• Aucun résultat trouvé

Statistical analysis of correlations and intermittency of a turbulent rotating column in a magnetoplasma device

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "Statistical analysis of correlations and intermittency of a turbulent rotating column in a magnetoplasma device"

Copied!
11
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-00001852

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00001852

Preprint submitted on 26 Oct 2004

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Statistical analysis of correlations and intermittency of a turbulent rotating column in a magnetoplasma device

Simone Magni, H. E. Roman, C. Riccardi, Th. Pierre, D. Guyomarc’H, P.

Devynck

To cite this version:

Simone Magni, H. E. Roman, C. Riccardi, Th. Pierre, D. Guyomarc’H, et al.. Statistical analysis of correlations and intermittency of a turbulent rotating column in a magnetoplasma device. 2004.

�hal-00001852�

brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication

(2)

021 +3

1

!"(54#67(

1

*,89&;: <6(!-(=> <*?A@!BC !

DFEHGJILKNMOQPSRTUE+VEHWXNY2ILM-PZR[CEFW\O^]_]`ILa9bOcPZRde-Ef<O^g_aha9gLPjiklEHm>noNXNY2ILa9]Lpje-PqiCILMbJfrEHkg_s'oM]ut'v

wyx{z}|~L€Qzƒ‚„†…€‡‰ˆLz‹Š<z^Œ†zch~ŽJ"…zƒ‘L„†yŒ†zƒ€H’~“ˆLz‹”zƒ•–~L…—‡˜c™zcu‡šuh~Ž

›

zœ~šuš~žˆ„†•ƒ•–~Ÿ-†zc„†…š~ž ¡Ž£¢¤L¥L¢¦§”¨zƒ•–~L…—‡šŽª©†€c~L•Z«

¬u­-~¯®†‡9~L€ ‡zƒy„

›

©9©u”°Ž{±r²³Ÿ5„†€´)…zƒ‘L„†uŒ†zƒ€’„´ˆ„

›

u‡‘L„†…—u„uŽ¥N ¯ 'µ¶·”¸~LyŒš„†zƒ•ƒ•^„uŽ(Š—h~L…—u„

¹yºCŒuŒš‡š†zœ~L€œzc‡…ž»¼½9~L€‡‚·˜±r»¾ºŽxC³Š¿±rŽ´±r»²&ˆ„À±~¯ˆ¯~L9~uÁ„uŽ

¥N '¥¤¡Â5Ÿ+€

›

~L¼½•C­)„h§x{¼9~L…—u„uŽŠ—9~L…—u„

ÃÅÄ¿Æ`ÇȁÉʾ˿ÌyÇ͚ÎÈuÏ¿ÐÒѯӽÐ`ԚÔ`Ñ¡Õ

ÖJ×Ø`ُڡۗܯÙ

Ý É¯ÈuÇ ÆšÞSßZȁÉàÇ Æ`Ç ÞSà Ç ÞSÌuƚ߯ƚá'ƚßZâNà ÞSàF͚ãÉ'ȁá'à ÞZÇQâ\äå'ÌyÇ å'Æ`Ç ÞSÍæá'à-ÞSáCÇ ç¯È<ÌyâLßSޖá'ɯÏÞSÌuƚߡá¯ÍæáNèéãÅå'à ÞZÍæáCɯÈuêNÞSÌyÈ(ëqì£Þ–àÇÏƚ߃í

ÞSàîÈuÏ ã^͚Ïï>ȁÉð¸ñç'ȪÈyòNîÈuÏÞSï>ȁá¡Ç ƚß<àÈuÇóèœå¯îÞSà>ÞSï>î½ßZȁï>ȁá¡Çȁɨޖá͚ÏɯÈuÏ{ÇÍ/ÏȁƚÌç§Ç å'Ï Îå'ßZȁá¡ÇCÎȁçƁêNÞZ͚ÏôÞSá

Ç ç¯È>Ï ÍšÇ Æ`Ç Þ–á¯õ·îßSƚà ïôƪÌyÍæߖå'ï{áðñ<öÍ´É'Þø÷ÈuÏ ÈáÇ¿Ç å¯ÏÎå'ßZȁá¡ÇÏÈuõæÞSï>ȁà\Æ`Ï È>͚ÎÇ ÆšÞSá¯ÈÉùÌyÍšÏ Ï Èà îÍæáÉ'ÞSá¯õªÇͷǜöÍ

àȁßZȁÌyÇȁÉàÈuÇ à͚ãúêÒƚßSå'ȁàã^͚ÏÇ ç¯ÈªÆšá'ÍLɯȪî͚ÇȁáÇ ޖƚßrƚá'É¨Ç ç¯ÈªÎÞSƚàÞSá¯õ´ÍšãÇ ç'ÈlÌyÍæߖßZȁÌyÇ ÞSá¯õ2îßSÆ`ÇȚðùñç¯ÈUû'ÏàÇ

Ï ÈuõæÞSï{È¿ÉÞSàîßSƆâLàÆ>à ßZÍ_öúßZâ¡èéÏ ÍšÇ Æ`Ç ÞSá¯õÌyÍæßSå'ïôáªÌ9ç'Æ`ÏƚÌyÇÈuÏÞSüuȁɴÎLâôÇ ç¯È¿î'Ï Èà ȁá'Ìyȿ͚ãFÆ>à ç¯ÈÆ`ÏߖƁâšÈuÏúàÈuî½Æ`ÏÆ`Ç ÞSá¯õ

Ç ç¯È<îߖƚà ï{Æ¿Îå'ßSý\ãþÏÍæï#Ç ç¯Èúà ÌyÏ9Æ`îÈyèéÍ`÷·ßSƆâšÈuÏ(Ãéÿ'Ë-Õ9ÓšÇ ç¯ÈúßSÆ`ÇÇÈuÏrà ç¯Í†öÞSá¯õ\ÆàÇÏ Íæá'õÞSá¡ÇÈuÏï{ÞZÇÇȁá¡ÇÎȁç'ƁêNÞZ͚ρð

ñç¯ÈràȁÌyÍæá'É‹Ï ÈuõæÞSï>ÈÌyÍšÏ Ï ÈàîÍæá'É'àHÇÍÆörȁÆ`ýNßZâ¡èéÏ ÍšÇ Æ`Ç ÞSá¯õ¿ÌyÍæßSå'ïôá\ÞSá\öç'ÞSÌç‹ÌyÍæç¯ÈuÏ Èá'ÌyȾÞSàFßZÍæàÇHÞSáÇ ç¯È"î½ßSƚà ï{Æ

Îå'ßSý{ƚá'É·ÆàÇ Æšá'É'Æ`ÏÉ·ÉÞø÷åà ÞZêšÈúîÏ ÍLÌyȁàà¾Ç Æ`ýšÈà<îßSƚÌyÈÞSáªÇ ç¯Èÿ'Ë"ð¯ñç¯ÈàÈ¿ûá'ÉÞSá¯õæà"Æ`ÏÈ\à å¯î'îÍšÏ ÇȁÉUΡâUÇ ç¯È

ÌuƚßSÌuå'ߖÆ`Ç ÞZÍæá·Íšã—Ç ç¯È(å¯ÏàÇ<ÈyòNîÍæá¯ÈáÇ<͚ã—Ç ç¯È\Ç å'Ï Îå'ßZȁá¡Ç<à ÞZõæá'ƚߖà<å'à ÞSá¯õ/ƆêšÈßZÈuÇóèœÆšá'ƚßZâNà ÞSàúÇȁÌç'á'Þ¡å¯Èàð

"!# %$&('")"!*) +-,

(3)

degynb½oXhnan^gÒM]ÒglOþMMXNMénhO^XLM! "ÅI#hY2I2bg†s½Oþ]Òg$O%CILM¸O^Y& FXLa'uI¡M()yIht*yXùI#hg$yeg

nMbgÒauILMbO^MK“X#+hayILM HXNa'ùOþMY£XNahgJ]ÒXNY& "^g-,FP^ILahKLg/.09]`Iþg1 "^IhY2I‰]_XNM2KLnayI#hO^XNMÒE drX3heO%

gÒMb-PI>bg/uILO4^g_b2I¡MIþo59O%XFg^g_]$hahXNMOþ]bgÒMhO4o6n]$hnI#yOþXNM"O^Mheg‹]†o5^O^MbahOþ]`I½MXNM7.8én"hOþXNM2bg_sO^]_g

GJO4'yahIO49 HgÒa'éXLahY£gÒb-Erdegg/,7 HgÒahOþY2g_M:uI7hg$.n" ´O4O^Y& "þgÒY£gÒM:yg_blO^M·XNa9bgÒa;yX>X<yILO^MlI=yna'n"^g_M:

ahg_KNO^Y£gOþMJI·a9XuI#hO^MK ÅI9YIl]_X<^nY£M-E

> M*yeO4)?XNa9t@?(gô]ÒXNMhO^bgÒa)0?(X2bO%yO^M]$)hg/A‹X¾bO4h]ueI¡ahKNg ILahILY£g$yg_a_PH]_XNaha9g' FXNMbO^MKByXByeg

ILMXbg HXyg_M:yOÅI#<ILMbCyeg&OÅI9O^MKùXDyeg£]_X<%þgÒ]/yO^MK@ "ÅIEygLEªdeg^I#hgÒa9g$ôoO^g$^b!0?XJbO4FFgÒahg_M:

ynan"þgÒM:‹ahgÒKLO^Y£gÒPXLMgU]_XNaha9g' FXNMbO^MKByX2IB^XG?)–o(.óahXyI#yOþMK·]ÒX^nY£M3Héahg_KNO^Y£gIJILMb¨I&9gÒ]_XNMb

XNMgùOþMK?\eOþ]ueLhegù]ÒX^nY£M O%ªXNM"þoM?g`ILt(þoahXyI#yOþMKLHéahgÒKLO^Y£g@NOJE > M ahg_KNO^Y£gIUP;yegÒahg/g-,O4'´I

sNg$^X]ÒOPo!heg`ILaÅI`oLgÒaheILa "–o!9g ILahI#yOþMK@yeg&n"^tQ "ÅI9YI&éahXNYRyeg£D"STžahgÒKLO^XNM-EUdegéXNahY£gÒa

ahX#uI#hg>MgÒILa–o¸IôIùahOþKNO^b!HXboNPU?\eO4^g·OþM!yeg2D"ST IVyahXLMK/O^M:yg_ahY£O4hgÒM]†oX]Ò]_na_E > M‰a9gÒKNOþY2g

NCP5yeg "^IhY2IWn"^t&^X<9g\IþY2X'(I%HX"O4(]ÒXLegÒa9gÒM]_gUI¡MbùbO%' "ÅI`o5O^M:hgÒahY£O4'yg_M]_oLP5?\eO4^gOþMyeg

D"STbg_M"hOPo@6n]/ynIEyO^XLM")heXG?XuILMbILahb°bOPF—n"9OþsLg+HgÒeIšsOþXNaÒE

deg& I HgÒaôO%ôXNahKNILMO%Y_gÒb‰IéX<%þXZ?)_E > M“DgÒ]$hO^XNM >> yeg2g/,7 Fg_ahOþY2g_M(yI[hg/ªn" O%ahOþg$6o§bO%.

]Ònhg_b-ED½gÒ]/`E

>>>

O%úbg_sLXyg_b@yXlIUbg9]ÒahO4 yOþXNMX#Uyeg'yI#yO4'yOþ]`I"hX½X%gÒY& "^XšoLgÒbùILMb/D½gÒ]/`E

>]\

hX

yegUbO4h]_n"9O^XNM°X^heg{ahg$hn"PAÒEdeg9gªOþM]þnbgyeg{Y£XNY£gÒM:A\X;yeg6n]/ynIEyO^MK9O^KNMI#%ÒP_9n]ueI#

Y£g`ILM°sLI#^ng¡P`uILMbILahbbg_sOÅI#hO^XNM—Pa9tLg/?\Mg'UI¡Mb16+I#hMg'ÒP—IIBénM]$hO^XNMJXyegªayI¡bOÅIbO%'yILM]_g

b

éahXLYcyeg/]_gÒM:yg_aXyeg°]_o5þO^Mba9O^]ÒI¿bg†s½Oþ]Òg¡E deg°]`Iþ]Òn"^I#yOþXNM XT‹na''2g/,7 HXNMgÒM: ILMbLyeg

]ueILahIL]$hgÒa9O%Y`IEyO^XLM°X#^yegôOþM:ygÒa9Y2OPhgÒM]†oùX^heg{]ÒXNa9ahg$ HXNMbOþMK&hO^Y£g/.]hgÒa9O^g$O%) ahg$hg_M(hgÒb-EedO^MI#%þoLP

D½g_]$`E

\

]_XNM:uILOþM"Oyeg{]ÒXLM]þnbO^MK·ahgÒY2ILa9t5_E

fegh)feW-ijfe9klnm_fOOoh

>

MGJO%yahIcP)yegC ÅI9YI O4V ahXbn]_gÒbp'o#IL^ILahKLgYln"PyO% HX<^ILaBhXNna9]Òg¡PX< HgÒayIEyO^MK I#°Iq^XG?

a9g9nahgH

.artseu .v5w(x

YILaJ^I‹ahKNXLM·bO%9]ueILahKLgOþMyeg\Y2ILO^Mª]ueILYHgÒa[hn'uI¡O^Mg_b&¯o·eX2_ÅI¡Y2g_M(

gÒY£O%'hOþXNMMHy9gÒgôgLEjKE{z

.$|

éXNaY£XNahg>bg/uILO4%AJ†E

I eO^KNeQyayI¡M" I¡ahgÒM]_ot6X¯I#hO^MK2KNahOþbJO4CO^MhgÒayg_b!Fg/0?(g_gÒMCyeghXNnah]Ògª]ueILYHgÒaCILMb1hegªY2ILK#.

Mg/yO%Y_gÒb} "ÅI9YI/]ÒX^nY£M-E f<a9O^Y2ILa9o¸g$^g_]$ya9XNM"@Hy~

v g \ J{XšsNg_ah]_XNY2g&yeg&6X¯I#hO^MK* HXyg_M:yOÅI#<Xeyeg

O^MZ9gÒ]$hO^XNM‰KNahOþb ILMb O^XNMO%YÒgByegK¯IUO^M"9O^bgByeg ]ÒX<þnY£M-EQIAMgÒKNI#yO–sNg]ueILahKNghna' "^nlO%U]ÒahgÒI#yg_b

]þX<hg@hXMheg/IE,½O%´Xyegt^I#hgÒa_P[?\eO%^gyeg/O^XLM"´ILahgV HXXNa–o Y2ILKNMg/yO%Y_gÒb ILMb5]_XNM:yahO4nhg*hXÀI

(4)

V^g_]$ya9XNM"{ILMb¸O^XNM"CbahOPO^MQyeghILY2gªbO^a9gÒ]$hO^XNMI#yegyILY£g u sNg$^X]ÒO4oLP-]ÒXLM(hahO4nyOþMKhX

yegôa9XuIEyO^XLMùX;heg{]ÒX<þnY£M-E

>

Mheg9g>g/,7 Fg_ahOþY2g_M(ÒPheg "^IhY2IUeIeHgÒgÒMù]_XNM2MgÒbVyXheg^OþMg`I¡aD ILa'X# yeg]ueILYHgÒaHéX

^g_MKhe

. E€

YJ[¯oIU]ÒOþah]_n"ÅILaú]ÒX%^g_]$hXNaÒErdeg "^IhY2IôbOÅILY£g$hgÒaúO%D^O^Y£O4hgÒbyX

.

~l]_Y ¯oIUY£g$yI%þO^]

bO^I eahILKNY Hy^OþY2OPyg_aJ†P5 "^IL]Òg_bJIEOyeg>g_M(hayILM]ÒgôX;heg^OþMg`I¡ae ILa`E

>

M*yeO4e?¿I`oNPbO4FFn"hOþXNM/]`ILM*Hg

O^M¯sLg'hO^K¯IEygÒb¨O^M*yegWheILbXZ? X^yegW^O^Y£O4hgÒa ?\egÒahgWyegôO^XNMO%Y`IEyO^XLMt ahX]Òg'O%MX^XNMKLgÒa ahg$hgÒM:ÒE

O4he!yeg·KLahO^b¨tLg 7+6X¯I#yOþMKPayeg·]_XNM:yahX^ ILahILY£g$yg_a{ILa9gyeg FXhgÒM:yO^IX#Dheg´ILMXbg “I¡Mb

yeg+OÅI9O^MK·X{yegô]_X<%þgÒ]/yO^MK "ÅI#hg†E<degô]ÒXNa9ahg$ HXNMbOþMK·sLI#^ng$‹I¡ahg

W\gÒKLO^Y£gI

\

ILMb

.

\!

W\gÒKNOþY2gN" # \ ILMb $%

.v

\'&

degùg$^gÒ]/ya9XNMO^]yI#hnayIEyO^XLM bgÒMhO4oO%lY£g`I#hna9gÒb3yeahXNnKLe ICT"I¡MKNYlnOþaW ahX<HgLPn"9O^MK¸I!9O^M7.

K<þg@ O^Mq?\OPyežIC FX<^ILahO4Y`I#hO^XNM‰X . \ E9I‹M ILn7yXNY2I#yg_b IL]

nO4hOPyO^XLMq9o5'hgÒY O%´I¡bX< hgÒb-P[?\egÒa9g

yegn'yg$ " HgÒa.óY2X#yXNa“X*heg#Y2Xšs¡I"þg a9X<Fg I¡Mb yeg#X<9]ÒO4%^Xh]ÒX Fg#I¡ahg#Y2ILMILKNg_b ¯o?I T"I#

\ Oþg$?)(* a9XNKNahILYJE

g&ynb½o 'uIEyO^XLMILa9o1yO^Y£gla9gÒ]ÒXLahb"ôXeþgÒMK#ye,+ s@u .v x P)ahg$ ahg$hgÒM:hO^MKJg^g_]$hahXNMÀbgÒMhO4o

6n]/ynIEyO^XLM"I#) FXhO4hO^XNM

b

PyILtLg_MI#\g

nO^bO4'uI¡M()hO^Y£gO^M:yg_a9s¡I4.-/EDN(X#yetI[ILMbJk{[p9O^KNMI%

eI`sNgBHgÒg_MÀ]_XNM"9O^bg_ahgÒb—EdXNaa9gÒKNOþY2gWIªP ?g·eI`sNguI¡tLgÒM)-'/

€10

{ILMb¸XuILOþMgÒb

€#v

hgÒa9O^g$ Fg_a

ayI¡bOÅIa HX<hOPyO^XLMéXNa\k{[ hOþKNMI4ÒPI¡Mb

.Gv<v

hg_ahOþgO HgÒaayI¡bOÅIa HX<hOPyO^XLMéXNaeI[ hO^KLMI%_EdXNa¿a9gÒKNOþY2g

NCP5?(g>eI`sLgyILtLg_M-/2 ~ 0

I¡MbùX<yILO^Mg_b

sv

9gÒahOþgO HgÒa¿ahILbO^I` HX<9O4yOþXNMéXNa FX#ye/k{[#ILMb*I[

hOþKNMI4ÒE

$ m_9kOm_=kl lDm

g&ynb½o‰g$^g_]$ya9XNMÀbgÒM"9O4oC6n]$ynI#yOþXNM"435 Hb ! /'J6879H

b ! /'J:<;=79H

b

J?>_P ?\egÒa9g@;=7AH

b

J>O%yeg

Y£g`ILMôsLI#^ng(I#

b

PNI¡Mbl]`I#^]ÒnÅI#hgDég/? eO^KNegÒaY£XNY£gÒM:A"X35 H b ! /'J†Phn]ue´I{yeg 'yILMbILa9blbg†s½O^I#yOþXNM-P

BDC

E; 5 i >

R=Fói

P;?\eOþ]ueY£g`I9nahg$Wheg ILY& "þO4ynbg·X 6n]$hnI#yOþXNM"_P;yeg9tLg$?\Mg_PHGIJ; 5 v

>K

B v

C P

?\eOþ]ueùY2gÒIhna9geheg>Io½Y£Y£g$yaoX# yeg9O^KNMIcPILMb@heg=6+IEyMg$ÒPDL<M; 5 x >K

B x

C

P5?\eO^]ueùa9XNnKNeþo

yg$%4<n"(I#FXNn7Dheg ahg$hgÒM]ÒgX—g/,5ya9gÒY2Ig_sLgÒM:AHyhXE.]`I#%^g_bœI#[uILO4^gÒb ahX<I#O%þO4olbO%'hahO4nyOþXNM"AJ†E

deg t'nayX<9O%lO4ªa9gÅIEygÒb}yX1heg6+I#hMg'¯oON PLQR#E!dXNaU]ÒXNY& ILa9O%9XNM-P;heg/m{ILn"'hOÅI¡M HœXNa

MXNa9YI# JbO4'hahO%nyOþXNM eIGS

v

ILMbTLI#tHœOQEqg¡ENE

v

J†E

(5)

yeahXNnKLeQyegUbg/yg_ahY£O^MI#hO^XNMùX#^yegªTnaBHQT=J¿g/,7 FXLMgÒM:X#^yegU]_XNaha9g HXNMbO^MK&yO^Y£ghg_ahOþgHyhg_g

W\g$ E*z

€E|

IôIùKNg_MgÒahI¾ahg†sO^g$?JE´Wg_]Òg_M(þoLP I`sNg$^g$ôILMI–o79O%hX°]_XNY& nyg´T eIFg_gÒM‰I " "þO^gÒb

yXt6n]/ynI#hO^MK1hO^KLMI%yILtLg_M3éahXNY IthO^Y& "þg£Y2ILKNMg$yO4YÒg_b}yXLahn"ªILMb a9gÅIEygÒbMyXbO4FFn"hO–s½OPo z#

| E

> M*yegéX<%þXG?\O^MKP(?gUbO4h]_n")yeg9X#.]ÒI%þgÒbV?¿I`sLg^g/6n]$hnI#yOþXNM°ILMI–o5hO%+z#

|

P+ILMb°bO%9ahg_K¯ILahb*yeg

s¡ILahO^I"þg

b

éXNaO9O^Y& "^Oþ]ÒO4o£XrMXyI#yOþXNM-E

> MyeO4{?(I`sNgþg$¾ILMI–o79O%_PXLMga9gÒK¯I¡ahb" yeg[6n]/ynIEyO^MK=hOþKNMI'I#{yg$ "^ HgÒaéXNahY£gÒb+¯oªI\ayI¡MbXNY

?(I^t¡gÒaI^XLMK´I£XLMg>bO^Y£gÒMhO^XLMIU IEye-P?\egÒahgôO4O FXhO4hO^XNM/IE ygÒaH/ yOþY2gyg$ "‹O4X<yILO^Mg_b°I

H/'J2

.

-/

/ 3

5 H/PJ

& H . J

deg

nILM:yO4o H/'JO "^Išo5)yegôahX^gôX^heg a9X2_þgUI#hX]ÒO^I#yg_bQhX I&éahIL]$hO^XNMI N(ahXG?\MO^ILM°Y2XhO^XNM

HyNY@JPa?\eOþ]ueO%CI2KNg_MgÒahIY£Xbg éXNa^XNMKE.ayI¡MKNg{]ÒXNa9ahg$ÅI#hgÒb1?(I^t(z~ |

EdXNa‹Io5 Oþ]`I"g/,ILY& "^g

XI6n]$hnI#hO^MK& ahX#2_^g9gÒgôWg/ E{z# | E

deg_M-P;?g I`sNg_ayILKLg H /'JXšsNg_aªMXNM5.XšsNg_aÅI# " O^MKthO^Y£g£OþM:ygÒas¡I%{X ^gÒMKye 1DK -/P{?\egÒa9g

R-'/¿O%ehegyOþY2g-.KNahILO^M@9]`IþgôI#O?\eO^]ue*6n]/ynIEyO^XLM"\ILahgynbOþgÒb-PoOþg^bO^MKP

H J

.

R /

w

R

!

. ! H € J

?\O4he

."!$# !

OþM(H=+K% GJPDéa9XNY ?\eO^]ueL?(g°g_s¡IþnI#yg@hegV6n]/ynI#hO^XNM·X=9n]ue ]_X¯ILa'hg/.óKNayI¡O^Mg_b

?(I^t(ÒPbgÒMXhgÒb¨Ie2aCXLahbg_ae?¿I`sNg$^g/AÒPFIL]_]ÒXNa9bO^MKhX

L i

R

H J2M;AH

R H& GJ

' H J'J

i > H=#:J

?\eg_ahg ; &&$&>bgÒMXyg$[heg\I`sNg_ayILKNgOyILtLg_M£XšsLgÒaúI%½]ÒXNMhgÒ]_nyO–sNg\O^M:hgÒa9s¡I4)H# ! #)( . J†Edegg-,7 FXNMgÒM:

* ]`ILMFggyO^Y2I#hgÒbéahXNY hegg/,7 Fg_]$hgÒb@9]`IþO^MK{ahg$ÅI#hO^XNM—P L R

H J,+- /.E¾d"XªbO%hg_M:uILMK^g\O^M:ya9O^M"9O^]

6n]/ynIEyO^XLM"éahXLY heg@ a9g9gÒM]_g°X#) FX<'hO4"^g&yahg_Mb"·OþM}yegVhO^KLMIcPrXNMg2]`ILM I4hX!ynb½o eOþKNegÒa

XNa9bgÒaO?(IšsLgþg$A_P hn]ue¨I

L i

i

H& GJ ;Az

i

H& GJ €

R H& GJ

(

H& J

|i > Hy~(J

L i

v

H& GJ ;Az

v

H& GJ #

i H& GJ

( #

R H J

H& J

|i > H s J

?\eg_ahgheg‹IšsLgÒahILKNg ; &$&&>úILa9g HgÒaéXNahY£gÒb£XNM2]ÒXNM"9gÒ]_nyO–sNghahO4 "^g/AH # ! #0( . ! #1(C€ JúILMb

nILbahn5.

"þg$AWH

# !

#2( . !

#3(j€

!

#2(

#:J†Pa9g' Fg_]$yO–sNg$þoNE

deg¸Tna g-, HXNMg_M:/]`ILa9ahO^g$OþY HXNa'yILM:£O^MéXNa9YIEyO^XLM5I#FXNn7yegILnhX#.]_XNaha9g^I#yOþXNM"´Xyeg

hOþKNMI 53 H/'J_E > * 4 v &s

yeg&hOþKNMI9eXG?) HgÒa'hO%yg_M]Òg¡P¾OcEjgLE FX<9O4hOþsNg´]_XNaha9gÅIEyO^XLM"ÒE \ I^ngôX

(6)

* v &s * v &s

hOþKNMI—O%MX\]_XNaha9g^I#yg_b¨I_P"éXNag/,ILY& "þgLPéXNa\I?\eOPyg{MXNO4hg9O^KNMI#cE

S=yeg_a)Y2g/yeXb")eI`sNg Fg_gÒMª]_XNM"9O^bg_ahgÒbUO^Myeg "^IhY2IO^OPygÒahI#ynahg9yX]`I#^]ÒnÅI#hgTUP?\O4heUbO4FFgÒahg_M:

bg_KNahg_gúX#I¡]Ò]ÒnayIL]†o{ILMbhn]Ò]Òg$eHyhg_ggLEjKEez

€E|

J†E"deg?¿I`sLg^g/rILMI–o79O%-eI Fg_gÒM{bg9O^KNMgÒbyXbg/ygÒ]/

yahnþoHp"^XLMK#.]hO^Y£gC]_XNaha9gÅIEyO^XLM"O^MVyeg+9O^KNMIU¯oùgþO^Y£O^MIEyO^MKWyegôg/F—g_]$‹X; HX<9O%"þgyahg_Mb"_PFI¡Mb

heXNn"^bFgyeg_ahg$éXLahgY£XNahg‹IL]_]ÒnahI#yg=heILM X#yeg_a(Y£g$yeX½b"_E

>

MùILbbO4yOþXNMhX

*

P(yegO^M:yg_ahY£O4'ygÒM]_o

O^MyeghILY£g=yOþY2g-.0hg_ahOþgú]`ILMVHgO^M¯sLg'hO^K¯IEygÒbV¯oY2gÒILM"¿X)a9gÒ]_gÒM:'.óahg_sOþg$?gÒbt'uIEyO%yOþ]`I yXX<%=zsE| E

@ fm"l_m

W\gÒKNOþY2g$OI ILMb!N 9gÒg_Y hX2bO% ÅI`o@0?X bO4FFgÒa9gÒM: egÒMXNY2g_MX<þXNKNO^g$ÒEdeg9gª]`I¡M1HgW9gÒgÒY OþM

dOþKE

.

O^M1?\eOþ]ue!yegªY2gÒILM¨s¡I^ngXbgÒM"9O4oNPa9g^I#yO–sNgW6n]$hnI#yOþXNM"_P ht¡g$?\Mg$UILMb!6+IEyMg${ILa9g

heXZ?\M§I#CIénM]$hO^XNM°X<ahILbOÅI#{ HX<9O4yOþXNM

b E > M1hegW2KNnahg$ÒPFI%9Xheg HX<hOPyOþXNM/X9yegªbO^I eahILKNY

HyþO^Y£O4hgÒaJ<O%OþMbOþ]`I#hgÒb-E

degHgÒeI`sO^XNa\X{yeg+ ÅI9YIlOþM°a9gÒKNOþY2gI H hgÒg+dOþKE

.

J(a9g9gÒY"þg)yeg{XNMgôbgh]_ahO4Fg_bJOþMJW\g$ E

z

.|

EúD]uegÒY2I#yOþ]`I4þoLP7?gU]ÒILMJbO%'hO^MKLnO%9e@éXNnabOPF—g_ahgÒM:YÒXLMg

XNMg

. H v ! b

!

]_Y@J <degW ÅI9YIl]_XNahg¡P+I´]_XNeg_ahgÒM:^XG?p6n]$hnI#hO^XNM")uI#hgLE

XNMg € H ! b

! ]_Y@J <degUa9gÒKNOþXNM sNg_a9o/]$^X<9ghXyeg{]ÒX^nY£M}H Mg`ILa_pHD"ST{J†E

XNMg #tH ! b ! .. ]_Y@J I eO^KNeùOþM:ygÒa9Y2OPhgÒM:`PsLgÒao/MILaha9XG? ahg_KNO^XLMMH?\O4heO^MVhegUD"ST;JE

XNMg+~QH

b 4 . .

]ÒYJ <deg œILa_p+D"STahg_KNO^XLM-E

>

MCYÒXLMg

. P €

ILMbC~P`6n]$ynI#yOþXNM"CbO% ÅI`oJI Mg`ILa'þo:.m{ILn"'hO^ILM¨]ueI¡ayIL]/ygÒa_P ?\eO4^gªOþM1Y_XNMg#heg_o

heXZ? I

nI#^O4yI#yO–sNg$þoùbOPF—g_ahg_M(heI HgLE > M!yegWÅI#'yg_aÒP 6n]$hnI#hO^XNM"CILahgUbXNY£O^MIEygÒbQ¯o¨g-,7hahg_YI

g_sLgÒM:AO^MV?\eOþ]ue°IB^ILahKLg=éayIL]/yOþXNMùX{yeg>bg_M"hOPoNP"o5 Oþ]`I4þo£s½O4hnI#^O%Y_gÒb/I\I¡MJI¡ahY X#¾I O^ayI#z

.|

P

]`I¡MhXLY2g/yO^Y£gbg/uIL]uegCKNO–s½OþMKôahO%9gOyX^ILahKLgbgÒM"9O4o&"^X"ÒE¾deghg6n]/ynI#hO^XNM 9gÒgÒY yXôY£X½bOPƒo

yegôbO4FFn"hOþXNMVFg_eI`sO^XNa\O^MVheg{Mg`ILa'¯oVYÒXNMgLE

> M/ahg_KNO^Y£gNCP?gUbO%'hO^MKLnO%9eùg9gÒM:yO^I%–o0?Xa9gÒKNOþY2g$

XNMg . H v ! b

! ]_Y@J <degW ÅI9YIl]_XNahg?\eg_ahgôMXG? O^M:hgÒahY£O4'yg_M]_oO%O a9ghg_M:`E

XNMg

€ H b 4

]_Y@J degW9eILbXG? a9gÒKNOþXNM/O^MV?\eOþ]ueQyeg+ ÅI9YIlbO4 "^I`o7\MXLahY2I-bOPF—n"9OþsLg

HgÒeI`sO^XLaÒE

(7)

ð`Ê"Ä¿Þø÷ÈuÏ Èá¡Çï>Íæï>ȁá¡Ç à͚ãɯȁáà ÞZǜâªäå'ÌyÇ åÆ`Ç ÞZÍæá'àƚàÆ>ã^åá'ÌyÇ ÞZÍæá·ÍšãÉ'ÞSà Ç Æšá'ÌyÈNðì£ÈÆšá´ê`ƚßSå¯È ÏÕ

Ã^Ç͚î ßZÈuãþÇ9Õ9Ó¾Ï Èß–Æ`Ç ÞZêšÈ£äåÌyÇ å'Æ`Ç ÞZÍæá'à ÏմÃ^Î͚ÇÇÍæï.ßZÈuãþÇ9Õ9Ó<àýšÈuöá¯Èà à Ã^Ç͚îÀÏÞZõæç¡Ç9Õ9Ó<äÆ`Ç á¯Èàà2Ã^Î͚ÇÇÍæï

ÏÞZõæç¡Ç9Õ9ðñç¯ÈCîÍæà ÞZÇ ÞZÍæá£Íšã)Ç ç¯ÈßSÞSï{ÞZÇÈuÏêÌuïUÕÞSàޖá'É'ÞSÌuÆ`ÇȁÉ2Ρâ£Ç ç¯ÈCàç'ƚɯ͆öÈÉ ÎÆ`ρðÈuõæޖï>È Ý

Ã^Ç͚î£î½Æšá¯ÈßþÕ9Ó¯Ï ÈuõæÞSï{È ÃÅßZ͆öÈuÏúîƚá'ȁßþÕ9ð

(8)

Ý

Ç ç'ÞZÏ9Él͚ÏɯÈuÏ<ö¾ÆêšÈßZÈuǿƚá'ƚßZâNà ÞSàuÓ

v

ÁÕ9Ó½ðHÃæÕ9ð

W\XNnKNe"–o@' FgÒILt'O^MKPa9gÒKNOþY2g=I a9g9gÒY"þg‹I·drXNtILY2ILt ]_XNM2KLnayI#hO^XNMMH ?\egÒa9gUXLM"þo@hegUD"STO%

'hahXNMK<þoVhnan^gÒM:J†P_?\eO%þg{ahgÒKLO^Y£gWNphg_gÒY&‹]$^X<9gÒa)yX I¡M¸DGJd H?\eg_ahglI&'hahXNMK2O^M:yg_ahY£O4'ygÒM]_o

O% ahg9gÒM:UO^MCyeg´OþMMgÒa I¡a'{XDyeg·s¡IL]_nnY8]ueILYFg_aUI¡Mb‰OP>O%ya9O^]$þo¨]ÒXNa9ahg^I#yg_bMhX* "ÅI9YI

a9X½bn]$yOþXNM JE

degôT‹na'\g-,7 FXNMgÒM:AeI`sNgHgÒgÒM°gyOþYI#hgÒb/n"9O^MK?(I`sNgþg$CILMI–o5hO%(n" VyXyeOþahb7.óXNahbgÒaÒEdeg

ahg$hn"PA_P½]_XNaha9g HXNMbO^MK+yXyeOþahb7.óXNahbg_a?¿I`sNg$^g/AÒPV

E H s

JPILahgahg$ FXNayg_bO^MdOþKE

€

EdXNaahg_KNO^Y£gOIªP

6n]/ynIEyO^XLM"bO%' "ÅI`o * . H I%þO%yO^]bOPF—n"9O^XNM_JO^MVY_XNMg . PI·]_XNM"hg

ngÒM]_gªX{yegœIL]$OheI#Oyeg

"^IhY2I ahXyI#yg${IôI

nIhO.ahOþKNO^bQFXboLE > M}Y_XNMg

€ P ?gB2Mb * RH

v &~ s v &

s<s

J‹]ÒXNa9ahg$ HXNMbOþMK

yXVuILMbILahb§bOPF—nhO^XLM-E

> M Y_XNMg#P

* H v &<s

v & #:J HXNOþM(hO^MKyX°I@hn" HgÒa .bOPF—nhOþsLghOPynI#hO^XNM

]ÒXLM"hO4'yg_M:9?\O4heWyeg Oþ]$ynahgrXg-, n"%9gÒb"þX<""Xbg_M"hOPoNEdrO^MI4þoLPOþMWY_XNMg ~P * H v &<s v &<s J

]ÒXLahahg$ HXNMbOþMKQhX¨IV?g`ILt¡gÒa9n" Fg_a.óbO4FFn"hO–sNg&Fg_eI`sO^XNa_E deO%ô]`I¡MKHg2OþM(hgÒa' ahg/ygÒbIUI°a9ghOþbnI

bOPF—n"9OþsLgV ahX]Òg$B?\eO^]uežtLg_g "2Y2g_Y2XNaoX#hnan^gÒM:£]ÒXLM'sLgÒ]/yO^XLM éa9XNYcyeg/IFXšsLgJY£gÒM:yOþXNMg_b

bg/uIL]ueg_b1yahn]$ynahg_E

dXNa£ahgÒKLO^Y£gQN‹PD?geI`sNg§IMþO^KNe:A–ožILM:yO.0 HgÒa9O%ygÒM:hOþKNMI)?\O4he

* H v &# 1 v &~ s

JQH hn"5.

bOPF—n"9O^XNM_Je?\OPyeOþMthegôeX<^g{X^yeg+^OþY2OPygÒaH

b ]ÒYJ\ILMb * v &s H'yILMbILa9b¨bOPF—nhO^XLM J¿O^M°O4A

heILbXG? Hb 4

]ÒYJH dOþKE

€

JE

>

2O%£O^M:yg_ahgyOþMKMhXKynbo yegQ a9X<IO%^OPo bO4'hahO%nyOþXNM énM]$hO^XNM HQfkdJéXNaByegt FXhO4hO^XNM

b .Gv &s ]ÒY O^M yegJ]`I9g¨X>a9gÒKNOþY2gtIªP[?\eOþ]uebO%' "ÅI`o52I}œI#'.8uILO4 éXNa& FXhO4hOþsLgt6n]$ynI#yOþXNM"ÒE

> Mjheg1éX<4^XG?\O^MKP ?g]ÒXNM]ÒgÒM:hayI#hgn" XNM yegQ FX<9O4hOþsNgQhOþbg¨Xhegfkd(P[?\eOþ]ueO%2bO%' "ÅI`oNg_b

(9)

10 0 10 1

g

10 −7 10 −6 10 −5 10 −4 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 0

PDF(g)

g −3.5

y=0.3e −(ln(g/0.5)) 2

(Tsallis: q=0.81) (green line)

y=0.5(1−0.248(1−q)ln 2 (g/0.118)) 1/(1−q) (blue line)

ðLÊ)ñç¯Èúî'Ï ÍšÎÆ`ÎޖßSÞZǜâCÉ'ÞSàÇÏ9ÞZÎå¯Ç ÞZÍæáãÅå'á'ÌyÇ ÞSÍæá£Ã"Ä Õã^͚Ͼɯȁá'à ÞZÇQâäå'ÌyÇ å'Æ`Ç ÞZÍæáà)êšÈuÏà åà"à ÌuƚßZȁÉUê`Æ`ÏÞSÆ`ÎßZÈ

ÔNÓ¯ãþ͚Ï<Ï Èuõæޖï>È Ý Æ`ÇúÆ>ÉÞSàÇ Æšá'ÌyÈ

uÔ{Ìuï?Ã^͚îȁá·à Lå'Æ`Ï Èà9Õ9ðrñç¯ÈßSÞSá¯ÈàÆ`ÇúÉ'ÞZ÷ÈuÏ Èá¡Ç¾û'Ç à

ÇÍlÇ ç¯ÈÉ'Æ`Ç ÆNÊúî͆öÈuÏèœßSƆö Ã^Ï ÈÉ ßSÞSá¯È_Õ9ÓßZ͚õ`èœá¯ÍšÏïôƚ߾Ã^νßSå¯È‹ß–ÞSá¯È_Õ9Óƚá'É2Ælï>ÍNÉ'ÞZûȁɣßZ͚õ`èœá¯ÍšÏ9ï{ƚß<Ã^õšÏ Èuȁá ßSÞSá¯È_Õ9ð

ñç¯ÈÈyòNî'Ï Èàà ÞZÍæá'à<å'à ȁɷÆ`Ï È\Ï ÈuîÍšÏ ÇȁɴޖálÇ ç¯Èû'õæå¯Ï Țð

O^M3dO^KE #E§deO4 ILa'hO^]_n"ÅILa+heI FgùX#heg/fkd eIHgÒg_Mq2"hgÒb-PéXNalO4%þn"'hayI#hO^XNM-P"n"9O^MK!heahg_g

bOPF—g_ahgÒM:énM]$hO^XNMI#{éXNa9Y I@ FXG?gÒa.]ÅI?{PIuILMbILahbCþXNK#.óMXNahY2I)ILMb§I Y2XbO42gÒb1þXNK#.óMXNahY2IQE

degtÅI#'yg_a£O4£I9nY2g_b hX}Hg/X=hegtéXLahY XIÀdOhI%þO%·bO4'hahO%nyOþXNMpHy9gÒg¨g¡EqKEW\g$ E%z

E|

J†E

>

2O%

I " ILahg_M(éahXLY dO^KE#BheI#‹IB FXG?gÒa.]ÅI? O4MX‹]ÒXNM"9O%ygÒM:?\O4hethegW ÅI9YI·bI#yIPg/,½]_g éXNaI

sNg_a9o¸MILaha9XZ? ahg_KNO^XLM¸X[yeg9]`IþgÒb¸s¡ILahO^I"^gHEWI þXNK#.óMXNahY2I heI Fg£I ahX,½O^Y2I#yg$=yeg "ÅI9YI

fkd Hg$'ygÒanœILO%4\I#yegUg/,5ya9gÒY2I; ILa'‹X^hegWyILO%QE¿degUY2X<=hI#yO4'œIL]/yXNaoV2"‹O%X<uI¡O^Mg_b

n"9O^MK£I´Y2XbO42gÒbV^XLK#.MXLahY2IcE"deO%OHgÒeIšsOþXNa\ahgÒY2ILOþM" yXBHg{nMbg_a'hX½Xb-E

geI`sNg\]ÒXNMhO^bgÒahg_b&heg

ngyOþXNM´XHO^bg_M(hO4ƒoO^MKyegO9eI HgX naAO^MhegOhOþKNMI4)Hœ]/éaÒENW\g$ E

zsE|JE(d"XbXByeO%ÒP+I&na''‹O%\bg$2MgÒb¸I#‹I6n]/ynIEyO^XLMQ?\eOþ]ue¨XšsNg_ah]ÒXLY2g$heg+heahg$heX^b@#

B

_P+I¡Mb

HgÒa'éXLahYAILMùI`sNg_ayILKNg>XšsLgÒaI4`9n]ue/g_sLgÒM:AO?\O4heO^M&yeghO^Y£g9gÒa9O^g(]ÒXNa9ahg' FXLMbO^MKyX·I ILa'hO^]ÒnÅILa

HX<hOPyO^XLM

b

E¨W\g9n"4WéXNayeg@na''9eI HglXuILOþMgÒb}éXNaW HX<9O4yOþXNM

b .Gv &s

]_Y éXNaªa9gÒKNOþY2gBIªP

ILMb@éXLa

b

I# &s ]_Y éXLa(ahg_KNO^Y£gN‹PILa9gheXZ?\M/OþMVdO^KE5~E‹Xhg=yegCbO4FFgÒa9gÒM:e?\O^b7ye"X yegna

heI Fg$ÒE

(10)

îÍæà ÞZÇ ÞZÍæá

uÔ>Ìuï ãþ͚Ï<ÏÈuõæÞSï>È

Ý

ÃÅßZÈuã^Çrî½Æšá¯ÈßþÕ9ӯƚá'ɪîÍæà ÞZÇ ÞZÍæá

Ìuï ãþÍšÏ¾Ï ÈuõæÞSï{È Ã^ÏÞZõæç¡Ç¾îƚá¯ÈßþÕ9ð

Ý Îå¯Ï9àÇÞSà‹ÌyÍæá'à ÞSɯÈuÏȁÉ/ƚàà å'Ìç°öúç¯Èá°Ç ç¯ÈôäåÌyÇ å'Æ`Ç ÞZÍæá/Í_êšÈuÏÌyÍæï>ȁà ÓރðȚð

LÓƚá'É°Ç ç'ÈUà ÞZõæáƚß)ÞSà

ƁêšÈuÏ9Æ`õšÈÉ2Í_êšÈuÏƚßSßÈuêšÈá¡Ç àî'Ï Èàȁá¡ÇúÞSálÇ ç¯ÈÇ Þ–ï>È\àÈuÏÞZȁàð

ð Lʾñç¯È\î'Ï͚ÎÆ`ÎÞSßSÞSǜâUÉÞSàÇÏÞZνå¯Ç ÞZÍæáªã^åá'ÌyÇ ÞZÍæá·Íšãö¾ÆšÞZÇ ÞSá¯õ>Ç Þ–ï>ȁàÎÈuǜöÈuȁá à å'ÌuÌyȁà àÞZêšÈ\Îå¯Ï9àÇ à<êšÈuÏà åà

+àéÓ¯Æ`ǾîÍæà ÞZÇ ÞZÍæá

uÔÌuï ãþÍšÏ¾Ï ÈuõæÞSï{È Ý ÃÅßZÈuãþÇîƚá¯Èß^Õ9ÓLƚá'ɪîÍæà ÞZÇ ÞSÍæá

Ìuï ãþ͚Ï<ÏÈuõæÞSï>È5Ã^ÏÞZõæç¡Ç

îƚá¯Èß^Õ9ð

deg?(ILO4hO^MK@hO^Y£g §g^I "hg_b}Hg$0?gÒg_MK0?XQ9n]Ò]_g9OþsLgna''ôeIFg_gÒMÀbg$hgÒahY£O^MgÒbCéXNayeg

yI¡Y2g& FXhO4hO^XNMô]_XNM"9O^bg_ahgÒbO^M}dO^KE ~Eùdeg]_XNaha9g' FXNMbO^MK¨fkdILa9g ^X'ygÒb‰O^M}dO^KE

s

EVN(Xhe

bO4'ya9O%n7yO^XLM"9heXZ?I>bO% ´ILa9XNnMb .Gv<v 0 _P:éX<%þXZ?gÒb¯o´Ia9X¯ILbBnY& £I#<eOþKNeg_a9yO^Y£ge9]`IþgÒE

d"X1HgMXhgÒb O4+heI#+yeg ÅI#hg`ILn-p)X<hgÒasNg_b“O^M}heg fkd I#^ILahKLgÒayOþY2gBh]ÒI^g$ÒP 4

.Gv<v0 ÒP

]ÒXLahahg$ HXNMb*yXByeghO^Y£gO^M:yg_a9s¡I4e?\egÒa9ghegôT‹na''‹g/,7 HXNMgÒM:‹eI`sLgWHgÒg_MJbg/yg_ahY£O^Mg_b-E

(11)

deg·a9XuI#hO^XNMJX[yeg ÅI9YI£]ÒX<þnY2M1hgÒg_YhXùO^Mbn]Òg´I@9n" Fg_a.óbO4FFn"hO–sNg ahX]Òg'{XbgÒMhO4o

6n]/ynIEyO^XLM"ªOþMKyegùD"STED7þXZ?\OþMK#.óbXG?\MKyegahXyI#yOþXNM-PbO4FFn"hOþXNMKHgÒ]_XNY2g$l]þX<hg_aWhX!'yILMbILa9b

HgÒeI`sO^XNa_EI Y£X½bO42g_b@^XNKE.MXNa9YI#bO%yahO4nhO^XNM&hg_gÒY&eyX2"I " a9X< ahO^I#yg$þoByeg=œI#'.8uILO4^g_bfkd(E

deg/I`sNg_ayILKLg@heI# Fg X#naAÒPOQEqg¡Eg_sLgÒM:ABÅI¡ahKNg_a+heILM # B

PbO%' "ÅI`o5·IQ?\Oþbye“XI#FXNn7~

v 0

éXNaOyegô]ÒIhgôX^'ya9XNMK£O^M:yg_ahY£O4'ygÒM]_o Héahg_KNO^Y£gIJPFI¡MbJX#¾IHXNn . # v0 éXNaehegô]`I9gUX{?g`ILt¡gÒa

ynan"þgÒM]_gHœahg_KNO^Y£gNOJE

Uñç+ðrÞZÈuÏ Ï ÈšÓ Ý ð rà ÌuÆ`Ï õæå¯ÈßƒÓ'ÄCð

å¯âLïôÆ`ÏÌ`íçÓ ð Æ`Ï9á'ރÓ

ð ÞSÌuÌuÆ`ÏÉ'ރÓ

rçâNàuð Èuêð HÈuÇÇuðšÐLÓ½Ô `ԚÔ`ÑùÃÐ`ԚÔ`Ñ¡Õ

Ð (ð

Ý ð

Æ`Ï Ï ÈuÏ9ƚàuÓ'ÈuÇúƚ߃ðZÓ rçâNàuð rßSƚà ï{ƚà+Ó £Ã æÕ9ð

lÿðì2Æ`õæá'ÞƒÓ ð úÞSÌuÌuÆ`Ï9É'ރÓðð ÍæïôƚáÓ "ç¡âNàuð "ßSƚàï{ƚà LÓ 2ÃÐ`ԚÔ`Ñ¡Õ

Ñ 'ð ȁɯÈuρӋÃ"ßZȁáLå'ï·ÓÈuö)ÍšÏ ýÓ æÕ

ðCð

Ý

áÇ Æ`φÓÈuÇúƚ߃ðZÓ rçâNàuð rßSƚà ï{ƚàuÔNÓ½Ñ ´ÃƒÐ`ÔšÔ æÕ

Uñð

Ý

ÏÞSïôÞZÇ à åÓð

Ý

Ïޖï{ÞZÇ à åÓ"ç¡âNà ÞSÌuÆ

Ý

`Ô LÓÐ 2ÃÐ`ԚÔæÐæÕ

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to