• Aucun résultat trouvé

ANISOTROPIC THERMAL EFFECT ON Cd SINGLE CRYSTALS

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "ANISOTROPIC THERMAL EFFECT ON Cd SINGLE CRYSTALS"

Copied!
5
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: jpa-00226124

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00226124

Submitted on 1 Jan 1986

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

ANISOTROPIC THERMAL EFFECT ON Cd SINGLE CRYSTALS

E. Dartyge, A. Sadoc

To cite this version:

E. Dartyge, A. Sadoc. ANISOTROPIC THERMAL EFFECT ON Cd SINGLE CRYSTALS. Jour-

nal de Physique Colloques, 1986, 47 (C8), pp.C8-1085-C8-1088. �10.1051/jphyscol:19868212�. �jpa-

00226124�

(2)

JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

Colloque C8, suppl6ment au n o 12, Tome 47, d6cembre 1986

ANISOTROPIC THERMAL EFFECT ON Cd SINGLE CRYSTALS

E. DARTYGE and A. SADOC

L U R E ( C N R S , C E A , M E N ) , B 8 t . 2 0 9 D , F - 9 1 4 0 5 Orsay C e d e x , F r a n c e

R e s u m e : L ' e f f e t de l ' a g i t a t i o n t h e r m i q u e s u r l e s s p e c t r e s EXAFS d u c a d m i u m e s t e t u d i e p o u r 2 o r i e n t a t i o n s d i f f h r e n t e s d e m o n o c r i s t a u x e t e n f o n c t i o n d e l a t e m p e r a t u r e . L e s d e p l a c e m e n t s m o y e n s s o n t e v a l u e s p o u r l e s p r e m i e r s v o i s i n s a l ' i n t e r i e u r d u p l a n h e x a g o n a l e t h o r s d u p l a n h e x a g o n a l .

A b s t r a c t : T h e t h e r m a l m o t i o n i s e v a l u a t e d f o r o r i e n t e d Cd s i n g l e c r y s t a l s , a n d f o r t h e f i r s t s h e l l s o f d i s t a n c e s . A s e p a r a t e e v a l u a t i o n i s g i v e n f o r t h e E a t o m s o u t o f t h e b a s a l p l a n e a n d f o r t h e 6 a t o m s i n s i d e t h e h e x a g o n a l p l a n e .

I - I n t r o d u c t i o n

When s t u d u y i n g t h e l a t t i c e d i s t o r s i o n a r o u n d Z n Cu a l l o y s ( 1 ) w e r e c o r d e d t h e EXAFS s p e c t r a o f p u r e Z n s i n g l e c r y s t a l s a t v a r i o u s t e m p e r a t u r e s . f r o m 300 t o 60 K i n o r d e r t o e x t r a c t Z n p h a s e s h i f t s . Two o r i e n t a t i o n s w e r e c h o s e n , t h e h e x a g o n a l c a x i s p a r a l l e l t o t h e p o l a r i s a t i o n v e c t o r e o f t h e x r a y b e a m a n d t h e a / / e o r i e n t a t i o n . E v e n a t 60 K, t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e t h e r m a l m o t i o n s e e m e d i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e c / / e s p e c t r a s i n c e t h e i r a m p l i t u d e w a s s m a l l e r b y a p p r o x i m a t l y a f a c t o r o f t w o o f w h a t s h o u l d b e e x p e c t e d f o r t h e 6 Z n a t o m s l o c a t e d o u t o f t h e h e x a g o n a l p l a n e . ( t h i s w a s n o t t r u e f o r t h e a / / e s p e c t r a ) H o w e v e r , a n a n a l y s i s o f t h e t h e r m a l m o t i o n v e r s u s t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n w a s n o t p o s s i b l e b e c a u s e t h e c r y s t a l s d i d n o t s u p p o r t l o w e r t e m p e r a t u r e t h a n 60 k w i t h o u t b r e a k i n g . We r e p o r t h e r e s u c h a n EXAFS s t u d y o n c d o r i e n t e d s i n g l e Cd c r y s t a l s w h i c h s u p p o r t t e m p e r a t u r e s v a r y i n g f r o m 30 t o 300 K w i t h o u t a n y p r o b l e m . Cd c r y s t a l s h a v e a h . c . p . s t r u c t u r e w i t h a c / a r a t i o = 1 . 8 8 6 a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e , w h i c h i m p l i e s a l a r g e d i f f e r e n c e f r o m a c l o s e p a c k i n g o f Cd a t o m s . I n f a c t , a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e t h e f i r s t s h e l l o f 12 Cd a t o m s a r o u n d t h e c e n t r a l a t o m c o n s i s t s of 6 C d a t 3 . 2 9 A ( o u t f r o m t h e h e x a g o n a l p l a n e ) a n d 6 Cd a t 2 . 9 8 A ( i n t h e h e x a g o n a l p l a n e ) . T h i s d i f f e r e n c e f r o m an i d e a l h c p s t r u c t u r e i s g r e a t e r t h a n i n t h e c a s e o f Z n c r y s t a l s w h i c h w e r e s t u d i e d b y B r o w n e t a1 (1). T h e r e f o r e , t h e a n i s o t r o p y o f t h e t h e r m a l m o t i o n i s e x p e c t e d t o b e m o r e i m p o r t a n t i n c a d m i u m t h a n i n z i n c as was s h o w n b y T h u l k e a n d Rabe ( 3 ) o n p o l y c r i s t a l l i n e Cd : a t 77 k t h e y o b s e r v e d o n l y t h e Cd-Cd d i s t a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e 6 Cd i n t h e h e x a g o n a l p l a n e . The a b s e n c e o f a c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e o f f - p l a n e a t o m s was e x p l a i n e d b y a l a r g e d a m p i n g e f f e c t d u e t o t h e r m a l m o t i o n . I n f a c t , one o f us (4) h a s a l s o r e m a r k e d t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e z e r o s o f t h e p o l y c r i s t a l l i n e Cd a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f o n l y t h e s h o r t d i s t a n c e , t h e a m p l i t u d e i n t h e

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19868212

(3)

C8-1086 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

100-200 eV r a n g e cannot be w e l l f i t t e d using o n l y t h e 6 Cd-Cd p a i r s at 2.98 A : t h e s e c o n d d i s t a n c e had t o be t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t . So t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n of t h e Cd-Cd p a i r s a t 3.29 A i s not c o m p l e t e l y n e g l i g i b l e , even at r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e . However, as was p o i n t e d out b y T h u l k e and Rabe, it i s n e c e s s a r y t o do t h e m e a s u r e m e n t s on o r i e n t e d s i n g l e c r y s t a l s i n o r d e r t o m e a s u r e s e p a r a t e l y t h e t h e r m a l m o t i o n f o r t h e s e t w o d i f f e r e n t d i s t a n c e s .

I1 - Sample p r e p a r a t i o n and e x p e r i m e n t

The b u l k cadmium s i n g l e c r y s t a l s w e r e p r e p a r e d by J. Godard (5). They w e r e g r o w n w i t h a Bridgemann method, Laue o r i e n t a t e d , cut at - 0 . 1 mm t h i c k and t h e n etched t o obtain a p l a t e l e t of - 25 p . Two o r i e n t a t i o n s

w e r e c h o s e n : one c l a s s of c r y s t a l s h a d t h e a and e axes p a r a l l e l t o the s u r f a c e of t h e p l a t e l e t ( ( o l i o ) planes) and t h e o t h e r was c u t p e r p e n d i c u l a r t c t h e c axis, p a r a l l e l t o t h e hexagonal p l a n e (0001). The p l a t e l e t s w e r e put inside a c r y o s t a t , p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e x r a y beam.

A c c o r d i n g t o Beni and P l a t z m a n n (6) and c o n s i d e r i n g t h e hexagonal s t r u c t u r e of z i n c , c / / e EXAFS s p e c t r a g i v e a n e s t i m a t i o n o f a b s o l u t e m e a n s q u a r e d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e 6 Cd out of t h e b a s a l h e x a g o n a l p l a n e o n l y , and a / / e s p e c t r a , of t h e 6 hexagonal atoms w i t h a s m a l l c o n t r i b u t i o n of t h e o f f plane atoms. The s p e c t r a w e r e r e c o r d e d f r o m 300 K t o 3 0 K a t DCI w i t h a channel cut Si (400) m o n o c h r o m a t o r which gives a r e s o l u t i o n of about 15 eV at t h e Cd edge (26.7 keV). The EXAFS s p e c t r a w e r e obtained a f t e r s u b s t r a c t i n g a b a c k g r o u n d c o n s t r u c t e d b y smoothing t h e a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r a .

I11 - R e s u l t s and d i s c u s s i o n

(4)

F i g 1 s h o w s t h e EXAFS s p e c t r a f o r b o t h o r i e n t a t i o n s , F i g 2 t h e i r F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m s (FT). It c a n b e s e e n t h a t t h e a m p l i t u d e o f t h e c / / e s p e c t r a i s l o w e r b y a 2 f a c t o r t h a n t h e a//e, e v e n a t 3 0 k. T h i s c a n a l s o b e o b s e r v e d f o r t h e F T o b t a i n e d i n t h e s a m e c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e t w o o r i e n t a t i o n s . T h i s a m p l i t u d e c o m p a r i s o n i s m a d e f o r t h e c r y s t a l p a r a l l e l t o (0 110) p l a n e s . The FT c o n s i s t m a i n l y o f one peak ( 2 . 5 - 3 . 5 A ) . B e s i d e s a b u m p t o w a r d s l o w d i s t a n c e s d u e t o t h e s t r u c t u r e o f Cd b a c k s c a t t e r i n g a m p l i t u d e , a s m a l l peak a p p e a r s a t 7 0 K t o w a r d s l a r g e d i s t a n c e s f o r a / / e o r i e n t a t i o n , d u e t o t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e 6 o f f p l a n e Cd a t o m s .

DISTRNCES R YINDOW 1.08 1.38 7.05 7 . 3 2 flTonlc UNITS

DISTRNCES A WINWW . B I 1.00 7.08 7.82 RTORIC WITS

f i g 2

I n o r d e r t o e v a l u a t e t h e t h e r m a l m e a n s q u a r e d i s p l a c e m e n t a / / a n d ol

(D//

p a r a l l e l t o t h e b a s a l p l a n e , al c-oncerning t h e a t o m s o u t o f t h e b a s a l plane), t h e b a c k s c a t t e r i n g a m p l i t u d e s A T w e r e e x t r a c t e d f r o m t h e i n v e r s e F T o f t h e f i r s t s h e l l o f n e i g h b o u r s f o r t h e t w o o r i e n t a t i o n s a t t h e d i f f e r e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s

I n t h e c a s e o f h a r m o n i c a p p r o x i m a t i o n f o r t h e t h e r m a l m o t i o n , a / / a n d al a r e t h e s e c o n d m o m e n t s o f t h e g a u s s i a n d i s t r i b u t i o n f u n c t i o n o f d i s t a n c e s a n d t h e EXAFS m o d u l a t i o n x (k) i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o :

h'.lf .(k)l

C w e x p (-2R,/h) cxp (-2k2cr;) sir; [ 2 k ~ ~ i- sj(k)l

w i t h ~ j t h e h e a n d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n t h e c e n t r a l a t o m a n f t h e j U n e i g h b o u r s ; u . = 3 u / / o r 01, Bi t h e a n g l e b e t w e e n t h e p o l a r i z a t i o n v e c t o r a n d Ri, 6Sk) t h e p h a s e

-

-1

s h i f t a n d h t h e m e a n f r e e p a t h . F o r a s h e l l o f a t o m s h a v i n g t h e s a m e cs, t h e p l o t o f l o g ( A T / A o ) v e r s u s k 2 g i v e s a s t r a i g h t l i n e , t h e s l o p e o f w h i c h i s e q u a l t o

Z ( O ' ~ - G ~ O ' ) .

A.

1s

t h e a m p l i t u d e o f t h e f i l t e r e d

l S t

s h e l l a t t e m p e r a t u r e T ~ , A T a t t e m p e r a t u r e T. (Ratio method(7)).

The R a t i o m e t h o d i s a l s o u s e d e v e n i f a n o n n e g l i g e a b l e a m o u n t o f a n h a r m o n i c i t y i s p r e s e n t . I n t h a t c a s e , t h e h i g h e r o r d e r c u m u l a n t s o f t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n c a n b e e x t r a c t e d a n d

4

L O ~ ( A ( T ) /A ( T , ) ) ~ ~ L o ~ ( R ( T , )

/ R ( T ~ ) ) - ~ ( c ~ ( T ~ ) - c ~ ( T ~ ) ) ~ ~ + ~ / ~ c ~ ( T , ) ~

C, -

a:,?

C 4 a r e

cu~i>ulnn;s

cf

o r d e r

2

and

4

o f t h e

J i s t r i b u ~ i o z : .

(5)

JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

f i g 3 !

T h e f i g 3 s h o w s l o g CA(T)/A(To)l v e r s u s k' a t d i f f e r e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s f o r b o t h o r i e n t a t i o n s . I n t h e c a s e o f a / / e s p e c t r a , t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e l a r g e d i s t a n c e s w a s n o t s u b s t r a c t e d .

I t c a n b e s e e n i n f i g 3 t h a t h a r m o n i c a p p r o x i m a t i o n i s c e r t a i n l y n o t v a l i d f o r 185k a n d 3 0 0 k (al), n o r f o r 300k, a / / . H o w e v e r , as a f i r s t a t t e m p t of e v a l u a t i n g t h e t h e r m a l d i s o r d e r , o n l y h a r m o n i c a p p r o x i m a t i o n h a s b e e n a p p l i e d . T a b l e I g i v e s A D f o r t h e t w o o r i e n t a t i o n s a n d d i f f e r e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s .

T h i s t a b l e i n d i c a t e s u n r e a l i s t i c v a l u e s f o r h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s m e a s u r e m e n t s . It w i l l b e n e c e s s a r y t o c a l c u l a t e h i g h e r o r d e r c u m u l a n t s a n d t o u s e a m o d e l o f d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d i s t a n c e s o b t a i n e d f r o m a k n o w l e d g e o f phonon d i s t r i b u t i o n . I n t h e c a s e o f o l , r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e s p e c t r a do n o t e x t e n d o v e r a l a r g e e n e r g y r a n g e a n d s u c h an e v a l u a t i o n w i l l b e d i f f i c u l t .

1) A . FONTAINE, E. DARTYGE, G. TOURILLON, EXAFS a n d NEAR Edge S t r u c t u r e I11 Ed. H o d g s o n S p r i n g e r 1984, P 403.

2) G.S BROWN, PrEINSENBERGER, P. SCHMIDT S o l i d S t a t e Com. 2 4 201, 1977.

3) W. THULKE, P. RABE, J P h y s C 16 L 9 5 5 ( 1 983)

.4) A . SADOC, P.LAGARDE, G.VLAIC, J P h y s . C . S o l . S t . P h y s 1 8 2 3 (1985)

5) J.GODARD, L a b o r a t o i r e d e P h y s i q u e des S o l i d e s , U n i v e r s i t e P a r i s Sud 91405 O r s a y Cedex.

6) G.BENI a n d P.M PLATZMAN P h y s Rev B f i 1515 (1976)

7) G.BUNKER NIM, 4 3 7 (1983)

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to