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THE BEHAVIOR OF INTERNAL FRICTION IN
METALLIC GLASSES
Shi Zhan-Zhi, Wang Zi-Xiao
To cite this version:
JOURNAL D E PHYSIQUE
C o l l o q u e CIO, s u p p l é m e n t a u n 0 1 2 , Tome 46, décembre 1 9 8 5 p a g e CIO-469
THE BEHAVIOR OF INTERNAL FRICTION IN METALLIC GLASSES
SHI ZHAN-ZHI a n d WANG ZI-XIA0
D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s i c s , Wuhan U n i v e r s i t y , Wuhan, C h i n a
Abstract
-
The i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n (IF) behavior of m e t a l l i c glasses Fe75.1- i.ri3.01601.6Si6.5BI 3.8 anB (~e0.6i.~i0.4)82~i8B10 i s investigated. The r e s d t s suggest t h a t the a c t i v a t i o n mer@- of the i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n of these netal- l i c g l a s s e s i s d i s t r i b u t e d i n a cor.tiriuous spectrum vrhich i n t e r p r e t s the change ofIF
with v a r i a t i o n of frequenca- and the influences of pre-xmealing and deformation on IF.The i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n
(IF)
of s o l i d i s known t o be highly structure-sensitive both i n c r y s t a l l i n e metals and m e t a l l i c glasses. There have been some r e p o r t s /1-3/ on the studj; of 1071-frequency I F of m e t a l l i c glasses, but the nature and the micro- scopic nechanism has jxot been understood clearI.7. The present worlc a t t e q t s t o in- v e s t i g a t e the s p e c t r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of a c t i v a t i o n energies of I F i n the m e t a l l i c g l a s s e s Fe75.1Ni3.OMoI .6Si6.5B13.8 and ( ~ e 0 . 6 ~ i 0 . 4 ) 8 2 ~ i 8 ~ 1 0 so t o i n t e r p r e t the change of I F with the v a r i a t i o n of v i b r z t i o n a l frequency and influences of pre- aniiealing and deformation of the materials on IF. The experirnental procedure used i n t h i s study is similar t o t h a t i n/4/.
RESUZTS AND DISCUSSION
The temperature dependence of I F and v i b r a t i o n a l frequency a r e s h o w i n Fig. 1 (a) and (b). The phenomenologic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of I F i n them i s s i m i l a r to t h a t of mar- t e n s i t i c phase t r a s i t i o n i n p .shape memory a l l o y s /5/, i.e. the height of the IF. peak a s a l i n e a r function of T/f i s observed
(9
i s heating r a t e ) , the I F i s indepen-dent of v i b r a t i o n a l amplitude, and during continuous heating, i f the temperature i s kept constant
(T=o)
the IF decreases u n t i l a s t a b l e value i s approached.Since the morphous s t r u c t u r e of m e t a l l i c g l a s s possesses various topological and chemical s h o r t range order, and the s t r u c t u r e of as-quenched metallic g l a s s i s i n an unstable s t a t e , and w i l l relaxes gradually to a metastable state. Hence the modes
of the i n t e r n a l a c t i v a t i o n processes r e s u l t i n g i n s t r u c t u r a l r e l a x a t i o n and the change of mechanical p r o p e r t i e s a r e of various kinds. It i s sho~m from the r e s u l t s of il? that the i n t e r n a l processes inducing
IF
a r e not unique. f t i s assuned t h a t i n s t r u c t u r a l r e l a x a t i o n stage, the relaxation times ofIF
show a broad d i s t r i b u t i o n t o which every available process obeys Axrhenius r e l a t i o nJOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE
Fig. 1
-
Temperature dependences of the interilal f r i c t i o n and vibrational fre- uency of metallic glasses, (a) Z'e75.li~i3.0~:ioI .6Si6.5B13.8 jAssume t h a t the pre-exponential f a c t o r 7. i s constanty the activation energies of these processes must have a distriaution i n a continuous spectrum n ( ~ ) ~ n ( ~ ) d & i s defined a s a number densi% of processes available f o r
IF
having activation energies betiveenE
and E+a.
Various authors have Pnvestigated the relaxation time spectrum of Il? i n metallic glasses /3,6-8/. Sorne of them /6>7/ have suggested a Gauss àis- t r i b u t i o n i nLn
z t o i n t e r p r e t t h e i r IF results, but it rias not i n agceement with the experimental data above room temperature. Eence the exact flmction of n ( ~ ) have y e t t o be worked out. But i t may be assumcd t h a t the shape of n ( ~ ) i s shown appro- ximately i n Eg. 2 rrrhich i s similar t o t h a t suggested by Gibbs et. al. /8/ and i s dependent of thermal and mechanicap history of the materials.Fig. 2 -The scl~ematic representation of the d i s t r i b u t i o n of activation energy of metallic glass.
Korito and Xgami /3/ who ascumed t h a t on c e r t a i n measuring temperature Tm there i s ...
only one process being available f o r IF. The activation energy i s determined by --
the formula
E =
-
KTm I n U Z .m (2)
It suggests t h a t the value of I F a t t h i s temperature i s just the height of the Debye peak due t o t h i s process. ;le assume that a l 1 processes with a c t i v a t i o n energies
bebreen E and E2 may contribute t o
IF
a t Tm. The contribution of the other pro- 1cesses a r e small enough t o be neglected ( f o r e x q l e l e s s than l'jj of i t s Ilebye peak value). The
IF
contributed by the processes with activation energies between E and E +dE may be written aswhere
V
i s colistant C n ( ~ ) d L i s the relaxation strength of t h i s process, i.e. t h e more the nwnber n(l3Sd~ of t h i s kind of process, the g r e a t e r i s the contribution t o IF. 5 , and müy be w r i t t e n respectively a s ~ ( 1 - A ) and %(I+A). If f = 0.5 sB1,'ta= 1.6 10-'~s and the processes, of whioh the contribution a r e l e s s than 1$ of t h e i r peak value, a r e not considered, then A = 0.23. Hence the t o t a l I F a t Tm i s
w z.exp (L/I:T,) ,-1
c
n(E) dL. (4)1
+
w2e:exp ( ~ c / K T ~ )The meaning of equ.
(4)
ma,y be expressed roughly by Ipig. 3. The p o s i t i o n of a s i n g l e Debye peak i s T. determined by the value of LiT. =
-E.
/
IC ln U T O (5)and t h e h e i s h t of Debye peak i s determined by the magnitude of n ( ~ ~ ) .
- .. ., T'C
Fig. 3
-
theIF
a t Tm i s contributed Fig.4
-
The frequency dependence of IF by the processes with a c t i v a t i o n of amorphous FeTTiIJoSiB. Curve a: t h eencra
between Em(l-a) %(,+A). frequency i n room temperature i s f = 0.2 Hz; curve b: f = 0.53 Hz.I f t h e frequency of t h e t o r s i o n pendulum i s increased, the peak temperatures of a l 1 Debye peaks a r e a l s o increased according t c equ. (5). Since t h e cwve of n($) i s monotonously r i s i n g a t low E (Fia. 2 ) , the r e s u l t a n t IF curve s h i f t s t o higher temperature with measuring frequency. Thus, a t a given temperature Tm, the l a r g e r the w
,
the smaller the Lq is. Otherwise t h e temperature Tr, a t which IF s t a r t s t o increase, increases with increasing cd.
These r e l a t i o n a r e sho~m i n Fig.4.
I f the specimen i s pre-annealed, some i n t e r n a 1 modes riith low a c t i v a t i o n energies vanish because of s t r u c t u r a l relaxation. Thus the function n ( ~ ) descends i n t h e region o f smaller P, accordingly the value of IF a t low temperature decreases and TT s h i f t s to a higher temperature. The e f f e c t s of pre-annealing a r e shown i n Fig.
5.
The e f f e c t s of cold-rolling i s contrary t o t h a t of annealing. The cold-rolling may c r e a t e processes having a snialler a c t i v a t i o n energy, whereas the annealing
rnw
remove such processes. Hence the valueof
IF a t low temperature increases and Tr s h i f t s t o a lower temperature ( ~ i g . 6).JOURNAL
DE
PHYSIQUEFig.
5
-
The i n f l u e n c e s of pre- Fig. 6-
The i n f l u e n c e s of cold-rolling annealing of anorphous FeiNiBIoSiB of morphous FeKibbSiB on IF, curve a: on Ii-, curve a: as-quenched s t a t e ; as-quenched s t a t e ; curve b: cola- curve b: pre-anneale& a t 400 %. r o l l i n g s t a t e .1/ Soshiroda T., Koiwa
K.
and Iilaswnoto T., J. Xon-Cryst. Solids, (1976) 173. 2/ %agi S. and Lord Sr. A.C., J. ITon-Cryst. Solids, 30 (1979) 273.3/ Biorito B. and Cgami T., Acta Xetall.
