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Solvability by Radicals from an Algorithmic Point of View

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HAL Id: inria-00072522

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072522

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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Solvability by Radicals from an Algorithmic Point of View

Guillaume Hanrot, François Morain

To cite this version:

Guillaume Hanrot, François Morain. Solvability by Radicals from an Algorithmic Point of View.

[Research Report] RR-4109, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072522�

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ISRN INRIA/RR--4109--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 2

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Solvability by radicals from an algorithmic point of view

G. Hanrot — F. Morain

N° 4109

19th January 2001

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Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine

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