• Aucun résultat trouvé

From Tweet to Graph: Social Network Analysis for Semantic Information Extraction

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "From Tweet to Graph: Social Network Analysis for Semantic Information Extraction"

Copied!
12
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-01147320

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01147320

Submitted on 30 Apr 2015

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access

archive for the deposit and dissemination of

sci-entific research documents, whether they are

pub-lished or not. The documents may come from

teaching and research institutions in France or

abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est

destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents

scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,

émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de

recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires

publics ou privés.

From Tweet to Graph: Social Network Analysis for

Semantic Information Extraction

Rocio Abascal-Mena, Rose Lema, Florence Sèdes

To cite this version:

Rocio Abascal-Mena, Rose Lema, Florence Sèdes. From Tweet to Graph: Social Network

Analy-sis for Semantic Information Extraction. IEEE International Conference on Research Challenges in

Information Science - RCIS 2014, May 2014, Marrakesh, Morocco. pp. 1-10. �hal-01147320�

(2)

O

pen

A

rchive

T

OULOUSE

A

rchive

O

uverte (

OATAO

)

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and

makes it freely available over the web where possible.

This is an author-deposited version published in :

http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/

Eprints ID : 13115

To link to this article : DOI :10.1109/RCIS.2014.6861047

URL :

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RCIS.2014.6861047

To cite this version : Abascal-Mena, Rocio and Lema, Rose and

Sèdes, Florence

From Tweet to Graph: Social Network Analysis for

Semantic Information Extraction

. (2014) In: IEEE International

Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science - RCIS

2014, 28 May 2014 - 30 May 2014 (Marrakesh, Morocco).

Any correspondance concerning this service should be sent to the repository

administrator:

[email protected]

(3)

!"#$%&'(()%)#%*"+,-.%/#01+2%3()'#"4%56+27818%9#"%

/($+6)10%:69#"$+)1#6%;<)"+0)1#6%

!

"#$%#!&'()$(*+,-.(/!"#)-!0-1(!

2.34-5)36(6!&789.#1(!,-85#:#*38(.(!;!<7(=31(*:(! ,>?3$#/!@ABA!,-?3$#! 1('()$(*C$#55-#A$7(A7(1A1?/!5#)-C?(.71A7(1A1?!

B*#5-.$-!DE6-)!

F.)83878!6-!"-$G-5$G-!-.!F.H#51(83I7-! 2.34-5)38>!J(7*!D('(83-5! K#7*#7)-/!B5(.$-! )-6-)C3538AH5 5=8)"+0)>KG3)!:(:-5!5-:5-)-.8)!(!)876L!(*#.M!8G-!$7883.M!-6M-!#H! 8G-! $755-.8! (.(*L)3)! #H! #.*3.-! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O! 3.! 5-*(83#.! N38G! 8G-! $#.8-.8)! $#117.3$(8-6! (1#.M! 7)-5)A! KN388-5! 6(8(! 3)! $(5-H7**L! )-*-$8-6! (5#7.6! (! H3?-6! G()G+8(M! 3.! #56-5! 8#! )876L! 8G-! ):-$3H3-6! $#.8-.8!3.!5-*(83#.!N38G!#8G-5!$#.8-.8)!8G(8!7)-5)!'53.M!8#!$#..-$83#.A! &!)-:(5(8-!.-8N#5O!#H!G()G+8(M)!5-*(8-6!P3.!8N--8)Q!3)!$#.)857$8-6!H#5! 63HH-5-.8! 6(L)R! 8G-! .-8N#5O)! (5-! (.(*LS-6! N38G3.! (64(.$-6! T-:G3! :($O(M-/! :5#4363.M! )-4-5(*! 1-()75-)! +++6-M5--/! '-8N--..-))! $-.85(*38L/! $#117.383-)/! ()! N-**! ()! 8G-! *#.M-)8! :(8G/! 'L! NG3$G! 8G-! -4#*783#.!#H!$#117.3$(83#.!(5#7.6!):-$3H3-6!$#.$-:8)!3)!I7(.83H3-6A! U75! )876L! 3)! (')#*78-*L! 3.! 8G-! $755-.8! 85-.6! #H! (.(*L)3)! #H! #.*3.-! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O)! 8G(8/! M#3.M! '-L#.6! 1-5-! 8#:#*#ML/! 5-4-(*)! 5-*-4(.8! *3.M73)83$!(.6!)#$3(*!$(8-M#53-)!(.6!8G-35!6L.(13$)A% ?(7'#"@8>)(<)%$1616AB% /#01+2%C(=B% /#01+2% 3()'#"4% 56+27818B% &-(#"7%#9%*"+,-8B%0#$$D61)7%@()(0)1#6B%&'1))("E% FA! FVK"U@2<KFUV! KG-! $#117.3$(83#.! 8G5#7MG! 8G-! 7)-! #H! F.H#51(83#.! (.6! <#117.3$(83#.! K-$G.#*#M3-)! PF<KQ! *-(6)! 8#6(L! 8#! ()O! 8G-! I7-)83#.! ('#78! 8G-! N5383.M! (.6! 8G-! 1-(.3.M! #H! 8G-! 1-))(M-)A! B5#1!8G-!($(6-13$!*(.M7(M-!8#!8G-!:G#.-83$!*(.M7(M-/!8G5#7MG! $#1:*-?! :5#$-))-)/! 8G-! *3.M73)83$! :5($83$-)! (5-! -4#*43.MA! KG-! -1#83$#.)/! 8G-! WD,D! *(.M7(M-X! #5! 8G-! (*8-5.(83#.)! '-8N--.! 63HH-5-.8! $#6-)! (5-! )-4-5(*! -*-1-.8)! 8G(8! (**#N! 7)! 8#! #:-.! 8G-! 63)$7))3#.! ('#78! 8G-! 1-(.3.M! #H! 8G-! 5-*(83#.)G3:! '-8N--.! #5(*38L! (.6! N5383.M! PNG-5-! 8G-! #5(*! (.6! 8G-! N5388-.! H#51! 8G-! $#.8-?87(*3S(83#.!#H!8G-!):--$GQA!<755-.8*L/!N-!H3.6!.-N!N(L)! #H! <#1:78-5+,-63(8-6! <#117.3$(83#.! P<,<Q! )7$G! ()! 8G-! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O)! 8G(8! (5-! $#1:#)-6! 'L! .#6-)! P:-5)#.)/! M5#7:)! #5! #5M(.3S(83#.)! *3.O-6! 8#! #8G-5)! ($$#563.M! 8#! 8G-35! 3.8-5-)8)! (.6Y#5! :#3.8)! #H! 43-N! 3.! $#11#.QA! Z3587(*! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O)! G(4-!*-6!8#!(!.-N!N(L!#H!$#117.3$(83#.!8G(8!3)!63HH-5-.8!H5#1! 8G-!#5(*!#.-/!NG-5-!8G-!5-)853$83#.!#H!831-!(.6!):($-!M-.-5(8-)! .-N! *3.M73)83$! :5($83$-)A! F8! 3)! .#8! -.#7MG! 8#! 7)-! #.*L! (.! -*-$85#.3$!1-63(/!)7$G!()!8G-!$#1:78-5/!8#!$#117.3$(8-!(.6!8#! 3.8-5($8!3.!(!43587(*!)#$3(*!.-8N#5OA!KG-5-H#5-/!38!3)!.-$-))(5L!8#! G(4-! :53#5! O.#N*-6M-! (.6! *(.M7(M-! )O3**)!3.! 8G-)-! .-N! 1-63(! 8#!H#**#N!(.6!'-!:(58!#H!43587(*!$#.4-5)(83#.)A! KN388-5!3)!(!N-')38-!8G(8!3)!5-M3)8-5-6!7.6-5!8G-!$(8-M#5L!#H! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O3.M! (.6! 13$5#'*#MM3.MA! KG-! 1(3.! H-(875-! #H! KN388-5!3)!8G(8!1-))(M-)!8G(8!(5-!)-.8!G(4-!(!1(?3171!*-.M8G! #H![\]!$G(5($8-5)/!$(**-6!8N--8)A!KG-)-!8N--8)!$(.!'-!)8#5-6!(.6! $(8-M#53S-6! 3.8#! 8G-1-)! 'L! 8G-! 7)-! #H! !"#!$"%#! PO-LN#56)! #5! (''5-43(83#.)Q!8G(8!(5-!:5-$-6-6!'L!8G-!)L1'#*!^_`!P$(**-6!:(6Q! (.6!8G(8!(**#N!8#!H#**#N/!)-(5$G!(.6!H3.6!$#.4-5)(83#.)!5-*(8-6! 8#! (! $#11#.! 8G-1-A! a-! $(.! )(L! 8G(8! 8G-! 8(M! G()! '-$#1-! -))-.83(*!(.6!H7.6(1-.8(*!3.!8G-!7.6-5)8(.63.M!#H!(!.-N!H#51! #H!$#117.3$(83#.!3.!NG3$G!8G-!8(M)!-4#*4-!#4-5!831-!(.6!1(5O! 5GL8G1)! (.6! 8G-1-)! PK5-.63.M! K#:3$)/! KKQ! NG3*-! 8G-L! (5-! 1())! 7)-6A! KG-! $#.4-5)(83#.)! #5! 1-))(M-)/! 8N--8)/! 8(O-! (! .#.*3.-(5!N(L!3.$*763.M!8(M)!P_G()G8(M)Q/!7)-5.(1-)!P7)3.M!8G-! )L1'#*! ^C`! '-H#5-! 8G-! .(1-! #H! 8G-! 7)-5Q! (.6! *3.O)! 8#! 31(M-)! (.6!N-')38-)A!KG3)!6-*3.-(53S(83#.!3)!(.!(::5#($G!8#!8G-!N(L!3.! G#N!N-!8G3.O!(.6!8(*O!(8!8G-!)(1-!831-b!M#3.M!H5#1!#.-!36-(!8#! (.#8G-5!8#!5-875.!8#!8G-!3.383(*!$#.4-5)(83#.A!! c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d][]! -*-$83#.)! 3.! &7)85(*3(/! d][[! 3.! ,-?3$#! (.6! d][d!3.!8G-!2.38-6!D8(8-)/!8#!.(1-!(!H-NQ!(.6!(*)#!3.!:5#8-)8)! (.6! ($8343)8! 1#4-1-.8)! )7$G! ()! 8G#)-! 3.! eML:8/! K7.3)3(! (.6! f-1-.A! KN388-5! G()! '-$#1-! (! *-M3831(8-! $G(..-*! #H! $#117.3$(83#.! 3.! 8G-! :#*383$(*! (5-.(! ()! (! 5-)7*8! #H! 8G-! d]]g! :5-)36-.83(*!$(1:(3M.!$#.67$8-6!3.!8G-!2.38-6!D8(8-)!h[i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

(4)

j#.-L$788!(.6!j-553.M!hdi!)G#N-6!8G(8!KN388-5!3)!.#8!#.*L! 7)-6!3.!#.-!635-$83#.!#H!$#117.3$(83#.!'78!M-.-5(**L!H7.$83#.)! ()! (! 1-63(! H#5! $#.4-5)(83#.A! F.! 8G-35! )876L/! 8G-L! H#7.6! 8G(8! 5(.6#1*L! )-*-$83.M! (! )-8! #H! 8N--8)/! k[l! N3**! $#.8(3.! 8G-! ^C`! )L1'#*! (.6! m[l! N3**! '-! )-.8! 8#! (! ):-$3H3$! 7)-5A! <7.G(!&$0 "13/! d][[! hki! )8763-6! 8G-! :5#:(M(83#.! #H! G()G8(M)/! $#.8(3.3.M! 8G-! )L1'#*! _/! N38G3.! ):--$G! $#117.383-)! NG3$G! (5-! M5#7:)! #H! :-#:*-! NG#)-! 1-1'-5)! *3.M73)83$(**L! 3.H*7-.$-! -($G! #8G-5A! F.! 8G3)! N(L/! 8G-L! (.(*LS-6! 3.! NG3$G! $()-)! 8G-! G()G8(M)! (5-! (6#:8-6! (.6! 5-7)-6! 3.! H7875-! 1-))(M-)A! F.! 8G-35! 5-)-(5$G! 8G-L! H#7.6! (! 5-*(83#.)G3:! '-8N--.! 8G-! 63)853'783#.! #H! G()G8(M)! N38G3.!8G-!5(.O3.M)!#H!H5-I7-.$L!(.6!8G-!*-.M8G!#H!8G-!G()G8(M! 3.! #56-5! 8#! '-! (6#:8-6! 'L! 8G-! 7)-5)A! &$$#563.M! 8#! hki/! 8G-! G()G8(M)! 8G(8! (5-! 1#5-! 7)-6! $#55-):#.6! 8#! 8G#)-! $#.8(3.3.M! 1#5-! $G(5($8-5)! (.6! 8G(8! (5-! 1#5-! -?:*3$38! #5! 8G(8! (5-! (*5-(6L! O.#N.! 'L! 8G-! ):--$G! $#117.38LA! F.! d][d/! <7.G(! &$0 "1A! 3.$*76-6! 8G-! M-.6-5/! 3.! 8G-35! 5-)-(5$G/! ()! (! )#$3(*! 6-8-513.(.8! 8G(8!3.H*7-.$-)!8G-!7)-5!3.!)-*-$83.M!G()G8(M)!('#78!(!:(583$7*(5! 8#:3$!h\iA!D313*(5*L/!"#1-5#!&$0"1A!hni!)8763-6!G#N!3.H#51(83#.! ):5-(6)!#.!KN388-5!'L!(.(*LS3.M!8G-!4(53(83#.)!#H!8G-!63HH7)3#.! $G(5($8-53)83$)! 3.! 63HH-5-.8! 8G-1-)A! K#! 6#! 8G3)/! 8G-L! $(*$7*(8-6! 8G-! :5#'('3*38L! #H! (6#:83.M! (! G()G8(M! '()-6! #.! 8G-! .71'-5! #H! -?:#)75-)! (.6! 8G-! ):--6! N38G! NG3$G! 8G-! $754-! #H! 3.H*7-.$-! 6-)$-.6)A! <G-N!(.6!eL)-.'($G!hoi!H#7.6!8G-!-?3)8-.$-!#H!4(53('3*38L! 3.! 8G-! 7)-! (.6! $#.8-?8! #H! G()G8(M)! NG-.! 8G-L! )8763-6/! 3.! (! :-53#6! #H! 831-/! 8G-! 7)-! #H! ^_! j[V[`! (.6! ^_! )N3.-! H*7`! 3.! 8G-! 8N--8)!M-.-5(8-6!6753.M!d]]mA!! KG-!G()G8(M)!G(4-!(*)#!'--.!)8763-6!3.!#56-5!8#!6-8-513.-! 8G-! H--*3.M)! 3))7-6! N38G3.! 8N--8)A! "#653M7-)! &$0 "1A/! hpi! :5-)-.8-6! (! )876L! #H! (! $#5:7)! #H! 8N--8)! 5-$#4-5-6! 6753.M! 8G-! d][]!-*-$83#.)!NG-5-!('#78!8-.!G()G8(M)!N-5-!$(8-M#53S-6!3.8#! :#)3834-/! .-M(834-! #5! .-785(*A! F.! 8G3)! N(L/! 8G-L! $#7.8! 8G-! .71'-5! #H! 8N--8)! 8G(8! (5-! 3.$*76-6! 8#! (.(*LS-! 3H! 8G-! G()G8(M)! $(.! '-! 7)-6! 3.! #56-5! 8#! 6-8-513.-! H--*3.M)! 3))7-6! 3.! (! 8N--8A! &.6/!8G-L!H#7.6!8G(8!8G-!G()G8(M!G()!(*5-(6L!(.!3.8-.83#.!8G(8! 5-H*-$8)!(!)-.831-.8A!! &*)#/!KN388-5!G()!'--.!7)-6!8#!$5-(8-!$#117.383-)!8G5#7MG! 8G-!7)-!#H!G()G8(M)!hg/!mi!8G(8!(5-!(::*3-6!3.!#56-5!8#!G-*:!8G-! H#51(83#.! #H! (6+G#$! :7'*3$! (5#7.6! ):-$3H3$! 3))7-)A! KG-! G()G8(M)! (5-! 7)-6! 8#! I73$O*L! -?:(.6! -4-.8)! (.6! -1-5M3.M! 3))7-)A!D7$G!3)!8G-!$()-!#H/!H#5!-?(1:*-/!_L#)#L[kd!P,-?3$(.! 1#83#.!M-.-5(8-6!6753.M!8G-!:5-)36-.83(*!$(1:(3M.!#H!d][dQ!#5! _! n+,! P:5#8-)8)! 3.! D:(3.! H5#1! d][[! 8#! d][kQA! F.! 8G3)! $#.8-?8/! N-! H3.6! )313*(5383-)! 3.! 8G-! *('-*)! 7)-6! (1#.M! 4(53#7)! 1#4-1-.8)! (5#7.6! 8G-! N#5*6/! ()! (! N(L! 8#! )G#N! 8G-! )(1-! 36-#*#ML! ()! $#.$5-8-!$#..-$83#.)! (.6! )313*(5383-)!6-):38-! 8G-35! M-#M5(:G3$!)387(83#.!#5!$7*875(*!$#.8-?8A! aG3*-!8G-!:5-43#7)*L!:5-)-.8-6!N#5O)!M34-!7)!(.!36-(!#H!8G-! N(L! 3.! NG3$G! KN388-5! 3)! (.(*LS-6! 3.! #56-5! 8#! 7.6-5)8(.6! 8G-! .-N!N(L!#H!$#117.3$(83#./!N-!6#.`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d][kA!KG3)! G()G8(M! N()! 7)-6! (8! 8G-! -.6! #H!d][k! 3.! ,-?3$#!8#!-?:5-))!(.!7:)-8!'L!8G-!-?3)8-.$-!#H!17*831-1'-5!3.! 8G-! <G(1'-5! #H! @-:783-)! (.6! 8G-! D-.(8-A! KG-! :75:#)-! #H! #75! 5-)-(5$G!3)!8#!H3.6!43)7(*3S(83#.)!#H!8G-!3.H#51(83#.!()!(&$6).7#! P.#6-)!(.6!*3.O)!'-8N--.!3.H#51(83#./!3.!8G3)!$()-!'-8N--.!8G-! G()G8(M)Q! 3.! #56-5! 8#! 7.6-5)8(.6! 8G-! 1-(.3.M! #H! 8G-! 7)-! #H! 63HH-5-.8! -*-1-.8)! 3.! 8G-! 8N--8A! j#N! G()G8(M)! (5-! 5-*(8-6! N38G3.! #8G-5! $#.$-:8)! (.6! N#56)! 7)-6q! F)! 38! :#))3'*-! 8#! 43)7(*3S-! 8G-! $-.85(*! :5#'*-1(83$! #H! 8G-! 1#4-1-.8! _.#(*#):*753)!'L!7)3.M!(!.-8N#5Oq!j#N!$*7)8-5)!(.6!)7'M5#7:)! #H! 3.H#51(83#.! $(.! G-*:! 8#! 7.6-5)8(.6! 8G-! 1-(.3.M! #H! 8G-! 1#4-1-.8q!U75!N#5O!(31)!8#!G-*:!8G-!(.(*L)3)!#H!:#*383$(*!(.6! )#$3(*!1#4-1-.8)!3.!KN388-5!8G5#7MG!(!I7(.838(834-!(.(*L)3)!'L! -?85($83.M!8G-!H5-I7-.$L!#H!N#56)!(.6!G()G8(M)/!8G-!(::*3$(83#.! #H!8G-!8G-#5L!#H!M5(:G)!8#!1#6-*!8G-!8N--8)!*3O-!(!.-8N#5O!(.6! 8G-!7)-!#H!'()3$)!#H!D#$3(*!V-8N#5O!&.(*L)3)!PDV&Q!8#!-?85($8! )-1(.83$! 3.H#51(83#.A! a-! G(4-! $(553-6! #78/! (*)#/! (!I7(*38(834-! (.(*L)3)! #H! 8G-! 8N--8)! 'L! 7)3.M! 8G-! 5-)7*8)! #H! #75! I7(.838(834-! (.(*L)3)!3.!#56-5!8#!1(O-!(.!3.8-5:5-8(83#.!#H!#75!5-)7*8)A!

KG-!5-)8!#H!8G3)!(583$*-!3)!#5M(.3S-6!()!H#**#N)A!F.!8G-!.-?8! )-$83#.!N-!'53-H*L!6-)$53'-!8G-!1(3.!$G(5($8-53)83$)!#H!(!8N--8A! F.! )-$83#.! k! N-! :5-)-.8! (! '($OM5#7.6! 3.! 8G-! 8G-#5L! #H! M5(:G)! (.6! D#$3(*! V-8N#5O! &.(*L)3)! PDV&QA! D-$83#.! \! :5-)-.8)! (! '($OM5#7.6! #H! )#1-! N#5O)! 8G(8! G(4-! H#5! :75:#)-! 8G-! (.(*L)3)! #H!8N--8)!8#!7.6-5)8(.6!)#$3(*!'-G(43#5A!D-$83#.!n!3)!6-4#8-6!8#! 8G-! :5-)-.8(83#.! #H! 8G-! 1-8G#6#*#ML! 7)-6! 8#! -?85($8! (.6! (.(*LS-! #75! $#5:7)A! KG3)! 1-8G#6#*#ML! 3)! '()-6! #.! 8-$G.3I7-)! :5#436-6!'L!8G-!DV&!H3-*6A!KG-!(::*3$(83#.!#H!8G-)-!8-$G.3I7-)! (.6! 8G-!5-)7*8)! (5-!:5-)-.8-6! 3.! )-$83#.!oA! B3.(**L/! N-! :5#436-! 3.)3MG8)!H#5!H7875-!N#5O!(.6!#75!$#.$*7)3#.)A!

FFA! <j&"&<Ke"FDKF<D!UB!&!KaeeKb!Kje!<&De!UB!Kje!

j&DjK&T!

&8! 8G-! *(7.$G! #H! KN388-5! 3.! d]]o/! 8G-! 1(3.! #'=-$834-! N()! 8G(8! 7)-5)! 5-):#.6! 8#! 8G-! I7-)83#.! 89!"$0 ".&0 :)-0 +),(%;<! '-3.M! (! O3.6! #H! 81,=&0 #$.&"2,(%<! 3.! #56-5! 8#! 1(O-! :7'*3$! 8G-! 6(L!(!6(L!#H!8G-!:-#:*-!3.!F.8-5.-8!(.6!#:-.3.M!8G-!6##5)!#H!8G-! 3.634367(*38L!(.6!8G-!:534($LA!j#N-4-5/!38!3)!H5#1!8G-!6(3*L!7)-! (.6! 85-.6)! #H! a-'! dA]! PNG-5-! 8G-! 8(MM3.M! #H! 3.H#51(83#.! 3)! -.$#75(M-!3.!#56-5!8#!1(O-!1#5-!-()3*L!8#!5-$#4-5!3.H#51(83#.! .#8!#.*L!H5#1!38)!)L.8(?!'78!(*)#!H5#1!38)!1-(.3.MQ!8G(8!<G53)! ,-))3.(! P8-$G.#*#M3)8! *#$(8-6! 3.! D(.! B5(.$3)$#Q! :5#:#)-6/! 3.! d]]p/!H5#1!G3)!'*#M!(.6!G3)!KN388-5!):($-!8G-!7)-!#H!8G-!)L1'#*! ^_`! 8#! 31:5#4-! H3*8-53.M! (.6! $#.8-?87(*3S(83#.! 3.! KN388-5A! U4-5(**/! 8G-! :5#:#)(*! N()! (31-6! H#5! 8G-! $5-(83#.! #H! 3.8-5-)8! M5#7:)A!j#N-4-5/!7)3.M!8G-!:(6!()!(!1-(.)!#H!*('-*3.M!$(.!'-! $#.)36-5-6!()!(!1,(%-,#$,'0,(()/"$,)(!8G(8!(**#N)!8G-!$5-(83#.!#H! =71:)! N38G3.! (! )-.8-.$-! (.6! 38! 3)! (! 5-H-5-.$-/! (*N(L)! :5-)-.8/! )7::*-1-.83.M!8G-!3.H#51(83#.!P1-8(+3.H#51(83#.Q!8G(8!3)!'-3.M! 5-(6A!

(5)

KG-! 7)-! #H! *('-*3.M! -?8-.6)! 8G-! ('3*38L! #H! 8G-! 1-))(M-! 1(O3.M! 8G-! G()G8(M! (.! 36-.83H3-5! 8#! P(Q! 6#$71-.8! 8G-! 8N--8! 7)3.M! GL:-58-?87(*3S(83#./! P'Q! $(8-M#53S-! 8G-! 8N--8! 3.! (6+G#$! M5#7:)! (.6! )7'=-$8! (5-()/! P$Q! M-.-5(8-! 1-8(63)$75)34-! $#11-.8)/! P6Q! $5-(8-! -?:5-))34-! 1(5O)/! P-Q! $5-(8-! :-5)#.(*! 3.8-5:5-8(83#.)!(.6!PHQ!36-.83HL!(!8G-1(83$!()!M-.-53$A!! B#5!8G-!M-.-5(83#.!#H!1-8(63)$75)34-!$#11-.8)!N-!7)-!8G-! 6-H3.383#.!#H!1-8(63)$#75)-!:5#436-6!'L!jL*(.6!(.6!K)-!h[]ib! 2&$"+,#')-.#&0.&=&.#0$)0"110$!&0#$."$&%,&#0-#&+0>:0$!&06.,$&.0$)0 ).%"(,?&0 $!&0 $&@$0 "(+0 "11)60 $!&0 ')((&'$,)(0 )=0 +,==&.&($0 ,+&"#A!

j#N-4-5/! 8G-! 1-8(63)$#75)-! 3)! (! $57$3(*! -*-1-.8! 3.! 8G-! (5M71-.8(834-! N5383.M! PH#7.6! #.! KN388-5Q! 8G(8! H($3*38(8-)! :-5)7()3#.!3.!1-))(M-)!h[[iA!KG-5-!3)!.#!1#5-!5-)-(5$G!#.!8G-! 7)-!#H!1-8(63)$#75)-!3.!KN388-5!-?$-:8!H#5!8G-!N#5O!#H!"7))-**! h[di! (.6! J#-**! h[ki! 8G(8! $#.H351! 8G-! 7)-! #H! 1-8(63)$#75)-! :5#$-))-)!8#!:-5)7(6-!8N--8-5)!(5#7.6!5(3)-6!1#4-1-.8)!#H!8G-! &5('! D:53.MA! F.! 8G-! $()-! #H! eML:8/! 8G-! 8N--8)! 8G(8! N-5-! )-.8! 3.8-.6-6!8#!'73*6!8G-!G3)8#5L!3.)8-(6!#H!'-3.M!#.*L!85(.)1388-5)! #H! 3.H#51(83#.! 3.! NG3$G! 8G-! $5383$3)1! (.6! 8G-! )$5783.L! N-5-! :5-)-.8A! "7))-**! h[di! (5M7-)! 8G(8! 8G-! (N(5-.-))! (.6! 8G-! 1-8(63)$#75)-! 8G(8! 3)! 3.):35-6! 'L! 8G-)-! 8N--8)! G(4-! 8G-35! :5-$-6-.8)b! ,$0 ,#0 "0 .&'-..,(%0 5!&()2&()(0 ,(0 $!&0 !,#$).:0 )=0

5.)=&##,)("10A)-.("1,#2B06!,'!0).,%,("$&#B05".$,'-1".1:0,(0$,2&#0 )=0 5)1,$,'"10 '.,#,#0 ).0 5)1".,?"$,)(0 h[\iA! &$$#563.M! 8#! T-#5M(O#:#7*#7! h[ni/! NG(8! )8(.6)! #78! 3.! 8G-)-! .-N! H#51)! #H! 63M38(*!)8#5L8-**3.M!3)!8G-!:#8-.83(*!H#5!M5-(8-5!3.8-5($83438L!N38G! 8G-! 7)-5! (.6! 8G-!5(.M-!#H! H#51)! #H! 3.4#*4-1-.8! #H! 8G-! 5-(6-5/! NG#!1(L!-4-.!6-$3)34-*L!$G(.M-!8G-!$#75)-!(.6!3.8-5:5-8(83#.! #H!8G-!)8#5L!8#*6A! <755-.8*L/!8G-!7)-!#H!8G-!M-.-53$!*('-*!PG()G8(MQ!3)!.#8!M34-.! (8! (**! '-$(7)-! N-! )83**! H3.6! 8G(8! 8G-! 1-))(M-)/! 3.! KN388-5/! $#.8(3.! 17*83:*-! G()G8(M)! 3.! #56-5! 8#! 5-($G! (! N36-5! (763-.$-A! c57.)! (.6! c75M-))! hmi! (5M7-! 8G(8! 8G-! 7)-! #H! (! M-.-53$! *('-*! N#7*6! $(8-M#53S-! 8N--8)! N38G3.! (! 4(53-8L! #H! 8G-1-)! 1(O3.M! 38! 17$G!-()3-5!8G-!63)(1'3M7(83#.!#H!8N--8)!8G(8!G(4-!.#8G3.M!3.! $#11#.A! D313*(5*L/! 8G-! M-.-53$! 8(M! (**#N)! (.! (*8-5.(834-! -?:*(.(83#.! (.6! -1:G()3)! N38G#78! 8G-! 7)-! #H! 43)7(*! -*-1-.8)! P8G-!7)-!#H!'#*6/!38(*3$/!-8$AQ!#5!8G-!7)-!#H!-1#83$#.)A!

FFFA! c&<rT"U2V@b!KjeU"f!UB!T"&JjD!&V@!DU<F&0!

VeKaU"r!&V&0fDFD!

KG-! )876L! #H! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O)! 3)! #H! M5-(8! 3.8-5-)8! 8#! 8G-! )$3-.83H3$! (5-(! '-$(7)-! 8G-! 7.6-5)8(.63.M! #H! $#..-$83#.)! (**#N)/! (8! 8G-! )(1-! 831-/! 8#! 5-:5-)-.8! (.6! 7.6-5)8(.6! 4(53#7)! :5#'*-1)! #H! 8G-! .(875-! 8G(8! $#.8(3.! )313*(5! :(88-5.)! 8#! #8G-5! O3.6)! #H! :5#'*-1)A! j#N-4-5/! 8G-! )876L! #H! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O)! 3)! .#8! .-N/! 8G-! (.(*L)3)! #H! )#$3-8L! '()-6! #.! 8G-! $#.$-:8! #H! .-8N#5O!N()!(!)3M.3H3$(.8!$G(.M3.M!(::5#($G!#.!8G-!)$3-.$-!3.! 8G-! 8N-.83-8G! $-.875LA! c-H#5-! 8G(8/! 8G-! )8763-)! N-5-! *3138-6! 8#! 8G-! (.(*L)3)! #H! 8G-! :G-.#1-.(! #H! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O3.M! (.6! -?(13.-!#.*L!$-58(3.!:(58)!3.!6-8(3*A!U.*L!H5#1!8G-!*()8!$-.875L! 8G-!N#5O!'-M3.)!8#!$G(.M-!8G-!H#$7)!8#!8G-!)#$3(*!:G-.#1-.#.! $#.)83878-6!'L!8G-!3.8-5($83#.!'-8N--.!8G-!:(583-)!8G(8!$#1:#)-! 8G-!-.835-!.-8N#5OA! F.![pko/!8G-!1(8G-1(83$3(.!0-#.G(56!e7*-5!J(7*!:7'*3)G-6! (.!(583$*-!('#78!8G-!-.3M1(!#H!8G-!'536M-)!#H!rs.3M)'-5M!h[oiA! j-! N()! 8G-! H35)8!8#! 7)-! 8G-! 1-8(:G#5!#H! .-8N#5O)! 8#!5-)#*4-!(! :5#'*-1A! rs.3.M)'-5M! N()! (! J57))3(.! 8#N.! 3.! 8G-! 1366*-! #H! 3)*(.6)! 3.! 8G-! 1366*-! #H! (! 534-5A! F.! 8#8(*/! 8G-! $38L! G(6! )-4-.! '536M-)! (.6! H#5! G3)! G('38(.8)! 38! G(6! '-$#1-! (! 63)85($83#.! 8#! $5#))! 8G-! 8#N.! :())3.M! #.*L! #.$-! -4-5L! '536M-A! e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aG-.!8N#!:#3.8)!(5-! 635-$8*L!$#..-$8-6!'L!(.!-6M-!8G-L!(5-!$(**-6!"+A"'&($#A!F.!8G-! $()-! #H! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O)/! 8G-! 4-583$-)! 5-:5-)-.8! 8G-! ($8#5)/! (.6! 8G-! -6M-)! 5-:5-)-.8! 8G-! 5-*(83#.)G3:)! '-8N--.! 8G-! ($8#5)! 3.4#*4-6A! KG7)/! 8G-! ($8#5)! '-$#1-! 31:#58(.8! NG-.! 8G-L! (5-! $#..-$8-6! N38G! #8G-5! ($8#5)A! F.! [mg\/! D#N(! 3.85#67$-6! 8G-! 1#6-*3.M! #H! (! 8-?8! ()! (! M5(:G/! $(**-6! (! #&2"($,'0 (&$6).7/! 3.! NG3$G! 8G-! 1(3.! #'=-$834-! N()! 8#! 1#6-*! G71(.! O.#N*-6M-! 7)3.M! M5(:G)! #H! $#.$-:8)! 8G(8! (5-! 5-*(8-6! 8#! #8G-5)! 'L! 8G-! -?3)8-.$-!#H!$#.$-:87(*!5-*(83#.)!h[piA! F.! 8G3)! (583$*-/! N-! :5-)-.8! 8G-! $#.)838783#.! #H! M5(:G)! H5#1! 8G-!(.(*L)3)!:-5H#51-6!8#!8N--8)!3.!#56-5!8#!H3.6!G#N!8G-!*('-*)! -4#*4-! #4-5! 831-! (.6! NG(8! :#)383#.! 8G-L! 8(O-! N38G3.! 8G-! )7'=-$8A! KG7)/! 3.! 8G3)! )876L! N-! (::*L! M5(:G! 8G-#5L! 8#! $#1:*-1-.8!8G-!*3.M73)83$!(.(*L)3)!H5#1!8G-!3.8-5:5-8(83#./!#4-5! (! :-53#6! #H! 831-/! #H! 8G-! -?3)83.M! 5-*(83#.)G3:)! '-8N--.! 8G-! $#.$-:8)!7)-6!3.!8G-!8N--8)A!U75!(.(*L)3)!5-):#.6)!8#!8G-!.--6! #H!)876L3.M!43)7(*!-*-1-.8)!8G(8!$#7*6!G-*:!7)!8#!7.6-5)8(.6!8G-! H#51(83#.!(.6!4(53(83#.!#H!*(.M7(M-/!()!38)!1-(.3.M/!NG-.!38!3)! 1-63(8-6!'L!8G-!7)-!#H!$755-.8!8-$G.#*#M3-)A! KG-!(::*3$(83#.!#H!M5(:G)!3.!8-?87(*!(.(*L)3)!3)!.#8!3.8-.6-6! 8G(8!8G-!M5(:G!1#6-*)!8G-!NG#*-!1-(.3.M!#H!8G-!8-?8R!5(8G-5!38! H#$7)-)! #.! $(:8753.M! 8G-! 6-:-.6-.$-! 8G(8! -?3)8)! '-8N--.! 8G-! $#.$-:8)!5-H-55-6!8#!3.!8G-!8-?8A!F.!8G3)!$()-/!8G-!M5(:G!3)!)--.!()! (! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O! #H! N#56)! NG-5-! 8G-! 1--83.M! :#3.8)! (5-! 8G-! M5(11(83$(*! $#.8-?8)! 3.! NG3$G! 8G-)-! N#56)! (::-(5A! aG-.! :-5H#513.M! (! 8-?8! (.(*L)3)! 7)3.M! M5(:G)/! 1#6-*-6! ()! (! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O/! 38! 3)! :#))3'*-! 8#! 7)-! 8-$G.3I7-)! 8G(8! $#1-! H5#1! 8G-! D#$3(*! V-8N#5O! &.(*L)3)! PDV&QA! F.! #75! $()-! N-! 7)-! 8G5--! 8-$G.3I7-)! 8G(8! (**#N! 7)! 8#! 36-.83HL! O-L! $#.$-:8)! (.6! M5(11(83$(*! $#.8-?8)b! 8G-! +&%.&&/! 8G-! '&($."1,$:! (.6! 8G-! M-.-5(83#.!#H!')22-(,$,&#A!KG-!6-M5--!3)!8G-!.71'-5!#H!:#3.8)! 8G(8! 3)! (6=($-.8! 8#! (! :(583$7*(5! :#3.8A! KG(8! 3)/! 8G-! .71'-5! 8G(8! 3.63$(8-)!G#N!1(.L!$#..-$83#.)!P5-*(83#.)G3:)Q!-?3)8!'-8N--.!(! .#6-!(.6!#8G-5)!.#6-)A!

(6)

F.![m\g/!c(4-*()!3.85#67$-6!8G-!36-(!#H!$-.85(*38L!(::*3-6!8#! G71(.!$#117.3$(83#.!3.!)1(**!M5#7:)!(.6!GL:#8G-)3S-6!('#78! 8G-!5-*(83#.)G3:!8G(8!-?3)8!'-8N--.!)857$875(*!$-.85(*38L!(.6!8G-! 3.H*7-.$-!3.!M5#7:!:5#$-))-)!h[giA!U.-!:#3.8!3)!$-.85(*!3H!38!G()! (! G3MG! 6-M5--/! NG3$G! $#55-):#.6)! 8#! 8G-! 3.873834-! 36-(! #H! $-.85(*38L! 3.! NG3$G! (! :#3.8!3)!$-.85(*!3H! 38! 3)! N-**! $#..-$8-6!8#! #8G-5!:#3.8)!#H!8G-35!-.435#.1-.8!h[miA!F.!#75!(.(*L)3)! N-!7)-! 8G-!36-(!#H!>&$6&&((&##08G(8!6-8-513.-)!3.!NG(8!(1#7.8!(!:#3.8! 3)!(.!3.8-51-63(5L!'-8N--.!#8G-5!:#3.8)!'-$(7)-!38!3)!*#$(8-6!3.! 8G-! :(8G! '-8N--.! 8G-1! h[miA! KG-! $-.85(*38L! 3.6-?! '()-6! #.! >&$6&&((&##! 3)! #H8-.! 7)-6/! N38G! 1#5-! )7$$-))/! 8#! -?85($8! 8G-! N#56)! 8G(8! (5-! 5-*-4(.8! 3.! 7.)857$875-6! 8-?8)A! KG3)! 3.6-?! G()! )G#N.! )7:-53#538L! #4-5! 8G-! 7)-! #H! N#56! H5-I7-.$L! 8#! -?85($8! 8G#)-!N#56)!8G(8!(5-!5-*-4(.8!8#!(!)-8!#H!8-?8)!hd]iA! <#117.383-)! $#11#.*L! $(**-6! )7'M5#7:)! P$*7)8-5)Q! (5-! ())#$3(8-6! N38G! (.! (5-(!#H! 8G-! M5(:G! 8G(8! G()! (! 5-*(834-*L! G3MG! 6-.)38LA!F.!)#1-!$()-)/!8G-)-!$*7)8-5)!(**#N!8#!6-534-!(!H(13*L! #H!5-*(8-6!$#.$-:8)A!

FZA! c&<rT"U2V@b!Kje!2De!UB!KaFKKe"!KU!&V&0fte!

DU<F&0!cej&ZFU"! KG-! 53)-! #H! )#$3(*! N-'/! :(583$7*(5*L! KN388-5/! :5#436-)! .-N! #::#587.383-)! 8#! $#**-$8! 5-(*! 831-! 6(8(! 3.! *(5M-! I7(.8383-)! 635-$8*L!H5#1!7)-5)A!c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u4-! c(L-)! hd[/! ddiA! &! $*())3H3-5!3)!6-4-*#:-6!):-$3H3$(**L!87.-6!H#5!8N--8)/!7)3.M!O-L! N#56)/! :G5()-)! (.6! -1#83$#.)! 8#! 6-8-513.-! 8G-! 1##6! #H! -($G! 8N--8! hdkiA! D-4-5(*! 1-8G#6)! G(4-! '--.! (*5-(6L! :5#:#)-6! H#5! -?:*#383.M! 8N--8)! 3.! #56-5! 8#! 6-8-$8! :-#:*-v)! 1##6! $G(.M-)! 8G5#7MG#78!8G-!6(L!hdd/!d\iA! F.!M-.-5(*/!)8763-)!(.(*LS3.M!8N--8)!'L!$#1'3.3.M!63HH-5-.8! )-.831-.8! (.(*L)3)! (*M#538G1)! G(4-! '--.! ('*-! 8#! M34-! .-N! 3.)3MG8)! 3.8#! G71(.! '-G(43#5! ()! (! 5-)7*8! h-AMA/! dn/! do/! dp! (.6! dgiA!! F.! #75!:5-43#7)! N#5O! hdmi! N-! )G#N-6! )#1-! 5-)7*8)!#H! #75! (.(*L)3)! #H! 8N--8)! 3.! #56-5! 8#! )876L! 8G-! '-G(43#5! #H! 7)-5)! '-H#5-/! 6753.M! (.6! (H8-5! 8G-! :5-)36-.83(*! -*-$83#.)! #H! d][d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

ZA! ,eKjU@U0UTfb!ewK"&<KFUV!&V@!<U,JUDFKFUV! UB!Kje!<U"J2D! F.! 8G-! :5#:#)-6! 1-8G#6/! N-! (.(*LS-! 8N--8)! 7)3.M! 8G5--! )8-:)A! F.! 8G-! H35)8! )8-:/! N-! -?85($8! 8N--8)! H5#1! KN388-5! $#.8(3.3.M! (! $-58(3.! G()G8(MA! F.! 8G-! )-$#.6! )8-:/! N-! :(5)-! 8G-! -?85($8-6!8N--8)!3.!#56-5!8#!$*-(.!38!(.6!8#!$5-(8-!8N#!63HH-5-.8! 8('*-)b!#.-!N38G!(**!8G-!*('-*)!#H!8G-!31:#58(.8!N#56)!$#.8(3.-6! 3.!8G-!$#5:7)!(.6!(.#8G-5!$#.8(3.3.M!8G-!5-*(83#.)G3:)!'-8N--.! -($G! $#7:*-! #H! N#56)A! KG-)-! 8N#! )8-:)! (5-! (78#1(83$(**L! :-5H#51-6! 'L! 7)3.M! "! NG3$G! 3)! (.! 3.8-5:5-8-6! $#1:78-5! *(.M7(M-! 6-)3M.-6! H#5! )8(83)83$(*! 6(8(! (.(*L)3)A! KG-! 8G356! )8-:! $#.$-5.)!8G-!$5-(83#.!#H!8G-!.-8N#5O!'L!7)3.M!T-:G3!8G(8!3)!(.! #:-.!)#75$-!)#H8N(5-!H#5!M5(:G!(.6!.-8N#5O!(.(*L)3)!hk]iA!! a-!G(4-!)-*-$8-6!"!H#5!#75!(::5#($G!)3.$-!38!$#.8(3.)!)#1-! :($O(M-)! P$#**-$83#.! #H! H7.$83#.)Q! *3O-! KN388-"! P8#! $#..-$8! 8#! KN388-5! (.6! 5-853-4-! 8N--8)Q! (.6! 81! PH#5! 8-?8! 13.3.MQ! 8G(8! (5-! 7)-H7*! H#5! 6(8(! 31:#58/! $#5:7)! G(.63.M/! :5-:5#$-))3.M/! 6(8(! 1(.(M-1-.8!(.6!H#5!8G-!$5-(83#.!#H!8-51+6#$71-.8!1(853$-)A!! F.! 8G3)! N(L/! 'L! 7)3.M! "! N-! G(4-! 6-4-*#:-6! (! $#1:78-5! :5#M5(1!8G(8!3)!('*-!8#b!! [Q! e?85($8! 8N--8)! $#.8(3.3.M! (! $-58(3.! 8(M/! 3.! #75! $()-! N-! -?85($8-6! 8N--8)! $#.8(3.3.M! _.#(*#):*753)A! F8! 3)! .#8-N#58GL! 8#! )(L! 8G(8! 8G-! &JF! #H! KN388-5! 8G(8! 3)! '-3.M! 7)-6! #.*L! (**#N)! 8G-! 5-$#4-5L! #H! 8N--8)! 8G(8! G(4-! '-8N--.! o! (.6! m! 6(L)! #H! $5-(83#.A! F8`)! .#8! :#))3'*-!8#!5-853-4-!8N--8)!#*6-5!8G(.![]!6(L)/!)#!3.! )#1-!$()-)! NG-5-!8G-!:(583$3:(83#.!3)!4-5L! G3MG! 8G-! -?85($83#.!:5#$-))!)G#7*6!'-!6#.-!6(3*LA! dQ! e*313.(8-!)8#:N#56)!(.6!:7.$87(83#.A! kQ! e*313.(8-! N-')38-! (665-))-)! P(.L8G3.M! 8G(8! )8(58)! N38G!WG88:XQA! \Q! e*313.(8-!($8#5)!P(**!8G(8!$#.8(3.)!8G-!)L1'#*!^C`!()! 8G-!H35)8!$G(5($8-5QA!! nQ! @-*-8-! .71'-5)! (.6! ):-$3(*! $G(5($8-5)! P-?$-:8! 8G-! )L1'#*! ^_`! (.6! *-883.M! 8G-! .71'-5)! (.6! ):-$3(*! $G(5($8-5)!3.!8(M)QA! oQ! <G(.M-!8G-!$#5:7)!8#!*#N-5$()-A! pQ! e*313.(8-!($$-.8)A!

(7)

gQ! T-8!8G-!H5-I7-.$L!H#5!-($G!N#56A! mQ! T-.-5(8-! 8G-! .#6-)! H#5! N#56)! 8G(8! (5-! ('#4-! 8G-! 8G356!I73.83*-!PxkQA! []Q! @-8-513.(8-!8G-!-6M-)!H#5!-($G!.#6-A! K#! $#1:#)-! #75! $#5:7)! N-! G(4-! )-*-$8-6! (! 1#4-1-.8! 3.! ,-?3$#!8G(8!G()!(!$#7:*-!#H!L-(5)!(.6!8G(8!G()!'--.!:5#1#8-6! 8G5#7MG!(!N-')38-!PG88:bYY5-4#*7$3#.6-*3.8-*-$8#A$#1Y:*753A:G:Q! NG-5-!:-#:*-!-.8-5!8G-35!6-8(3*)!8#!=#3.!8G-!$(7)-b!5-1#4-!H5#1! 8G-! <G(1'-5! #H! D-.(8#5)! (.6! "-:5-)-.8(834-)! (**! 8G-! 17*83+ 1-1'-5)! NG#! G(4-! .#8! M#88-.! 8G-35! )8(87)! 'L! 8G-! *-M3831(8-! 4#8-! #H! 8G-! :-#:*-A! KG7)/! 8#! M(3.! (! N36-5! (763-.$-! 8G-! 1#4-1-.8! 7)-! 8G-!8(M!_.#(*#):*753)! 3.!KN388-5! 3.!#56-5! 8#!M-8! 8G-!(88-.83#.!#H!:#*383$)!(.6!8#!)G#N!8G-1!8G-!5-:763(83#.!(.6! 63)$#1H#58!#H!:-#:*-!('#78!8G-!-?3)8-.$-!#H!17*83+1-1'-5)A!F.! *(8-! d][k/! 8G3)! 1#4-1-.8! G(6! 38)! :-(O! 3.! KN388-5/! 8G-! 8N--8)! )G#N-6! .#8! #.*L! 8G-! *('-*3.M! #H! _.#(*#):*753)! '78! 8G-! 1(3.! :5#'*-1)! (HH*3$83.M! 8G-! :-#:*-A! F.! #75! $#5:7)! N-! 85L! 8#! )G#N! G#N!8G-! 1#4-1-.8!#H!_.#(*#):*753)!3)!'-$#13.M!(!H#571!8G(8! :5#436-)! (! :*(8H#51! H#5! 8G-! -?:5-))3#.! #H! 8G-! :5#'*-1! #H! 8G-! -?3)8-.$-! #H! 6-:783-)! (.6! )-.(8#5)! 17*83+1-1'-5! '78! (*)#! 8#! )G#N! 4(53#7)! :5#'*-1)! 8G(8! -?3)8! 3.! ,-?3$#A! D3.$-! y(.7(5L! d][\! 8G-! 1#4-1-.8! G()! 5-:*($-6! 8G-! 8(M! _.#(*#):*753)! H#5! _3.8-*-$8#!P1-(.3.M!8G(8!8G-!#.*L!N(L!8#!M(3.!(M(3.)8!:#*383$(*! 31:#)383#.!3)!8G-!7)-!#H!3.8-**-$87(*!(.6!$#.)857$834-!36-()QA!&)! $#.H351-6! 'L! j-4-53.! (.6! t($O! hk[i! (.6! c()8#)! &$0 "1A! hkdi! *('-*)!-4#*4-!#4-5!831-/!-):-$3(**L!3.!8G-!$#.8-?8!#H!-$#.#13$! $53)3)!(.6!:#*383$(*!7.$-58(3.8LA! U75!$#5:7)!$#.8(3.3.M!8G-!*('-*!_.#(*#):*753)!3)!$#1:#)-6! 'L!d/\g[!8N--8)!)-.8!'-8N--.!8G-!o!(.6![o!@-$-1'-5!d][kA!F.! #75! (.(*L)3)! N-! 6#.`8! 3.$*76-! 8G-! N--O-.6! #H! [\! (.6! [n! @-$-1'-5!8G(8!G(4-!(!5(63$(*!6-$5-()-!3.!8G-!.71'-5!#H!8N--8)! 8G3)! '-$(7)-! 8G-! 5(63#! :5#M5(1! 8G(8! :5#1#8-)! 8G-! 7)-! #H! 8G-! G()G8(M!_.#(*#):*753)!G()!38)!'5#(6$()8!H5#1!,#.6(L!8#!B536(LA! F.! 5-$-.8! L-(5)/! N-! G(4-! )--.! 8G-! 5-*(83#.)G3:! 8G(8! G()! KN388-5! N38G! #8G-5! 85(6383#.(*! 1-63(! ()! N-! H3.6! 8#:3$)! #.! KN388-5!8G(8!#$$7:L!8G-!1(3.! G-(6*3.-)!3.!8G-!.-N)!hkkiA!KG3)! 3)! (.! -))-.83(*! H-(875-!#H!KN388-5b! $#4-5! (.6!63)$7))!31:#58(.8! -4-.8)!3.!)#$3-8LA!KG-!8N--8!3)!4(*36!H#5!(!$#7:*-!#H!6(L)/!NG(8! 3)! 31:#58(.8! 3)! NG(8! L#7! 5-(6! G-5-! (.6! .#NA! f-)8-56(L! 3)! .#! *#.M-5!.-N)A!KG-!$-.85(*!1-$G(.3)1!7)-6!8#!G3MG*3MG8!(!8N--8! 3)! 8G-! 7)-! #H! G()G8(M)/! ()! N-! 1-.83#.-6! '-H#5-/! 8G(8! :*($-! (! 8N--8!3.!(!):-$3H3$!)7'=-$8!1(O3.M!38!311-63(8-*L!($$-))3'*-!8#! 13**3#.)!#H!7)-5)A!KG-!G()G8(M)/!'-$(7)-!#H!'5-438L!#H!KN388-5/! (5-! O-LN#56)! 8G(8! )G#N! 8G-! $755-.8! 5-(*38LA! c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`1!M#3.M!8#!7.65-))!1-Q!8G(8! (::-(5-6/! #.! [d! (.6! [k! @-$-1'-5! d][\/! 8#! 63)$7))! (.6! $5383$3S-! (! ,-?3$(.! $#.M5-))1(.! 8G(8! 3.! (! H7**! :#6371! G()! .(O-6!G31)-*H!3.!#56-5!8#!:5#8-)8!(M(3.)8!8G-!-.-5ML!5-H#51[A!!! @-):38-! 8G(8! _.#(*#):*753)! 3)! 7)-6! H#5! (! ):-$3H3$! $(7)-! N-! H3.6! 8G-! 3.$*7)3#.! #H! #8G-5! G()G8(M)! NG3$G! (5-! :5#.#7.$-6! (M(3.)8!M#4-5.1-.8!($83#.)A!j#N-4-5/!_.#(*#):*753)!3)!(!H#571! 8G(8!3)!N36-*L!5-(6!(.6!8G-!3.$*7)3#.!#H!G()G8(M)!8G(8!(5-!#78!#H! 8G-!$#.8-?8!G()!(.!-):-$3(*!#'=-$834-b!5-($G!(!*(5M-5!(763-.$-/!(! )85(8-ML!8#!3.$5-()-!8G-!43)3'3*38LA!KG7)/!#8G-5!*('-*)!8G(8!1(O-! 8G-35! (::-(5(.$-! '-8N--.! _.#(*#):*753)! (5-! _.#(71-.8#$(13#.=(*3)$#! (.6! _.#(*$(13#.(S#A! KG-)-! 8(M)! N-5-! 7)-6/! )3.$-! @-$-1'-5! [k/! 8#! 5-:#58! (.! 3.$5-()3.M! 63))(83)H($83#.! N38G! 8G-! 5(8-!#H! :7'*3$! 85(.):#58! 3.! 8G-! D8(8-! #H! y(*3)$#/!,-?3$#A!KG-!3.85#67$83#.!#H!8G-)-!8(M)!3)!6#.-!'L!8G-! 7)-! #H! :G5()-)! 8G(8! G(4-! '--.! )(36! 'L! ,-?3$(.! :#*383$(*! $-*-'5383-)A!KG-!:G5()-)!(5-!7)-6!N38G!(!)-.)-!#H!5363$7*-!8#!8G-! :#*383$3(.)!NG#!G(4-!.#8!6#.-!(.L8G3.M!('#78!8G-!$#7.85LA! KG-!3.85#67$83#.!#H!.-N!G()G8(M)!3.!(!$-58(3.!8G-1-/!-4-.!3H! 8G-5-! (5-! .#8! (::5#:53(8-6/! 3)! 7)-6! 8#! (5534-! 8#! (! *(5M-5! :7'*3$! '78! (*)#! 8G-L! $#55-):#.6! 8#! .-N! :5#'*-1)! 8G(8! .--6! 8#! N36-):5-(6A! KG-! (.(*L)3)! #H! 8G3)! G()G8(M)! N3**! *-8! 7)! M(3.! (! '-88-5!$#1:5-G-.)3#.!#H!8G-!.-8N#5O!)3.$-!N-!O.#N/!.#N/!8G(8! (**!8G-!3.H#51(83#.!$#.8(3.-6!G()!(!$-58(3.!31:#58(.$-A! U.$-! N-! M#8! 8G-! 8N--8)! N-! 1(O-! (! :5-+:5#$-))3.M/! 1(.3:7*(83#./!$*-(.3.M!(.6!H#51(883.M!3.!#56-5!8#!$#1:#)-!8G-! $#5:7)A!KG-!1(3.!)857$875-!H#5!1(.(M3.M!6#$71-.8)/!'L!7)3.M! 81! :($O(M-!3.! "/!3)! 8G-0 C).5-#! 8G(8!5-:5-)-.8)! (!$#**-$83#.! #H! 8-?8! 6#$71-.8)! P3.! #75! $()-! (! $#**-$83#.! #H! 8N--8)QA! a38G! 81! :($O(M-! "/! N-! (5-! ('*-! 8#! $5-(8-! (! K-51+@#$71-.8! ,(853?! H5#1!#75!$#5:7)A!KG-!1(853?!3)!-?:#58-6!()!(!A<DZ!H3*-!3.!#56-5! 8#!'-!7)-6!3.!T-:G3A! F.! 8G-! .-?8! )-$83#./! N-! :5-)-.8! 8G-! (.(*L)3)! $(553-6! #78! 8#! #75!$#5:7)!'L!(::*L3.M!8-$G.3I7-)!#H!DV&A!

ZFA! &JJ0fFVT!DU<F&0!VeKaU"r!&V&0fDFD!! KG-! 8('*-)! 8G(8! N-5-! M-.-5(8-6! 'L! "! P8('*-! #H! .#6-)! (.6! -6M-)Q!(5-!7)-6!3.!T-:G3!3.!#56-5!8#b! •! T-.-5(8-!(!.-8N#5O!#H!8G-!$#5:7)A! •! <(*$7*(8-!8G-!6-M5--!H#5!-($G!.#6-A! •! <(*$7*(8-!8G-!$-.85(*38L!H#5!-($G!.#6-A! •! @-8-$8!8G-!1(3.!$#117.383-)A! D3! E&(&."$,)(0)=0$!&0F&$6).70)=0$!&0C).5-#0 D#1-!-*-1-.8)/!)7$G!()!8G-!7)-!#H!8G-!G()G8(M/!$(.!'-!)--.! N38G! (! .(O-6! -L-! 'L! 5-(63.M! (! :(58! #5! 8G-! NG#*-! $#5:7)A! j#N-4-5/! 8G-! 7)-! #H! 8-$G.3I7-)! H5#1! 8G-! DV&! N3**! M34-! 7)! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [ G88:bYYNNNA6(3*L1(3*A$#A7OY.-N)Y(583$*-+dnddgogY,-?3$(.+ $#.M5-))1(.+8(O-)+$*#8G-)+(.M5L+:5#8-)8+G3)8#53$+-.-5ML+ :534(83S(83#.+)$7HH*-)+'5-(O+6##5)+'(553$(6-6AG81*!

(8)

M5-(8-5! $-58(3.8L! ('#78! 8G-! 7)-! (.6! :#)383#.3.M! N#56)!(.6!G()G8(M)!#4-5!8G-!831-A!! F.! 8G-! B3MA! [! 8#! o! N-! )G#N! 8G-! .-8N#5 M-.-5(8-6! H#5! 8G-! -($G! 6(L! #H! #75! (.(*LS-6! $ -?:*(3.-6! '-H#5-/! (! .-8N#5O! 3)! $#1:#)-6! 'L! .# P(*)#! $(**-6! *3.O)! #5! $#..-$83#.)QA! F.! #75! $()-! $#.$-:8)! P1(3.! N#56)Q! N38G3.! 8G-! .-8N#5O/! (.6 5-*(83#.)G3:)!'-8N--.!8G-!$#.$-:8)A!! Z3)7(*! 5-:5-)-.8(83#.! #H! 8G-! .-8N#5O! 3)! 7.6-5)8(.6!8G-!-4#*783#.!#H!$#.$-:8)!7)-6!#4-5!8G 8-.6! 8#! $#.$-.85(8-! 3.! $#117.383-)! 8G(8! )G 8G-1(83$A!

B3MA! [A! V-8N#5O! #H! $#.$-:8)! M-.-5(8-6! H#5! @-$ $#.8(3.3.M!8G-!G()G8(Mb!_.#(*#):*753)!

! B3MA! dA! V-8N#5O! #H! $#.$-:8)! M-.-5(8-6! H#5! @-$-$#.8(3.3.M!8G-!G()G8(Mb!_.#(*#):*753)A! 8G(8! 8(O-! )#1-! 5O! #H! $#.$-:8)! $#5:7)A! &)! N-! #6-)! (.6! -6M-)! .#6-)! (5-! 8G-! 6! -6M-)! (5-! 8G-! 31:#58(.8! 8#! 8G-!831-!()!8G-L! G(5-! 8G-! )(1-! ! $-1'-5! o/! d][k! -1'-5! []/! d][k!

B3MA! kA! V-8N#5O! #H! $#.$-:8)! M-.-$#.8(3.3.M!8G-!G()G8(Mb!_.#(*#):*753)

B3MA! \A! V-8N#5O! #H! $#.$-:8)! M-.-$#.8(3.3.M!8G-!G()G8(Mb!_.#(*#):*753)

B3MA! nA! V-8N#5O! #H! $#.$-:8)! M-.-$#.8(3.3.M!8G-!G()G8(Mb!_.#(*#):*753) ! -5(8-6! H#5! @-$-1'-5! [[/! d][k! )A! ! -5(8-6! H#5! @-$-1'-5! [d/! d][k! )A! ! -5(8-6! H#5! @-$-1'-5! [k/! d][k! )A!

(9)

B3MA! oA! V-8N#5O! #H! $#.$-:8)! M-.-5(8-6! H#5! @-$-$#.8(3.3.M!8G-!G()G8(Mb!_.#(*#):*753)A! G3! H&%.&&0"(+0C&($."1,$:0 2)3.M! 8G-! 6-M5--/! .71'-5! 8G(8! 3.63$(8-)! G#N (5-!$#..-$8-6!8#!(!5-):-$834-!.#6-/!H#5!-($G!G()G 36-.83HL!8G-!31:#58(.$-!#H!8G-)-!G()G8(M)!H#5!(!: @#-)!8G3)!6-M5--!3)!3.63$(834-!#H!8G-!:-51(.-.$-(**!(*#.M!8G-!-.835-!1#4-1-.8q!! KG-! $-.85(*38L! '()-6! #.! 8G-! 3.8-51-63(83#.! 1-()75-)! 8G-! H5-I7-.$L! N38G! NG3$G! (! .#6-! ( )G#58-)8!:(8G!'-8N--.!8G-!.#6-)!#H!8G-!.-8N#5OA 5-)7*8)/! 38! 3)! 3.8-5-)83.M! 8#! )G#N! 8G-! -$$-.853$38L 8G-! *#.M-)8! :(8G! #H! (! .#6-! 8#! 5-($G! (.L! #8G-5! 3 KG-!6-M5--!(.6!8G-!-$$-.853$38L!(5-!)G#N.!H#5!8G (::-(5!3.! (8! *-()8! 8N#! 6(L)! #H! #75! $#5:7)! -4-.! $#.)-$7834-!6(L)!P)--!K('*-![!(.6!dQA! K&c0e![A!@eT"ee!BU"!Kje!J"FV<FJ&0D!j&DjK&TD!<UV <U"J2D!UB!_VU&0UDJ02"FDA! !"#$%"&#! '(&)((! F(0% G% F(0% HI% F(0% HH% F(0% HJ% _3.8-*-$8#! _=(*3)$#! _1-?3$#!! _.#(*#):*753)!! _:-1-?! _:3-65().-M5()! _:#)1-67-51#! _:#)1--.$7-5#! _5-H#51(-.-5M-83$(! _5-H#51(:#*383$(!! _5-4#*7$3#.6-*3.8-*-$8#!! _)(*83**#! _8-5-M(*#!! _8#55-#.! _L#I73-5#7.d][\)3.!! p! +! d]! [on! +! +! +! +! +! [d! p! +! k! +! k! g! +! o! n[! +! n! o! +! +! +! +! p! +! m! +! [o! +! od! [nk! +! n! p! +! m! +! g! m! \! p! g! g! +! d[! mp! [k! +! +! n! [\! +! +! +! +! +! +! ! -1'-5! [o/! d][k! N! 1(.L! .#6-)! G8(M!N-!853-6!8#! :-53#6!#H!831-A! -!#H!8G-!G()G8(M! P>&$6&&((&##Q! (::-(5)! #.! 8G-! !&.(*LS3.M!8G-! L! #H! 8G-! .#6-)b! 3.! 8G-! .-8N#5OA! G-!G()G8(M)!8G(8! 3H! 8G-L! (5-! .#8! VK&FVe@!FV!Kje! F(0% HK% F(0% HG% [g! d]! \n! [o[! +! +! +! d! +! n! +! +! +! +! p! [\! \! dp! []k! []! +! +! +! +! +! +! p! +! +! +! K&c0e!dA!ew<eVK"F<FKf!BU"!Kje!J"FV< <U"J2D!UB!_VU& !"#$%"&#! F(0% G% F(0 HI% _3.8-*-$8#! _=(*3)$#! _1-?3$#!! _.#(*#):*753)!! _:-1-?! _:3-65().-M5()! _:#)1-67-51#! _:#)1--.$7-5#! _5-H#51(-.-5M-83$(! _5-H#51(:#*383$(!! _5-4#*7$3#.6-*3.8-*-$8#!! _)(*83**#! _8-5-M(*#!! _8#55-#.! _L#I73-5#7.d][\)3.!! g! +! n! \! +! +! +! +! +! k! n! +! o! +! o! n! +! \! k! +! o! \! +! +! +! +! \! +! \! +! ! F.!8G-!K('*-!k!N-!:5-)-.8!8G-!G M5-(8-5!8G(.!S-5#!P.71'-5!3.63$(8 8G5#7MG!8#!85(4-*!(!M34-.!.-8N#5O 7)-6!5-:-(8-6*L!3.!1#5-!8G(.!#.-!6 K&c0e!kA!j&DjK&TD!Kj&K!j&Ze!&!<e ! B5#1! 8G-)-! 5-)7*8)/! N-! H#7. '-8N--.!8G-!6-M5--!(.6!8G-!$-.85( "#0,$0,#0!,%!&.0$!&0+&%.&&0"(+0$!& '&($."1,$:0 I>,%%&.0 $!"(0 ?&.)J0 ,=0 $! )/&.0$,2&A!FH!N-!(::*L!8G3)!8G-#5L ()!G()G8(M)!'78!G(4-!(!)3M.3H3$(. 3.!(8!*-()8!8N#!63HH-5-.8!6(L)!N-! ()!31:#58(.8!.#6-)!(.6!8G(8!(5-!:( (!:5-$3)-!8G-1(83$A!F.!8G-!B3MA!p!N (5-! M#3.M! 8#! :5-)-.8! 8G-! $*7)8-5)! 8G-)-! $#.$-:8)/! (5-! (*)#! 7)-6! () _1-?3$#A! ! ! '(*(+,()-./-0123 '(*(+,()-#noalospluris #teregalo 462 49 #noalospluri #saltillo #torreon '(*(+,()-20/-0123 '(*(+,()-#mexico #noalospluris #reformaenergetica 10 603 90 #jalisco #mexico #noalospluri FJ&0D!j&DjK&TD!<UVK&FVe@!FV!Kje! &0UDJ02"FDA! 45*(6%)7*7%8! 0% F(0% HH% F(0% HJ% F(0% HK% F(0% HG% o! +! \! \! +! n! o! +! o! +! n! o! [! o! p! \! +! \! k! \! +! +! p! o! +! +! +! +! +! +! p! n! n! \! +! +! +! [! +! \! +! +! +! +! n! \! k! k! d! \! +! +! +! +! +! +! [! +! +! +! G()G8(M)!8G(8!G(4-!(!$-.85(*38L! 3.M!G#N!1(.L!.#6-)!17)8!M#! O!.#6-Q!$-.85(*38L!(.6!8G(8!(5-! 6(LA!! eVK"&0FKf!T"e&Ke"!Kj&V!te"UA! .6! (.! 31:#58(.8! 5-*(83#.)G3:! (*38Lb!$!&0'&($."1,$:0,#0%.&"$&.0 &.&0,#0>,%0'!"('&0)=0!"/,(%0"0 !&0!"#!$"%0 ,#0 -#&+0 .&5&"$&+1:0

L!8#!$#.$-:8)!8G(8!(5-!.#8!7)-6! 8!$-.85(*38L!(.6!8G-L!(5-!7)-6! $(.!H3.6!$#.$-:8)!8G(8!(::-(5! (58!#H!$*7)8-5)!P)7'M5#7:)Q!H#5! N-!)G#N!8G-)-!$#.$-:8)!()!N-! 3.! 8G-! .-?8! )-$83#.A! D#1-! #H! )! G()G8(M)! ()! 3.! 8G-! $()-! #H! 21/-0123 '(*(+,()-22/-0123 is 66 1 27 #intelecto #mexico #noalospluris #revoluciondel-intelecto #saltillo 27 48 306 262 26 23/-0123 '(*(+,()-2./-0123 is 9 95 1724 #mexico #noalospluris 24 366

(10)

B3MA!pA!&4-5(M-!#H!$-.85(*383-)!#'8(3.-6!H#5!-($G!$#.$-C3! K->%.)-5#0 aG-.! 8G-! 8N--8)! #H! (! :(583$7*(5! 8#:3$! (5-! 13MG8! (::-(5! *3O-! 3H! 8G-L! (5-! 63)#5M(.3S-6! N38G $-.8-5! NG-5-! 38!:5-4(3*)!#.*L! 8G-! ):#.8(.-38L! (. c78/!NG3*-!8G-!8N--8)!(5-!)-8!3.!#75!13.6!*3O-!(!) #5!3.)-$8)!(88($O3.M!355(83#.(**L/!()!8G-!1-(.3.M! H3.6! 8G(8! 8G-! 3.8-53#5! #H! 8G-! .-8N#5O! 3)!#5M(.3S-$5-(834-/! (! W#6".20 ,($&11,%&('&XA! F.! 8G3)! *#M3$ &5I73**(! (.6! "#.H-*68! hk\i/! 8G-! )N(51! 5-($G-) -HH-$834-.-))! (.6! 38)! M5-(8-5! (88($O! :#N-5! NG-1-1'-5)! (5-.`8! 8#M-8G-5! 8#! $#1'(8! 8G-35! H#5 $#.$-.85(8-!#.!8G-!63):-5)3#./!)G(53.M!31:#58(.8! 38!$(.!5-($G!G3)!H3.(*!6-)83.(83#.A! F.!#56-5!8#!(.(*LS-!8G-!$#1:#)383#.!#H!#75!$ 6-$36-6! 8#! (::*L/! 3.! T-:G3/! 8G-! 1#67*(538L! (**#N)!8G-!43)7(*3S(83#.!#H!)7'M5#7:)A!F.!8G3)!N(L •! [g!$#117.383-)!H#5!@-$-1'-5!o!(.6!@-$ •! [n!$#117.383-)!H#5!@-$-1'-5![]/!! •! d]!$#117.383-)!H#5!@-$-1'-5![[!(.6!@ •! [d!$#117.383-)!H#5!@-$-1'-5![oA! K&c0e!\A!Je"<eVK&Te!,FVF,2,!&V@!,&wF,2,!UB!aU"@ Kje!T"U2J!UB!<U,,2VFKFeD!&V&0fte@!BU"!e&<j!@&f!&D! UcK&FVe@!BU"!Kje!<U,,2VFKf!<UVK&FVFVT!_VU&0 - '(*- .- '(*- 21- '(*- 22- '(*- 20-' 9767+:+-

;()*(6%"&(-]Add! ]Ao! ]Adp -]A\n! ! ]A <()*(6%"&(- =>)- *>++:67%8- *>6%"7676&- ?6>"@>#;@:)7#-2ABA- 22BCD-! 2ABDA! ! 22BE2-! 2E 9"57+:+-

;()*(6%"&(-2ABA- [\Akp! 2ABDA! [kA]o! 2E

KG-! .71'-5! #H! $#117.383-)! 3.! -($G! $#5:7 3.8-5-)83.M! N38G#78! 5-43-N3.M! 8G-! :-5$-.8(M-! $#1:#)-! 8G-! $#117.383-)! #H! -($G! 6(LA! D#/! N-" #"" $"" %"" &'"" &("" ! "# $ %& %# ' () %* + & ,# ) -. / (0 & -# / (0 * 1 & ) ! * ,2 (+ & -(% %& 1 # ) + (! " 2* + & ) + # -& 0,* 0( * 0* -! * 1 * ! & %3 2( 0& ! ,& -# )* ! # 4 * )# 1 * + & ,# ) ' # 1 2# ! & %3 2( 0* ,# ! ,# )# 1 2* 0( 5 1 0& 1 ' ,# )& -:8A! (.(*LS-6! 8G-L! G#78! (! ):-$3H3$! .6! 8G-! (.(5$GLA! )N(51!#H!'356)! #H!KN388-5/!N-! -6/! 5(83#.(*! (.6! $/! ($$#563.M! 8#! )! 38)! 1(?3171! -.! 8G-! .-8N#5O! 5$-)/! '78! 8G-L! 3.H#51(83#.!)#! $#5:7)!N-!G(4-! (*M#538G1! 8G(8! L!N-!G(4-b! $-1'-5![k/!! -$-1'-5![d/!! @D!UcK&FVe@!BU"! Kje!Je"<eVK&Te! 0UDJ02"FD! '(*- 23- '(*- 2.- Ak\ -[Ak\ -EB20- 0FBD3-EB20! 0FBD3-7)! 3)! .#8! 4-5L! #H! N#56)! 8G(8! -! H3.6! 8G(8! 8G-! '3MM-)8! (MM*#1-5(83#.! #H! N#56) d\/gkl! H#7.6! #.! @-$-1'-5! [o/ :-5$-.8(M-! 3)! H#7.6! #.! 8G-! H35)8! 6 8G-!*()8!6(L!8G-5-!3)!(!$57$3(*!6313. \QA!! cL! (.(*LS3.M! 8G-! $#117. $#.$-.85(83#.!#H! N#56)! N-! H3.6!8 3)! 3.! 8G3)! $#117.383-)A! F.! 8G-! K( (.6! 1(?3171! :-5$-.8(M-! #H! $#117.383-)! (.(*LS-6! :-5! 6(LA! :-5$-.8(M-! #'8(3.-6! H#5! 8G _.#(*#):*753)!NG3$G!3.!)#1-!6(L) $#55-):#.6)! 8#! 8G-! $#117.38L! N N#56)A! D--! &::-.63?! H#5! (! 1#5- :-5$-.8(M-!#H!N#56)!#'8(3.-6!'L!-$#117.383-)!$#.8(3.3.M!_.#(*#): \!3.!#56-5!8#!)G#N!8G(8!,$L#0()$0(& ').5-#0>-$0)(1:0$!&0')22-(,$,&#06 $)0>&0">1&0$)07()602).&0">)-$0$!& H#7.6! 8G-! )7'M5#7:)! P$#117.383 N#56)! 8G(8! G-*:! 8#! 63)(1'3M7(8-! 8G-! -.835-! $#5:7)A! &*)#/! 8G-! _.#(*#):*753)!G()!(*1#)8!(**!8G-!$ 8G3)! N(L/! N-! H3.6! 8G(8! $#.$-:8)! $#.$-.85(8-6!3.!8G-!)(1-!$#117. U75! 5-)7*8)! )G#N! 8G(8! 38! 3)! .# 8N--8)!8#!O.#N!('#78!8G-!8G-1-!' G(4-! 8N--8)! 8G(8! (5-! 3.$*76-6! N3 G(43.M! )#1-8G3.M! 3.! $#11#.A! $#.$-.85(8-! #75! (88-.83#.! 3.! '3M 5-853-4-! 8G-! 1(3.! $#.$-:8)! $#117.383-)! N38G! (! :-5$-.8(M 31:#58(.8!$#.$-:8)!()!8G-L!:5#436 ('#78!8G-!8N--8)A!! ZFFA! <UV KN388-5! G()! '-$#1-! (! 8##*! 85(.)H#513.M! 8G-! $7*875-! (.6! $ 7.H3*8-5-6! (.6! 6-$-.85(*3S-6! :(58 8G(8! 8G-! 1-))(M-! 3)! 8G-! 1-6371! H($8#5! #H! $7*875(*! 85(.)H#51(83#. NG-.! 38! M-8)! 31:*-1-.8-6A! D7$G! dk[Ap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o/![[/![k!(.6![o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j#N-4-5/! M-! ('#4-! []l! $#.$-.85(8-! 6-!1#5-!)-1(.83$!3.H#51(83#.! V<02DFUVD!! N38G! (! M5-(8! )#$3(*! 31:($8! $5-(83.M! (! .-N! 1-6371! H#5! 83$3:(83#.A! ,$07G(.! )7MM-)8)! (.6! 8#! 8G3)! -?8-.8! 8G-5-! 3)! (! .! 8G(8! -($G! 1-6371! $(7)-)! 3)! 8G-! $()-! #H! KN388-5/! N38G! 6!8G-!N#5*6/!3)!(!1-6371!8G(8! 5(.)H#51)!8G-!$7*875-!hkniA!F.! ::*L3.M!*3.M73)83$!(.(*L)3)!#.! 83$(*! )857$875-)! (.6! )876L! 8G-! #H! :5-63$83#./! M5#7:3.M! (.6! H!(!$-58(3.!1#4-1-.8A! 1-8G#6#*#ML/! '()-6! #.! 8G-! .(*L)3)! PDV&Q! 8#! $G(5($8-53S-! #.!KN388-5A!KG-!1-8G#6#*#ML! 7:)! 3.! NG3$G! 8G-! 3.8-5($83#.! 7*(5*L! 3.8-.)-/! (**#N3.M! 8#! 383-)!3.!$-58(3.!)7'=-$8)!(.6!8#!

(11)

-?85($8! )-1(.83$! H5#1! 8G-! .-8N#5O! ()! N-! )876L! 8G-! $#.H#51(83#.!#H!$*7)8-5)A! U75! )876L! )G#N)! 8G-! 31:#58(.$-! #H! (.(*LS3.M! )7'M5#7:)! 8G(8! G(4-! 1#5-! 8G(.! []l! #H! N#56)/! #4-5! (! :-53#6! #H! 831-/! 3.! #56-5! 8#! -?85($8! )-1(.83$! 3.H#51(83#.! ('#78! 8G-! 8N--8)! ()! 38! :5#436-)! (! '-88-5! 63)(1'3M7(83#.! #H! 8G-! $#5:7)A! F.! 8G3)! N(L/! H7875-! N#5O! )G#7*6! (.(*LS-! 8G-! )-*-$83#.! #H! 8N--8)! H5#1! (! $#5:7)!'()-6!#.!$-.85(*38L!(.6!)7'M5#7:)!3.!#56-5!8#!-*313.(8-! 8N--8)!8G(8!6#.`8!G(4-!(.L!5-*(83#.!N38G!8G-!1#4-1-.8!)8763-6A! KG-! $#1:#)383#.! #H! $#5:7)! N38G! '3M! 6(8(! )G#7*6! :5#436-! 1-$G(.3)1)! 8#! -.G(.$-! 8G-! :5#'('3*38L! #H! #'8(3.3.M! 5-*-4(.8! 3.H#51(83#.A! B7875-! N#5O! )G#7*6! $#.)36-5! 8G-! 5#*-! #H! 7)-5)! PH5#1! 3.634367(*! 8#! M5#7:! '-G(43#5Q! 8G(8! 3)! 5-*-4(.8! H#5! )#$3(*! 6L.(13$)A!F.! 8G3)! N(L/! 8G-! )876L! #H! 7)-5! M5#7:)! 38`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eBe"eV<eD!

h[i! K71()=(./! &A/! D:5-.M-5/! KA/! -8! (*A! Pd][]QA! WJ5-63$83.M! e*-$83#.)! N38G! KN388-5b! aG(8! [\]! <G(5($8-5)! "-4-(*! ('#78! J#*383$(*! D-.831-.8/X!

M($&.("$,)("10 DDDM0 C)(=&.&('&0 )(0 9&>1)%#0 "(+0 K)',"10 N&+,"/!

a()G3.M8#.!@</!T-#5M-!a()G3.M8#.!2.34-5)38L/!::A![pg+[gnA! hdi! j#.-L$788/! <A/! (.6! j-553.M/! DA! <A! Pd]]mQA! Wc-L#.6! 13$5#'*#MM3.Mb!

<#.4-5)(83#.!(.6!$#**('#5(83#.!43(!KN388-5/X!OP(+0Q"6",,0M($&.("$,)("10

C)(=&.&('&0)(0K:#$&20K',&('&#/![+[]/!j(N(33A!

hki! <7.G(/!eA/!,(M.#/!TA/!<#1(5-*(/!TA/!&*1-36(/!ZA/!T#.z(*4-)/!,A!&A/!{! c-.-4-.78#/! BA! Pd][[QA! W&.(*LS3.M! 8G-! 6L.(13$! -4#*783#.! #H! G()G8(M)! #.! 8N388-5b! (! *(.M7(M-+'()-6! (::5#($G/X! R.)'&&+,(%#0 )=0 $!&0 9).7#!)50

)(0S"(%-"%&0,(0K)',"10N&+,"0ISKN0PTUUJA!::A!ng+onA!

h\i! <7.G(/! eA/!,(M.#/! TA/! &*1-36(/! ZA/!T#.z(*4-)/! ,A! &A/! {! c-.-4-.78#/! BA! Pd][dQA! W&! M-.6-5! '()-6! )876L! #H! 8(MM3.M! '-G(43#5! 3.! 8N388-5/X!!

R.)'&&+,(%#0 )=0 $!&0 PV.+0 DCN0 ')(=&.&('&0 )(0 Q:5&.$&@$0 "(+0 #)',"10 2&+,"A!::A!kdk+kd\A!&<,A!

hni! "#1-5#/! @A/! ,--6-5/! cA/! (.6! r*-3.'-5M/! yA! Pd][[QA! W@3HH-5-.$-)! 3.! 8G-! 1-$G(.3$)! #H! 3.H#51(83#.! 63HH7)3#.! ($5#))! 8#:3$)b! F63#1)/! :#*383$(*! G()G8(M)/!(.6!$#1:*-?!$#.8(M3#.!#.!KN388-5/X!M($&.("$,)("109).1+09,+&0

9&>0C)(=&.&('&0I9990PTUUJA!jL6-5('(6/!F.63(A!!

hoi! <G-N! <A/! (.6! eL)-.'($G! TA! Pd][]QA!WJ(.6-13$)! 3.!8G-! (M-! #H! KN388-5b! <#.8-.8!(.(*L)3)!#H!8N--8)!6753.M!8G-!d]]m!j[V[!#78'5-(O/X!RS)K0WFX! nP[[Qb!-[\[[gA!6#3b![]A[kp[Y=#75.(*A:#.-ATTUOUUY!!

hpi! "#653M7-)!cA/!TA!&A/!D3*4(/!FA!DA/!t(O3/!,A/!,-35(!y5/!aA/!J5(8-)/!"A!UA/!{! Z-*#)#/!&A!Pd][dQA!W<G(5($8-53S3.M!8G-!-HH-$834-.-))!#H!8N388-5!G()G8(M)! 8#! 6-8-$8! (.6! 85($O! #.*3.-! :#:7*(83#.! )-.831-.8/X! R.)'&&+,(%#0 )=0 $!&0

PTUP0DCN0"((-"10')(=&.&('&0&@$&(+&+0">#$."'$#0)(0Q-2"(0Z"'$).#0,(0 C)25-$,(%0K:#$&2#0X@$&(+&+0D>#$."'$#A!::A!dod[+dodoA!! hgi! t(::(43M.(/!,A!Pd][[QA!W&1'3-.8!(HH3*3(83#.b!&!*3.M73)83$!:-5):-$834-!#.! KN388-5/X!F&602&+,"0[0#)',&$:/![kPnQ/!pgg+g]oA! hmi! c57.)!&A!(.6!c75M-))/!yA!eA!Pd][[QA!WKG-!7)-!#H!KN388-5!G()G8(M)!3.!8G-! H#51(83#.! #H! (6! G#$! :7'*3$)/X! \$!0 X-.)5&"(0 C)(#).$,-20 =).0 R)1,$,'"10 ]&#&".'!0E&(&."10C)(=&.&('&/!2.34-5)38L!#H!F$-*(.6/!"-LO=(43OA! h[]i! jL*(.6/! r/! {! K)-/! J! Pd]]\QA! W,-8(63)$#75)-! 3.! ($(6-13$! N5383.M/X! D551,&+0S,(%-,#$,'#/!dnPdQ/![no;[ppA!

h[[i! <53)1#5-/! &/! ,(5O(..-./! "/! D8-HH-.)-./! ,! P[mmkQA! W,-8(63)$#75)-! 3.! :-5)7()34-! N5383.Mb! &! )876L! #H! 8-?8)! N5388-.! 'L! &1-53$(.! (.6! B3..3)G! 7.34-5)38L!)876-.8)/X!9.,$0C)22-(/![]P[Q/!::A!km;p[A!

h[di! "7))-**/!&A!Pd][[QA!WKG-!&5('!D:53.M!e?85(+V(83#.(*!F.H#51(83#.!B*#N)/! D#$3(*!,-63(!(.6!8G-!d][[!eML:83(.!2:53)3.M/X!!M($&.("$,)("10^)-.("10)=0

C)22-(,'"$,)(/!n/![]A!

h[ki! J#-**/! KA/! 6-! r*#-8/! yA/! {! t-.M/! TA! Pd][kQA! Wa3**! 8G-! 5-(*! a-3'#! :*-()-! )8(.6!7:q!<G3.-)-!#.*3.-!$#.8-.83#.!(.6!($8#5+.-8N#5O!8G-#5L/X!C!,(&#&0

^)-.("10)=0C)22-(,'"$,)(/!::A![+[gA!

h[\i! T38*3./! KA! P[mg]QA! W_!&0 6!)1&0 6).1+0 ,#0 6"$'!,(%`0 2"##0 2&+,"0 ,(0 $!&0

2"7,(%0[0-(2"7,(%0)=0$!&0(&601&=$3<!2.34-5)38L!#H!<(*3H#5.3(!J5-))A!

h[ni! T-#5M(O#:#7*#7/!&A!Pd][kQA!WV(55(834-!(.(*L)3)!(.6!$#1:78-5+1-63(8-6! $#117.3$(83#./X! R."%2"$,'#0 )=0 C)25-$&.*2&+,"$&+0 C)22-(,'"$,)(A! e6)A!DA!j-553.M/!@A!D8-3.!L!KA!Z358(.-.A!c-5*%.b!,#78#./!::A!omn+p[nA!! h[oi! e7*-5!0A!P[p\[QA!WD#*783#!J5#'*-1(83)!(6!T-#1-853(1!D387)!J-583.-.83)/X!

C)22&($".,,0 D'"+&2,"&0 K',&($,".-20 M25&.,"1,#0 R&$.)5)1)1,$"("&/! ::A!

[dg+[\]A!

h[pi! D#N(! yA! P[mg\QA! WC)('&5$-"10 #$.-'$-.&AX! &663)#.+a-)*-L! J7'A/! "-(63.M/!,&A!

h[gi! B5--1(./! 0A<A! P[mpmQA! W<-.85(*38L! 3.! )#$3(*! .-8N#5O)b! $#.$-:87(*! $*(53H3$(83#.)/X!K)',"10F&$6).7/![PkQ/!::A!d[n+dkmA!!

h[mi! j-55-5#/!"A!Pd]]]QA!W0(!8-513.#*#M%(!6-*!(.|*3)3)!6-!5-6-)b!:5#'*-1()!6-! 6-H3.3$39.!L!6-!85(67$$39./X!R)1a$,'"0:0#)',&+"+/!PkkQ/!::A![mm+d]oA! hd]i! j#8G#/!&A/!V}5.'-5M-5/!&A/!(.6!J((~/!TA!Pd]]nQA!W&!'53-H!)754-L!#H!8-?8!

13.3.M/X!S+/0Z).-2A!Z#*A!d]/!V#A![/!::A![m+odA!

hd[i! a3=(L(/! ZA/! e5N3./! &A/! T(*3.371/! ,A/! {! ,7*3(6L/! aA! Pd][kQA! W&78#1(83$! 1##6! $*())3H3$(83#.! #H! F.6#.-)3(.! 8N--8)! 7)3.M! *3.M73)83$! (::5#($G/X! PTUV0 M($&.("$,)("10 C)(=&.&('&0 )(0 M(=).2"$,)(0 _&'!()1)%:0

"(+0X1&'$.,'"10X(%,(&&.,(%0IMCM_XXJA!::A!\[+\oA!FeeeA!

hddi! ,(58%.-S/!ZA/!{!T#.S|*-S/!ZA!,A!Pd][kQA!WD-.831-.8!$G(5($8-53S(83#.!#H! (.!75'(.!-.435#.1-.8!43(!KN388-5/X!b>,c-,$)-#0C)25-$,(%0"(+0D2>,&($0

M($&11,%&('&30 C)($&@$*D6".&(&##0 "(+0 C)($&@$*H.,/&(0 M($&."'$,)(30 ::A!

km\+kmpA!D:53.M-5!F.8-5.(83#.(*!J7'*3)G3.MA!

hdki! c-585(.6/!rA!tA/!c3(*3O/!,A/!Z356--/!rA/!T5#)/!&A/!{!c(5+f(1/!fA!Pd][kQA! WD-.831-.8! 3.! V-N! f#5O! <38Lb! (! G3MG! 5-)#*783#.! ):(83(*! (.6! 8-1:#5(*! 43-NB<0".d,/`UVTY3eTUT!P&7M7)8!d]/!d][kQA!

hd\i! 0(1:#)/! ZA/! 0(.)6(**+a-*H(5-/! KA/! &5(L(/! "A/! {! <53)83(.3.3/! VA! Pd][kQA! W&.(*L)3.M! 1##6! :(88-5.)! 3.! 8G-! 2.38-6! r3.M6#1! 8G5#7MG! KN388-5! $#.8-.8/X!".d,/05.&5.,($0".d,/`UVTO3eeTfA!

hdni! <G7.M/! yA! eA/! {! ,7)8(H(5(=/! eA! Pd][[QA! W<(.! $#**-$834-! )-.831-.8! -?:5-))-6! #.! KN388-5! :5-63$8! :#*383$(*! -*-$83#.)q/X! 930 G-.%".+0 [0 H30

])$!0 IX+#3JB0 R.)'&&+,(%#0 )=0 $!&0 _6&($:*Z,=$!0 DDDM0 C)(=&.&('&0 )(0 D.$,=,',"10 M($&11,%&('&0 IDDDM0 PTUUJ3! ::A! [pog+[pomA! ,-.*#! J(5O/! <&b!

&&&F!J5-))A!!

hdoi! @#66)/! JA! DA/! {! @(.H#58G/! <A! ,A! Pd][]QA! W,-()753.M! 8G-! G(::3.-))! #H! *(5M-+)$(*-!N5388-.!-?:5-))3#.b!D#.M)/!'*#M)/!(.6!:5-)36-.8)/X!^)-.("10)=0

Q"55,(&##0K$-+,&#/![[P\Q/!::A!\\[+\noA!

hdpi! T57S6/! &A/! @#35#./! DA/! {! ,(3/! JA! Pd][[QA! WF)! G(::3.-))! $#.8(M3#7)! #.*3.-q!&!$()-!#H!KN388-5!(.6!8G-!d][]!a3.8-5!U*L1:3$)/X!R.)'&&+,(%#0

)=0 $!&0 OO$!0 Q"6",,0 M($&.("$,)("10 C)(=&.&('&0 )(0 K:#$&20 K',&('&#A!

a()G3.M8#./!@<b!Feee!<#1:78-5!D#$3-8LA!

hdgi! r5(1-5/! &A! @A! FA! Pd][]QA! W&.! 7.#'857)34-! '-G(43#5(*! 1#6-*! #H! WT5#))! V(83#.(*! j(::3.-))X/X0 R.)'&&+,(%#0 )=0 CQM0 PTUTA! ::A! dgp+dm]A! V-N! f#5Ob!&<,!J5-))A!

hdmi! &'()$(*+,-.(/! "A/! 09:-S+U5.-*()/! eA/! {! t-:-6(+j-5.|.6-S/! yA! DA! Pd][kQA!W2)-5!M-.-5(8-6!$#.8-.8b!(.!(.(*L)3)!#H!7)-5!'-G(43#5!'L!13.3.M! :#*383$(*!8N--8)/X!W(1,(&0C)22-(,$,&#0"(+0K)',"10C)25-$,(%A!::A!k+[dA! D:53.M-5!c-5*3.!j-36-*'-5MA!

(12)

hk]i! c()83(.! ,A/! j-L1(..! DA/! y($#1L! ,A! Pd]]mQA! WT-:G3b! (.! #:-.! )#75$-! )#H8N(5-!H#5!-?:*#53.M!(.6!1(.3:7*(83.M!.-8N#5O)B<0M($&.("$,)("10DDDM0

C)(=&.&('&0)(09&>1)%#0"(+0K)',"10N&+,"A!

hk[i! j-4-53./! KA/! {! t($G/! 0A! Pd][dQA! W2)-! #H! 13$5#'*#MM3.M! H#5! $#**-$834-! )-.)- 1(O3.M!6753.M!43#*-.8!$53)-)b!(!)876L!#H!8G5--!$(1:7)!)G##83.M)/X!

^)-.("10 )=0 $!&0 D2&.,'"(0 K)',&$:0 =).0 M(=).2"$,)(0 K',&('&0 "(+0 _&'!()1)%:/!okP[Q/!k\+\pA!

hkdi! c()8#)! ,A! KA/! J7)$G1(..! <A/! K5(438SO3! "A! Pd][dQA! WKN--83.M! :#*383$(*! 63))-.8b! 5-8N--8)! ()! :(1:G*-8)! 3.! _B5--F5(./! _B5--Z-.-S7-*(/! _y(.dn/! _D:(.3)G"-4#*783#.! (.6! _U$$7:La(**D8/X! M($&.(&$B0 R)1,$,'#B0 R)1,':0

PTUP`0 G,%0 H"$"B0 G,%0 C!"11&(%&#;0 W@=).+30 R"(&10 \D`0 _!&0 D.">0 K5.,(%0 "(+0R)1,$,'"10H,##&($A!U?H#56b!U?H#56! F.8-5.-8! F.)83878-/!d][dA!4A!dA!::A!

[+d]A!

hkki! rN(O/! jA/! 0--/! <A/! J(5O/! jA/! {! ,##./! DA! Pd][]QA! WaG(8! 3)! KN388-5/! (! )#$3(*!.-8N#5O!#5!(!.-N)!1-63(q/X!R.)'&&+,(%#0)=0$!&0Ug$!0,($&.("$,)("10

')(=&.&('&0)(09).1+09,+&09&>A!::A!nm[+o]]A!&<,A!

hk\i! &5I73**(! yA/! "#.H-*68! @A! Pd]]kQ! WF&$6).7#0 "(+0 (&$6".#`0 $!&0 =-$-.&0 )=0

$&..).B0 '.,2&B0 "(+0 2,1,$"(':B<! D(.8(! ,#.3$(/! <(*3HAb! "&V@/! d]]k/! :A!

kg]A! hkni! U53G7-*(!yA!0A!Pd]]oQA!W0(!5-4#*7$39.!6-!*#)!'*#M)A!<7(.6#!*()!'38|$#5()! )-!$#.43583-5#.!-.!-*!1-63#!6-!$#17.3$($39.!6-!*(!M-.8-/X!S"0X#=&."0+&0 1)#0S,>.)#/!,(6536/!d]H'']o/!::A!dgkA!FDcVb!g\+mpk\+\mg+pA! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! &JJeV@Fw!! ! @-8(3*-6! :5-)-.8(83#.! #H! 8G-! :-5$-.8(M-! #H! N#56)! #'8(3.-6! 'L!-($G!$#117.38L!:-5!6(LA!B#5!-?(1:*-/!H#5!@-$-1'-5![[!N-! G(4-!d]!$#117.383-)!NG-5-!H5#1!8G-!8#8(*!.71'-5!#H!$#.$-:8)! -?85($8-6!H#5!8G3)!6(L! N-!M#8!8G(8!8G-!)1(**-)8!$#117.38L!G()! ]Adpl!#H!$#.$-:8)!NG3*-!8G-!'3MM-)8!G()![nAgnlA!! '(*-.- '(*-21- '(*-22- '(*-20- '(*-23- '(*2.-]Add! ]A\\! ]Aoo! [Ak[! dAod! \A[n! \A[n! \Ag! nA]d! nA]d! nAd\! nA\o! oA[[! gAnd! mAkm! mAo[! [[Apm! 2ABA-]Ao! ]Ao! dAmm! dAmm! dAmm! kAnm! \A[m! \Apm! pApg! mAng! mAng! []A[g! 22BCD-[kApp! [\Akp! ]Adp! ]Agd! ]Agd! [A]m! [A]m! [Ao\! dA[m! dA\o! kAdg! kAgk! \A[! \Ao\! oAdg! oAgk! pAkg! gAd! gAp\! gAp\! [[Apn! 2ABDA-]A\n! ]A\n! ]A\n! ]A\n! ]Am! ]Am! [Ag! dAdn! dAdn! kA[n! nA\[! oApo! oApo! pAd[! pAoo! pAoo! mA\o! [[Ado! 22BE2-[kA]o! ]Ak\! ]Aog! [Ap[! dA]n! dA\! kA]g! \Apm! \Apm! nA\g! nA\g! nA\g! oAn[! oAn[! pA[m! pA[m! gAm! []Adp! 2EB20-[Ak\! kAko! \A]k! \Ap! \Ap! oAp[! gA]n! gA]n! []A]p! [[A\[! [dApn! 0FBD3-!

Références

Documents relatifs

Thus, if a grain deposits onto the inner flank, it flows downwards toward the center, which again explains why α remains almost constant and only fluctuates between the angle of

Au cours d'entretiens d'explicitations, les lecteurs ont été confrontés à différents évènements orthographiques dont certains sont des graphèmes normés, d'autres sont

Alfredo and L'Excellent, Jean-Yves and Mary, Théo and Métivier, Ludovic and Miniussi, Alain and Operto, Stéphane and Ribodetti, Alessandra and Virieux, Jean and Weisbecker,

communicate with other nodes at that instant. Therefore node 34 plays the role of a spatio-temporal shortcut between node 31 and the other nodes. This result can be observed for

La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer le taux d’infestation par les nématodes gastro- intestinaux chez les ovins dans quelques élevages dans la région Centre du pays..

Magnaudet J., Eames I. 2000 The Motion of High-Reynolds-Number Bubbles in Inhomoge- neous Flows Ann. 1996 Experiments on the rise of air bubbles in clean viscous liquids J. 2002

The Branch and Bound algorithm deletes whole blocks of the search space whereas the Evolutionary Algorithm looks for the optimum in the remaining space and sends to the IBBA the

Nanda, “Linear programming for flood control in the iowa and des moines rivers,” Journal Of Water Resources Planning And Management, vol. Mosca, “Nonlinear control of constrained