZbaZYw0gr†cFr;ZYkgiV†cFgrskltr;ZYkigiŸ˜Zba%’%VsŸ˜vVœV†cb£~Z •;ZbZYw›”9w+ld’%wº ­ltkc#—˜ltws‡LgiŸ¢X[ZD ­ltk%giV+Z

gcFŸ¢—ctaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜vba[lF Ÿ˜alt—žcFgZbu aiŸ¢ws‡€—˜ZºaZYki£~ZYk[°0e+ZYe+Zba[vdcFw •&ZZ7f?gZYw+usZbu¯gl¦giV+ZºvY—žctaaLlF ƒagl0vV†ctaigiŸ˜v

w+ZYg“’©ltki”9a’%VsŸ˜vVcFkZ

ZbvYgiŸ˜ltwÁaiesXLX™cFkiŸ¢µdZbagiV+ZusZ7¬+wsŸ¢giŸ˜ltw–cFw+u X™cFŸ¢w¯kZbaies—¢ga#ltwÅX[ltw+ltgltw+Z0aZYr†cFkcF•s—˜Zºw+ZYg“’©ltki”9a½«

cFw+uºŸ¢wºr†cFkigiŸ˜vYes—žcFkgiV+ZCZYki‡~l0u?Ÿ˜vCgiV+ZbltkZYX[agiV†cFgcF—¢—˜l½’ltw+Z gl[usZYgZYkiXLŸ¢w+Z giV+ZYŸ¢kaigcF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g“hkZY‡€Ÿ˜ltw5ª

ZbvYgiŸ˜ltw §l9vYe+aZba%ltw›giV+ZCrskl0lF QlF "giV+Z X[ltX[ZYw…ggiV+ZbltkZYX›ªqUV+ZTctaaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw+agiV†cFgƒcFkZ w+ZbZbusZbu

V+ZYkZcFkZ™—¢Ÿ¢XLŸ¢gZbuÅgl›Ÿ¢w+usZYr;ZYw+usZYw+vbZ€ª¦±“w´r†cFkigiŸ˜vYes—žcFkd«w+lƒcFkikiŸ˜a#vV†cFŸ¢w¯kZYrskZbaZYw0gcFgiŸ˜ltw¯giV†cFg’©ltes—˜u

Ÿ¢XLr;l€aZ air;ZbvYŸ¡¬†vTctaaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw+altw›aZYki£0Ÿ˜vbZDgiŸ¢X[ZbaŸ˜a%kZb°0esŸ¢kZbuRª

UV+ZLaies•?ȓZ7f?r;ltw+ZYw…giŸžcF—gcFŸ¢—Qctaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜v#giV+ZbltkZYX[aTcFkZ‡€Ÿ¢£~ZYw Ÿ¢wz›cFw+u?ªC¹+ltkCaeski£~ZYh9aDltw¦giV+Z

aigcFgZ lF "giV+ZTcFkig% ­ltk%giVsŸ˜a%”9Ÿ¢w+u›lF ctah0XLrsgltgiŸ˜vbad«saZbZ¢\“ª

ZbvYgiŸ˜ltwÁz ‡€Ÿ¢£~Zba[‡~ZYw+ZYkiŸ˜vesrsr&ZYk™cFw+u —˜l½’qZYk[•;ltesw+usaL’%VsŸ˜vVÁV+lt—˜uÅ §ltk™cF—¢—%X[ltw+ltgltw+Z¤aZYr†cFkcF•s—˜Z

w+ZYg“’©ltki”9a½«cFw+uº’%VsŸ˜vV¤ltws—¢hºu?Ÿ;ZYk%Ÿ¢w›giV+ZDXes—¢giŸ¢rs—¢Ÿ˜vdcFgiŸ¢£~Zvbltw+agcFw…gadª

ZbvYgiŸ˜ltw¦ ­l0vYe+aZba™ltw–X[ltkZœrskZbvYŸ˜aZctaih0XLrsgltgiŸ˜vbaŠ ­ltkŠair;ZbvYŸ¡¬†v¤vdctaZbadªUV+Z›”~ZYh Ÿ˜usZdc?«%’%VsŸ˜vV

Ÿ˜a¥•†ctaZbu®ltw c´vbltklt—¢—žcFkih1lF TÌQZYkcd£~ZYki•&ZY”~Z€Í¸agiV+ZbltkZYX„cFw+u®ltw®giV+Zœ•;ltesw+usaZbaigcF•s—¢Ÿ˜aiV+Zbu®Ÿ¢w z+«%Ÿ˜a

aiesXLX™cFkiŸ¢µdZbu¥Ÿ¢w!?ªî?ª±“w¥giV+ZrskZbaZYw…gr†cFr&ZYkd«0’qZƒ—¢Ÿ¢XLŸ¢g%lteskaZY—¢£~Zba©glg“’ql#aiŸ¢XLrs—˜ZƒZ7f+cFXLrs—˜Zba""gcFw+usZYX

°0e+ZYe+Zba©ÊA’%VsŸ˜vV#cFkZ¨•&ltgiV#cair;ZbvYŸžcF—…Ÿ¢w+aigcFw+vbZ©lF s‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—¢Ÿ¢µdZbu#…ctv”?altww+ZYg“’qltki”cFw+ucar&ZbvYŸžcF—0Ÿ¢w+aigcFw+vbZ

lF kZbu?e+vYŸ¢•s—˜Z¥X™c=fšrs—¢e+aw+ZYg“’qltki”+ËcFw+u Xes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYkL°…e+ZYe+Zba½ª¤±³w#?ª$?ª¢\cFw+u%?ª$?ªî?«"’©ZŠlt•sgcFŸ¢wÅgiV+Z

Z7f+ctvYgctah0XLrsgltgiŸ˜vba. ­ltk"gcFw+usZYX °0e+ZYe+Zbadª"±³w&?ª$?ª$XTes—¢giŸ˜aZYki£~ZYk¨°…e+ZYe+ZbaQcFkZ%cF—˜alŸ¢w…£~ZbagiŸ¢‡…cFgZbuL’%Ÿ¢giVsŸ¢w

giVsŸ˜a §kcFX[ZY’qltki”;ª

U{lºgiV+Z#•&ZbagClF ©lteskC”9w+ld’%—˜Zbu?‡~Z€«"cFX[ltws‡ºgiV+ZL£€cFkiŸ˜lte+aCvY—žctaaZba lF w+ZYg“’©ltki”9aT—¢Ÿ˜aigZbu cF•;ld£~Z€«Z7f+ctvYg

ctaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜vba[cFkZºltws—¢h ”9w+ld’%wÅ ­ltkŸ¢kikZbu?e+vYŸ¢•s—˜Z›X™c=f´rs—¢e+a#w+ZYg“’©ltki”9a'$(“ªšUV+ZkZbaies—¢gaLltw¯gcFw+usZYX

°0e+ZYe+Zba[vdcFwÁ•;Z¥Z7f?gZYw+usZbu gl X[ltkZ‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—kZbu?e+vYŸ¢•s—˜ZºX™c=f¯rs—¢e+aLw+ZYg“’©ltki”9adª

V†cFkir–ctaih9XLrsgltgiŸ˜vba

 ­ltk‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—¢Ÿ¢µdZbu¦…ctv”?altw¤w+ZYg³’qltki”?aDvdcFwcF—˜alL•;ZClt•sgcFŸ¢w+Zbu¦cF—˜ltws‡™giV+ZacFX[ZC—¢Ÿ¢w+ZbadªUVsŸ˜a’%Ÿ¢—¢—•;Z giV+Z

lt•?miZbvYglF c#vbltXLr†cFwsŸ˜ltwœr†cFr&ZYk)z*“ª

+ ,

) ² n * % ( "!$&%'# ,-. 0/–%$&2

-/. 0 132547698;:=<>25?

p©ltw+aiŸ˜usZYkc#agl0vV†ctaigiŸ˜v w+ZYg“’©ltki”›usZbavYkiŸ¢•;Zbuº•…hgiV+Zƒ ­lt—¢—˜ld’%Ÿ¢ws‡[ §kcFX[ZY’qltki”@"

A

UV+Zw+ZYg“’qltki”#V†cta¨cDaŸ¢ws‡€—˜Z%Ÿ¢wsrsesgr&ltŸ¢w0gQrskl9vbZbaaCBÅ«€’%Ÿ¢giVLr&ltŸ¢w0gaEDGF@HJI5K~ §ltk¨cF—¢—;LNMPORQTS«+—˜ZYg

BVUWYX

HZ

•&ZDgiV+Z&[L\]O7^kZbaigikiŸ˜vYgiŸ˜ltw¤lF 3B´«?w†cFX[ZY—¢hgiV+Z r;ltŸ¢w…grskl9vbZbaa%’%Ÿ¢giV¤r&ltŸ¢w0ga_DGF7`aI WYb

`b H ª

A

UV+Zw+ZYg“’©ltki”™V†ctac?ª¸adª.¬+wsŸ¢gZDctvYgiŸ¢£0Ÿ¢g³hL §ltkcF—¢—†¬+wsŸ¢gZkZbaigikiŸ˜vYgiŸ˜ltw+alF cB%" ­ltk©cF—¢—JLNMPORQdS«&—˜ZYg

e UWfX

HgZih

Bj•&Z#giV+Z#giŸ¢X[Z™lF qgiV+ZL—žctaigCctvYgiŸ¢£9Ÿ¢g“h¦Ÿ¢w giV+Z#w+ZYg“’©ltki”&«{’%V+ZYwšgiVsŸ˜aCltw+ZLagcFkigaCZYXLrsg“h

cFw+u›Ÿ˜a §Zbu•0hdB&UWfX

HgZ

ª"ÀšZTctaaiesX[ZDgiV†cFg §ltkcF—¢—R¬+wsŸ¢gZ_LÒcFw+udOšctacF•&l½£~Z€«kedUWfX

HgZ

Ÿ˜a¬+wsŸ¢gZ€ª

ÀšZTctaaesX[ZDgiV†cFggiV+ZYkZCZ7f?Ÿ˜aigac#aZYglF . Aesw+vYgiŸ˜ltw+alDgm*`aI~«km*`7n5o

`qpdr`Js

o%«5aie+vV›giV†cFg"

edUWYXHZhBjCtum Hv Wxwzy

D hF7`i\]{`|j\YLNM~}MPO3I\ Ên\½Ë

 ­ltk¥cF—¢—fO3\]L_cFw+u€BÅ«’%V+ZYkZœgiV+Z¤aZb°0e+ZYw+vbZD‚{ H IœŸ˜a™giV†cFg¥usZbavYkiŸ¢•sŸ¢ws‡ÅaZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZœgiŸ¢X[Zba¥cFw+u1kltesgiŸ¢ws‡

usZbvYŸ˜aiŸ˜ltw+adª

ÀšZ#acdh¤giV†cFgCcŠw+ZYg“’qltki” usZbavYkiŸ¢•;Zbu ctaCcF•&l½£~ZŸ˜aDX[ltw+ltgltw+Z0aZYr†cFkcF•s—˜ZLŸ¡ qgiV+Z §esw+vYgiŸ˜ltw+a_m H cFkZ

aie+vV›giV†cFggiV+Zƒ ­lt—¢—˜ld’%Ÿ¢ws‡™rskltr;ZYkigiŸ˜ZbaV+lt—˜uº §ltkcF—¢—cB%"

(8)

\€ª ~Ž {‹dŽ " IŒ *   ­ltkcF—¢—7LNMPOQ«

edUWYXHZhBjÄPFH

?ª ( Œ ( {Ž " - - Œ - AIŒ *   §ltkcF—¢—cLNMPOQ«

e UWYX

HZ

h BjÄPe UWfX

HgZ hBj\

’%V+ZYw+ZY£~ZYkB t DGF

H

I¥Ÿ˜aaie+vV´giV†cFg F H Ä F@H¦ §ltk#cF—¢— OQ«c›rskltr&ZYkig³h ’%VsŸ˜vV¯’©Z™’%Ÿ¢—¢—©’%kiŸ¢gZ

B

Ä#BÒ §ltkaiV+ltkigK

?ª"! - -#(

(

žŒ

*



 §ltkƒcF—¢—%$ QdocFw+u ­ltkcF—¢—>LNMPO

edUWYX

HZ

h $QÇ Bj3t9edUWYX

HZ

hBjRÇ&$'

z+ª ‹ ()( ŽsFŽs‰ " IŒ *  Ÿ¡ i«9 ­ltkcF—¢—>LNM~}*POQ« e UWYX

`Zh

BjxM F7`

wzy

«sgiV+ZYw

edUWfX

HgZh

Bj t9edU

`

wzy]X

HZh Bj+

-/.- , 4.-/ 69410324.4*8 25

6©h¥usZ7¬+wsŸ¢giŸ˜ltw5«†giV+Z&[L\]O7^5X™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—u+cFgZYkŸ˜a

7xUWfX

HgZh

Bj t edUWfX

HgZh

Bj8F H t9edUWfX

HgZh

B98F H j+

ӃltgZLgiV†cFg:7xUWfX

HgZh

BjDŸ˜aTc¥ §esw+vYgiŸ˜ltw lF  D‚{`aIŠcFw+u#D<;‚`aI WYb `b

Hv

y ltws—¢h~«{’%V+ZYkZ=; H t F H wzy 8%F H ª[±³w

r†cFkigiŸ˜vYes—žcFkd«.7 H h

Bj t>7xU

H X HgZh

Bj©Ÿ˜aw+ltgc Aesw+vYgiŸ˜ltwœlF qD<; H I~ª

? ( ŽA@

(

BŽ "

- - Œ - CAIŒ

* -D3e

ŽE /

7GF J IH KJ% J "MLzIH 3J &

e UWYX

HZ

:7 UWYX

HZ

ONQPIH 7 " | P PRCN .kB

e UW v y]X

HgZh

Bj„Ä e UWYX

HZh Bj\

7 UW v y]X

HgZah

Bj„Ä 7 UWfX

HgZih Bj\

h

LNM#Ozj+

? ( ŽTS ‹{‰ + Ž / /žŒUOV (W(  -X( ( =Œ * -XDY7GF JfIH BJ J | LcD'7 UWfX

HgZ

I. OZ EIH

N B# &!kQ[5| IJ%Y PRCN ;LNM~}* OLEN kB

7xUWfXHgZhBjEM\7xUWfX`Z hBj5Ç]7xU`wzy]XHZhBj+

-/.O^ _C4<a`b 415U4/c`Tde5B5Bf 6hg4/i<Cij5

‘ aaiesX[ZLgiV+ZL£€cFkiŸžcF•s—˜ZbaVD<; H \]{ H IcFkZLkcFw+usltX£tcFkiŸžcF•s—˜ZbausZ7¬+w+Zbu´ltw´c›vbltXLX[ltw´rsklt•†cF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g³h air†ctvbZ

hlk

\nmd\Mo&\Mpj7«½’%V+ZYkZqp%Ÿ˜a"cFwZYki‡~l9u?Ÿ˜v€«tX[ZdctaieskZ7È·rskZbaZYki£9Ÿ¢ws‡DaiVsŸ¡ Ag{gikcFw+an ­ltkiX™cFgiŸ˜ltw5«€aie+vVgiV†cFg

h

;GHJ\]{‚H;jr

p_t

h

;GH wzy \]{‚H wzy j7ªQUV+Zƒ ­lt—¢—˜ld’%Ÿ¢ws‡ŠŸ¢w…gZY‡€kcF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g³hœctaaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw+aƒcFkZCcF—˜al™ctaaiesX[Zbugl[V+lt—˜u7"

s ; H tut v y

tuv=*®¾9\ s 7 H *1¾h+

wl€aigqlF RgiV+Zw+ZY’1kZbaies—¢ga©lF RgiV+ZrskZbaZYw0gqr†cFr;ZYk©’%Ÿ¢—¢—†•;Zlt•sgcFŸ¢w+ZbuŠesw+usZYk¨giV+Z §lt—¢—˜l½’%Ÿ¢ws‡Ÿ¢w+usZYr;ZYw?È

usZYw+vbZTctaaesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw>"

nx ˆ g";IH "y!" & D‚{‚H I JlD<;GH I Y ! ! zP J J J.QH nNYIH & nN ii

J *{J &

(9)

-/. , 41/ i _44 /0c/ 48X5Bfj0l4K5

ÀšZCaiesXLX™cFkiŸ¢µdZCgiV+Z X™cFŸ¢w›kZbaies—¢galF E$“ªQUV+ZbaZDkZbaes—¢gausl#w+ltgkZb°0esŸ¢kZ™Ê§± ‘ Ë7ª

S I@ AF‹bŒ +  / (  #- /AC -( ( =Œ *

DŸ¢ws‡€X™cFw5͸aaes•?ȳctusu?Ÿ¢giŸ¢£~ZTZYki‡~l9u?Ÿ˜v giV+ZbltkZYX ‡€Ÿ¢£~Zba"

? ( Ž

%H Z " E[ IJ% " &! QH'IH IH ‚| |

7 U

vkH Xv yZ

O t

s 7 U

vkH Xv yZ

O t

7 Uy]X

HZ

O t

s 7 Uy]X

HZ

O

t

H o [

-  - ""AŽs * @ F J lIH N )%!

H e Uy]XHZ

O

tLÇ t v y +

S S + @ ? Ž ,

5ZYg"! •;ZDgiV+ZCZY£~ZYw…g#! t D 7 U

vkH X$ Z

t¾9I~ª

% ! (-

 ( @ F JlIH N g %! L%o h! jEQD'& \bÆI

S (R~Ž " # RŽs€Œ - 

¹+ltkcF—¢—)& M]$3*1¾ «?giV+ZCaZb°…e+ZYw+vbZba

e UWfX

HgZah

$ Bj t m H wzy

v W D h

$+*GF7`a\]{`j]L M€}zM#O3I

cFw+u

7xUWfX

HgZh $ BjCt edUWYX

HZh$ Bj8T$,*GF@H

acFgiŸ˜an §h¥cF—¢—;giV+ZDX[ltw+ltgltwsŸ˜vYŸ¢g³h¤cFw+uºaies•?ȳctusu?Ÿ¢giŸ¢£~Z rskltr;ZYkigiŸ˜Zba%X[ZYw…giŸ˜ltw+ZbucF•&l½£~Z€ªQ±“w›ctusu?Ÿ¢giŸ˜ltw5«? ­ltkcF—¢—

O

Ê­c~Ë7EU

vkH

Xv y Zh $ BjŸ˜ausZbvYkZdctaiŸ¢ws‡™Ÿ¢w$ K

ÊA•Ë edUy]X

HZh$ Bj©Ÿ˜aŸ¢w+vYkZdctaiŸ¢ws‡[Ÿ¢w $Fª

UV…e+a

? ( Ž- $ .X$Ä&)L IH E[ 5 OJ% .

h

$Gj ! QHTIH 5

7xU

vkH

Xv yZh $ Bj

O

t h $Gj / +10+

h $‚j %& e$ H2 h $‚jQÇ $t

v y % e$*43&T ! L+Ç t v y

Ä5 h &5jML

H " t6 h Æj‚

(10)

S ( (  - / +  / (  #- /A -( ( =Œ *

UV+Z X™cFŸ¢w›kZbaes—¢gltw›giV+ZCaigcF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g³h¥kZY‡€Ÿ˜ltw¤Ÿ˜a"

% ! (-  ( S 3ON 7xU

vkH X$ Z h

Bj3tϾ ‚L3IH t h

&5jÄÆ +3ON t h

&5j

ÆBL IH 7EU

vkH X$ Zh

BjCt

¾

-/. 1f 2K4bC8k2 de5B5f 6hg4/i<%iY5

5ZYggiV+Zr;ltŸ¢w…g©rskl0vbZbaaq’%Ÿ¢giV¥cF—¢—&Ÿ¢gaqr&ltŸ¢w0gaqZb°0e†cF—gl & "zFH h ljCt&C ­ltk©cF—¢— OQª"¹+ltkvbZYkigcFŸ¢w¥kZbaies—¢gad«

’qZTaiV†cF—¢—5X™cF”~Z giV+Zƒ ­lt—¢—˜ld’%Ÿ¢ws‡ctusu?Ÿ¢giŸ˜ltw†cF—.ctaaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw>"

ˆ¥ˆ

."L

7 >t 7 U X Z t

y

Ç ***FÇ

\ Ê­~Ë

H )IH ‚J

IJ%L J "JJ nN Q[&IJ 7 | &ML J &! QHdIH

IH y! nN * J% h

y

\+++g\

j ia c "J & G IH

] & nN_IH h

y

\+++\

j K ]

3& 55 | L 7 UH X$ Zh

ljÄ /

!

y]X#"#"#"X $

$ H

%

vX+'&K+ Êa~Ë

-/.( )egYgE8k24 i+*-,Y<J:=8k2/.=<Cfji0*2143514306357 8fC8Xf 8X5

UV+ZkZbaes—¢gaqlF 5giVsŸ˜a©aZbvYgiŸ˜ltw¥cFkZw+ZY’Cª"ÀšZctaaesX[ZaigcF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g³h~«0w†cFX[ZY—¢h h &5jq*]vª"ÀšZrsŸ˜v”™cFw™Ÿ¢w0gZY‡~ZYk

9–ÄÏÆTaie+vV¤giV†cFg

s

7xU

v;:

Xv yZh

)jq*<9Yv \ ÊAz0Ë

’%VsŸ˜vVœŸ˜a%r;l€aaiŸ¢•s—˜ZDŸ¢wº£9Ÿ˜ZY’ÏlF "UV+ZbltkZYX?ªÀ1Ÿ¢giV+ltesg—˜l€aa%lF .‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—¢Ÿ¢g³h~«ltw+ZTvdcFw¤ctaaiesX[Z F $ t &?ª

U{l´giV+ZœŸ¢wsrsesg¥rskl0vbZbaa=BÅ«%’qZ¦ctaal9vYŸžcFgZœgiV+Z› ­lt—¢—˜ld’%Ÿ¢ws‡¯—˜ld’©ZYk¤cFw+u–esrsr;ZYk¥•&ltesw+u1rskl0vbZbaaZba"

B v t DGF

v

H

I~«&’%V+ZYkZ€« §ltkDcF—¢—=œcFw+u'OšŸ¢w?>®aie+vVgiV†cFg ORt

h = 8–Æj@9šÇÆ\+++\!=A9« F v

H t F

B

v

y

: \

cFw+u›aiŸ¢XLŸ¢—žcFki—¢h~« B w t DGF

w

H

I~«s’%V+ZYkZ F w

H

t€F

B :

Ÿ¡ O!t

h = 8 Æj@9Ç®Æ\+++\!=A9ªQUV+ZYw› §ltkcF—¢—>O

edU

vkH X$ Z hB v

jqM#edU

vkH

X$ Z hBjxMPedU

vkH X$ ZhB w

jDC 7xU

vkH X$ Z hB w

j+ Êa~Ë

ӃltgZgiV†cFg©Ÿ¡ qʧ± ‘ ËV+lt—˜usad«9giV+Zkdª£;ª¢Í¸aq7 U

vkH

X$ Zh B v j t9e U

vkH X$ Zh B v

j.8=Fzv;:cFw+u 7 U

vkH X$ ZhB w

jV†cd£~Z

giV+ZCacFX[Z u?Ÿ˜agikiŸ¢•sesgiŸ˜ltw5«cFw+uºgiV†cFggiV+ZDkdª£;ª¢Í¸a 7 UvkH X$ Z hB v

jcFw+udFzv;:œcFkZ Ÿ¢w+usZYr&ZYw+usZYw0gdª

S FE I@ G (( ( IH - /KJ ( (

UV+Zw+Z7f9gD—˜ZYXLX™c?«R’%VsŸ˜vVšZbaigcF•s—¢Ÿ˜aiV+ZbaCc™¬+kaig vbltwsw+ZbvYgiŸ˜ltw •;ZYg“’qZbZYw X[ltw+ltgltw+Z7ȓaZYr†cFkcF•s—˜ZLw+ZYg“’©ltki”9a

cFw+u#giV+Z»C¼€»C¼9\½¼€¾ °…e+ZYe+Z€«~u?Ÿ¢kZbvYgi—¢h ­lt—¢—˜ld’a" §kltX giV+ZX[ltw+ltgltwsŸ˜vYŸ¢g“h™cFw+u#giV+Z%aZYr†cFkcF•sŸ¢—¢Ÿ¢g³h[ctaaiesXLr?È

giŸ˜ltw+adª

? ( ŽMLON

&&! EF

$

t&k EP_L *#ORM &)L

7 UWYX$

Zih

BjxM\7 UH X$

Zah

BjÇ /

h& \7 UWYX H v y

Z h

Bj8 ; Hv

y

j+

(11)

jesga7/Ht 7 UH X

HZ|h

Bj7ª{UV+ZYwgiV+Z¨aZb°0e+ZYw+vbZED'73HJI©usl0Zbaw+ltg{usZYr;ZYw+uTltw)B cFw+uC §ltkiX[a"c%aigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih

cFw+u›ZYki‡~l9u?Ÿ˜vCaZb°0e+ZYw+vbZ€ª

-  - ""AŽs * S N &&! YF

$

t&k $ EP_L * &)L

7 UWYX$ Zh BjEM /

WYb

B b $ $

$ B

7 8 $

$ B

wzy

; ~\

#IH=IH EJ%

$y t &k

UV+ZX™cFŸ¢w™’qZdcF”9w+ZbaaqlF ;giVsŸ˜aqesrsr;ZYkQ•&ltesw+uŠvbltX[Zba §kltXÑgiV+Z ·ctvYg¨giV†cFg¨giV+ZvbltkikZbair;ltw+u?Ÿ¢ws‡°0e+ZYe+Z

X™cbhŕ;Z™esw+aigcF•s—˜Z’%V+ZYkZdcta[giV+ZŠŸ¢wsŸ¢giŸžcF—%w+ZYg³’qltki”¯Ÿ˜a#aigcF•s—˜Z€ª UVsŸ˜a#Ÿ˜a#gcF”~ZYwÁvdcFkZlF ƒ•…h giV+Zesrsr;ZYk

•;ltesw+u›usZbavYkiŸ¢•;Zbu•&ZY—˜l½’Cª

-  - ""AŽs * %H .G QP C 7 U

v

X$ Z C 7 U

v X$ Zh

Bj ! J] N BJ%=QP

IH 5 P & IH y! ! #IH QJ & &

& H t 7 U:

Hv ywzy]X:5HZih lj Êa(~Ë

J Q[ OJ | &

;GHt F :H8€F

: H v

ynL H 9 'IH IZ ]

t s

&‚H * s

;GH t9 v L IH y!"!

- -XDÀšZCV†cb£~Z

7

v

X$ Z t

H 7EU

vkH X$ Z

t

B

7xUv B : wzy]X$ Z

t 0!

B#"

y 7 Uv B : wzy]X$ Z

M 0!

B#"

y 7 Uv B :

wzy]X$ ZhB w j

M 0!

B#"

y /

v B b b $%$&

& $ Ç v y

$B h& 8 ;

wzy

j(')

t 0!

B#"

y $& & $ Ç v y

$ v B h& 8 ; wzy j ') t* +

±³wºgiV+ZbaZDkZY—žcFgiŸ˜ltw+ad«{Êa~Ëq’ctae+aZbugl™usZYkiŸ¢£~Z giV+ZD¬+kaig%Ÿ¢w+Zb°0e†cF—¢Ÿ¢g“h~«;p©ltklt—¢—žcFkihºL’©cta%e+aZbu›Ÿ¢wºgiV+Z —žctaig

Ÿ¢w+Zb°0e†cF—¢Ÿ¢g“h@K+’qZcF—˜al#e+aZbugiV+ZD ·ctvYg%giV†cFg

7 U:

Hv ywzy]X

:5HZ hB w

j3t 7 U: H v ywzy]X

:HgZh lj

cFw+uºgiV+Z vbltw0£~ZYw…giŸ˜ltw v y

$

t&?ª +,

UV+Z¦°0e+ZYe+Z lF #p©ltklt—¢—žcFkih ´’%Ÿ¢—¢—D•;Z¤kZ7 ­ZYkikZbu gl ctaŠgiV+Z?93…esrsr&ZYk …•;ltesw+u»C¼€»C¼9\½¼€¾ °0e+ZYe+Z

ctaal9vYŸžcFgZbu’%Ÿ¢giV›giV+Z w+ZYg³’qltki”;ª

ӃltgZ giV†cFg’%V+ZYw´Ê§± ‘ ËqV+lt—˜usad«sgiVsŸ˜a°0e+ZYe+Z Ÿ˜ac™» ±n¼€»D±i¼9\½¼€¾ °0e+ZYe+Z€ªQ±³wºgiVsŸ˜avdctaZ€«

t.- / Ç & $ «

’%V+ZYkZ -/ Ÿ˜ac#aigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih’cFŸ¢giŸ¢ws‡™giŸ¢X[ZTcFw+u -/ cFw+u

& $

cFkZ Ÿ¢w+usZYr&ZYw+usZYw0gdª

(12)

ӃltgiŸ˜vbZ giV†cFgesw+usZYkÊ ‘ƒ‘ Ë7«

/

y]X#"#"#"X :5H

$

: H v ywzy

M

&HVM

$ y :H

$

: H v ywzy

%

Ê·}€Ë

c?ª¸adª"’%V+ZYkZ giV+ZTaZbvbltw+uºŸ¢w+Zb°0e†cF—¢Ÿ¢g“h¥ §lt—¢—˜l½’a% §kltX(giV+Z aies•?ȳctusu?Ÿ¢giŸ¢£~ZTrskltr&ZYkig³hlF j7ª

S FE S ? - ,.(  H - / -  + - J ( (

UV+ZD ­lt—¢—˜ld’%Ÿ¢ws‡ŠkZbaies—¢g%Ÿ˜a%Ÿ¢XLX[Zbu?ŸžcFgZ"

? ( Ž E F # | N N UL

7

v

X$ Z Ä t /

y]X#"#"#"X 0!

H b $ $

$ H

8 v y

$ H ; + Ê Ë

UV+Z›°0e+ZYe+Zº’%Ÿ¢giV–aZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZºgiŸ¢X[Zba'D %

IœcFw+u Ÿ¢w…gZYkcFkikiŸ¢£€cF—giŸ¢X[Zba'D<; Iº’%Ÿ¢—¢—•;ZkZ7 §ZYkikZbu gl´ctaLgiV+Z

…—˜l½’qZYk …•;ltesw+u»C¼€»T¼9\½¼€¾ °…e+ZYe+Z ctaal9vYŸžcFgZbu¥’%Ÿ¢giVgiV+ZDw+ZYg“’qltki”;ª 5ZYg

%

usZYw+ltgZDgiV+ZDaigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkih

kZbair;ltw+aZDgiŸ¢X[Z Ÿ¢w›giVsŸ˜a°…e+ZYe+Z"

t 0!

H b $ $

$ H

% 8 v y

$ H ; +

UV+ZYw giV+Z—˜ld’©ZYkC•&ltesw+u usZ7¬+w+Zbu¦Ÿ¢wÁÊ ËŸ˜aƒgiV+ZLaigcFgiŸ˜ltw†cFkihœkZbar&ltw+aZgiŸ¢X[Z#Ÿ¢w¦giV+ZFȓu?Ÿ¢X[ZYw+aiŸ˜ltw†cF—

N M y!"!"%’%Ÿ¢giV¤aZYki£0Ÿ˜vbZ giŸ¢X[Zba_D %

I~« t Æ\+++g\[cFw+uºŸ¢w…gZYkcFkikiŸ¢£€cF—giŸ¢X[Zba_D<; I~ª

-/. :-34@6hg 0i8X5

S I@

%

ŽE / ( J ( ( ‹

p©ltw+aiŸ˜usZYkºc aigcF•s—˜Z´ªç¼€»D±n¼9\½¼´¾ gcFw+usZYX °0e+ZYe+Z€ªƒZYw+ltgZD

H I¤giV+Z¤aZb°…e+ZYw+vbZœlF TaZYki£0Ÿ˜vbZ¤giŸ¢X[Zba

Ÿ¢waigcFgiŸ˜ltw!t¿Æ\¯cFw+u D<;GHI¦giV+ZaZb°…e+ZYw+vbZ¦lF Ÿ¢w0gZYknȳcFkikiŸ¢£tcF— giŸ¢X[Zba›cFggiV+Z¬+kaigºaigcFgiŸ˜ltw5ªÑjesg

t s

«Xv t s

;R«+cFw+u

t

!

*Æ~ªÀšZCV†cb£~Z h

&5j t /

h y

\

#"

j+

U.cFw+usZYX°0e+ZYe+Zba ­cF—¢—{Ÿ¢wœgiV+ZvY—žctaalF ¨ltr;ZYw¦…ctv”?altww+ZYg“’qltki”?ad«RcFw+uœŸ¢w¤giV+ZvY—žctaalF ¨ltr;ZYwœX™c=f9È

rs—¢e+a%aih?aigZYX[a©’%VsŸ˜vVº•;ltgiV•&ZY—˜ltws‡#glgiV+ZDvY—žctaalF {X[ltw+ltgltw+Z aZYr†cFkcF•s—˜ZDw+ZYg³’qltki”?aTʧaZbZƒ•&ZY—˜l½’Ë7ªÀšZ

V†cb£~ZCgiV+ZD §lt—¢—˜l½’%Ÿ¢ws‡™kZYrskZbaZYw0gcFgiŸ˜ltw› ­ltkgiV+ZDX™c=f?Ÿ¢X™cF—u+cFgZYkʧaZbZCZ€ª‡+ªf$(AË7«

7 U

vkH

X$ Z t 0!

vkH b%$*b $

0!

$*b'&b $ &

$

W $

y

W Ç $

$

W &

("

W 8 hF $ 8F $ j( Ê­|~Ë

7 t 7 U

v

X$ Z t 0!

$*b $ 0!

$*b'&b $ &

$

W $

y

W Ç $

$

W &

#"

W 8 hF $ 8F

$

j(\+ Ên\d‚~Ë

‘ aaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw ʧ± ‘ Ë[Ÿ˜aºacFgiŸ˜an¬†Zbu1esw+usZYkºgiV+Z cF•&l½£~ZœŸ¢w+usZYr;ZYw+usZYw+vbZ ctaaesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw+adª ‘ aaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw

ʑƒ‘ ËqŸ˜acF—˜alLacFgiŸ˜an¬†ZbuºV+ZYkZ ’%Ÿ¢giV) t*[cFw+u

H t5

H « /t²Æ\9ª

UV+ZX™c=f9Ÿ¢X™cF—Ru+cFgZYk%ctaal9vYŸžcFgZbu™’%Ÿ¢giVvYe+aigltX[ZYkxO¤Ÿ˜aqgiV+ZƒalFmnlteskiw¥giŸ¢X[ZƒlF 5giVsŸ˜a©vYe+agltX[ZYk©Ÿ¢wŠgiV+Z

w+ZYg“’©ltki”&«0w†cFX[ZY—¢hLgiV+Z%giŸ¢X[Z%’%VsŸ˜vVŠZY—žcFr+aZbaQ•&ZYg³’qZbZYw¥Ÿ¢ga¨cFkikiŸ¢£tcF—†Ÿ¢w™aigcFgiŸ˜ltw¤\cFw+u[Ÿ¢ga¨usZYr†cFkigieskZ% §kltX

aigcFgiŸ˜ltwœ?ª

(13)

‘ aC ­ltkTgiV+Z 9/…esrsr;ZYk …•;ltesw+uÅ°0e+ZYe+Zctaal9vYŸžcFgZbu ’%Ÿ¢giVÅgiVsŸ˜aw+ZYg“’qltki”;«giV+Z¥Z7f9rskZbaaiŸ˜ltw  ­ltk

&H¦Ÿ˜a

V+ZYkZ

&H t /

y]b

b : $&

$ y

5 y

Hv y

: w Ç :

$

5("

H v y

: w ') +

Ên\€\½Ë

S S ! "žŒUA‹ ( UV (  J ( ( ‹

5ZYg

/H t h/

y

H

\+++g\ / W

H j

•;Z[giV+Z DŸ˜Z7 ­ZYknÈ·Àšlt—¡ ­ld’%Ÿ¢giµº’qltki”9—˜l~ctu´£~ZbvYgltkŸ¢w´giV+Z»D±i¼€»D±i¼=XŠ¼€¾°0e+ZYe+Z™’%Ÿ¢giVş¢w…gZYknȳcFkikiŸ¢£€cF—giŸ¢X[Zba

D<;GH IcFw+u aZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZLgiŸ¢X[ZbaVD;HJI~ª ƒZYkZO–Ÿ˜aCgiV+Z™vYe+agltX[ZYkTŸ¢w+usZ7f´cFw+u /

H « t Æ\+++g\]L cFkZLgiV+Z

’qltki”9—˜l~ctusaTlF ©giV+ZLaZYki£~ZYkaTcFgDgiV+Z O;È·giV cFkikiŸ¢£€cF—giŸ¢X[Z€«{cFkikcFws‡~Zbu Ÿ¢wšc¥w+ltw?ȓusZbvYkZdctaiŸ¢ws‡¤ltkusZYkdª wltkZ

rskZbvYŸ˜aZY—¢h~«s’©ZTctaaiesX[Z%/

$ t h & \+++\ &5jcFw+u

//

wzy

t h /HCÇ

y 8O; ij

w

Ên\d~Ë

 ­ltk¥Ä &?«¨’%V+ZYkZ

y t h

Æ\ & \+++\ &5jLcFw+u_t Æ\bÆ\+++ \bÆjLcFkZ=Lȓu?Ÿ¢X[ZYw+aiŸ˜ltw†cF—£~ZbvYgltka¥cFw+u¯giV+Z

ltr;ZYkcFgltkÂr;ZYkiXTesgZbagiV+Z™vbl9ltku?Ÿ¢w†cFgZba#lF c›£~ZbvYgltkŸ¢w´giV+Z[w+ltw?ȓusZbvYkZdctaiŸ¢ws‡ ltkusZYkdªº¹+ltkLcXes—¢giŸ¡È

aZYki£~ZYk°0e+ZYe+Z€« h &5j t

W ª

‘ aaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltwÏʧ±‘ Ë Ÿ˜aaOcFgiŸ˜an¬†Zbu esw+usZYk#giV+ZctaaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw¯giV†cFg#giV+ZŠaZYki£0Ÿ˜vbZŠgiŸ¢X[Zba[cFkZ™Ÿ·ªŸ·ª¸uRª ‘ anÈ

aiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw´Ê ‘ƒ‘ ËqŸ˜a%w+ltgacFgiŸ˜an¬†ZbuV+ZYkZ€ª

UV+ZqX™c=f9Ÿ¢X™cF—su+cFgZYkctaal9vYŸžcFgZbuT’%Ÿ¢giV#vYe+aigltX[ZYk/O™Ÿ˜a{giV+ZqgiŸ¢X[Z¨’%VsŸ˜vV#ZY—žcFr+aZba{•;ZYg“’©ZbZYw#Ÿ¢ga.cFkikiŸ¢£€cF—

giV+Z[giŸ¢X[Z™’%V+ZYwÅcF—¢—©vYe+aigltX[ZYkaagiŸ¢—¢—¨rskZbaZYw0gcFgTŸ¢gacFkikiŸ¢£tcF—qgiŸ¢X[Z[V†cd£~Z™—˜Z7 §gCgiV+Z™ah9aigZYX ÊAŸ¢w+vY—¢e+u?Ÿ¢ws‡

vYe+aigltX[ZYkYO{Ë "

7EU$ XHgZ t

/ h/ y

H Ç ;HJ\ / W

H

j+

S ( (

FŽ "

( /

ŽsR‹

-

( Π, -

R‹

p©ltw+aiŸ˜usZYkc‡~ZYw+ZYkcF—¢Ÿ¢µdZbu…ctv”9altw¤w+ZYg“’qltki”º’%Ÿ¢giV)aigcFgiŸ˜ltw+a½ªÀšZCusZYw+ltgZ

A

D5FB

H ICgiV+Z Ÿ·ªŸ·ª¸uRª¨aZb°…e+ZYw+vbZ lF aZYki£9Ÿ˜vbZ giŸ¢X[Zba%Ÿ¢w¤agcFgiŸ˜ltw/=K

A

D

H IgiV+Z¤Ÿ·ªŸ·ª¸uRªaZb°…e+ZYw+vbZlF CkltesgiŸ¢ws‡¯usZbvYŸ˜aiŸ˜ltw+aŠ AkltX aigcFgiŸ˜ltw ºÊA’%Ÿ¢giV®£tcF—¢e+ZbaŠŸ¢w–giV+ZaZYg

Dۮ\+++ \ I5K

A

DHILgiV+Z#Ÿ·ªŸ·ª¸uRªLaZb°0e+ZYw+vbZ[lF qkltesgiŸ¢ws‡œusZbvYŸ˜aiŸ˜ltw+a  ­ltkDgiV+ZLŸ¢wsrsesgCrskl9vbZbaa[Ê­cF—˜al’%Ÿ¢giVš£€cF—¢e+Zba Ÿ¢w

giV+ZTaZYg Dۮ\+++\ I5K

A

D<;GHJICgiV+Z Ÿ·ªŸ·ª¸uRªQaZb°…e+ZYw+vbZ lF "Ÿ¢w…gZYkcFkikiŸ¢£€cF—giŸ¢X[Z€ª

w+usZYkgiV+ZbaZCctaaiesXLrsgiŸ˜ltw+a½«s•&ltgiVÅʧ± ‘ Ë©cFw+u ʑ‘ ËcFkZCacFgiŸ˜ai¬†ZbuRªÀšZDV†cb£~Z"

y t

$ y H h j Ên\~Ë

’%Ÿ¢giV~B h jLgiV+ZºgltgcF—w0esXT•;ZYkŠlF  £0Ÿ˜aŸ¢ga[lF DvYe+agltX[ZYkœ\ ÊAgiV+Z›vYe+agltX[ZYk¥cFkikiŸ¢£9Ÿ¢ws‡´cFg[giŸ¢X[Z=F

y

Ëgl

aigcFgiŸ˜ltw

Ÿ¢w¥giV+Z[øÆ\bƂ^RkZbagikiŸ˜vYgiŸ˜ltwlF {giV+Zw+ZYg³’qltki”;«?w†cFX[ZY—¢h™’%V+ZYwgiVsŸ˜avYe+aigltX[ZYkŸ˜aqgiV+Zƒltws—¢h™ltw+Zƒgl

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to