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HAL Id: jpa-00227944

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00227944

Submitted on 1 Jan 1988

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ION IMPLANTED InP MISFET’s WITH LOW DRAIN CURRENT DRIFT

G. Post, P. Dimitriou, A. Falcou, N. Duhamel, G. Mermant

To cite this version:

G. Post, P. Dimitriou, A. Falcou, N. Duhamel, G. Mermant. ION IMPLANTED InP MISFET’s WITH LOW DRAIN CURRENT DRIFT. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1988, 49 (C4), pp.C4-223-C4-226.

�10.1051/jphyscol:1988446�. �jpa-00227944�

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

C o l l o q u e C 4 , s u p p l g m e n t au n 0 9 , T o m e 4 9 , s e p t e m b r e 1 9 8 8

ION IMPLANTED InP MISFET's WITH LOW DRAIN CURRENT DRIFT

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Des t r a n s i s t o r s 6 e f f e t d e champ M . I . S . s u r p h o s p h u r e d ' i n d i u m s e m i - i s o l a n t o n t i t 6 6 l a b o r C s . L e s c o n t a c t s e t l e c a n a l s o n t dopCs p a r i m p l a n t a t i o n d e s i l i c i u m . Le d i h l e c t r i q u e d e g r i l l e e s t S i 0 2 dCpos6 p a r a c t i v a t i o n u l t r a v i o l e t t e . Les d i s p o s i t i f s 1 d C s e r t i o n 5 c a n a l d e 2 m i c r o n s o n t u n e d C r i v e d u c o u r a n t d e s a t u r a t i o n i n f b r i e u r e 5 1 0 p . c e n t e n 2 4 h e u r e s . 1 1 s s o n t c o m p a t i b l e s a v e c u n e t e c h n o l o g i e d e l a s e r s p o u r l S i n t C g r a t i o n o p t o - C l e c t r o n i q u e .

A b s t r a c t

M I S f i e l d e f f e c t t r a n s i s t o r s o n s e m i - i n s u l a t i n g i n d i u m p h o s p h i d e h a v e b e e n f a b r i c a t e d . The c o n t a c t s a n d t h e c h a n n e l a r e d o p e d b y s i l i c o n i m p l a n t a t i o n . The g a t e d i e l e c t r i c i s S i O 2 d e p o s i t e d u n d e r UV a c t i v a t i o n . D e p l e t i o n - m o d e d e v i c e s w i t h a 2 - m i c r o n c h a n n e l l e n g t h h a v e a s a t u r a t i o n c u r r e n t d r i f t l e s s t h a n 1 0 p e r c e n t i n 2 4 h o u r s . They a r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h a l a s e r t e c h n o l o g y f o r i n t e g r a t e d o p t o - e l e c t r o n i c s .

1. I n t r o d u c t i o n

S e m i - i n s u l a t i n g i n d i u m p h o s p h i d e i s t h e s u b s t r a t e m a t e r i a l o f c h o i c e f o r i n t e g r a t e d O p t o - e l e c t r o n i c e m i t t e r s a n d r e c e i v e r s ( [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] ) . M I S a n d M I S - l i k e f i e l d e f f e c t t r a n s i s t o r s c a n be made b y i o n i m p l a n t a t i o n ( [ 3 1 , [ 4 ] ) , b y e p i t a x y o f n - t y p e I n P ( [ 5 1

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[ 7 1 ) , o r o n t h e t e r n a r y a r s e n i d e s l a t t i c e m a t c h e d t o I n P ( [ 8 1

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[ l o ] ) . T h e i m p l a n t a t i o n t e c h n o l o g y i s a p p e a l i n g f o r i n t e g r a t i o n p u r p o s e s , d u e t o i t s s i m p l i c i t y a n d t h e p l a n a r d e v i c e g e o m e t r y . H o w e v e r , t h e d r i f t i n s t a b i l i t y o f i m p l a n t e d I n P M I s F E T ' s h a s t o be o v e r c o m e i f t h e y a r e t o compete a g a i n s t t h e I n P J F E T ' s [ I l l . t h e s t a b l e G a I n A s M I S F E T ' s ( [ 1 2 1 ) . o r t h e A l I n A s / G a I n A s H F E T ' s ( [ I 3 1

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[ 1 6 1 ) .

We s t u d i e d a M I S s y s t e m p r e p a r e d by UV-enhanced CVD o f s i l i c o n d i o x i d e a t l o w t e m p e r a t u r e ( [ 1 7 1 ) a n d a c h i e v e d a t o l e r a b l y s m a l l a m o u n t o f d r i f t o n 2 - m i c r o n d e v i c e s . Even i f t h e a b s e n c e o f g a t e / c o n t a c t s e l f - a l i g n m e n t i s a p e r f o r m a n c e d r a w b a c k , t h o s e t r a n s i s t o r s may be u s e f u l i n a l a s e r d r i v e r a p p l i c a t i o n .

2. D e v i c e F a b r i c a t i o n

A t w o - s t e p i m p l a n t a t i o n p r o c e s s i s u s e d t o p r e p a r e t h e n + c o n t a c t and t h e d e p l e t i o n - m o d e c h a n n e l O f t h e d e v i c e s . The c h a n n e l i m p l a n t a t i o n c o n s i s t s o f 1012 s i l i c o n a t o m s / cm2 a t 1 0 0 keV. A p h o t o r e s i s t mask p r o t e c t s t h e s u b s t r a t e o u t s i d e t h e c h a n n e l r e g i o n s . I n O r d e r t o k e e p t h e FETs e n t i r e l y p l a n a r . t h e c o n t a c t i m p l a n t a t i o n i s s e l e c t i v e , t o o . A 3 0 0 t o 400 nm l a y e r o f p l a s m a - d e p o s i t e d p h o s p h o r o u s - d o p e d s i l i c o n d i o x i d e i s u s e d a s t h e i m p l a n t a t i o n mask f o r t h e h i g h S i d o s e O f 1 0 1 4 a t . / c m 2 . W e l l - d e f i n e d c h a n n e l m a s k s o f 1 pm h a v e been p r e p a r e d by r e a c t i v e i o n e t c h i n g Of t h e PSG m a t e r i a l . The l o w - f r e q u e n c y p l a s m a PSG d e p o s i t i o n h a s b e e n a d a p t e d

80

t h a t t h e damaged l a y e r o n t h e f r a g i l e I n P s u r f a c e d o e s n o t e x c e e d 50 nm.

The i m p l a n t a t i o n a n n e a l i n g h a s b e e n c a r r i e d o u t a t 750 OC, a f t e r t h e s t r i p p i n g o f t h e c o n t a c t mask and t h e d e p o s i t i o n o f a n o t h e r 200 nm PSG c a p p i n g l a y e r . F o l l o w i n g t h e r e m o v a l o f t h e a n n e a l i n g c a p and t h e d e g r a d e d I n P s u r f a c e l a y e r , Au/Ge o h m i c c o n t a c t s h a v e b e e n e v a p o r a t e d a n d a l l o y e d a t 4 1 0 OC. The c h a n n e l s c o u l d t h e n b e e t c h e d c h e m i c a l l y t o b r i n g t h e s a t u r e d c u r r e n t down t o a t y p i c a l v a l u e o f 100 mA/mm, w h i c h h a s b e e n f o u n d t o y i e l d a FET t h r e s h o l d o f -2 V o n g o o d s u b s t r a t e s w i t h l o w Fe b a c k g r o u n d .

The g a t e i n s u l a t o r S i 0 2 h a s b e e n d e p o s i t e d a t 1 8 0 OC f r o m t h e U V - a c t i v a t e d r e a c t i o n o f s i l a n e a n d n i t r o u s o x i d e , u s i n g t r a c e s o f Hg v a p o u r a s a c a t a l y s e r . The k i n e t i c s o f t h i s p r o c e s s i s C r i t i c a l l y d e p e n d e n t o n t h e i n c i d e n t UV l i g h t i n t e n s i t y and t h e m e r c u r y c o n c e n t r a t i o n . The l a c k o f C o n t r o l and t h e a b s e n c e o f I n - s i t u t h i c k n e s s m o n i t o r i n g i n o u r r e s e a r c h - t y p e r e a c t o r r e s u l t e d i n f i l m s s c a t t e r i n g i n a 2 0 nm i n t e r v a l a b o u t t h e i n t e n d e d t h i c k n e s s o f 70 nm.

T i t a n i u m - g o l d g a t e s h a v e b e e n e l e c t r o n - b e a m e v a p o r a t e d and d e l i n e a t e d u s i n g a l i f t - o f f mask.

F i n a l l y , t h e d e v i c e s h a v e b e e n p a s s i v a t e d u n d e r a d o u b l e l a y e r o f U V - d e p o s i t e d s i l i c o n n i t r i d e a n d S i l i c o n d i o x i d e , a n d T i - A u c o n t a c t p a d s h a v e b e e n a d d e d .

3. P r o p e r t i e s o f M I S D i o d e s

C o n t r o l s a m p l e s o f u n i n t e n t i o n a l l y n - d o p e d I n P h a v e b e e n u s e d t o p r e p a r e M I S d i o d e s a l o n g W i t h e a c h t r a n s i s t o r p r o c e s s . A n n e a l i n g o f t h e d i o d e s t r u c t u r e s b e t w e e n 2 0 0 a n d 2 5 0 OC h a s b e e n s u c c e s s f u l i n c u r i n g m o s t o f t h e e v a p o r a t i o n - r e l a t e d damage a n d i n i m p r o v i n g t h e d i e 1 e c t r i c s t r e n g t h o f t h e S i 0 2 . We o b t a i n e d an i n s u l a t o r r e s i s t i v i t y o f 1 0 1 4 Ohm cm, a b r e a k d o w n e l e c t r i c f i e l d o f 5 MV/cm and an a c c u m u l a t i o n c a v a c i t a n c e d i s p e r s i o n b e l o w 3 % i n t h e r a n g e f r o m 100 Hz t o

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1988446

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

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F i g . 1: 1 MHz C-V c u r v e o f UVCVD s i l i c o n d i o x i d e / I n P MIS s y s t e m 100 kHz ( F i g . 2 ) . The d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t i s r a t h e r h i g h ( 5 t o 5 . 5 1 , s i n c e t h e w a t e r and SiOH c o n t e n t s o f t h e UVCVD l a y e r s a r e 7 atoms %, as e s t i m a t e d from t h e i n f r a r e d a b s o r p t i o n S p e c t r a . R u t h e r f o r d b a c k s c a t t e r i n g a n a l y s i s o f t h e t r a c e amount o f Hg i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e S i l i c o n d i o x i d e gave a v a l u e b e l o w t h e d e t e c t i o n l i m i t ( s e v e r a l 1016 atoms/cm3 f o r t h i c k c o n t r o l l a y e r s on g r a p h i t e ) . An e l e c t r o n - i n j e c t i o n t y p e h y s t e r e s i s o f 0 . 5 V ( F i g . 1 ) i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e s e MIS systems, f o r C-V.cycle!s s t r e s s i n g t h e s t r u c t u r e up t o 1 MV/cm a t a 0.25 V/cm sweep r a t e .

4 . T r a n s i s t o r C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

Three v a r i e t i e s o f MISFET's have been s t u d i e d on s u b s t r a t e s w i t h a l o w Fe d o p i n g l e v e l ( <

1016 cm-3): Enhancement-mode d e v i c e s w i t h 5 - m i c r o n g a t e s o v e r 1 and 2 - m i c r o n c h a n n e l s , d e p l e t i o n - m o d e t r a n s i s t o r s w i t h 2 - m i c r o n c h a n n e l s and 2 . . . 3 m i c r o n g a t e l e n g t h . NO s e l f - a l i g n m e n t between t h e c h a n n e l and t h e g a t e has been t r i e d : o u r MIS systems do n o t w i t h s t a n d t h e i m p l a n t a t i o n a n n e a l i n g t r e a t m e n t as do some GaInAs MIS systems ( [ 6 1 ) .

The 2-micron enhancement and d e p l e t i o n mode d e v i c e s have t h r e s h o l d v o l t a g e s O f 0 V and -2 V , r e s p e c t i v e l y ( F i g . 3 ) , and t r a n s c o n d u c t a n c e s f r o m 70 t o 110 mS/mm a t 100 mA/mm s a t u r a t e d d r a i n c u r r e n t . An i m p l a n t e d MISFET and i t s u n i m p l a n t e d n e i g h b o u r e x h i b i t v e r y s i m i l a r V g s

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I d s Curves ( F i g . 4 ) and t h e t r a n s c o n d u c t a n c e peaks a r e a l m o s t t h e same. The d o m i n a n t e f f e c t o f t h e i m p a n t a t i o n i s a t h r e s h o l d v o l t a g e s h i f t ; most o f t h e a c t i v e c h a n n e l e l e c t r o n s a r e i n t h e acCUmulatiOn l a y e r . The g a t e t r a n s f e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n t h e l i n e a r r e g i o n c o r r e s p o n d t o a peak e f f e c t i v e m o b i l i t y o f 2200 c m Z / ~ s . The g a t e - s o u r c e c a p a c i t a n c e o f t h e d e p l e t i o n - m o d e F E T ' s i s about 2 pF/mm.

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F i g . 5: I n P MISFET i n v e r t e r w i t h 2 - m i c r o n e n h a n c e m e n t / d e p l e t i o n t r a n - s i s t o r p a i r

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F i g . 6: S a t u r a t e d d r a i n c u r r e n t d r i f t s e q u e n c e ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) o f i m p l a n t e d I n P MISFET: t h e " t = O "

v o l t a g e t r a n s i t i o n s a r e i n d i c a t e d .

F i g . 5 shows t h e s t a t i c t r a n s f e r c u r v e s o f NMOS-style i n v e r t e r s composed o f a n enhancement-mode s w i t c h and a d e p l e t i o n - m o d e l o a d , a f t e r r e p e a t e d c y c l i n g o f t h e d e v i c e w i t h a 0 t o 5 V o l t i n p u t . B e f o r e s t r e s s , t h e t h r e s h o l d was 0 . 5 V o l t s l o w e r , w h i c h i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e h y s t e r e s i s o b s e r v a t i o n s o n t h e C-V c u r v e s .

5. D r i f t B e h a v i o u r

The b i g g e s t p r o b l e m o f c u r r e n t I n P MISFET t e c h n o l o g y i s t h e l o n g - t e r m d r i f t o f d r a i n c u r r e n t : a d e c r e a s e 1 s o b s e r v e d i n g e n e r a l , c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o an u p w a r d d r i f t o f t h r e s h o l d v o l t a g e due t o t h e i n j e c t i o n and t r a p p i n g o f n e g a t i v e c h a r g e s a t t h e I n P - S t 0 2 i n t e r f a c e ( 1 1 8 1 ) . We u s e d t h e common m e t h o d o f d r i f t c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n w h i c h i s t h e measurement o f d r a i n c u r r e n t e v 0 l ~ t i 0 n On a l o g a r i t h m i c t i m e s c a l e u n d e r s m a l l d r a i n b i a s (Vds = 0 . 1 V ) , a f t e r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f a g a t e v o l t a g e s t e p .

A Sequence o f 2 4 - h o u r d r i f t c y c l e s o n t h e same d e p l e t i o n - m o d e d e v i c e i n t h e l i n e a r r e g i o n (Vg f r o m 0 t o -2 V, t h e n b a c k t o 0 V) gave a r e v e r s i b l e t h r e s h o l d v o l t a g e d r i f t of, l e s s t h a n 0 . 5 V.

T h r e e c y c l e s i n t h e s a t u r a t e d r e g i m e ( s t e p i n Vd f r o m 0 t o 2 V, t h e n . V g h e l d a t 0 , -2 and 0 V) h a v e b e e n r e c o r d e d n e x t ( F i g . 6 ) . T h e r e a r e e f f e c t s o f p o s i t i v e and o f n e g a t i v e c h a r g e s , t h e p o s i t i v e o n e s b e i n g d o m i n a n t a t l o n g e r t i m e c o n s t a n t s . We c a n n o t e x c l u d e a l k a l i i o n c o n t a m i n a t i o n a s a p o s s i b l e p a r a s i t i c d r i f t e f f e c t s i n c e o u r p r o c e s s i n g e n v i r o n m e n t and m e t h o d s l a c k somewhat t h e s t r i n g e n t MOS d i s c i p l i n e . The t o t a l amount o f s a t u r a t e d d r a i n c u r r e n t v a r i a t i o n i n 2 4 h o u r s i s e q u i v a l e n t t o a t h r e s h o l d v o l t a g e d r i f t o f l e s s t h a n 0 . 5 V o l t s . T h a t means t h a t i t c a n be compensated f o r i n a t y p i c a l l a s e r d r i v e r a p p l i c a t i o n w h e r e a f e e d b a c k s t a b i l l s a t i o n O f t h e l i g h t o u t p u t l e v e l i s n e c e s s a r y i n a n y c a s e .

6 . C o n c l u s i o n

W h o l l y I m p l a n t e d I n P M I S F E T ' s may be p u s h e d t o p e r f o r m a n c e l e v e l s a d e q u a t e f o r m o s t a p p l i c a t i o n s i n O p t o e l e c t r o n i c s . The d e v i c e s a r e e n t i r e l y p l a n a r , h a v e a n e g l i g i b l e g a t e l e a k a g e c u r r e n t , t h e i r t h r e s h o l d may b e a d j u s t e d b e t w e e n -2 and 0 V o l t s , and n o e p i t a x i a l l a y e r s a r e r e q u i r e d . On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e s u b s t r a t e p r e p a r a t i o n and t h e g a t e d i e l e c t r i c d e p o s i t i o n a r e d e l i c a t e p r o c e s s e s . The r e s i d u a l d r i f t o f t h r e s h o l d v o l t a g e i s s t i l l a m a t t e r o f c o n c e r n a b o u t d e v i c e r e l i a b i l i t y , b u t i m p o r t a n t p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n made o n t h a t s u b j e c t . B e t t e r c o n t r o l o f p r o c e s s s t e p s i s e x p e c t e d i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e and we h o p e t h a t t h e p l a n a r g e o m e t r y o f i m p l a n t e d FETs w i l l make t h e m f i t e a s i l y i n t o OEIC d e s i g n s .

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C4-226 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S

The authors are indebted to A. Scavennec for helpful d i s c u s s i o n s . P. K r a u z , L. Bricard, D. A r q u e y , C. Joly and C. Mayeux contributed to d e v i c e p r o c e s s i n g . This work has been supported by ESPRIT under contract N o . 263B.

R E F E R E N C E S

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[4] T. Itoh and K. O h a t a : IEEE T r a n s . Electron Dev. 30 ( 1 9 8 3 ) , p.811

[5] A. A n t r e a s y a n , P.A. G a r b i n s k i , V.D. M a t t e r a , J r . , H. T e m k i n , and J.H. A b e l e s : Applied P h y s . Lett. 51 ( 1 9 8 7 ) , p.1097

[6] P.D. G a r d n e r , S. Y e g n a N a r a y a n , S.G. Liu, D. B e c h t l e , T. B i b b y , D.R. C a p e w e l 1 , and S.D.

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[8] P.D. G a r d n e r , S.G. Liu, S. Yegna N a r a y a n , S.D. C o l v i n , J.P. P a c z k o w s k i , and D.R. Capewel 1 : IEEE Electron Dev. L e t t . 7 ( 1 9 8 6 ) , p.363

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[13] M.A. F a t h i m u l l a , T. Loughran, L. S t e c k e r , E. H e m p f l i n g , M. M a t t i n g l y , and 0. A i n a : IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 9 ( 1 9 8 8 ) , p.145 .

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Lett. 9 ( 1 9 8 8 ) , p.41

[ 1 6 ] M . D . F e u e r , J.M. K u o , S.C. S h u n k , R . E . B e h r i n g e r , and T.Y. C h a n g : IEEE Electron Dev. L e t t . 9 ( 1 9 8 8 ) , p.162

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