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Choosing Representative Slices of Program Execution for Microarchitecture Simulations: A Preliminary Application to the Data Stream

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HAL Id: inria-00476687

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00476687

Submitted on 27 Apr 2010

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Choosing Representative Slices of Program Execution for Microarchitecture Simulations: A Preliminary

Application to the Data Stream

Thierry Lafage, André Seznec

To cite this version:

Thierry Lafage, André Seznec. Choosing Representative Slices of Program Execution for Microar-

chitecture Simulations: A Preliminary Application to the Data Stream. Workshop on Workload

Characterization, Sep 2000, Austin, Texas, United States. �inria-00476687�

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