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How dieting might make some fatter: modeling weight cycling toward obesity from a perspective of body composition autoregulation

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Supplementary Table S1: Body fat (FAT) in kg and Fat-free mass (FFM) in kg in the Minnesota Experiment

C12: at of Control (baseline) period S12: at week 12 of semistarvation S24: at week 24 of semistarvation R12: at week 12 of refeeding R20: at week 20 of refeeding NA : data not available

Subject no. FAT_C12 FAT_S12 FAT_S24 FAT_R12 FAT_R20 FFM_C12 FFM_S12 FFM_S24 FFM_R12 FFM_R20

122 4.2 0 0 0 NA 61.2 52.1 47.4 51.6 NA 123 6.7 2.3 2.0 2.8 12.1 58.0 53.5 50.1 51.4 56.8 119 11.2 6.2 1.9 5.5 14.7 55.1 48.3 47.2 47.7 57.3 120 14.1 8.8 3.4 5.1 NA 56.7 48.9 48.2 48.6 NA 129 6.1 1.3 2.0 4.9 12 59.5 54.8 50.2 52.4 57.9 130 13.8 8.8 9.4 7.5 NA 52.2 48.7 44.2 48.4 NA 126 17.5 8.4 5.6 6.1 NA 66.1 60.7 55.0 58.3 NA 127 5.6 2.9 2.3 3.7 12.8 58.6 49.6 47 49.4 54.2 22 9.5 3.5 3.0 6.1 NA 55.6 50.3 46.4 47.9 NA 23 12.1 5.2 3.4 6.4 12.5 57.1 50.6 48.0 49.8 56.9 19 9.0 2.7 2.0 4.2 NA 61.6 54.8 48.4 51.3 NA 20 6.7 3.6 0.6 4.1 NA 58 50.3 47.4 50.0 NA 29 8.6 5.1 6.2 6.7 NA 62.5 49.4 47.3 52.1 NA 30 8.3 6.5 3.5 7.6 NA 59.8 51.1 48.9 50.8 NA 26 6.6 0.5 1.5 4.0 13 64.7 57.6 51.6 56.2 63.6 27 11.4 2.5 1.0 3.8 NA 63.8 58.3 54.7 54.8 NA 4 4.5 1.4 0.0 5.7 10.7 57.5 49.0 47.4 52.0 55.7 5 19.4 9.5 5.1 8.1 NA 61.4 55.1 52.0 54.6 NA 1 10.8 3.6 2.7 5.5 NA 66.4 61.3 54.3 58.5 NA 2 12.5 7.7 2.7 7.1 15.8 61 52.4 53.2 55.1 58.8 11 11.3 6.1 2.3 6.6 NA 55.1 48.3 47.3 51.1 NA 12 11.4 4.8 4.0 5.8 NA 69.6 63.9 59.2 61.6 NA 8 5.4 0 0 4.4 NA 59.2 53.9 47.5 53.5 NA 9 8.2 0.6 2.4 5.5 NA 64.7 59.8 55.7 58.7 NA 104 5.0 4.2 2.4 6.4 14 63.1 52.4 49.2 54.7 62.0 105 7.3 3.9 0.7 7.9 NA 61.4 52.6 51.1 53.1 NA 101 11.6 4.0 3.7 11.5 15.1 52.9 49.6 46.0 46.5 51.8 102 13.6 7.4 3.6 11.2 NA 54.3 48.9 48.3 51.0 NA 111 9.0 2.9 3.0 9.9 NA 54 49.2 46.1 50.2 NA 112 6.1 2.8 3.2 9.0 10.4 55.6 47.7 45.8 50.1 54.3 108 6.9 3.8 2.0 6.3 NA 60 53.6 52.1 53.9 NA 109 20.6 15.2 11.9 15.3 21.7 58.7 50.2 47.6 50.3 56.0

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Supplementary Table S2: Body fat (FAT) in kg and Fat-free mass (FFM) in kg, after corrections for excess hydration and relative bone mass

C12: at of Control (baseline) period S12: at week 12 of semistarvation S24: at week 24 of semistarvation R12: at week 12 of refeeding R20: at week 20 of refeeding NA : data not available

Subject no. FAT_C12 FAT_S12 FAT_S24 FAT_R12 FAT_R20 FFM_C12 FFM_S12 FFM_S24 FFM_R12 FFM_R20

122 4.1 0 0 0 NA 61.2 52.1 41.8 47.4 NA 123 6.6 2.3 1.8 2.6 11.9 58.0 53.5 44.2 47.2 56.7 119 11.0 6.2 1.7 5.1 14.4 55.1 48.3 41.7 43.8 57.2 120 13.8 8.8 3.1 4.7 NA 56.7 48.9 42.5 44.6 NA 129 6.0 1.3 1.8 4.6 11.8 59.5 54.8 44.3 48.1 57.8 130 13.5 8.8 8.6 7.0 NA 52.2 48.7 39.0 44.5 NA 126 17.1 8.4 5.1 5.7 NA 66.1 60.7 48.5 53.6 NA 127 5.5 2.9 2.1 3.4 12.5 58.6 49.6 41.5 45.4 54.1 22 9.3 3.5 2.7 5.7 NA 55.6 50.3 41.0 44.0 NA 23 11.9 5.2 3.1 6.0 12.3 57.1 50.6 42.4 45.7 56.8 19 8.8 2.7 1.8 3.9 NA 61.6 54.8 42.7 47.1 NA 20 6.6 3.6 0.5 3.8 NA 58.0 50.3 41.8 45.9 NA 29 8.4 5.1 5.6 6.2 NA 62.5 49.4 41.7 47.9 NA 30 8.1 6.5 3.2 7.1 NA 59.8 51.1 43.2 46.7 NA 26 6.5 0.5 1.4 3.7 12.7 64.7 57.6 45.5 51.6 63.4 27 11.2 2.5 0.9 3.5 NA 63.8 58.3 48.3 50.3 NA 4 4.4 1.4 0 5.3 10.5 57.5 49.0 41.8 47.8 55.6 5 19.0 9.5 4.6 7.5 NA 61.4 55.1 45.9 50.2 NA 1 10.6 3.6 2.5 5.1 NA 66.4 61.3 47.9 53.7 NA 2 12.3 7.7 2.5 6.6 15.5 61.0 52.4 47.0 50.6 58.7 11 11.1 6.1 2.1 6.1 NA 55.1 48.3 41.7 46.9 NA 12 11.2 4.8 3.6 5.4 NA 69.6 63.9 52.2 56.6 NA 8 5.3 0 0 4.1 NA 59.2 53.9 41.9 49.1 NA 9 8.0 0.6 2.2 5.1 NA 64.7 59.8 49.2 53.9 NA 104 4.9 4.2 2.2 6.0 13.7 63.1 52.4 43.4 50.2 61.9 105 7.2 3.9 0.6 7.3 NA 61.4 52.6 45.1 48.8 NA 101 11.4 4.0 3.4 10.7 14.8 52.9 49.6 40.6 42.7 51.7 102 13.3 7.4 3.3 10.4 NA 54.3 48.9 42.6 46.8 NA 111 8.8 2.9 2.7 9.2 NA 54.0 49.2 40.7 46.1 NA 112 6.0 2.8 2.9 8.4 10.2 55.6 47.7 40.4 46.0 54.2 108 6.8 3.8 1.8 5.9 NA 60.0 53.6 46.0 49.5 NA 109 20.2 15.2 10.8 14.2 21.3 58.7 50.2 42.0 46.2 55.9

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Supplementary

Table S3: US Army Rangers - Body composition data

Raw data for the US Army Rangers

FAT0

FAT1

FAT2

FFM0

FFM1

FFM2

Nindl et al. (1997) ref. 43

10.0

5.0

14.0

65.0

60.0

66.0

Friedl et al. (2000) ref. 44

9.5

5.3

13.7

64.4

60.2

65.5

Corrected data for the US Army Rangers (corrected for excess hydration & relative bone mass )

ID

FAT0

FAT1

FAT2

FFM0

FFM1

FFM2

Nindl et al. (1997) ref. 43

9.8

4.5

13.7

65.0

53.0

65.8

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Supplementary Table S4: The US Army Rangers FAT overshoot observations and .

predictions using equation [8] with the four methods (I, II, III, IV) and the GLM

a) Using Data Corrected for excess hydration and relative bone mass

%FAT

Δ Wss

FAT

Predicted FAT

(kg)

overshoot

(kg)

overshoot (kg)

43

13.1

17.3

I

3.9

3.2 [2.5, 3.9]

II

3.3

3.8 [2.6, 5.4]

III

3.5

3.6 [2.7, 4.5]

IV

3.6

3.7 [2.8, 4.6]

44

12.6

15.8

I

4.1

3.1 [2.4, 3.7]

II

3.5

3.6 [2.7, 5.1]

III

3.7

3.4 [2.7, 4.2]

IV

3.8

3.5 [2.7, 4.3]

b) Using raw data

%FAT

Δ Wss

FAT

Predicted

FAT

(kg)

overshoot

(kg)

overshoot (kg)

43

13.3

10

I

4.0

1.8

II

2.5

2.1

III

3.0

2.0

IV

3.6

2.1

44

12.9

8.4

I

4.2

1.6

II

2.5

1.9

III

3.1

1.8

IV

3.8

1.8

Ref.

Prediction

method

Ref

0

Prediction

method

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