• Aucun résultat trouvé

Séparation des niveaux de vigilance, à partir d'un signal EEG par les cartes auto-organisatrices de Kohonen

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Séparation des niveaux de vigilance, à partir d'un signal EEG par les cartes auto-organisatrices de Kohonen"

Copied!
7
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00099484

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00099484

Submitted on 26 Sep 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Séparation des niveaux de vigilance, à partir d’un signal EEG par les cartes auto-organisatrices de Kohonen

Khaled Ben Khalifa, Mohamed Hédi Bédoui, Radoslav Raychev, Mohamed Dogui, Frédéric Alexandre

To cite this version:

Khaled Ben Khalifa, Mohamed Hédi Bédoui, Radoslav Raychev, Mohamed Dogui, Frédéric Alexandre.

Séparation des niveaux de vigilance, à partir d’un signal EEG par les cartes auto-organisatrices de Kohonen. Traitement et Analyse de l’Information: Méthodes et Applications - TAIMA’03, R. Deriche, F. Ghorbel, Oct 2003, Hammamet, Tunisie, France. 6 p. �inria-00099484�

(2)

CEDGFIHKJLCNM O=PRQTS#OGUWV4XYD[Z\DGFI].^:_G`QaUWV4bcDGbIOed:fKM:HeghUaV4XiDGjk_ lG`QRmnHeopD qrPsH5tO=J ^(u*HKv

wyx(zW{5|*}sz~€|*‚}sƒ…„)ƒ†‚|‡8ˆ*‰5Šs‚‹*Œ5ƒ$*Ž.z$aŒ5[~’‘„ƒ4“N‘#„ƒ#‚”8ƒ„ƒ4“N|*”5zyŠ•~’‚}–5—*˜<™#š“N|*”5zyŠ•~’‚}–)›<Œ5”5’Šœ‚ƒ

Khaled.benkhalifa@issatso.rnu.tn

 x(za{5|*}sz#~€|*‚}sƒ„ƒ4žŸˆ*‰8Šœ |*‚|*¡) ƒ*ŽŸzaŒ5¢~€‘„ƒ4“N‘#„ƒ# ”5ƒ„ƒ4“N|*”8z*ŠR~€‚}–5—*˜<™#š“N|*”8z*ŠR~€‚}–)›<Œ5”8€Šœ ƒ

£4¤:‹¥Œ8[‡8ƒ¦ |*}R~€ƒ#§8¥x(¨©ªT«;5—¥¬8—*˜)­®z$”5„|*ƒŒy¯5}sƒ$°’x(ƒ$Š–°’±;z”8²‰8¥ŽŸ}sz”5#ƒ

³´*µR¶=·´

žŸ[ŒeŠœ ƒŒ8}–Š‘a~‚Œ8„)ƒ$Š|*”)~:„)‘€¸–¹‘a~€‘ºƒ#”5‘#ƒŠ4‡8|Œ8}4~€ƒ#”)~€ƒ#}…„)ƒ„€Šs#}s‚º‚”5ƒ#}–.¹€»z „)ƒ;„)ƒ;}s‘$Šœƒ#z#Œ5§„)ƒ

”5ƒaŒ5}s|*”8ƒŠz}R~€¢¼R  ƒ’Š²‚ƒ$Š½„[¼€¼R‘#}sƒ#”)~¾Š½‘a~€z~¾Š½„ƒ¯5‚¡‚‚z$”5#ƒ-„8»Œ5”kŠ•ŒW¸–ƒ~hˆ)Œ8º½z$‚”.¿<À;z”eŠ#ƒ‡8z‡8‚ƒ#}– ”5|Œ=Š

‡5}s‘$Šsƒ#”)~€|*”=Š9ƒ#”N„‘~’z‚ Œ8”5ƒº‘a~€ˆ5|*„ƒ„ƒÁŠs‘a‡5z$}sz~€ |*”„ƒ$Š9”5Ã¯5ƒ#z#Œ5§0„)ƒ;¯5‚¡‚‚z$”5#ƒ$Ä¹‡5z$}R~€‚}„ŸÅƌ8”NŠœ ¡)”5z$

¤G¤BÇȇ8z}Á‚ƒ$ŠÁz$}R~€ƒ$ŠÉz#Œ)~’|°¾|*}s¡z”5€Šsz~’}s‚#ƒ$ŠÉ„ƒrÊ;|*ˆ5|*”5ƒ#”.¿±;|Œ=Š‰zW¯5|*”=Šz*Š–Šœ|*#‚‘I„)Ë$Š‚ƒr„‘–{)Œ)~ „ƒŠ

º‘„ƒ##‚”=Š–e„|*”)~̐€»ƒ§*‡8ƒ}R~’€Šœƒ”8|Œ=Š z;‘a~€‘‡5}s‘##‚ƒaŒeŠœƒ‡8|Œ5}:‚ƒ}sƒ#Œ8ƒ#‚.„ƒ$Š „)|*”5”8‘ƒ$ŠGƒa~Ÿ‚zº€Šsƒz#Œ‡5|* ”)~Ÿ„)ƒ

”5|~€}sƒ;º|*„)Ë#‚ƒ*¿)À;z$”=Š4 ƒ9#ˆ5|*‚§„)ƒ$Š„)|*”8”5‘#ƒŠƒa~(„¥Œnº½|*„Ë#‚ƒ;”5ƒaŒ5}s|*”5z$‚ƒ$K”5|ŒeŠ4”8|Œ=ŠŠs|*º½ºƒ$Š z~‚~’z#ˆ5‘$Š ¹

‚‚º[~€ƒ#}  ƒŠ<{5ƒ$Šs|*‚”=Š „)ƒ#z$‚aŒ5Ÿƒ~̄)ƒhº½‘#º|*‚}sƒ$5z‚”eŠœŸ‹¥Œ8ƒ‚ƒ$Š z##ˊ z#Œ5§ ”)¼T|*}sº½z#~€‚|*”=Ša¿¦ ƒa~‚~€ƒ…z‡‡5}s|*#ˆ5ƒ

„)ƒ–¯5}sz$[~…„)|*”5”8ƒ};‚‚ƒaŒr‡8}s|*#ˆ5z ”5ƒ#º½ƒ#”~¹Á z}s‘#z‚’Šœz#~€‚|*”r„8»Œ5”NŠ€‰5ŠR~€Ë#ºƒ‘ ƒa~€}s|*”8‚‹¥Œ8ƒ‡5|*}R~’za{5‚ƒƒa~‚‘#¡ƒ}–

Œ)~’‚‚€Šsza{5‚ƒhŠœz$”=ŠGƒ#”)~€}szW¯5ƒ4‡8z}<Œ5”ŠRŒa¸–ƒa~Ÿˆ)Œ8º½z$‚”.¿

ÍLÎϖµÐ$т´*µ

©‘$Šsƒ#zŒ8§L„)ƒr”8ƒŒ8}s|*”5ƒ$Šz}T~€[¼T‚#‚ƒ#€Š–z$}R~€ƒ$ŠzŒ~€|°¾|*}s¡z”8€Šœz#~€}s‚#ƒ$Š„)ƒ0Ê;|*ˆ5|*”5ƒ#”= ¯5‚¡‚‚z$”5#ƒ

‘#‚ƒ#~’}s|*ƒ”8‘a‡8ˆ5z |*¡)}sz$º½ºƒ$)#‚zyŠ²Šs[¼T‚#z~’‚|*”=)z#‡)‡8‚‚#z~’‚|*”º½‘#„‚#z‚ƒ*¿

(3)

5 62798;:-<>="?"@-8A4<>7

B"CED%CF%GHCJIKCMLONPONRQSUTOVCWCX%DYIZNR[%[%\F0CG]GHCT*DYIZ\[%NTON^XC_QR`-TaQRC2XbIKNcXVNd.QRNTOC2XEXVNRCT*D%NR[%Ne-f.CXEghTOCfiF0`-dOjKk.XNR`ZQR`-PONRC2l

dmXknVjO`KQR`-PnNRClC_FoPO`*TO`-GHNClCD%VOpqprsDtkKGu`KQR`*PONRe-f.CGuCT*D0lNRQvXNPZTONR[%NRC\LOCNQ%p"wxTMSDcD%F Nyzf.CQSbIK\TO`-GHNTOSD%NR`*TMIO{\D%SD0X

IKCbLONPnNRQRSTOVCbSfO|}IZNR[%[%\F0CT*D0X~TONLnCSfz|I*f}VknVQRCb\LOCNRQ€%X;`*G‚GHC_NRQ%pƒ%QvdiCfZD…„D%F C†V`-T.XNRIK\_F \†V`-G‚GuCbQRC‡TONLOC_SUf

IO{S-VD%NLnSD%NR`-TMI*fJVC_FoLOC_SUfWCD]X`-fmX€RDoCTOIEIK`*TOV^Do`*fKD%C2X…QRC2X…`*di\_F S_D%NR`-T.X‚GHCT*D%S-QCXHIKCQRSˆX;NG‚d.QRCIK\D%CVD%NR`-TˆIO{fzTnC

NTO[%`KF%GHS_D%NR`-TŠ‰‹Q{\_QRSyi`ZF S_D%NR`-TŒCDQc{C|Od.F0CXXNR`-TIO{fOT}V`*G‚d.`KF4DoCGHCT*DpB"CbTONLOCSfŒIKCbd.C_F [%`KF%GHSTOVCESfOPKGHCT*D%C

SULnCV‡VCQf.NIKC'QRSYLONPONRQRSTOVCŽ fmXe-fm{‰YfOTM`-dZD%NG]fzGSUfm€tIKC_QR‰bI-f.e-f.C_QQRSd.CF0[%`KF%GHSTOVC…y.S*NcXXCKp’‘CVN"d.CF%GHCDIZC

V`-G‚d.F0CTOIZF CEe-fm{fOT“TONLOC_SUfŠIKCbLONPONQRSUTnVCby.SKX†ghdiF0NLOS_D%NR`-TIKCMX`-G]GHCNQRq~`*fŒ\QCLO\Mg%X%D%F C2XX;qHd.CfZD~S*Q”D%\F0CF'QRCX

d.CF0[%`KFoGuSUTnVCXb•–—p"B{S*VD%NLON”D%\‡\QRC_VD%F NRe*fiC†X d.`-T*D%STO\C‡I-f˜V`KFtD%C|“CX%DfzTnCS-VD%NLnN”D%\I-kKTOSGHNe-f.ClX%D%`KVjOSZXoD%NRe*fiC2l

TO`-T™QRNTO\S*NRF0CšCDJTO`-T›X%D%SD%NR`*TKTOS*NRF CZpbœ.`-TCTOF CPONcX%D%F CGHCT*D0lYF0\S*QRNcX\žd.S*F“\QRC_VDoF0`KCTOV\dOjOS*QR`-POF0SdzjnNRCšgtr"r"Ÿ q0l

IK\d.CTOI}C2XXCT*D%NRCQRQCGHCT*DIKCMQc{CG]diQS-VCGHCT*DIKCXb\_QRCVD%F0`KIKC2Xl IKCMQRCf.FXbNG‚d.\IZSUTOVC2XbS-NT.XN‚e-f.CEIKCEQc{\DoS_D~IZC

LONPONQRSUTnVC}`-f¡IKCŠX;`*G‚GHC_NRQI-f¢X f_ŽCDECT£e-f.CX%D%NR`-T¤p‚B"C‹d.SKXXSPOC}\LOCNRQ€%X;`*G‚GHC_NRQC2XoDEVS*F S*VD%\F0NcX\‹d.S*FEIKCX

VjOSTKPOCGuCT*D0X¥y.F%fmX;e*fiC2X¦CT§[%F0\e-f.CTnVCXlHCT§SUG]diQN”DtfiIZCX¦CDbIKCXEIKNcX%D%F0NyOfKD%NR`*T.XYD%`-d.`-PnF SdOjONRe-f.CXEI-f¨XNPKTOS*Q

r"r©Ÿ^pZ‘C2XVjOSUTZPOCGuCT*D0XIKNR[%[%ª_F CT*D’IO{fOT^X f_ŽCD’‰«fOTuSUfZD%F CZp

¬H`-fmX diF0\XCT*D%`-T.X IKST.X VC diSd.NRC_F­fOTOC IK\GHS*F VjOC d.`-f.F IK\POSPOC_F®QRCX®d.S-F0SUGuªD%F0CX \_QRCVD%F0`O€

CTOV\dOjOS-Q`-POF0SUdOjONRe*fiC2X~X fmXVCdZD%Ny.QRCXHIKC'VS-F0S-VD%\_F NcXC_F‚CD IKCVQSKXXNR[%NRC_F‚QRC2X…IKN[%[%\F0CT*D0XH\D%SD0X‚IKCHLONPnNRQRSTOVC~VjnC¯

IKCXŒX f_ŽCD X}CT™XN”Dtf.SD%NR`*TF0\CQQRC°CDJCT¨D%CTOST*D¦V`*G‚dZD%CŒIKCX“S-F4D%C[%S*VD XpHr"QRQRC}fZD%NRQRNcXCŒIKC2X‹S*QPO`KF0N”DtjKGuCX‹IZC

VQRSZXXNR[%NVSD%NR`-TSfZDo`*GHS_DoNe-f.CE‰JSUdOd.F0CT*D%NcXXSPOCbTO`-TŠX fOdiC_FoLnNcX\bCTWLKfIKC ^<Hz±_±aQ‚JÌH)uNP€O3f5O)u²oW_<l<u#O-²<MŸQ€H3^<H6P€O

o–u#O)J±aQ[o–Q€_<J3]¥gÄH)Q‚Pc³±#_>´´NH)Q‚P;HJ3H¥t>²<P’_ÄQ[oWOJKoP€Hz±u²<u#_¤²<uWQ€]¥oW]z±oW_>²(_<P€_Äl<QµK`:Hz± IZCX‚VS*FtD%CX‚SfZD%`O€t`KF%POSUTnNcXSD%F0NRVCX

IKCv¶·`*jO`-TOCT^gs`-f‡œmw¸º¹zœ.CQR["wF%POSTONR¯NTZPH¸MSUd£CTHSTKPOQRS*NcXqp

» ¼¡½i8¾K:*At¿*ÀtÁ¿-8¼¡¾-8Ã"<>="¿KÁ

Ä.ÅhÆ Ç¤ÈZÉÊËÌ

‘CDcDoC^\Dtf.IKC^Sdi`ZFtD%\'Xf.F VNTOeˆX fŽCD0XŽCfzTnCXl"X;S*NT.Xl’ÍPO\X IKCE–ΉÏ.ÐYST.Xl’IKC^XC|.C‚GHSZXVf.QRNT.l’\Dtf.IKNRST*D0X·CT

GH\_IKCVNTnCKpxB"CMF C_VFofZD%CGuCT*D‡X{CX%D[%S*N”D~d.S*FYV`*T*D%S-VDIKNF C_VDCD~S*I-jO\2XNR`-T“LO`KQR`*T*D%S-NRF0CKpv‘jOS*e-f.CMXf_ŽCD~SJCfaÐ

CTOF0CPnNcX%DoF0CGuCT*D0XHIKCÏOÑEjOCf.F0CXH‰}–_҅Ž`-f.FXHIO{NT*D%C_FoLOS*QRQRCZp’Ós`*fiF]VjOS*e-f.CCTOF0CPnNcX%DoF0CGuCT*D0lQRCÔXf_ŽCD·F0CG]d.QRN”DxfOT

e-f.CX%D%NR`-TKTnS-NRF0CdiF0\VNX;ST*D’QRC2X©jO`KF0S-NF C2XIO{CTOIZ`KFoGuNcXXCGHCT*D’CD’IZCxF0\LOC_NRQzTn`KVDtfiF%TOCvCD’\LOCT*Dtf.CQQRCGuCT*D’IKNfiF%TOCZp

Ä.ÅÄ ÕxÖm×Ê*ØnفÌË×ÊÚ^ÊÖzËÌ

BÛ{\_e-f.Nd.CGuCT*D‚fZD%NRQRNcX\bC2X%D·fOT“X k.X%D%ªGuCYIn{CTOF0CPONXoD%F0CGuCT*D‚SG‚yOf.QRS_D%`KNRF0CYIZCYQ`-TKPKf.C‡I-f.F \_C‡‰JÎbLO`KNRC2XlÜGu`KIKªQC

wx݂ÞwßxࣸMr"ස%BÛwŸ¡áOâzâOâ>piBÛ{CTOF0CPnNcX%D%F CGHCTUDSTOS*QR`-PONe-f.C‚CX%DC_[%[%CVDtf.\]Xf.FVSZXX;CDcDoCGuSUPKTn\D%NRe-f.C]gtSUf.IKN`Kq0l

d.S-F QRS†X f.N”D%C~NRQÛCX%DxTKfOGH\_F NX;\^CDxLnNcX fiS*QRNX;\Hd.S-FfOTMX k.X%D%ªGuC~IZC~F0CQRC_VDtfiF0CKp‘jOS*e-f.CHCTOF0CPONXoD%F0CGuCT*DvV`-G‚d.`KF4D%C

IKCfO|LO`KNRC2XYIO{rÛwŸãgt\QCVD%F `n€t`KVf.QR`-POF0SUG]GHC_q0lxfzTnCbLO`KNRCEIO{r"¸MŸãgt\QCVD%F `*G‚kO`-PnF SG‚GuCqHI-f“GHCT*D%`-T“CD…VNTOe

LO`KNRC2X¥In{r"r"Ÿ^pB"S}[%F0\e-f.CTnVCJIO{\VjOST*D%NRQRQ`-TKTOSPOCJIZCbD%`-fmXbQRC2XEX;NPKTOSfz|aCTOF0CPONcX%D%F0\XbCX%DIKCa–Ï>ÎJ䂯OpåãQRS

F C_QRCVDtf.F0Cl~e-f.S_D%F CCTOF0CPONXoD%F0CGuCT*D0XJNTONDoNSUfO|£NTnC|Od.QR`KN”D%SyiQCXJX`-T*D†\QRNGuNTO\2X2æu`-TO¯C“CTOF0CPnNcX%DoF0CGuCT*D0X¦IZC‹ÏOÑ

jOCf.F0CXX`-T*D’S*NT.XN.F CDoCTKfmXp

Ä.Åç è…Èmé-êRÙRë4ÙcìéUË0ÙcíKÖ'îiÊ*ÌïËéUËÌîiÊxð.ÙcØKÙRêcé*Ö>ìʏñéK×vêtòÊóOñ>Ê*×Ë

BÛ{STOS*Qk.XCHLONcX f.CQRQRCHd.F S_D%NRe-f.\C2lX f.F QRCX‚¯`*TOCX‚IKC D%F0SUTzX;NDoN`-T†\LOC_NRQc€%X`-G‚GuCNRQld.S*FxfOT†C|Od.CF4DxCT†NTUDoC_Fod.F0\D%S_DoN`-T

IKCHQc{r"r"ŸôCDCTd.`KQkzX;`*G‚TO`-PnF SdOjONRClS…d.CF%GuNcXIKC‚IKN[%[%\F0CTOVNRC_FX f.FvVCX¯`-TOC2X«IZCD%F ST.XN”D%NR`-TÔVNTOe~TONLOCSfO|bIZC

LONPONQRSUTnVCK¹LnCNRQRQC¦S_DcDoCT*D%NLOCWghõ S*q0l«LOC_NRQRQRCEVS*QGuC€hkOCfz|Š`-fOLOCF4D0Xbghõ Vkn`Kq0lxLOCNRQQRCEVS-QGHC€hknCfO|Œ[%C_FoGu\Xbghõ«VkO[%q0l

(4)

[%CF%GH\2XS-F4D%C[%S*VDo\Âghõ VkO[%S*F0q’CDsGu`-fOLOCGuCT*D"gt¸ELOqp

Ä.Å x×é-ÙË0ÊÚ~ÊÖOË

‘`*G‚GHCHd.F CGHNRC_FvDoF0S*N”D%CGHCT*D X d.CVD%F S*Qcl’fOTOC‚D%F0SUTzX;[%`ZFoGu\C^IKC~Þ`-f.F0NRCF ßvSUd.NRIKC^‰†‘`*fiF4DC_FoGuC^gÞߏ‘qvCX%D

SUdOd.QRNRe*fi\_C~‰‡QRS‡IK\_F NLOSD%NR`*TEr"r"Ÿ diS*F0NR\D%`O€t`ZVVNd.N”D%S-QRC^IKF0`KN”D%C'gtÓsÑ.€%wÏOq X fiF IKC2X·d.`KFtD%NR`*T.X‚IKC^ÑEXCV`-TnIKCXl’SULnCV

fOTOC‡[%CTO„DoF0C‡IKCd.`-TOIK\_F S_D%NR`-TWIKC^DkZdiCä]SG‚GuNTKPWCD·fOTOC‡F0\X`KQfZD%NR`-TWIKC†Ò’–ÏMdi`ZNT*D0Xp©BÛ{SUTnS-QkzX;C‡IO{fOTOC‡XCfiQC

IK\F0NLOS_D%NR`-TMr"r"Ÿ C2X%D·IKNVDo\_C~d.S-F QRC'X`-f.VNIZC~F0\S*QRNcXCFfOTMX k.X%D%ªGuC…GuSD%\_F NRC_Q°‰‡CTOV`-G‚y.F0CGuCT*DxGuNTONGuS-Q%pB"C

VjO`KN|›IKCšQSôIZ\F0NLOS_DoN`-TÓÑ.€%w«ÏF0\d.`-TnI ‰£Qc{`-y_ŽC_VDoN[JIO{\LONDoC_F“QRCX}S*FtD%C_[%S-VD0X}`KVf.QRS*NRF0CX}IKC2X}IK\F0NLOS_D%NR`-T.X

[%F `*T*D%S-QRC2X~CD]IO{`-yZDoCTONRF‚fOTOC‡S*VDoNLON”D%\‡S-QdzjnSEIKC^Do`*di`*POF SdOjONRCd.`OX%D%\F0NRCf.F0CYVS*F0S-VD%\F0NcX%D%NRe-f.C‡IKC‡QRSbLOC_NRQRQRCVS*QGuC

kOCfO|^[%C_FoGu\Xp

xTOC]C|ZD%F S*VD%NR`-T‡IKC]Ï.Ð'y.STOIKC2X·X d.CVD%F0S-QCXIKC†–«ä]¯HS*QRQRST*DIKCb– ‰^ÏOÑÔä]¯*l¤Tn`KFoGuS-QNcX\CXxd.S*FF SdOdi`ZFtD‰HÓ"œ ‹S

\D%\vC[%[%CVDtf.\C

!

"

!$##

%

%

!

&

&

+ ×

=

')(+*,-'4`(Q4±±#OJ<f5H.(>²(H5f¥o–uO)P€H/*;_ÌoWO)P’H5V0'(1,-'4`(Q4±±#OJ<f5H.(>²(H5f¥o–uO)P€H.D

åd.F ª2X VC D%F S*N”D%CGuCT*DNTnN”D%NRS-Q§CDQRC VjO`KN| IO{fOT V`KIZSUPOC I-f X;NPKTOS*Qžd.S*F yiSTOIKC2XlžIKC2X D%F S*N”D%CGuCT*D0X

V`-TKTOC|.NR`-TKTONXoD%C2XX;`*T*D’SUdOd.QRNRe*fi\2Xp

Ä.Å2 3

¿ZÁ@K½>:8¿KÁ½>?’8<04<>:$5>½>7"AtÁ_½i8:-A4@K¿KÁÂ=©¿76M<>Ã"<>7"¿K7

B"C~V`-TZTOC|.NR`-TnNcX GHCHCX%DvQc{\Dtf.IKCHIKCX F \2XCSfO|EIKC‚TOCf.F `-TnCX·S*F4DoN[%NRVNRCQXUp>ƒ%Q’d.CfZDxCT‡diS*F4DoNVfiQNRCF X{NT*D%\_F C2XXC_FSUfO|

d.F `-d.F0NR\D%\2XX%DoS_D%NcX%D%NRe-f.CX~IZCX‚D%F0S-N”D%CGHCTUD0X~C[%[%C_VDf.\2Xud.S*F‚IKC2X…F0\XCSfO|JF0CQSD%NLOCGHCT*D‚XNG]d.QRCXHCD F \PKf.QRNRC_FXl`-f

CTOV`ZF C2l·CTžXC¦[%`-TnIKSUTUD‡Xf.F‡QRS“V`-TKTnS-NXXSTOVCES*VDf.C_QRQRCEIKC2XÔGH\_VSUTnNcX GHCX‡I-fŒ[%`*TOVD%NR`-TKTOCGHCT*D~I-fŠVCF%LOCSfml

GH`KIZ\QRNcXC_Fl’diS*F QRSGHNcXCHSfbd.`KNTUDxIKCHF0\XC_SUfO|EIn{NT.X diNF S_D%NR`-T‡y.NR`KQR`-PnNRe-f.Cl’IKNR[%[%\_F CT*D0X·SZX diC_VD0X·IKCHQRS'V`-PKTON”D%NR`*Tp

à SUT.XvD%`-fmX·QRC2X·VSZXl’QRC2X·F0\XCSfO|E\Df.IKN\X `-T*DxIZCX«d.F0`-d.F N\D%\X IKC D%F S*N”D%CGuCT*DIKC]Qc{NTO[%`KF%GHS_D%NR`-T‡V`-G]G‚fOTOC2XUp.B©S

GHNcXCJCTa`KCfOLOF0CJIO{fOTŒPOF0SUTnI}TO`-G‚y.F0CJIKCWVCQRQf.QRC2X¥IZC¦y.SKXCl980QRC2XˆTnCf.F `*TOCX:8lD%F SLOS*NRQRQRST*D‡CTŒd.S-F0S*QRQRªQCJCD

GHSZXX;NLOCGuCT*DNTUDoC_F V`*TKTOCVD%\2Xl QRCf.F‡IK`*TKTOCMIKCXbVSd.S-VN”D%\2XbIO{SUdOd.F CT*D%NcXXSUPOCMCDIZC¥d.F0NcXC¦IKCMIK\_VNcXNR`-T.l]X;ST.X

NT*D%F0`KI-f.NRF0CxC|zd.QRNVN”D%CGHCT*D’IKCvF ªPOQRC2X

à SUT.XJVCWDoF0SLOS-NQcl…fOTOC“C|ZD%F S*VD%NR`-T§SfKD%`-GuSD%NRe*fiC“IKC“VS_D%\PO`KF0NRC2X¦‰ŒQc{S-NIKC“IKCJGH`KIKª_QRCXMSUfZD%`O€t`KF%POSTONcX\X gtSdOdiF0CTUDoNXXSPOCJTO`-T.€%X fOd.CF%LONcX\q†CX%DbF0\S*QRNcX\_CKp]‘C2X¥GH`KIZªQRC2X¦XCF0`-T*D‡C|Od.QR`KNDo\2Xˆd.`-f.F†QRSŒX\d.S*F S_D%NR`-TaCDYQRS

VQRSZXXNR[%NRVS_DoN`-TEIKC2X‚\D%S_D X‚IZC…LONPONRQRSTOVCKpB"C…yOfZDxC2X%DxIO{fZD%NRQRNcXCFÂQRC‚d.`-fOLO`KNRFIZCX·VS*F4DoC2X·SfZDo`n€t`KFoPnSUTONX;S_D%F NVCX·IZC

¶ `-jO`*TOCT‡‰'X\d.S*F C_FlsIn{fOTOC][%S<;`*TTO`-TYXfOd.CF%LONcX\_ClsIKC2X\D%SD0Xxd.S-FvS*NRQRQRCfiFXxIK\4Ž‰He-f.S*QRNR[%NR\2Xd.S-FQc{C|zd.C_FtD0lidi`*fiF

STOS*Qk.XCFSfmXXN>y.NRCT'QRSHF0\d.S-F4D%N”D%NR`-T'IKC VCXv\D%SD0XX f.FQc{CX d.S*VC·IZC‚X`KF4D%NRC e-f.CQRC2XSZXX;`ZVNRSD%NR`*T.Xe*fiNid.CfzLnCT*DÛXC

IK\POSPOCF CTUDoF0C^VCX‚\D%S_D0XUpB"C…Gu`KIKªQCYœmw¸ GH`KIZ\QRNcXC^QRCHGH\VSTONcX GuC~IKC^Qc{SfKD%`†`KFoPnSUTONX;S_D%NR`-T¥Xd.S_D%NRS-QCHIKCX

d.CF0VCdZD%NR`-TzX·`-d.\F0\C‚d.S*FQRCHV`KF4D%C|¥X;`*fmX·[%`KF%GHCHIO{fOTd.F0`KVCXX fmX«IZC‚VQRSZXX;N[%NRVSD%NR`*T^D%`-d.`-POF0SUdOjONRe*fiCZpsœ.CQR`-TÔVC

d.F0`KVCXX fmXl‚QCXEIK`-TKTO\_CXEIO{CT*D%F0\C2Xl‚F0CdiF0\XCT*D%SUy.QRC2X¥IKST.XEQRCJVSZXˆPn\TO\_F S*Q^X`-fmXb[%`KFoGuC¦IZC¥LOC_VD%Cf.FXb‰M¬

IKNGHCTzX;N`-T.XlX`-T*DHF0SUGuCTO\_CX~‰EIKC2X~VQRSZXXCX~e-f.NÂX{SfZD%`¦`KF%POSTONcXCTUDHXCQR`-TMfOTOC†X%DoF%f.VDtfiF0Cy.NRIKNGuCT.XNR`-TZTOCQRQC

IKCJT>=f.IOXJX f.FEQRS*e-f.CQRQC‹QCXEF C_QRSD%NR`*T.XEIKC¦LO`KNX;NTOSUPnC“X`-T*DdiF0\IZ\[%NTONCXpB"C¦d.F `KVC2XXfmXEIKCJVQRSZXXNR[%NRVS_DoN`-T

D%`-d.`-POF0SdzjnNRe-f.C£I-f GH`ZIKªQRCœmw¸ V`-G‚y.NTnCôIZ`-TOVôfOTOC§\D%SUd.CšIZCšVQRSZXXNR[%NVSD%NR`-T™SLOC_V¨fOTOC§\D%SUd.CšIZC

d.F0`ŽCVD%NR`*TJIKC2X~IK`-TZTO\C2XUp’Ó`-f.F‚QSbF0\S*QRNcXS_DoN`-TMIKCVC~Gu`KIKª_QRCV`-TKTnC|.NR`-TKTnNcX%DoC2lIKCfO|WV`-f.VjOCXHIKC~TnCf.F `*TOCX

X`-T*DEfZDoNQRNcX\C2XU¹HQRSadiF0CGuNRªF0CŒF0Cd.F \2XCT*D%CŒQRC2XJCT*D%F0\CXl~QSšXCV`*TOIKC}QCX“X`KFtD%NRC2X“gtQRCXJVQRSZXX;C2Xqp‚B"CXJIKCfO|

V`-f.VjOC2XX`-T*D‚CT*D%NRªF0CGuCT*D]V`-TKTOC_VDo\_CXp"BÛ{S*QPO`ZF N”DtjKGuC‡IO{SUdOd.F CT*D%NcXXSUPOC‡I-fWGH`KIKª_QRCEœ>w¸ C2XoD diF0\XCT*D%\YIZC

(5)

'¾KÁ?’Àc8½i8Á¿-8v="AtÁ@Z?©Á_ÁA4<>7©Á‡7"½iÀÁ¿H="¿KÁ O<>7"¿KÁ="¿‚8:*½>7"ÁAc8At<>7"Á"½>:‚@Z½>:U8¿ZÁ="¿76M<>é<>7"¿K7

“Nz~’}s‚#ƒ„ƒŠs|*}R~€‚ƒ4‡8|Œ8}G‚ƒhŠ•ŒW¸–ƒ~B™

B"CXxF0\X f.Q”D%SD0XxIZC·Q{SdOd.QRNRVS_DoN`-TIZCXx`-fZD%NRQXTOCf.F0`-TOSfO|>lid.F \2XCT*D%\XvVNc€tIKCXX fmXlsX f.FQRCXd.`KF4DoN`-T.XI-f‡XNPZTOS-Q>r"r"Ÿ]l

CTOF0CPnNcX%DoF0\£VjOC¯¡QRCXaIKNR[%[%\F0CTUD X§Xf_ŽCD0XšX`-T*D“IK\VF0N”D0XŒCD“SUTOS*Qk.X\2XžVNc€tIZCXX f>Xpà ST.XŠTn`D%F Cš\DtfiIZClYTO`-fmX

X`-fOjOS-NDo`*T.XxLONcX f.S-QRNX;C_FxQS~IKNXoD%F0NyOfZDoN`-T‡IKC2XIK`-TKTO\_CX X d.CVD%F S*QRC2X·X f.FvQRS~V`*fiVjnC‚IKCuX;`ZFtD%NRCZp>‘C_VNsTO`-fmXSHSGHCTn\

‰£C|Od.QR`KN”D%CF“QRSaD%`D%S*QRN”D%\°IZCX}IK`-TZTO\C2X}IKNcX d.`-TONy.QRC2X‹d.`-f.F‹VjnS-e-f.CaX f_ŽCDpHB"CX“CT*D%F0\CXJfZDoNQRNcX\C2X}X`-T*DMQRCX

d.`-f.F VCT*D%SUPOC2X“Xd.C_VDoF0Sfz|¡IKC2XJÏiаy.STOIKC2X˜IZC –ä]¯Ï.ÐZp‚à CXJVSUG]d.SUPKTnCXJIO{CXXS-NX¥GHCTO\C2X¥d.`-f.FEQRCX

IKNR[%[%\_F CT*D0X‚X f_ŽCD0X·`*T*DGH`-T*D%F0\‚e-f.C]QRS…GuCNQRQRCf.F0C‚V`-Tn[%NPKf.F S_D%NR`-T‡C2X%DVC_QRQRC]‰~Ï.ÐCT*D%F0\C2XÂd.`-f.FfOTOCD%`-d.`KQR`*PONRC‚IZC

X`KFtD%NRC^yiNIKNGHCT.XNR`-TKTnCQRQRC'‰EÒ-|m҈TOCf.F `-TnCXp’B"CF0\X f.Q”D%SD0l©d.`-f.F‚VjOS*e-f.C‡X f_ŽCD0lXC~d.F0\XCT*D%C‡X`-fmXH[%`KF%GHC^IO{fzTnC

GHS_D%F NRVC'IKC‡Ò-|m҈TOCf.F `-TnCXHV`KF F0CX d.`-TOIZSUT*D ‰†QRSbV`-f.VjOC'IKC‡X`KF4DoNCI-fMGH`KIKª_QRCKp>¬NlŽ CX%D QRC~TOCf.F `-TnCIKCQRS

QRNPKTnC~Ncl"V`KQR`-TZTOCxŽ2psr’TEC_[%[%CD0l’SUf†diSZXXSUPnCHIO{fzTnC‚yiSZXCHIO{C|.CG]d.QRCXl’VjOS*e-f.C‚TOCf.F0`-TOCHCX%DvS-VD%NLO\‚d.S*F¯\F0`OlsfOT

`-fMdiQf>XNRCf.FXHC|.CG]d.QRCXp"‘jOS-VfOTMIKC'VCXHC|.CG]d.QRCXHSb\Do\^diS*F‚S*NRQRQCf.FXHSZXX`KVN\‰YfOTM\D%S_DIKCHLONPONRQSUTOVCHd.S-F

Qc{C|Od.CF4Dp‹B"CX™V`-T*D%F NyzfZD%NR`-TzX IKC VjOS*e-f.C \D%SD¡‰ãQc{S-VD%NLOS_D%NR`-T IKCX™IKNR[%[%\F0CTUD X TOCfiF0`-TOC2Xô¬NlŽ X`-T*D

F \d.CF4Do`ZF NR\_CXpiÓ`-f.FQRCTOCf.F0`-TOCv¬NclŽ!·CD©fOTV`ZFodOfmXxIO{C|.CG‚d.QRCXvIK`-TKTO\2Xl¤‰HVjOS*e-f.C \D%S_D©dOjKk.XNR`KQR`*PONRe-f.C e-f.NsS

S-VD%NLn\ŒVC}TOCf.F0`-TOCaX`-T*DMSDcD%F Nyzf.\_CX¦D%F0`KNcXJLOS*F NRSy.QRCX“e-f.N‡VS-F0S-VD%\_F NcXCT*DJX`-T§D%SUfO|¢IKC}d.S-F4D%NRVNd.SD%NR`*TpHB©S

d.F CGHNRª_F C2l©TO`D%\CÓlCX%D QRC~TO`*G‚y.F C'IO{S-VD%NLnSD%NR`-TzX‚IKC~VCHTOCfiF0`-TOCHd.S-F Qc{\DoS_DV`-T.XNRIZ\F0\KpsB"S‡IKCfz|.NRªGHC2l9TO`D%\_C

#"%$olCX%D QRC~d.`-f.F VCT*D%SUPnCI-fMTO`-G‚y.F0CIO{SdOdiS*F0N”D%NR`-T.XHIKCVCD·\DoS_D]Xf.F]QRC~TOCfiF0`-TOC2lF SdOd.`KFtD%\SfMTO`-G‚y.F0C‚D%`D%S*Q

IO{`KVVf.F F0CTnVCX}IKCaVCDJ\DoS_DJIKST.X}QRSšy.SZX;CZp~B"SaD%F `KNX;NªGHC2lÔTO`2Do\_C &"'cl‡CX%DJQRCŒdi`*fiF0VCTUDoSPOCaI-f Tn`-G‚y.F0C

IO{S-VD%NLnSD%NR`-TzX~IKC‡VCTOCf.F0`-TOCd.S-F‚fOTW\D%S_D·d.S-FHF0SUdOd.`KF4D·SfMTO`-G‚y.F0CHD%`D%S-QIn{S*VD%NLOS_D%NR`-T.XHI-fMGH„GuC~TOCfiF0`-TOCZp

œiCf.QcXxQRC2XD%F `KNXd.F CGHNRC_FXD%SfO|‡IO{S-VD%NLnSD%NR`*T.Xd.S-FTnCf.F `*TOC]X;`*T*D©F0CD%CTKfmXxgtQRSuX`-G‚GuCIKCX#"('idiS*F©TnCf.F `*TOCxT.{CX%D

IK`-TOV d.SKXx`*yiQNPOS_Do`ZNRF CGHCT*D\PnS-QRC ‰E–_âOâKqpzB"SH[%NPZfiF0C‡–xd.F \2XCT*D%C QRS‚GHS_D%F NVCIKC X`KF4D%NRC`-yZD%CTKf.Cxd.`-f.FÛQRC X f_ŽCD–*p

B"S°IKNXoD%F0NyOfZDoN`-T£IKC2X˜V`*fiQCf.FXJIKC2X¦TOCf.F0`-TOC2X‹X f.FMQRS°VS*F4DoCWD%`-d.`KQR`-PONe-f.CŒX f.N”DEQc{\LO`KQfKD%NR`*TšI-f§TONLOC_SUf£IZC

LONPONQRSUTnVCl¦IKC¡Qc{\LOC_NRQJS_DcDoCT*D%NR[}õ S›ghy.QRSTOVqŒSUf X%D%S-IZC –£I-f X`-G‚GuCNRQWgt[%`-TOV\_q}CD“diC_FoGuCD}IZC¨Ln\F0NR[%NRCF

LONcX f.CQRQCGHCT*D‚QRC‡VS*F S*VD%ªF0C^Do`*di`ZQR`-PONRe*f.CYIZCYQSEVS-F4D%CKp’åd.F ª2X~QRSbdOjOSZX;C‡IO{SdOdiF0CTUDoNXXSPOC~TO`*TWXfOd.CF%LONcX\2l©fzTnC

SUTnS-QkzX;CHIZCX·IZNcX%DoF0NyOfZD%NR`-T.X]Xd.S_D%NRS-QCX·IZCHQRSVS*FtD%CHS\D%\HC[%[%CVDtf.\CZp>B{\Df.IKCHS^di`ZFtD%\HX f.FvQc{SUdZD%N”Dtf.IKC‚IKC]QRS^VS-F4D%C

œ>w¸º‰…d.F0`KI-f.NRF0C·fOTOC]F \diS*F4DoNDoN`-Td.CF4D%NTOCT*D%C‚IKC2X«\D%SD0XIKC·LnNPONRQRSTOVC diF0\IZ\[%NTONXlXf.FvQRCXxTOCf.F `-TnCXIKC]X`KFtD%NRCZp

à SUT.XvQRC VSKXx`*)fOT~TOCf.F `-TnC·C2X%DS-VD%NLn\diS*FfOT‡XCfiQ>\D%SD0lK¬Ñ.lÏ+CD¬Ñ.lRЏIKCQRS][%NPKf.F C'–li`*T^IKNRF0S‚e-fm{NRQ>CX%D

X di\_VNR[%NRe-f.CH‰VCDx\DoS_Dp>à·ST.X QRCHVSKX `,)‡d.QfmXNRCf.FX«\D%SD0Xxd.S-F4D%NRVNd.CT*D‰^Qc{S-VD%NLnSD%NR`-TÔI-f‡GH„GuC·TOCf.F `-TnCls`-TÔQRCX

d.F \2X;CT*D%CF0SdiS*F"`KF0IKF CvIK\_VF `KNXXST*D’IKC2X "%$ CD’Q{STOS*Qk.XCÂX;Cv[%CF0S]XCQR`-T«D%F `KNX`KF NCT*D%S_DoN`-T.X¹

B"Sžd.F0CGHNªF0C}V`-T.XNcX%D%C}‰aIK\_VF NRF0CQRCJTOCf.F0`-TOCJd.S-FEF0SUdOd.`KF4Db‰aX`-TaLO`KNcXNTOSPOCZp·r’T§C[%[%CD0lHQRCXCT.X¦IZC Qc{\LO`KQfZD%NR`-T†IKC2X«\D%SD0XIO{S-VD%NLnSD%NR`-TÔIO{fOTTOCf.F0`-TOC]‰…fOT‡SfZDoF0CHX f.N”DfOT‡VjOCGHNT‡V`*jO\F0CT*DSLOCVHQ{\LO`KQfZD%NR`-TÔIKCX

(6)

D%Sfz|^In{SdOd.S-F0N”D%NR`-T…g#"%$q"X fiF"QRCTOCfiF0`-TOCvCTHe-f.CX%D%NR`-T…gtÞsNPKf.F C^–qp

B"SHD%F `KNX;NªGHCHSTOS*Qk.XCHQc{`KVVf.F0F CTOVCl’IKST.X QRC‚GH„GHC‚TOCfiF0`-TOC2l’IKCXxd.S-NF C2Xl>LO`KNRF0C‚IKC2XDoF0Nd.QRCD XlsIn{\D%SD0Xe-f.N X`-T*DV`-T.XNRIK\_F \2XžLO`KNcXNTzX°X f.F‹fOTOCš\_VjOC_QRQRCšIO{\DoS_D0XžIZC°LONPONQRSUTnVCKpH¬H`D%`-T.XŒe-f.CšVCDcD%Cš\_VjOCQRQCšNTOIKNe-f.C

Qc{\LO`KQfZD%NR`-T†IKCHQRS^LONPONRQSUTOVC2l’IKCHQc{\LOC_NRQ’S_DcD%CT*D%NR[vghõ S*q>Ž fmXe-fm{SUfˆX%D%S-IKC†–]g œKD%I’–qI-fˆX`-G‚GuCNRQlsCTd.SZXX;ST*Dd.S-F

QRC2X‹\DoS_D0X‹IKNX;VF0CD0X“NT*D%CF%GH\_IKNRS*NRF C2Xp…B"CŒ¸EL£T.{CX%D¥d.SZX‹NTnIKNRe-f.\l\DoST*DEIK`-TZTO\}e-f.CŠX;`*T£`KVVf.F F0CTnVC}CX%D

S*QR\S_D%`KNRF0CxCDsTOCvIK\d.CTnI‚e-f.CvI-fHGH`-fOLOCGHCT*D’IKC2X\QRC_VDoF0`KIKC2X`-f^I-f'X f_ŽCDp

Ós`*fiF]SUy.`-fZD%NRF]‰bQc{STOS-Qk.XCIKCVC2X…SZXX;`ZVNRS_DoN`-T.XlQRCX‚TOCfiF0`-TOC2X…e*fiNvX`-TUD·S*VD%NLO\X‚d.S-F fOTMV`-fOdiQC~IO{\DoS_D0Xl9d.S-F

C|.CG]d.QRC^ghõ VkO[0lsõ VkO[%S*F0q0l©g œ.`-G…lhœKD%I’–q0l’`-TUDx\D%\HV`-G]dZDoSy.NRQRNcX\2XUp>B"C D%SUy.QRC_SUfŠ–‚IK`*TKTOCl>di`*fiFvVjOS*e-f.CHX f_ŽCD0lsQC

TO`-G]yiF0CHIKC TOCf.F0`-TOCXIKC]Qc{CX d.S-VC]IKCHX`ZFtD%NRC]IKC‚QRS^VS*FtD%C‚IZC‚¶ `-jO`-TnCTEœmw¸ e-f.N’V`*T*D%NRCTKTnCT*DIKC2X«S*VD%NLOS_D%NR`-T.X

d.S-FIZCX·F0CPnF `-fOd.CGuCT*D0X IK\[%NTnNcXp¤à ST.X VjOS-e*fiCHVSZXCl’QRCHF0\X f.Q”D%SDvCX%DxF0Cd.F0\XCTUDo\^X`-fmX [%`KFoGuC^gh|%ghkzl¯q%q0l’`,)b|

CX%DQRC·Tn`-G‚y.F0C‚IKC TOCf.F0`-TOCXS*VD%NLO\Xxd.S*FxVC uH)l<u#_.`²(H-´NH)J=oWVBd2H*oNQ‚JÌ^.QcµK`:H)JKo P€H-JÌ_¤´<u#Hr^_(f5f¥`(uauH)J<f5HO±

^<Hz±;]¥oWO*o±;f5_<Js±aQ’^<])u#]z±;^<OJs±P Oz±_±#_(f)Q€O¥oœQ€_ÄJ:D

=Ѷ

x…Å[z$~’Ã¯5z~€ |*”=¥‡8z}(‚ƒ$ŠG„)¢¼¾¼T‘#}sƒ#”)~TŠ(|Œ‡8‚ƒ$ŠG„)ƒ…}sƒ#¡)}s|Œ‡5ƒ#ºƒ#”)~T)„ƒ$ŠG”5ƒaŒ8}s|*”5ƒ$ŠG„)ƒ…sÅ[ƒ$ŠR‡5z$#ƒ„ƒŠs|*}R~€‚ƒ„ƒ$Š

#z}R~’ƒŠ)¨“ „ƒ$ŠG„)¢¼¾¼T‘#}sƒ#”)~TŠ ŠRŒW¸²ƒa~TŠ

'¿ 5>:*<>? ©¿¦¿K7’8 ?*¿-85 ?U¿-8» ’?*¿*8 ?*¿-8 ?U¿-8

‚é]ìmízéZ×

¬ "!#8R™™$#&% ˜ W™˜­5Ã˜&% ™' W™$#8T™)™!(% ˜( W™šÃ˜)% # W™š*˜5Ã¬&%

]ìmíOéK×]ìmí *

a™™+#5T™$,8š% ˜ ¾˜8-,&% !. W™)™!R™a­)% ˜( €˜5/#­)% ˜ ¾¬8Æ˜&%

]é0‚ìmí

, "!#8R™+,5š% !1 W™˜­5/,&% ¬ a™+#8R™a­)% ™' W™š/#)­&% ˜ W™š*˜5Ã˜&%

]ìmí]ì.ë%éK×

!1 a™+,8š)/#5—% ˜ 2,8Æ˜&% !1 a™a­8Æ¬­)% ˜( #)­8Ã˜)% ˜ €˜5/#)­¬&%

]ìmí]ìië

™3 a™+,8š)T™š*­&% ˜ ,5¢š

* % ¬ a™a­8R™!(% ¬( #)­8¢—¥­&% ˜ €˜5T™$,&#&%

]ìiëéK×]ì.ë

# 2#8—R™#š¥­&% ˜ €˜5¢š

* % !1 ¾¬­8R™!(% ˜( €˜5¢—*­)% ™#š.22#­)¬8R™+,&#)%

‚ì.ëéK×iÇíKÚ

#(22#8—)T™$,&% ˜ €˜5/,5š% # ¾¬­8-#­)% ˜ ¾˜8¢š(% ™3 #)­¬5/#&%

]ì.ë4.ÇsíKÚ

—1 a™#š*­5T™$,&%

*

*

-,8š% !1 a™!-#­)% ¬( T—¥­8¢š(% ˜ W™$,&#5/#&%

ÇíKÚ5.ÇmËîsÆ

™'2a™+,5Ã­0!% ™!1 ,5š-#̙#—(% # 2#­8[š% #( Tš)6!,)% ˜ 2#8Æ˜&%

B"CXD%F `ZNcXYd.F CGHNRª_F C2XbSKXX`KVNRS_D%NR`-T.X†ghõ SZlõ VkO`KS*F0q0l·ghõ«VkO`KS*Flõ«VkO`Kq^CDghõ«SKlõ«VkO`Kq0lS-VD%NLnCT*DHfzT“TO`*G‚y.F CEIZC

TOCf.F0`-TOC2XHX;NPKTONR[%NRVS_D%NR[VjOS*e-f.C^[%`KNcX‚e-f.C^VCX \D%SD0X]X;`*T*Dd.F0\XCT*D0X IKSUTzX·QRS~y.SZXCHI-fMX f_ŽCDÛD%F S*N”D%\CZps‘v{CX%DxQCHVSKX

I-fWX f_ŽCD ÒYd.`-f.F QRCHPOF `*fzd.C'ghõ SZl9õ VkO`ZS-F0q0l©QCXHX f_ŽCD0X‚ÑECDÏbd.`-f.FQC‚POF `*fzd.C^ghõ SZlõ Vkn`Kq0l’QRCX]Xf_ŽCD0X‚ÐYCD~–

d.`-f.F‚QRC2X·D%F0`KNcXHV`-fOdiQCXp’Ós`*fiF]VCIKC_FoTnNRCF]`-TMSYGu„GHC'CTOF0CPONXoD%F0\Qc{SZXX`KVNSD%NR`-TMIZCHD%F `KNX…\DoS_D0X·õ SZl9õ VkO`†CD

õ VkO`KS*F"S-VD%NLnSUT*D’Ñ‚TnCf.F `*TOCXIKCÂX`KF4DoNCgtÞNPKf.F0C~–qp

B"CXV`-fOd.QRCX ghõ VkO`'lõ Vkn[%S-F0q0lsghõ«VkO`Oliõ VkO[%qÜX;`*T*DQRC2XD%F ST.XN”D%NR`-T.Xve-f‡F0Cd.ªF0CT*DÛQRCdiSZXXSUPOC ‰HQc{jKkZdi`*LONPONRQSUTOVCZp

B"SEV`-TO[tfmXNR`-TWCT*D%F0CYQCX~\DoS_D0X…õ VkO`MCD·õ VkO[%S*FHCX%DdiF0\XCT*D%C~d.`-f.F‚QRC2X~X f_ŽCD0XE–~CD‚Ð>p’BÛ{SKXX`KVNRS_D%NR`-TEõ Vkn`Ol

õ VkO[†CX%DsTO`D%\Cd.`-f.F"QRCXX f_ŽCD0X‚–_liЂCD’ÑHCD’SymXCT*D%CvVjOC¯QCX f_ŽCD’Ïp

Ós`*fiF QRC^V`-fOd.QRC'ghõ VkO[%S*Flõ«VkO[%q0l©Qc{SZXX;`ZVNRS_DoN`-TE\DoS*N”DNG]d.`KFtD%ST*D%CX f.F4Do`*fKDxd.`-f.FQC^Xf_ŽCDÒ‡`,)EQRS^GHS0Ž`KF0N”D%\HIKCX

\D%S_D XvIKC]X;S‚y.SZXC‚X`-TUDX`KN”DI-f'õ VkO[X`KNDI-fõ«VkO[%S-F_p¬H\STKGH`ZNT.XliQRCXIKCfz|'\D%S_D0XÜd.CfOLOCT*D"„D%F CÂV`-TO[%`-TOI*f>XLKf

e-fm{NRQcX‚XC_F `-TUDxV`-T.XNRIZ\F0\X·V`*G‚GHCH\D%SDvIO{jKkKd.`-LONPONRQRSTOVCKp>Ó`-f.FxQS‚D%F0SUT.XN”D%NR`*T†ghõ VkO[0l©œ.`-Guq0lsQRS^V`-TO[tfmXNR`-T‡\DoS*N”D

TOCDcD%CHdi`*fiF QRC2XHX fŽCD0Xb–_l©Ï.lÐbCDÑspBÛ{SKXX`KVNRS_D%NR`-TECT*D%F C‡œ.`-G CD‚œKD%I’–HS'\D%\HCTOF0CPnNcX%DoF0\C^XCfiQCGHCT*Dd.`-f.FQC

X fŽCDxÏ.l’`,)ˆVCX·IZCfO|E\DoS_D0X\D%S-NCT*DIK`-GuNTOST*D0XpiB"S~VS*F4DoC^œ>w¸ºSX\diS*F0\l’XST.XSUf.VfOTOC‚V`*TO[tfmX;N`-T.lsQRC2X\D%SD0X

ghõ VkO[%S*Fl>œi`*GHq’CD"ghõ SKl>œKD%I’–qsd.`-f.FD%`-fmXQRC2XXf_ŽCD0XUp

‘CDcDoCaQRC_VD f.F0C°IZCX}VS*FtD%CX°œmw¸ S¨d.C_FoGuNcX}IKCaIK\PnSUPOC_FJQRC2X‹SZXX`KVNSD%NR`-TzX˜d.`OXXNy.QRCX“CT*D%F0C}TONLOC_SUfO|IZC

LONPONQRSUTnVCKp‘CF4D%S-NTOCX†X;`*T*D~QR`*PONRe-f.CXLO`KNF CbGu„GHCES_DcD%CTOI-f.C2Xl\DoST*D^IK`-TKTO\Ee*fiCEQCXÔTnNLOCSfO|ŒV`-fOd.QR\2XbX`-T*D

(7)

X fiFvQRS^IK\D%C_VDoN`-T‡IKC]QRS‚D%F0SUTzX;NDoN`-T‡\LnCNRQc€%X`-G]GHC_NRQclsC|.CG‚d.QRC õ VkO[0l©œ.`-G¢CDxœZD%I’–*pi‘Cd.CTnIKSUTUDQRCXvSKXX`KVNRS_D%NR`-T.X

õ VkO`OlKõ VkO[%S*FtD’CDsõ VkO["X`-TUD’VF N”D%NRe*fiC2X©d.`-f.F’fzTnCxIK\D%CVD%NR`-Tu[%NRSUy.QRCvIKCvQc{jKkKd.`-LONPONRQRSTOVCKp

B"CXbX f.F0VjOS-F%POC2XYIO{\D%S_D0XYSf}TONLnCSfŒIO{fOT“GH„GHCbTOCfiF0`-TOCMghfOT“TOCfiF0`-TOCbd.CfKDH„DoF0Cb\D%NRe-f.CD%\Yd.QfmXNRCfiFX[%`KNcXq

d.CfOLOCTUD‚X{C|Od.QRNRe-f.C_F·d.S-F]QRCF0CV`-fOLOF0CGuCTUD·IKC2X‚IKNcX%D%F NyzfZD%NR`-TzX‚IKCX‚C|iCG‚d.QRC2Xl’fOTOC…GuSUfOLOS*NcXC'X;\d.S-F0SD%NR`*Tbd.S-F

QRS VS-F4D%C·œmw¸JlKfOTHIK\2X;\_e-f.NRQRNy.F0CxIZCXF0\d.S*FtD%N”D%NR`-TzXIKCXVQRSZXXCXIO{\D%S_D0X`-fHfOTOCX fOy_ŽCVD%NLnN”D%\xIKCvQc{C|Od.CF4Dp

B"CX·QNGHN”D%C2X·IKCHQc{C|KD%F0S-VD%NR`*TYd.S*FQRSbœmw¸ d.CfOLOCT*D„D%F0C‚I-f.CX‰^QRSHTO`-T‡F0Cd.F0\XCT*D%S_D%NLON”D%\‚IZCXCT*D%F0\C2XÂfZD%NRQRNX;\_CX

ghd.S-F0SUGuªD%F0CX^Xd.C_VDoF0Sfz|ml©TO`ZFoGuS-QRNX;S_D%NR`-Tnq0l‰bQc{NTONDoNS-QRNX;S_D%NR`-TMS*QR\S_D%`KNRF0CXHIKCX‚d.`KNRIOX‚IZC~QRNS-NcX`-TzX‚CT*D%F0\CX€%X`KF4D%NRCX

•RÏO—’`-f^Sf^VjO`KN|HTO`*THS*IKSUdZD%\vIKCxQSxD%`-d.`ZQR`-PONRCvIKCvQRS VS-F4D%CKp

œiCf.QQRC‡X f_ŽCD‡–…d.F0\XCTUDoC^Qc{CTzX;CG‚y.QRC^IKC2X·TONLOC_SUfO|MIKCHLONPONQRSUTnVC~\_e-f.NRQRNy.F0\~CTbTO`-G]y.F CZpsB"CX f_ŽCD ÐYdiF0\XCT*D%C

D%`-fmX«QCXxTONLOC_SUfO|†SLOCV‚fOTOC diF0\IZ`-GHNTnSUTnVC«TnCDcD%C·IZC·QS‚õ VkO`KS*Fp.‘jOC¯]QRCXD%F0`KNcXxSfZD%F C2Xx`-T'V`-T.X%D%SD%C Qc{SUymXCTnVC

IO{fOTb`*fbd.QfmXNRCf.FX«TONLnCSfz|p>BÛ{SUTOS*Qk.XC‚LnNcX fiC_QRQRCHIKCHQS…LONPONRQRSTOVC·d.S*FxQ{C|OdiC_FtDvXC‚[%S*N”DjOSy.N”DtfiC_QRQRCGHCTUDxX f.FvIKCX

d.\F0NR`KIKC2XYIKCMÐOâ“XCV`-TOIZCXævIKSUTzX'Tn`D%F C†\Dtf.IKCbC_QRQRC†S¥d.`KF4D%\EX f.F~IKC2X~di\_F N`KIKCXIKC–Ï}XC_V`-TOIKC2XUp"å VjOS*e-f.C

d.\F0NR`KIKC“SŒ\D%\“S*[%[%CVD%\JfzTaTONLnCSf£IKCJLONPnNRQRSTOVCKpB"S‹d.F0\XCTnVCJIO{fOTOC¦LOS*F NSD%NR`-TaI*f°TONLOCSfšIZC¦LONPONQRSUTnVC

IK\d.SZXX;ST*D^e-f.SD%F0CMX;C_V`-TOIKC2XYSJ\D%\bdiF0NcXCECT}V`*T.XNRIK\F0S_DoN`-Tpv‘Cd.CTOIKST*D0lxVC_FtD%S*NTOCX[%Qf.VDtf.SD%NR`*T.XIKCbV`-f.F4D%C

I-f.F \_CxIZCxQRSLONPONRQRSTOVCÂgtIKCGu`KNT.XIZCxÑ^XC_V`-TOIKC2X;qdiCfOLOCT*D’\_VjOSdzd.C_F©‰ Q= NRQ.IKCvQc{C|Od.CF4Dp

^<>7"@-À4?©Á_At<>7M¿-8v¿K:*Á "¿K@-8;A¿KÁ

xTOCHGH\Djn`KIKC^V`-TKTOC|iN`-TKTONcX%D%C^‰YSdOd.F CT*D%NcXXSUPOCHTO`-T¥X fzd.C_FoLONX;\^S\Do\‚fZD%NRQRNX;\_C‚d.`-f.FIK\PnSUPOC_FQRC2X«d.S-F0SGHªD%F0CX

\QRC_VD%F `O€tCTOV\dOjOS*QR`-PnF SdOjONRe-f.CX VS*F0S-VD%\F0NcXST*DšQRS y.S-NXXCIKCQS LONPONQRSUTnVCKp‡¬H`D%F CSdOdiF0`KVjOCV`*T.XNcX%DoC‰

C|Od.QR`KN”D%C_FxQRC d.`-fOLO`KNRFvIKCHX\diS*F0SD%NR`-T'TO`-T‡QNTO\S*NRF0C‚IKC2XVS-F4D%CXSUfZD%`O€t`KF%POSTONcXS_DoF0NRVC2X«IZC‚¶ `-jO`-TnCTpiƒ%Q[%SUfZDTO`D%CF

e-f.Cbd.CfŒIn{NTO[%`KF%GHS_DoN`-T.XbX f.FQRC2XÔLOS*F0NRS_DoN`-T.XYI*faXNPKTOS*Q r"r©Ÿ d.CTOIKST*D^QRCXdi\_F N`KIKCX‡IO{jKkKd.`-LONPONRQRSTOVCMX`-T*D

IKNcX d.`-TONy.QRC2Xp"‘C_VNC|Od.QRNRe-f.CQRC'VjO`KN|WIKCVCuDkZdiC'IO{S-QPn`KF NDjZGHC^‰YSdOd.F CT*D%NcXX;SPOCHTO`-T¥XfOd.CF%LONcX\^IKST.X·TO`D%F0C

SUdOd.QRNRVS_D%NR`-Tp‡B"CX°VS*F4DoC2X°SfKD%`O€t`ZFoPOSTONcXS_D%F NVCX°IKC£¶ `-jO`*TOCT›`-T*D‹d.C_FoGuNcX°IKCšIZ`-TKTOC_F‹fOTOC°LONXf.S*QRNcXS_DoN`-T

D%`-d.`-POF0SUdOjONRe*fiCŒI*f™X d.CVD%F CŒI*f™XNPKTOS*Q‡r"r"Ÿ CTnF CPONcX%D%F \ŒSf Gu`-GHCT*D¦IKCQRSŒdzjnSKXC}IZCJD%F ST.XN”D%NR`-T¨\LOC_NRQc€

X`-G‚GuCNRQ%pB"CX‡F \2X fiQDoS_D0XYIK\POSPO\X‡`-T*DHdiC_FoGuNcXYIZC‡DoF0`-fOLOC_F~IKC2XSKXX`KVNRS_D%NR`-T.XIKC‡LO`KNcXNTOSPOC‡di`nXXNy.QRC2XCT*D%F0C

IKNR[%[%\_F CT*D0X…TONLOC_SUfO|“IZCÔLnNPONRQRSTOVCZps¬H`-fmXHSULn`-T.XHF \f>XXN‰bSLO`KNF‚IKC2X…F0\X f.Q”D%SD0XHV`-G‚d.S*F Sy.QRCXH‰bVCfO|ED%F0`-fOLO\X

IKST.X•RÑO—’CTuF \_I-f.NcXSUT*D’QCTO`*G‚y.F CvIKCvIK\F0NLnSD%NR`-TzXIO{r©r"ŸŒIKCvÏ.₉fzTnCXCf.QRCZp

BÛ{C|OdiQ`KN”D%SD%NR`*T}IZCEVCXÔGu`KIKª_QRCX‡V`-TKTOC|.NR`-TKTONXoD%C2XÔTO`-fmX‡S¦d.CF%GHNcX‡IO{S-F0F NLOCF‰MfzT“TONLOCSfŒIKC‡d.CF0[%`KFoGuSUTnVC

V`-G‚d.S*F Sy.QRC^‰YVC_Qf.N"IKCXvDoF0SLOSUfO|ˆQRCXd.QfmX·F0\VCTUD X I-fEIZ`-GHS*NTOC‡•RÑO—p¦ƒ%Q"[%SfZDxSf>XXN’TO`D%CFÂe-f.CHQc{NT*D%CF%LOCTUDoN`-T

IKC^Qc{C|Od.CF4D\D%S-ND[%`-TOIKSGHCT*D%S-QRC^IKST.X·TO`2DoF0C^IK\GuS-F0VjOCKpr’TEC[%[%CD0lfOTOCHC|OdiC_FtD%NcXCHS~d.C_FoGuNcX·IKCHIZNR[%[%\F0CTOVNCF Ò

\D%S_D X£IKC LONPnNRQRSTOVC TO`-T S*FtD%C[%S*VD%\X£CD§Ð\D%SD0XšS-F4D%C[%S*VD%\XpbBÛ{`KF NPONTOS*QRN”D%\ IZCôTO`D%F0C SdOdiF0`KVjOC¡F Cd.`OXC

CXXCT*D%NRC_QRQRCGHCTUD~IO{fOTOCbd.S-F4DX f.FQc{C|zd.QR`ZN”D%SD%NR`*T“IfOTJGH`ZIKªQRC‡TOCf.F0`-TOS*QS*FtD%NR[%NRVNCQ‰MS-F0VjON”D%C_VDf.F0CYGuNTONGuS-QRC2l

e-f.N¦d.`OXCT*DŒQRC£GHNTnNG‚fOG IZC V`-G]diQNRVS_DoN`-T d.`-f.FžfOTOC¡\LOCT*Dtf.CQRQRC¡NG‚d.QR\GHCT*D%SD%NR`-TX f.FŒIKCXšX fOdOd.`KFtD0X

GHS_D%\F0NRCQcXlsCDIO{SUfZD%F C d.S-F4DvXf.FvQc{C|ZD%F S*VD%NR`-Tzls‰…d.S*FtD%NRFIn{fOTÔXCf.Q’XNPZTOS-Qr"r"Ÿ‚l>IKC2XxNTO[%`KF%GHS_D%NR`-T.XÂXf.[%[%NcXSG‚GuCT*D

d.CF4DoNTOCT*D%C2Xˆd.`-f.F‡VS-F0S*VDo\_F NX;C_F‡QRCXb\DoS_D0XbIKCELONPONQRSUTnVCKpxBÛ{NG]diQ\GHCT*D%SD%NR`*TŒIKCMVCXbS*QPO`KF0N”DtjKGuCXl·SLOCVMfzTnC

XCf.QRCvIK\F0NLOS_D%NR`-THr"r"Ÿ]lnd.CF%GHCD’IO{CTKLnNcXSUPnCF’fOTOCxIZ\D%CVD%NR`-T«D%CG‚dmXF0\C_QiCTuSUG]yOfiQSD%`KNRF0C]•cÒn—p

¾ ¾K:*¿K7"@K¿KÁ

™ “L¿† ‚‚‚z$}s„K¿x(ƒhŠœ|*ººƒ#‚=”5|*}sºz=ƒa~=‡5z#~€ˆ5|*‚|*¡‚‹*Œ5ƒ*›G}s|Œy{5‚ƒ$ŠG„*ŒŠœ|*ººƒ#‚=ƒa~.„ƒ’»‘–¯5ƒ#‚R¿$ž.z$}s€Š–<™šš*¬K¿

# ›4¿$Ê;|*ˆ5|*”5ƒ#”.¿*›(ˆ5ƒŠsƒ#[¼•°¾|*}s¡z”5’Šœ‚”8¡ºz‡Ÿ¿*ªR”3±;ƒaŒ5}sz$K”8ƒ~|*}eŠ¿ #*‡5z$¡)ƒ$Š ,¬5°Tš¥˜8<™#š)š#=¿

!! x¿.†|Œ8¡)}sz$‚”Nz”5„0ŽG¿Ì«‚ƒ#§)z$”5„)}sƒ*¿#"h”=ŠRŒ)‡8ƒ#}€¯5€Šsƒ„I|*”8”5ƒ#~’‚|*”5€ŠR~…z‚¡|*}s[~€ˆ5ºŠ¼T|*}#[ŒeŠ•~’ƒ}s ”5¡-z$”rƒ#”*¯5‚}s|*”5ºƒ#”)~€z$

„)z#~€z;Šsƒ~$*z#|*º‡5z$}s€Šœ|*”Ÿ¿%&('!)*()!+,'-/.10(2̍<™#°"!&2#

*

%.™™+,5°W™

*

š)Ì™šš)š5¿

¬ =¿x¿43²|Œ~TŠs‚”5‚ƒ#ºz$”5„ =¿Ê;z*Š5’z$”5„2›4¿«¿4x(z$}–Šœƒ#”.¿ ƒ#[¼•°¾|*}s¡z”8/5‚”8¡Lº½z#‡2‚”2}sƒ#|*¡”5[~€ |*”|¼~’|‡5|*¡}sz‡8ˆ5‚

‡5z#~‚~€ƒ#}s”=ŠG|¼Ÿ¤G¤BÇ2Š•‡8ƒ#~’}sz)¿7689!09*(-./):0;)!0&<;./):+&>=8.*(9?8@0>2#.A0B(C.10(2̍)¬&##Ÿ™a˜)­&#5°W™˜­

*

<™#šš)—5¿

—! Ê¿†ƒ#”Ê;ˆ5z [¼Tz)¿“L¿D¿#†‘#„|Œ5R¿#x¿#†|Œ5¡}sz$‚”.¿#©¿©Bza‰)#ˆ5ƒ–¯.¿#“L¿#À;|*¡¥Œ8R¿#ŽG¿y«‚ƒ#§)z$”5„)}sƒ*¿$«”5z‰5Šsƒ4ƒa~=#‚zyŠ²Šs[¼T‚#z~’‚|*”

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to