AΓLIF N U TASDAWIT N TAZEDD AGEZDU
AKATA
DE
S ɣur tnelmadin: DAHMANI Fairouz MOUMOU Samia
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T N AKLI MUḤEND ULḤAĞ - TUBI DAYT N TSEKLIWIN D TUTLAYIN
ZDU N TUTLAYT D YIDLES N TMAZIΓT
TAY N TAGGARA N MASTER
DEG TSEKLA TAMAZIƔT
ASENTEL
uze Slmend BER 2014/2015.
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BIRET IN ndad n Massa : RDUS Nadiau
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*Tanemmirt i Massa BERDOUS Nadia i d-aɣ-iwelhen deg
tezrawt-agi seg tazwara almi d taggara.
*Tanemmirt i yiselmaden d yinelmaden n ugezdu n tutlayt d
yidles Amaziɣ deg tseddawit n Tubiret.
*Tanemmirt i yiselamden i iqeblen ad ɣren axeddim-agi.
*Tanemmirt i wid akk i d aγ-d-yefkan afus n lemεawna deg
tezrawt-agi.
*Tanemmirt i useqqamu n yimeskayaden imi qeblen ad γren
tazrawt-agi.
Ad buddeɣ amahil-agi:
*I yimawlan-iw ɛzizen fell-i aṭas, baba akked d yemma.
*I gma Abd el ghani.
*I weltma Samah.
*I urgaz-iw ɛzizen Mourad d twacult-is.
*I temdukal-iw Kahina, Siham, Souad aladɣa Thanina iyi
d-yefkan afus n lemɛawna.
Abuddu
Ad buddeɣ amahil-agi:
*I baba d yemma.
*I yessetma: Ghania, Assala.
*I watmaten-iw: Farouk, Zouhir, Ramzi.
*I lejdud-iw ɛzizen ad asen-isiɣzef Ṛebbi di leɛmer.
*I Samy ɛzizen d twacult-is.
*I yimdukal-iw d temdukal-iw n tseddawit n Bgayet.
Tazwart tamatut………...08
Aḥric amenzu: Tiẓri.
Tazwart………141-Amezruy n tesleḍt tasentalant………..14
2-Iswi n tesleḍt tasentalant………..16
3-Tabadut n usentel d uneqqid………...17
4-Tulmisin n usentel………...19
Tagrayt……….20
Aḥric wis sin: Tasleḍt.
Tazwart………221-Isental i ɣef d-tewwi tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas d tin n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis……….22
2-Asentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas………...23
2-1-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «tayemmat»………....24
2-2-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taḥbibt»……….31
2-3-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taɛeggalt»………..36
2-4-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «tayellit»……….39
2-5-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taweltmat»………....40
3-Asentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis…………...…40
3-2-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taḥbibt»……….43
3-3-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «tayellit»……….54
3-4-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taweltmat»………55
Tagrayt……….55
Aḥric wis kraḍ : Aserwes gar usentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n
Maɛtub d tin n Ayt Mengellet.
Tazwart………57 1-Tayemmat………57 2-Taḥbibt……….60 3-Taɛeggalt………..62 4-Tayellit……….63 5-Taweltmat……….63 Tagrayt……….64Tagrayt tamatut………..………...66
Amawal………..……….68
Tiɣbula……….………...71
Ammud………...74
8 Tazwart:
Aṭas n tezrawin i d-yemmeslayen ɣef wazal n tmeṭṭut deg tmetti taqbaylit, ama d inagmayen inaṣliyen ama d iberraniyen, yal yiwen acu i d tamuɣli-is.
Γas neqqar tameṭṭut d lsas, argaz d ajgu alemmas, maca di tmetti n zik ;di zzman n yiɣil, tameṭṭut taqbaylit tettwaḥqer. Akka i tebna tmetti n
leqbayel ; ayen i d-yerra umnar ɣer daxel, i tmeṭṭut, ayen yellan berra akin d ccɣel n urgaz. Awal-is yekmen, ur d-itteffeɣ ara ɣer berra ; ulac-it la di tejmaεt wala di ssuq. Dayen i d-yessebganen belli tameṭṭut taqbaylit “tettwaɛzel di tmetti, neẓra belli mebla tameṭṭut kra n wayen yelhan ur d-yettnulfu!”1
A. Hanoteau deg udlis « Poésies populaires de la Kabylie du Djurjura »2 yenna-d: « tameṭṭut ur tesɛi ara azal ameqqran deg tmetti taqbaylit», tamuɣli-agi tekka-d seg yiwen i yellan d abeṛṛani ɣef tmurt, ahat yexdem aserwes gar tlawin yettidiren di tmurt-is, Fransa, anda tameṭṭut tetteffeɣ txeddem am nettat am urgaz, d tmeṭṭut yettidiren di tmurt n Lezzayer, di tallit n traḍ. Teḍfer-it-id di tmuɣli-agi L.C.Dujardin deg udlis-is « des Mères contre les femmes », anda i d-yella wawal s telqayt ɣef wazal i tesɛa tmeṭṭut di tmetti taqbaylit tamensayt, tenna-d belli azal-is, ur yeswi ara, imi deg tlalit-is ur ferḥen ara yis « talalit n tmeṭṭut di lezzayer tettas-d s tsusmi »3, « ababat yeẓra belli d taqcict i tesɛa tmeṭṭut-is, imi ur yesli ara i uslilew n tlawin deg uxxam, acku ma tlul teqcict amzun d lmut i yellan deg
1
Adiwenni d Nicole BARBiERE deg uɣmis n la dépeche de kabylie.i d-ifɣen ass n 17 Mai 2008. 2
HANOTEAU.A., Poésies Populaire de la Kabylie du djurdjura, texte kabylie et traduction, imprimé par ordre de l’empereur à l’imprimerie impériale, Paris, 1867. P, 171.
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uxxam. »1, mi tebda tettimɣur tettuɣal d aɣilif n yirgazen n uxxam, “imi nnif d leqder n twacult icudd ɣer-s”2.
Si tama nniḍen ad naf tamuɣli n yinagmayen n tmurt, ɣef uqerru-nsen ad naf Said Boulifa i d as-d-yerran i Hanoteau anda i d-yenna belli ɣas ma yella tameṭṭut taqbaylit deg uxxam i tettɣimi maca « tesɛa azal d agejdan deg tmetti, d nettat i d tigejdit n uxxam, deg twacult taqbaylit ». imi tameṭṭut d tayemmat yelḥan deg yiberdan n lmerta d yiɣilifen akken kan ad trebbi arraw-is, ad asen-tesselmed taqbaylit, d lsas n twacult, d azamul n leḥmala, leḥnana, d lehna, ahat lukan mačči d nettat ur d-tettaweḍ ara teqbaylit ɣer tizi n wass-a, daɣen akken id as-yenna sliman ɛazem: «a taqbaylit a tigjdit a tin ɣef yebna uxxam , ssbaḥ, tameddit argaz weṣṣit akken ad yeddu s lewqam... »
Ihi tameṭṭut ma yella tweṣṣa argaz s wayen yelhan neɣ i weqqmen, daya ara yexdem, akken daɣen ma yella tweṣṣa-t s ayen n dir, dayen i d-yessebganen belli d tameṭṭut i d lsas n uxxam mebla iyi-s ur yezmir ad yali. Azal n tmeṭṭut iɛedda i waya imi ma nuɣal citṭuḥ ɣer umezruy ad d-naf belli ula d nettat tjuhed3, anwa ur nessin Faḍma n sumer, i iqublen iṛumyen armi ula d nutni heddren fell-as.
Ula d Taseɛdit Yacine tmmeslay-d ɣef wazal n tmeṭṭut deg tmetti tabaylit tenna-d belli tesɛa amḍiq maca “amḍiq iwulmen d win ara tawi s lweqt”4, lmeɛna n wanect-a, tamɣart tesɛa awal-is deg uxxam, tettcax, tettray ula ɣef yirgazen, asmi ara timɣur, tettbeddil fell-as teswiɛt deg tmeḥqranit ur nesɛi tilisa ɣer leqder d ccwar icuban ccyaxa.
1 LACOSTE DUJARDIN.C., op-cit, P.58. 2
Ibid, P, 58. 3
https://www.academia.edu/74287771/le r% C% B4le_des femmes_dans_la société c3% A9-berb % c3 % A8re_traditionnelle_le_cas_ des femmes_kabyle.
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Asentel n tmeṭṭut d asentel agejdan n yal tasuta, n yal taɣerma deg tsekla tamaziɣt, deg tmedyazt, d asentel i d-yettuɣalen s waṭas deg ccna n teqbaylit. Gar wid yecnan ɣef tmeṭṭut ad dnebder: Sliman Ɛazem, Crif Xeddam, Zeddak Mulud...atg.
Tazrawt-agi d tasleḍt tasentalant i usentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas d tin n Lewnis Ayt Mengellet, ad neɛreḍ ad d-nessebgen amek i d-yusa usentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n yal yiwen deg-sen.
Maɛtub Lwennas d Ayt Mengellet Lewnis, d inaẓuren, d snat tgejda n ccna n teqbaylit, ssefran am wiyaḍ ɣef tmeṭṭut, seg yimeqqranen n tsekla n tmedyazt taqbaylit. D icennayen i yettwassnen s waṭas, sɛan azal meqqren deg tmetti, ladɣa ɣer leqbayel. Ismawen nsen nnudan-d akk timnaḍin n tmurt n Lezzayer, zegren akkin ɣer tmura n umaḍal. Deg tezrawt-agi ad neg tasleḍt i yisefra d-yewwin ɣef tmeṭṭut. Amek i d-yettban usentel n tmeṭṭut ɣer snat tgejda-agi n tmedyazt taqbaylit? D acu d udem i d-as-yefka yal amedyaz? Ma yella umgired neɣ amcabi deg tmuɣliwin-nsen?
Seg tɣuri-nneɣ i yisefra neɣ seg tmesliwt-nneɣ i tezlatin n Maɛtub Lwennas d tid n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis iban-aɣ-d belli fkan-as azal meqqren i tmeṭṭut, ahat yella wanda d-ssawḍen udem n tmeṭṭut s ccbaḥa neɣ s wudem icemten, yezmer lḥal ad tili tejmeɛ-iten yiwet n tmuɣli ɣef tmeṭṭut, neɣ ahat yella umgired deg tmuɣliwi-nsen.
Nextar asentel n tmeṭṭut gar waṭas n yisental nniḍen i yellan deg yisefra n snat tgejda-agi, acku d asentel i d-yettuɣalen s tuget, arnu ɣer waya i wakken ad nessebgen adeg d wazal i as-tefka tmedyazt i tmeṭṭut deg tsekla neɣ deg tmetti taqbaylit.
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Iswi agejdan n tezrawt-agi d asebgen n wadeg d wazal i tesɛa tmeṭṭut taqbaylit deg tmedyazt, d wudmawen i tezmer ad terfed.
Deg tezrawt-agi, nejmeɛ-d azal n 38 n yisefra i d-yettawin ɣef tmeṭṭut gar wid n tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas d wid n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis. Nefren-d sin n wammuden seg waṭas n tezrawin d yidlisen i yettwaxedmen ɣef sin n yimedyazen-agi. Yiwen n tmedyazt i yecna Maɛtub Lwennas, wayeḍ n tmedyazt i yecna Ayt Mengellet Lewnis.
Ammud amenzu, nefren-d deg-s 20 n yisefra, 10 seg udlis i tura Malika Matoub, Lounès Matoub «Mon nom est combat», chants amazighes d’Algérie, éd la découverte, 2003, Paris. 07 seg tezrawt n S.Sarni «Analyse de thème de l’amour dans la poésie de Matoub Lounès», mémoire de licence de langue et culture amazighes, 2003. 03 newwi-ten-id seg udlis n Rachida FITAS «Tafat n wurɣu».
Ammud wis sin n tmedyazt n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis, nefren-d deg-s 18 n yisefra, nekkes-iten-id seg udlis n Tasaadit Yacine «Ait Menguellet chante», éd BOUCHENE/AWAL, Alger, 1990.
Neḍfar tarrayt n tesleḍt tasentalant, deg tesleḍt-agi mačči yiwet n tmuɣli i yellan, llant aṭas, gar tmuɣliwin-agi i yellan tin n Jean.Pierre. Richard, Gaston Bachlard, Michelle Collot yugem-d seg tmuɣli n J.P.Richard, Vassevierre, Smekens, Pierre lannoy. Timuɣliwin-agi d tid i ɣef ad d-nawi awal s telqayt deg yixef aẓrayan.
Nefren tamuɣli n J.Prichard, tin i ɣef ad nsenned deg tesleḍt-agi, acku d tummidt, tufrar-d gar tiyaḍ n tmuɣliwin. Yessegzi-d tamiḍrant n usentel s telqayt, akken iwata.
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Deg tezrawt-agi tarrayt-nneɣ ad tbedd ɣef sin n yisurifen, amenzu d taɣuri talqayant i yisefra i d-yettawin ɣef tmeṭṭut, wis sin d asekfel n yiferdisen yis i d-yettban usentel n tmeṭṭut deg uḍris.
Amahil-agi yebḍa ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen:
Aḥric amenzu: d aḥric n teẓri, deg-s ad d-nemmeslay ɣef tesleḍt tasentalant, ad d-nefk tibadutin i tmiḍranin tigejdanin i ɣef treṣa tesleḍt-agi, asentel d uneqqid (limarat n usentel), anrar asnumkan amawalan.
Aḥric wis sin: d aḥric n tesleḍt i yisefra d-yewwin ɣef tmeṭṭut, nemmeslay-d ɣef yisental i ɣef i d-tettawi tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas d tin n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis s umata, syin akin ad neɛreḍ ad nessefruri, ad nesegzi asentel n tmeṭṭut, d wudmawen yemgaraden i as-fkan imedyazen-agi, tugdi n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s, lmut d lfiraq-is, lexdaɛ, lfiraq d lmut n teḥbibt, ….atg).
Aḥric wis kraḍ: ad yili d aserwes, ad neɛreḍ ad nsserwes gar usentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas akked deg tmedyazt n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis.
Ɣer taggara d tagrayt tamatut, ad tili d agemmaḍ i ɣer neṣṣaweḍ deg tesleḍt, amawal, tiɣbula akked wammud.
14 Tazwart:
Tazrawt-agi d tasleḍt tasentalant n tmedyazt i yecna Maɛtub Lwennas d tin n Ayt Mengellat Lewnis, deg-s ad d-nawi ɣef usentel n tmeṭṭut.
Akken ad nessiweḍ ɣer waya, yessefk fell-aneɣ deg yixef-agi aẓrayan, ad d-nemmeslay ɣef kra n tmiḍranin i ɣef ad neg tasleḍt-agi. Timiḍranin-agi: d asentel, aneqqid (limarat n usentel), anrar asnumkan d unrar amawalan. 1-Amezruy n tesleḍt tasentalant:
Tasleḍt neɣ azɣan asentalan yuɣ-d aẓar deg tazwara n lqern wis 20 asmi yebda usami n yiḍrisen iseklanen, yettagem-d seg tussniwin n tmetti am tussna n tmetti, tadamsa, d tusniwin n tutlayt am tesnillest, tasnumka.1
Tasleḍt tasentalant d tiẓri n tsekla, tettawi-d ɣef yisental i yellan deg uḍris, Michel Collot yenna-d : «azɣan asentalan d anaw n usami n yisental d yiḍrisen, i yuɣen azal meqqren deg tmurt n Fransa s yimahilen n unagmay Gaston Bachelard d yimahilen n George Poullet, Jean Starobinski d Jean-Pièrre Richard»2, nezmer ad d-nini belli d Jean Pierre Richard i d ababat n tesleḍt tasentalant, d netta itt-yesbedden, iḍfer abrid n Gaston Bachelard i yellan yesseqdac tafelsafit. Gar yimahilen i yega Jean-Pièrre Richard deg uzɣan neɣ deg tesleḍt tasentalant, yella yiwen n udlis ur t-yezgil kra n win ad d-yemmeslayen ɣef tesleḍt tasentalant «L’univers imaginaire de Mallarmé». Deg udlis-agi Jean-Pièrre Richard yemmeslay-d s telqayt ɣef teẓri tasentalant d tmiḍranin tigejdanin i ɣef treṣṣa.
M.Collot yettwali belli tasentalant tezmer ad teddukel wa ad temmsemmad d yinezzuɣen itraren imeqqranen yerzan tasekla akked uzɣan i
1
OUETAH.L., Asentel n tmettant d usirem deg tmedyazt n Lwennas Maɛtub (1956-1998), tazrawt n nnig turagt, taseddawit n Bgayet 2012. P. 21.
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uskar n tezrawin ɣef yisental iseklanen. Yenna-d :«tasentalant d tuddsa taḍersant n usentel»1
Tasleḍt tasentalant tebna ɣef usentel, ɣef waya Berguez yenna-d: «Tazrawt deg tsentalant, ur terzi ara kan yiwen neɣ kra n yiḥricen deg tẓekka, maca terza taẓekka-nni akken d takemmalt, acku s waya ara yessiweḍ win yeggan tasleḍt ad yegzu anamek i as-yefka umeskar (amedyaz) i usentel»2. Ɛla ḥsab tamuɣli-agi, win ad yegen tasleḍt yezmer ad yeḥṣu amek yettwasuddes usentel daxel n uḍris.
Tasleḍt-agi d azɣan n uḍris seg tama n yisental, akken i d-yenna J.L.PEDINIELLI : «Tasleḍt tasentalant d tasleḍt tagelmant uqbel ad tili d ayen nniḍen. Tebna ɣef usukkes n usteqsi-agi amecṭuḥ «…….» tettesen s ufran d unadi ɣef yisental igejdanen izemren ad uɣalen d asentel n tesleḍt tayeḍ neɣ yettemgiriden alaḥsab isteqsiyin d yiswan n unadi»3. Asentel d tanfalit neɣ d tafyirt iɣef tettezzi tekti n tegzemt n uḍris, nezmer ad d-nini asentel d ayen yebɣa ad d-yini yiwen deg wawal-is, neɣ amaru deg uḍris.
Tasleḍt tasentalant d azɣan i izerwen deg tama n usugnan d tzamulit isental i yellan deg uḍris n umeskar.
2-Iswi n tesleḍt tasentalant :4 Tasleḍt tasentalant , d yiwet n tarrayt n tesleḍt i nesseqdac i wakken ad nessefruri wa ad nwali amek i d-yettas usentel deg uḍris. Pièrre Lannoy
1
OUETAH.L., op-cit, P. 23.
«La thématique est une organisation textuel du thème». 2
Ibid, P. 22.
3
Mémoire online, « Introduction à l’analyse clinique » , site de mémoire online [en ligne]
http://www.memoireonline.com/02/12/5426/m_Analyse-des-facteurs-et-consequences-psychosocio-culturels-du-celibat-prolonge-Cas-du-secteur-Ki18.html « Analyse thématique est avant tout descriptive, elle correspond à une complexification de la question simple, de quoi le sujet parle t-il ? Elle procède par le découpage et recensement des thèmes principaux qui peuvent faire l’objet d’analyse différente selon les questions et le objectifs de recherche ».
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yenna-d dakken iswi n tesleḍt tasentalant d asekfel n yisental igejdanen deg tenfaliyin tiḍersanin. Isental-agi ttbanen-d s waṭas n wudmawen ikmamen. Seg tmuɣli-agi d-yefka Pièrre Lannoy, nezmer ad d-nini belli deg yiwen n usentel nezmer ad naf aṭas n yisental.
3-Tabadut n usentel d uneqqid:
Tasleḍt tasentalant d tazrawt n yisental deg tsekla. Asentel akken i yella deg yisegzawalen n tefransist, d wayen i yura Madelénat, awal «asentel» yeffeɣ-d deg lqern wis 13 seg tlatinit «théma» i d-reḍlen seg tegrigit. Deg lqern wis 18 yerza asuqqel n yiḍrisen seg tutlayt tayemmat ɣer tutlayt tawerdant.
Mgaradent tbadutin i d-yettawin ɣef usentel d uneqqid, asentel akken i d-nenna d taɣawsa iceɣben aṭas n yinagmayen, yal yiwen s tmuɣli-s d tikli-s. Ɣef wakken i yettwali Vasseviere «Aneqqid d taggayt tasnumkant taddayt, asentel d taggayt, tamadwant, tamatut»1, deg tmuɣli-agi asentel yettban-d d amatu d amadwan, ma yella d aneqqid yettban-d d akmam, yettas-d meẓẓi ɣef usentel.
Gardes Tamine akked Hurbert daɣen fkan-d tabadut i usentel nnan-d: «Isental, i yellan d imadwanen yerna d imatuten, tteffɣen-d d talɣiwin tikmamin, s wallalen utlayanen am wawalen d tunuɣin (…) iferdisen-agi yettezin ɣef usentel ssiliɣen-d ayen i wumi nezmer ad nsemmi ineqqiden»2, tamuɣli-agi ur temgarad ara ɣef wayen d-yenna Vassevière, aneqqid yettusileɣ s yiferdisen n usentel.
1
OUETAH.L., Op-cit. P. 29.
«Le motif est la catégorie sémantique minimale, par opposition(…) au thème, qui est la catégorie la plus abstraite et la plus générale».
2
OUETAH.L., P 30.
«Les thèmes qui son abstraits et généraux, s’incarnent dans des formes concrètes et particulières à travers le matériel linguistique, les mots les images. Certain de ces mots sont récurrents et peuvent constituer des mots-thèmes *…+. Ces éléments constituent ce que l’on appelle des motifs.»
17
Tamuɣli-agi ad tt-naf deg wayen d-yenna Smekens, Asentel ɣur-s, yessegzay, yettak anamek i uneqqid, yerna amgired yellan gar-asen am win yellan gar usnamak d usnamuk, imi assaɣ i ten-yeqqnen, yeqqen s timad-is ɣer tesleḍt n uḍris. Annect-a yemmal-d belli ayen yellan d asentel yezmer ad yuɣal d aneqqid i usentel i d-yezgan nnig-s.
Tibadutin-agi i d-nebder tessemlal-tent yiwet n tikti, d tin i s ways i d-yettban usentel d amadwan d amatu.
Tella tmuɣli nniḍen tettqabal-d tamuɣli tamezwarut, d tanemgalt-is, asentel deg-s yemgarad unamek-is ɣef wakken i yella yakan. Dɣa Michel Collot yesbadu-t-id ilmend n wamek i t-yettwali deg uzɣan asentalan, yenna-d: «Asentel almend n uzɣan asentalan, d asnamuk, d amsiman, d udrig yerna d akmam; yessenfalay-d assaɣ ufrayan n umeggay ɣer umaḍal; yettban-d deg yiḍrisen s tuget n wallus i ṭṭafarent tsenfal: izeddi d yisental nniḍen i usuddes n tdamsa tasnumkant d telɣawit n tẓekka».1
Collot yemmezgi-d akked Smekens, yenna-d ɣef usentel: «ur yelli ara d taɣawsa tazɣarayt ɣef uḍris, maca d taggayt tasnumkant i yellan ines»2, lmaɛna n wannect-agi asentel yettas-d daxel maci beṛṛa i uḍris. Gardes Tamine akked Hurbert mmezgint-d d tikti-agi nnant-d: «Isental n tẓekka yezgan d imufiren neɣ yettwalɣen s wudem arusrid, ur snekwayen ara ayen ɣef wacu ttmeslayen».3
Asentel yebna ɣef yinumak imufiren n wawalen d tenfaliyin s ways i yettak umeskar i usentel-nni udem amsiman, lmeɛna-is yerza kan asentel-nni ,
1
Ibid, P. 30.
«Le thème selon la critique thématique est un signifié individuel, implicite et concret; il exprime la relation affective d’un sujet au monde sensible; il se manifeste dans les textes par récurrence assortie de variations; il s’associé à d’autre thèmes pour structure l’économie sémantique et formelle d’une œuvre».
2 Ibid, P. 31.
«Il s’agit moins d’objet extérieur à l’œuvre que d’une catégorie sémantique qui lui est propre». 3
Ibid, P. 32.
«Les thèmes d’une œuvre qui sont souvent sous-jacents ou formulés indirectement, ne s’identifient pas avec son sujet».
18
ɣef wakka Jean Pierre Richard yenna-d ɣef usentel :«d talɣa tamsismant n unamkiḍen»1. D anamkiḍen-agi n usentel i t-yettaran d udrig deg uḍris, anamkiḍen d anamek wis sin neɣ nniḍen n wawalen d tefyar.
Jean Pierre Richard yenna-d daɣen: «Isental imeqqranen deg uḍris, wid i yebnan taɣessa-s yefren, d nitni i ilaqen ad aɣ-d-begnen tasarut n tudssa, ttwasqerdcen s tuget, d wid yettemlilin d tegnit ibanen. Allus da, neɣ anda nniḍen temmal-d amlak». 2
Yella wanda ad d-naf asentel d aferdis i d-yettwalsen, ɣef waya Smekens yenna-d: «Asentel d aferdis asnumkan i d-yettwalasen deg kra n uḍris neɣ deg kra n ugraw n yiḍrisen».3 Asentel mi ara d-yettuɣal aṭas n tikkal yettbeddil udmawen, akken i d-yenna daɣen Jean Pierre Richard: «Anamek n usentel yettɛiwid, yettbeddil ɣef yiman-is yakan, yettbeddil daɣen almend n yinumak i as-d-yezzin, wid i as-yettaken azal, wid i t-yessidiren»4, allus n usentel ugar n yiwet n tikelt tettaǧa-t yettbeddil udmawen, yal tikelt s wudem. Jean Pierre Richard yenna-d daɣen ɣef wallus n usentel: «Asentel d alsan, lmeɛna-is yettwalas deg uḍris»5, ihi asentel ur yesɛa yiwen n wudem, deg yiwen n uḍris nezmer ad tid-naf yesɛa aṭas n wudmawen, d win yettbeddilen s wallus.
1
Ibid, P 32.
«Forme individuel du connoté». 2
Www.Perse. Fr/web/revues/home/Perse. Le thème selon la critique thématique, Michel Collot, P. 80. « Les thèmes majeurs d’une œuvre, ceux qui en forment l’invisible architecture, et qui doivent pouvoir nous livrer la clef de son organisation, ce sont ceux qui s’y trouvent développés le plus souvent, qui s’y rencontrent avec une fréquence visible exceptionnelle. La répétition, ici comme ailleurs, signale l’obsession.»
3 Idem.
«Le thème est un élément sémantique qui se répète à travers un texte ou un ensemble de textes». 4 Idem.
«Le sens d’un thème varie : il se modifie à la fois en lui-même et selon l’horizon des sens qui l’entourent, le soutient et le font exister».
5 Www.Perse. Fr/web/revues/home/persee. «Le thème est itératif, c’est-à-dire qu’il est répéter tout au long de l’œuvre»
19
Pierre Lannoy yenna-d ɣef usentel: « d tanfalit neɣ d tafyirt i yesnekwayen ɣef wacui tettawi yiwet n tayunt n yiwettilen neɣ ayen i d-segzay»1.
Tulmisin n usentel:2
Seg d-yefka Collot, ad d-nessekfel tulmisin n usentel deg tsentalant, ad naf yenna-d fell-as:
-«D asnamuk d udrig», acku anamek-is yeffer deg uḍris, d tignatin tuddusanin ara t-id-yesseknen.
- «D akmam» acku yessaɣ deg uḍris n tẓekka s yiferdisen isnilsanen (awalen d tenfaliyin) i t-id-yessenfalayen, i t-id-yesbanayen.
-«D amsiman», d awḥid acku tignatin-nni d yiferdisen-nni s ways i d-yettunfali usentel rzan taẓekka-nni n bab-is.
Anrar asnumkan d unrar amawalan:
George Mounin, yesbadu-d anrar asnumkan yenna-d: «D tagruma n tayunin timawalin i d-yessekfalen anamek n tegrumma n tmiḍranin yellan daxel n yiwet n tmiḍrant tabzimt».3
Alain Polguère yesbadu-d anrar amawalan : «Nessawal anrar amawalan n unrar asnumkan tagrumma n yirman (tayunin tigetnamkanin) i ɣef rsen ɣer unrar-nni asnumkan»4
Deg wayen akk akka i d-nebder, nezmer ad nerr tamawt dakken anrar amawalan d unrar asnumkan dduklen, qqnen wa ɣer wa. Acku akken tettwali
1LANNOY.P., op.cit. P. 1.
« Une expression ou une phrase qui identifie ce sur quoi porte une unité de données ou ce qu’elle signifie » 2
OUETAH.L., op-cit, P.31. 3 Ibid, P. 35.
«Ensemble des unités lexicales dénotant un ensemble de concepts inclus dans un concept étiquette». 4
Ibid, P.36.
«Nous appelons champ lexical d’un champ sémantique l’ensemble des vocables (unités polysémiques) dont les lexies de base appartiennent à ce champ sémantique».
20
Picoche, yal anrar d amawalan, yerna daɣen d asnumkan, imi i yella wassaɣ d imezgi gar usnamak d usnamuk (yal awal yetteqen ɣer unamek-is). Akken daɣen ay ttwalin yimeskaren n vocabulaire de l’analyse littéraire, amawal d tesnumka qqnen gar-asen akken i yetteqen usnamak d usnamuk, dayen s wacu d-yewwi ad nezdi anrar amawalan ɣer usnumkan.
Dɣa s wannect-a ad d-neffeɣ s tsemlilt dakken, anrar asnumkan amawalan, ihi, d tagrumma n wawalen, deg kra n uḍris, i d-yettawin ɣef yiwet n taluft (tilawt), neɣ ɣef yiwet n tikti. Awalen-a yekka gar-asen wassaɣ, zemren ad ilin yezdi-ten yiwen n uẓar am wakken izemren ad ilin daɣen tesdukel-iten yiwet n taɣult.
Azeṭṭa amawalan:
Azeṭṭa amawalan d agraw n wawalen i tejmeɛ yiwet n tikti yesɛan assaɣ ɣer kra n usentel, d anrara amawalan asnumkan.
Tagrayt:
Deg uḥric-agi nssaweḍ ad d-nefk kra n tbadutin i tmiḍranin tigejdanin i ɣef tressa tesleḍt tasentalant. Ibanaɣ-d dakken yella wassaɣ gar usentel d uneqqid (limarat n usentel).
22 Tazwart
Deg uḥric-agi, ad neɛreḍ ad neg tasleḍt i yisefra d-yewwin ɣef usentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n snat tgejda n tmedyazt taqbaylit. Ad d-nekkes asentel, limarat n usentel d unrar asnumkan amawalan.
1-Isental i ɣef i d-tewwi tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas d tin n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis:
1-1-Isental deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas:
Tamedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas tufrar-d deg tmedyazt taqbaylit, ama seg tama n usentel, ama seg tama n uɣanib. Amedyaz yessefray ilmend n wakud, d amedyaz n wakud-is, yettak-d tiktiwin i temsal yellan deg tmetti.1 Maɛtub yessefray ɣef liḥala n tmurt yuḍnen s sebba n yineḍruyen isertanen, deg tefsut n yimaziɣen 1980 yewwi-d asefru n «yeḥzen lwad aɛisi».
Gar yisental i ɣef i d-tewwi tmedyazt-is:
-Asentel n tmagit d umennuɣ ɣef tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ. -Tayri.
-Izerfan n umdan. -Tamurt.
-Isental ɣef lmut.
-Yecna ɣef tegmat d leḥbab.
-Ɣef tmeṭṭut aladɣa tayemmat, d asentel i ɣef ad nexdem tasleḍt deg tezrawt-agi i wakken ad nẓer amek i d-yussa usentel-tezrawt-agi deg tmedyazt-is.
1
23 -Isental ɣef umezruy n tmurt n Lezzayer. -Isental i icudden ɣer ddunit.
-Yessefray ɣef tlelli n umdan. -Ɣef tdukkli.
-Asentel n tsertit d leḥkem. -Ɣef usirem.
1-2-Isental deg tmedyazt n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis:
Ayt Mengellet seg yimedyazen mucaɛen deg tmurt n Leqbayel, aṭas n yisental i ɣef d-tewwi tmedyazt-is.
Deg tmedyazt n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis, llan semmus (5) n yisental igejdanen:1
*Asentel amenzu, d isefra ɣef tmeṭṭut, ɣef ccbaḥa-is.
*Asentel wis sin, yewwi-d ɣef tmetti d iɣeblan-s, ɣef zzwaǧ, tagrawla d tinigt. *Asentel wis kraḍ, d ayen akk yerzan tasertit.
*Asentel wis ukuẓ, ɣef tnaṣlit d teqbaylit.
*Asentel aneggaru, yettawi-d ɣef temsal icudden ɣer tfelsafit d ddunit. 2-Asentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas:
Asentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas d win yegten, yesɛan azal meqqren, yeɛna akk timsal i yeqqnen ɣer tmeṭṭut: d tayemmat, d taḥbibt, d taɛeggalt….atg.
1
CHERBI.M., KHOUAS.A., Chansons kabyle et identité berbère (l’œuvre d’Ait Menguellet), Ed. Paris-Méditerranée. 1999, 2001, p 59.
24
2-1-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «tayemmat»:
Tayemmat d yiwen n wudem i yefka umedyaz i tmeṭṭut, tayemmat yelḥan deg yiberdan n lmerta d yiɣilifen akken kan ad trebbi arraw-is, ad asen-tesselmed taqbaylit, d nettat i d lsas n twacult, d azamul n leḥmala, leḥnana, d lehna.
Deg usefru «ay ixef-iw», yusa-d usentel n tmeṭṭut «tayemmat» s wudem usrid s limarat-agi:
Akka i d tassa n tyemmat
Amedyaz yemmeslay-d ɣef tugdi n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s, d tassa-s yettergigin, anda yedda mmi-s awḥid d wamek i d-as teḍra. ayagi yettban-d s limarat-agi:
A-tt-a tassa-w teţqudur Yegguma as-yebru lweswas
Ul ad icetki maɛḍuṛ Amek i teḍṛa d lwennas-iw Tassa: tekka-d seg uẓar: TS.
-Yečča tassa n uzgar.
-Tezza tassa n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s.
Tettquddur, d awal i d-yekkan seg uẓar QDR: Yettquddur, aqudder. -Akken kan tettquddur tqendurt telsa-tt.
Awalen-agi: tassa, tettquddur, yettcetki, yebru lweswas, amek teḍra, wigi akk sɛan assaɣ i ten-ijemɛen, ssebganen-d tugdi n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s d tassa
25
trebba fell-as, acku tayemmat tezga tergagi tassa-s ɣef mmi-s, yir ttexmam yella dima deg lbal-is almi tt-yekcem lweswas.
Yal tayemmat deg ddunit tebɣa ad tefreḥ s mmi-s, ad twali yezweǧ, ad yeg axxam, ad d-yexlef win ara irefden isem-is, ur yettmettat ara d amengur. Ad tefreḥ s warraw-is di tudert-is. Deg usefru «Ẓriɣ acu», asentel n tyemmat yusa-d swudem usrid, Limarat n usentel tettban-d:
A yemma am-ṣedqeɣ temẓi-w Ṣedqeɣ d awal i d-yefrurin seg uẓar ṢDQ: aseddeq, ssadaqa. -Win iṣedqen i igellilen yerḍel i Ṛebbi.
-SSadaqa terfeɛ lebla.
-Ṣedqeɣ temẓi-w, isebbel, yerhen, yefna leɛmer-is.
Amedyaz iḥulfa i lqarḥ n yemma-s d wayen itt-yerḥan, itt-iceɣben, imi yemma-s tebɣa-s ad yezweǧ ad tefreḥ s warraw-is..
Tebɣiḍ-iyi ad timɣur terbut Ad tesɛuḍ tislit d ttbut Tarbut, aẓar-is: TRBT.
-Yegga aɣrum deg terbut.
-Nnejmaɛen-d akk ɣer yiwet n terbut (ɣer yiwet n tesga). -Ad timɣur terbut, ad tennerni twacult.
26
Amedyaz seg leḥmala iḥemmel yemma-s, ur yebɣi ara ad yeṛṛez awal-is, yedda-as deg lebɣi-s, ayagi yettban-d deg:
Xḍeb-iyi-d tin i m-yehwan
Xḍeb-iyi-d, yekka-d seg uẓar XḌB: lexḍubegga, axḍab, anexḍab, d asuter n ufus n tmeṭṭut i zzwaǧ.
Yemma-s tebɣa ad yezweǧ akken ad d-yexlef win ad yeddemn isem-is, ur s-qqaren ara madden yemmut d amengur:
Tebɣiḍ aẓar-iw teddren Ad igar ijeǧǧigen
Akken isem n baba ad yeqqim
Ad iger ajeǧǧig: ad d-yexlef dderya ad irefden isem-is iwakken ur yettmettat ara d amengur.
Awalen-agi d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i d-yemmalen zzwaǧ, i yellan d aɣbel iceɣben tayemmat.
Deg usefru «ttar-im am-tid-rreɣ», asentel n tyemmat yusa-d s wudem usrid: A yemma ɛzizen iruḥen
Amedyaz yettgala ad d-yerr ttar n yemma-s i yemmuten di ṭraḍ, iruḥen, ksen-as-tt ur tt-yeṛwi, wwin-tt zdat wallen-is, ula d aẓekka-is ur yeẓri anda d-yusa, ulac anwa ara s-t-yemlen.Maca yegguma ad yeqḍeɛ layas, yeggul ad as-d-yerr ttar ɣef tmenɣiwt-is. Limarat n usentel tettban-d deg usefru «Ttar-im am-t-id-rreɣ»:
ttar-im am-tid-rreɣ A yemma ɛzizen iruḥen
27
Ur zmireɣ ara akem-ayseɣ D idammen kem-id-ttadren
Ur zmireɣ ara akem-ayseɣ Tanṭelḍt-im wa ara yittyemlen
Bbin-kem ad ttmuquleɣ
Seg wassen-nni ur kem-ẓrant wallen -Ttar, d tiririt n lḥeq n win yettwaḍelmen.
-Iruḥen aẓar-is RḤ, Rrwaḥ, yettruḥ: Iruḥ s axxam.
Iruḥ leɛqel-is: icax deg uxemmem. Truḥ yemma-s: d lmut itt-yewwin.
Tanṭelḍt: aẓar, NṬL: yenṭel, anḍtal, timenḍtelt, aẓekka, timeqbert. Deg usefru «tiɣri ugujil», amedyaz yewwi-d ɣef lmut n yemma-s:
Mi yuẓẓaf yiwen a yemma Ttmektayeɣ-d aẓekka I-yi-k mi jemɛen lebda
Awalen-agi d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i wawal n lmut.
Amedyaz yeḥzen imi ur tettili ara yemma-s s idis-is ama deg lfarḥ neɣ deg lqarḥ, yettḥebbir amek ara d-zrin fell-as yiseggasen d awḥid. Tettban-d limarat n usentel deg:
28
Amek ara qedmeɣ lesnin Imi ulac-ikem a yemma
Tayemmat d azamul n leḥnana, win ad ybeɛden fell-as ur iẓer ussan yelhan. Tayemmat d udem n rrbeḥ, lǧennet ddaw iḍaren-is i tella. Mi ara yebɛed fell-as mmi-s neɣ yelli-s usan-is akk ad uɣlen d iberkanen, mi tsers aqerru-s ɣer tsumta ad, iḍes ur tt-id-yettas, tettxemmim amek llan warraw-is, ur teggan hani, dima zedɣen-tt lehmum d yiɣeblan, allen-is d asureg n yimeṭṭi. Assaɣ i yellan gar uqcic d yemma-s d win yeqwan ijehden, anda i d-tettban leḥnana n tyemmat, ma yella uqcic yebɛed fell-as ad iḍaɛ, ad yeqqim dima yeḥzen, ur yezmir ad iɛac mebɣir yis. Deg usefru « A yemma yemma anda akka teddiḍ», asentel n tyemmat yttban-d s wudem usrid:
Ayemma yemma
Amedyaz deg usefru-agi yewwi-d ɣef lefraq-is d yemma-s, deg-s iḥekkud amek yettidir mi yebɛed fell-as.
Teɣli-iyi tduli Ifetti ugris fell-i Yeɣli-d fell-i yiḍ
Awalen: teɣliyi tduli, agris, asemmiḍ, wigi d limarat n i yettwahhin ɣer yir tudert deg lfiraq n tyemmat, acku tayemmat ma teɣli tduli i mmi-s as as-tt-terr, amedyaz yebɛed ɣef yemma-s.
Amedyaz yewwi-d ɣef usentel n lɣerba, d wayen i iferqen tassa d wayen turew. Deg usefru «A yemma ɛzizen», iban-d usentel n tyemmat srid:
29
Awal «Ɛzizen» yemmal-d amḍiq ɛlayen i tesɛa tyemmat deg wul-is, d ucedhi i d tt-yecedha.
Amedyaz yebɛed ɣef yemma-s ur yezmir ad tt-yewali, maci deg ufus-is, yella dacu t-yeṭfen, limarat n usentel tettban-d deg:
Turez-iyi snesla
Di lḥebs n unezgum ɣemqeɣ
Turez-iyi snesla: yella d acu i t-yeṭṭfen, t-yesbeɛden ɣef yemma-s, yeččur wul-is, iḍaq, iɣmeq.
Lbaɛd n umedyaz ɣef yemma-s ixlef-d acedhi d lxiq.
Deg usefru «A yemma ad mteɣ ur kem-ẓarreɣ», asentel n tyemmat yusa-d s wuyusa-dem usriyusa-d :
A yemma yemma
Amedyaz yettraǧu ass mi ara ad d-yuɣal seg lɣerba ad yewali yemma-s. Iḥesseb ussan, yettraǧu tissin. Limarat n usentel tettban-d deg:
Ussan ɣelben lesnin Ttraǧuɣ tissin Afalku bw-ẓru leɣrib
Tafelwit-agi d tagrumma n yiferdisen isnilsanen i d-yessenfalayen asentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas, tagrumma-agi d aswir agejdan deg tikli n tesleḍt tasentalant. Tettwaxdem s usekfel n unrar amawalan asnumkan.
30
*Tafelwit n tegrumma n yiferdisen isnilsayen: Udem n tyemmat Azwel n
usefru Tayunin n umawal Ifyar -Tugdi n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s
-Ay ixef-iw -Tassa,
tettquddur, tiɣri n tyemmat, lweswas, ul yettcetki.
Akka i d tassa n tyemmat Akka i d tiɣri n tyemmat A-tt-a tassa-w tettquddur Yegguma as yebru lweswas Ul ad yettcetki meɛḍur Amek teḍra d Lwennas-iw -Lmut n tyemmat -Tiɣri n
ugujil
-Ččiɣ yemma, aẓekka, ulac yemma, jemɛen ilebda.
Mi yuẓẓaf yiwen a yemma Ttmektayeɣ-d aẓekka I-yi-k mi jemɛen lebda
-Ttar n tyemmat -Ttar-im am-t-id-rreɣ
-Ttar, iruḥen, idamen, bbin-kem, tanṭelḍt.
ţţar-im am-tid-rreɣ A yemma ɛzizen iruḥen Bbin-kem ad ttmuquleɣ
Tanṭelḍt-im wa ara yittyemlen
-Lfiraq n tyemmat -A yemma yemma anda akka teddiḍ -Teɣliyi tduli, asemmiḍ, agris. Teɣl-iyi tduli Yfeţi wagris fell-i Yeɣlid fell-i yiḍ Yfaţi wagris fell-i Yenɣa-yi usammiḍ -A yemma ɛzizen -Lḥebs, turez-iyi snesla, ɣemqeɣ. Turez-iyi snesla
31 -A yemma ad mteɣ ur kem-ẓarreɣ -Afalku, ttraǧuɣ tisin, leɣrib.
Ussan ɣelben lesnin Drus n tesriḥ i d fkan Ttraǧuɣ tisin
Afalku bw-ẓru leɣrib
-Tayemmat d
zzwaǧ n mmi-s
-Ẓriɣ acu -Timɣur terbut, tislit, xḍeb-iyi-d, ad yeqqim, ad iger ijeǧǧigen
Xḍeb-iyi-d tin i m-yehwan Ad tesɛuḍ tislit d ttbut Tebɣiḍ-iyi ad timɣur terbut Ad igar ijeǧǧigen
Akken isem n baba ad yeqqim
2-2-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taḥbibt»:
Tayri d yiwen n wafra i yis yettḥulfu umdan. Ulac win yezgel di ddunit ama d aqcic neɣ d taqcict, meẓẓi neɣ meqqer, tayri d abrid iḍulen, d lebḥer wessiɛen. Maɛtub Lwennas yewwi-d ɣef usentel n tayri deg waṭas n yisefra. Deg usefru «Tannumi» amedyaz yessaram ad d-yass wass i deg ara yaf leḥmala ɣur tin i iḥemmel, ad tili tayri seg snat n leǧwayeh, ad tebɣu akken i tt-yebɣa.
Inni-as i tin akken i iḥemmel Amer yiwen wass ad tḥemmel
Ḥemmel, aẓar-is: ḤML, ḥemmel, aḥemmel, leḥmal, lḥemlan. -Ur ḥemmleɣ gma, ur ḥemmleɣ win ara t-yewten: d nnif n twacult. -Iḥemmel-it am leɛmer-is: d tayri.
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Deg usefru «Uzzu n tayri», amedyaz yemmeslay-d ɣef wayen yettḥulfu, d wul-is :
Yenɣa-yi wuzzu n tayri D ajenwi n lḥubb i yi-izlan Asmi akken i d-uddreɣ leɛceq Leɛceq d awal i d-yekkan seg uẓar ƐCQ: yeɛceq, ameɛcuq.
Awalen: lḥubb, tayri, leɛceq, leḥmala d iḥulfan, d afrayen izedɣen ul n umedyaz, d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i tayri.
Asefru «Ur twahmeḍ», yewwi-t-id ɣef tin it-yeǧǧan, texdeɛ-it, tɣeḍer-it tbeddel-it tedda d wayeḍ, teǧǧa-as-d ala lwaḥc.
Lemḥiba-w akken i t-ḍeqreḍ
Ur yedmi ara ad d-yekk lexdaɛ seg tin iḥemmel, nettat telɛeb yis, ur tefki azal i leḥmala-nni tt-iḥemmel, tesselɛab yis-s am ulqaf
Teǧǧiḍ ul-iw yesselqaf Kem tezhiḍ d wi tḥemmleḍ
Tlaɛbeḍ yis-i am lqef
Tḍeqreḍ, aẓar-is ḌQR: aḍeqqer, iḍeqqer, mi ad tḍeqreḍ kra lmaɛna-s ur as-tefkiḍ ara azal, teɛyiḍ deg-s.
Yesselqaf, aẓar-is: LQF: alqaf, alqafen, lqef.
Alqafen d allal n wurar, ɣef waya Maɛtub icebba liḥala n wul-is ɣer wurar s walqafen
33 Tlaɛbeḍ, LƐB: ilɛeb, alɛab, lɛeb, d urar.
Awalen-agi d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan, d limrat i d-yemmalen asentel n lexdaɛ n teḥbibt.
Deg usefru «Seḥseb», amedyaz mazal ul-is yeččur d ccḥani d karuh, d yir amenni i tin it-ibeddlen s wayeḍ, terwel teǧǧa-t yerwa taḍsa n yiɛdawen ad.
Taggara fell-i trewleḍ Anneɣ ur tḥebbreḍ I teḍsa n yiɛdawen
Amedyaz iqreḥ-it wul-is, yeččur d iɣeblan, yecḥen ɣef tin iḥemmel, lexdaɛ ixlef-d deffir-s karuh i tin iḥemmel, yeḥqed wul-is fell-as. Yuɣal-as am yir targit akken ad t-ḥulfu s wuzzu i yezza netta, imenna ur tetthenni, idɛa-as ad as-yebru win ara tt-yaɣen.Tayri-nni akk i as-yettbuddu s wul yeṣfan zeddigen, truḥ deg yiwen was, texlef-d karuh d leḥqed d yir amenni, teǧǧa-t yeɣreq deg yiɣeblan d lehmum d leǧruḥ ur nhellu:
Ad am-baqiɣ yir sslam Wi kem-yuɣen ad sfilteɣ Ad kem-id-yerr deg sebɛeyyam
Yir sslam, ad kem-id-yerr, sfilteɣ, d awalen i d yettawin ɣef leḥqed d karuh d yir amenni.
Deg usefru «Tatut», amedyaz ussan-is uɣalen rẓag-it, d alili, ur izmir ara ad iɛac mebla tin iḥemmel.
Ǧǧet-iyi ad nfuɣ Nfuɣ, aẓar-is NF: yenfa, neffu, lmenfi: d ahajar.
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Deg usefru «Ay iẓri yesrindimen », amedyaz ur yezmir ara ad yettu tin akken i iḥemmel xas tebɛed ɣef wallen-is, yuɣal ula mi ara yemdel allen-is ad tid-ass di tirga, acku d ul-is i tezdeɣ, tettban-d limarat n usentel deg:
Amek ara ttuɣ
Xas akka mbaɛadent wallen Mbaɛadent, BƐD: yebɛed, lbeɛd, abɛad.
Deg usefru «Aɣrib», amedyaz iɛac deg lɣerba, yeǧǧa wid akk i iḥemmel, iruḥ ihujer yeffeɣ tamurt, tečča-t lɣerba.
Taggara huǧreɣ rewlaɣ Ǧiɣ lalla-s n tullas Wissen ma d aɣrib ar amteɣ Ǧiɣ:eǧǧ, yeǧǧa, tiǧǧin, d anamek n uhajer.
Aɣrib, ƔRB: lɣerba.
Ayen i d-yemmalen belli amedyaz yewwi-d asefru-agi ɣef tinn akken iḥemmel:
Ma d taqcict-nni kelxeɣ Ass mi senniɣ akem-aɣeɣ
Awalen-agi d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i icudden ɣer usentel n lfiraq. Tafelwit n tegrumma n yiferdisen isnilsayen:
Udem n teḥbibt Azwel n usefru
Tayunin n umawal
Ifyar
35 -Uzzu n tayri -Tayri,
lḥub,leɛceq
Yenɣa-yi wuzzu n tayri D ajenwi n lḥubb i yi-izlan Asmi akken i d-uddreɣ leɛceq
-Lexdaɛ n teḥbibt
-Ur twahmeḍ -Tḍeqreḍ, teǧǧiḍ, yesselqaf, tleɛbeḍ, lqef
Lemḥiba-w akken i t-ḍeqreḍ Teǧǧiḍ ul-iw yesselqaf Tlaɛbeḍ yis-i am lqef
-Seḥseb -Trewleḍ, thujreḍ
Taggara fell-i trewleḍ Anneɣ ur tḥebbreḍ I taḍsa n yiɛdawen
-Lfiraq n teḥbibt -Tatut -Nfuɣ, ttuɣ Ǧǧet-iyi ad nfuɣ Amar ad ttuɣ
-Aɣrib -Aɣrib, afrux, ǧǧiɣ, hujreɣ, rewleɣ
Tagara huǧreɣ rewlaɣ Ǧiɣ lalla-s n tullas
Wissen ma d aɣrib ar amteɣ
-Ay iẓri yesrindimen
-Mbaɛadent wallen
Amek ara ttuɣ
Xas akka mbaɛadt wallen
2-3-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «Taɛeggalt»:
Tameṭṭut «taɛeggalt», seg wudmawen i yefka umedyaz i tmeṭṭut, d nettat i d tigejdit, fell-as i ibedd uxxam. Ladɣa mi ara tesɛu dderya asen-tili d timɛiwent ad t-sahher fell-asen seg mi meẓẓeyit alma uɣalen d imeqranen.
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Aṭas n wudmawen i d-as-yefka Maɛtub Lwennas, yewwi-d ɣef tɛeggalt taxeddaɛt d lfiraq-is.
Deg usefru «Mi kem-ẓriɣ», amedyaz iɛac deg lejruḥ ur nḥellu i d as-d-teǧǧa tin iḥemmel, imi ayen akken i d-ɛacen s tayri zeddigen ḥlawen yekfa ur yeǧǧi later. Amedyaz yettlumu, yeɛteb ɣef tin iḥemmel imi terwel, ur d-tenuda ara fell-as:
Acimi trewleḍ acimi ur d-tennuḍaḍ ara
Teǧǧa-t truḥ tedda d wayeḍ, ur txemmem i uxxam teǧǧa deffir-s, limarat n usentel :
Teǧǧiḍ axxam thujreḍ Teɣliḍ deg rebbi n wayeḍ
Tesɛiḍ dderya Ass-a mačči gw-iman-im
Teǧǧiḍ axxam thujreḍ, teɣliḍ deg urebbi n wayeḍ, dderya, mačči n yiman-im: awalen-agi ssebganen-d belli d taɛeggalt-is, d tameṭṭu i yuɣ, taggara terwel fell-as, teǧǧa axxam-is, ur tecliɛ deg warraw-is, truḥ tbeddel-it s wayeḍ.
Deg usefru «Lmeḥna», amedyaz yesseḥseb acimi t-teǧǧa tin iḥemmel, yebɣa-tt seg wul yeṣfan, iɛuhed-itt mi tt-yuɣ ur tt-yettbeddil, ur tt-yettaǧa ḥaca ma tekka-d seg-s nettat, yeḥseb-itt am netta, maca fɣent-as-d tirga mxalfa.
Fkiɣ lahed mi kem-uɣaɣ Siwa ma tekka-d s gam
Ɣas akken texdeɛ-it tin iḥemmel maca mazal-tt tedder deg wul-is ur tt-yettu ara, ur yeqḍiɛ ara layas deg tayri-s.
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Tuɣaḍ abrid ur d-uɣalaḍ Tabburt m-itt-tleddiḍ tettu-ḍ
Win ad kem-yaɣen azekka D udem-iw ad m-d-ittbanen deg-s
Argaz d tmeṭṭut d tigejda n uxxam, tikwal ttmagaren-d uguren ad yilin d sseba n lfiraq d beṭṭu gar-asen, ayagi yewɛar fell-asen deg sin ama d argaz ama d tameṭṭut.
Ǧamila d zzwaǧ-is amenzu, yettmenni ad yebnu yid-s axxam. Malika Matoub deg udlis i tura tenna-d: «Lounes rêvait de fonder avec elle un foyer, de construire une maison qui soit enfin à lui dans le village».1
Deg usefru «Ǧamila», yezdeɣ ccek gar umedyaz d tmeṭṭut-is, limarat n usentel :
Seg zik tettcukuḍ-iyi Teqqareḍ-as ma iḥemmel-iyi
Lesnin i d-sɛeddan akk ččuren-t d lehmum d yiɣilifen, ur la meẓran, ur la tt-ɣiman lwaḥid akken ad m-yeḥkun iɣeblan-nsen,ama d ass, ama d iḍ.
Sebɛa snin i nesɛedda Qlilit tmeqwa n lehna
Ussan akk d aɣilif Deg uzal ur k-ẓarreɣ ara Deg yiḍ ur d-tkečmeḍ ara
1
MATOUB. M., Matoub Lounes mon frère, avec la collaboration de Nourdine Sadi. Ed. Allin Michel, Paris, 1999, P 95.
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Deg usefru-agi, sseba i yeǧǧan amedyaz ad yefreq d tɛeggalt-is d lmut, limarat n usentel:
Isem-ik ur yemḥa
Tifem-iyi s wid yemmuten (yertaḥen) Ak-yefk amkan di ṛṛeḥma
Ɣas akken iɛedda lḥif fell-as maca ur tezmir ara ad teḥqed fell-as, ad tekreh, limarat n usentel:
Xas cewḍeɣ ur zhiɣ ara *Tafelwit n tegrumma n yiferdisen isnilsayen: Udem n tɛeggalt Azwel n
usefru Tayunin n umawal Ifyar -Lexdaɛ n tɛeggalt
-Mi kem ẓriɣ -Trewleḍ, thujreḍ, teɣliḍ deg rebbi n wayeḍ
Teɣliḍ deg rebbi n wayeḍ Teǧǧiḍ axxam tehujreḍ
-Lmaḥna - Teldiḍ tawwurt, ur d-tuɣaleḍ
Tuɣaḍ abrid ur d-uɣalaḍ Tabburt m-itt-tleddiḍ tettu-ḍ
-Lfiraq n tɛeggalt
-Ǧamila -Lmut, yemḥa, amkan di rreḥma
Isem-ik ur yemḥa Tifem-iyi s wid yemmuten (yertaḥen) Ak-yefk amkan di ṛṛeḥma
39 2-4-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «tayellit»:
Deg usefru «Kenza», asentel n tmeṭṭut «tayellit», yettban-d s wudem usrid, limarat n usentel:
A kenza yell-i
Amedyaz deg usefru-agi, yettweṣṣi yell-is ad teṣber i lmeḥna iɛeddan ɣef tmurt, ad teḥbes imeṭṭawen.
A kenza yelli Ṣber-as i lmeḥna
A kenza yelli Ur ttru ara
Yessaram ad d-yaweḍ wass ad d-tawi tmurt tilelli ad tecbu timura nniḍen. F lǧerḥ iqcer ad d-yali
Ad d-nban gar tmura *Tafelwit n tegrumma n yiferdisen isnilsayen: Udem n tyellit Azwel n
usefru
Tayunin n umawal Ifyar
-Aweṣṣi ɣef tyellit
-Kenza -Yelli, Kenza A Kenza yelli
2-5-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taweltmat»:
Deg usefru «tiɣri ugujil», amedyaz yemmeslay-d ɣef weltma-s, d uweṣṣi i t-weṣṣa yemma-s i wakken ad yili s idi-is ur tt-yettaǧa ara, imi d nitni i ɣef terɣa tassa-is, asentel n tweltmat yusa-d s wudem usrid, limarat n usentel:
40
A mm-i ḥadar watma-k Ur ttaǧ’ara
Nadi-tt ma yella teɛreq-ak Fll-awen i tecwaḍ tasa Udem n
tweltmat
Azwel n usefru
Tayunin n umawal Ifyar
-Aweṣṣi ɣef tyellit
-Tiɣri n ugujil -ḥader weltma-k, nadi, ur ttaǧa ara
A mm-i ḥadar watma-k Ur ttaǧ’ara
Nadi-tt ma yella teɛreq-ak
3-Asentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis: 3-1-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «tayemmat»:
Deg usefru «D aɣrib ur zegreɣ lebḥer», amedyaz ibɛed ɣef lwaldin-is, iɛac d aɣrib deg tmurt-is, asentel n tyemmat yusa-d s wudem usrid s wawal lwaldin.
D aɣrib ur zegreɣ lebḥer Beɛden lwaldin fell-i
Beɛden, BƐD: yebɛed, lbeɛd, abɛad. Aɣrib, ƔRB: lɣerba.
Awalen-agi d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i d-yessebganen asentel n lfiraq. Aɣbel izedɣen lwaldin i merra, d rrwaḥ n mmi-tsen ɣer lɛesker aladɣa tayemmat, dima tassa-s tezza ɣef mmi-s. Amedyaz yerra iman-is d aɣrib ur
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yezgir lebḥer ɣas akken deg tmurt-is i yella, acku ijarreb tamɛict yessufri di lɛesker, ula d leɛyud ur ten-yesɛedda d yimawlen-is.
Nurǧa laɛyud s wallen Nettxemmim m ad aɣ-serrḥen
Udem n tmeṭṭut «tayemmat» deg usefru «tameṭṭut», yettban-d s wudem usrid: Nelli-d allen-nneɣ
Ɛqel-itt d yemma-k
Tayemmat tettṛebbi tassa ɣef mmi-s, tettagad fell-as, ass deg ad iɛeṭṭel ur d-ikeccem ara s axxam iḍ akk ur teggan. Ad tettxemmim ma yečča, ma yeswa.
Tergagi tassa-s Ma ur d-yekcim mmi-s Tergagi aẓar RG : argigi, rgigi.
-La yettergigi seg usemmiḍ.
-Tergagi tassa-s, tcarrew-d, yella wacu tt-iceɣben. Tassa: d uzzu n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s.
Deg usefru «yebḍa wul-iw» amedyaz yewwi-d deg-s ɣef tugdi n yimawlan ɣef mmi-tsen, lwaldin i merra ttagaden ɣef dderya-nsen, aladɣa tayemmat, tegged ad d-tawi yelli-s n medden weḥd-s, ad as-tekkes leḥbab-is, ula d yemma-s ad as-tt-tekkes, limarat n usentel:
Tebɣiḍ taqcict ad k-teḥweṣ Tin ara k-yawin weḥd-s Leḥbab-ik ak-ten-tekkes
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Yemma-s ad tt-terr d yemma-k
Taqcict ad k-teḥwes: ad tawi, ad tessebɛed ɣef imawlan-is d leḥbab-is.
Awalen-agi d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i d-yemmalen tugdi n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s.
Amedyaz yewwi-d asefru am wakken d adiwenni gar lwaldin d mmi-tsen. Ul-is yebḍa ɣef sin, seg tama bɣan-as lwaldin-Ul-is ad yezweǧ d yelli-s n xalti-s, tettban-d limarat n usentel deg:
Nebɣa yelli-s n xalti-k A k-tcebbeḥ ddunit-ik Seg tama nniḍen, ul-is imal ɣer tin ixtar, iḥemmel: Ɣef tin yebɣa lxaṭer-iw Ma yuɣeɣ yelli-s n xalti Yuɣeɣ : aɣ, tiɣin.
Yuɣ-d ikerri
Bɣiɣ ad aɣeɣ tin ḥemmleɣ : ad yezweǧ.
Tafelwit n tegrumma n yiferdisen isnilsayen: Udem n
tyemmat
Azwel n usefru Tayunin n umawal
Ifyar
-Tugdi n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s
-Tameṭṭut -Tergagi, tassa, tefka ayla
Tergagi tassa-s
Ma ur d-yekcim mmi-s -Yebḍa wul-iw -Teḥwes, tawi,
tekkes
Tebɣiḍ taqcict ad k-teḥwes Leḥbab-ik ak-ten-tekkes -Lfiraq n tyemmat -D aɣrib ur zegreɣ lebḥer -Aɣrib, beɛdent, ctaqeɣ
D aɣrib ur zegreɣ lebḥer Beɛden lwaldin fell-i
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Ad waliɣ wid ctaqeɣ
-Tayemmat d zzwaǧ n mmi-s
-Yebḍa wul-iw -Nebɣa-ak, yuɣeɣ Ma yuɣeɣ yelli-s n xalti Nebɣa yelli-s n xalti-k
3-2-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taḥbibt»:
Tayri n tmeṭṭut d asentel agejdan i ɣef yecna Ayt Mengellet. «Deg yisefra n tayri yecna Lewnis, tayri n tmeṭṭut, d iswi n tayri n umedyaz, teṭṭef adeg meqqren.»1
Deg usefru «Ɣef yisem-im», amedyaz yewwi-d asefru-agi ɣef tin iḥemmel, yis i yettwali ccbaḥa n uxxam, d iṭij d-icerqen deg wussan qessiḥen n ccetwa, limarat n usentel:
A tin ssi yecbeḥ uxxam Tcerqeḍ iṭij di ccetwa
Deg usefru-agi, taḥbibt n umedyaz ɛzizet fell-as, icuba-tt ɣer yiṭij mi ara d-yecreq deg ccetwa, imi iṭij n ccetwa ɛziz
Deg usefru «Tafat», amedyaz yewwi-d awal ɣef tin iḥemmel, tin ɣef yesleb, ilmeẓyen akk bɣan-tt, ula d tiqcicin ttasment seg-s, limarat n usentel:
Ilemẓi teǧǧiḍ-t yeṣker Tilemẓit seg-m tusem Aẓar-im yuɣ-d akk ul-iw
1
CHERBI.M.,KHOUAS.A., op-cit, p 87. «Dans toutes les chansons sentimentales de lounis, la femme, objet de l’amour de poète, occupe une place priviligée.»
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Lḥubb yeskaw ifaden
Lhubb aẓar-is: LḤB: iḥemmel, iḥub, leḥmala, lemḥiba, lḥubb.
Deg usefru «Ǧamila», amedyaz yemmeslay-d ɣef ccbaḥa n tin iḥemmel, asentel n tmeṭṭut yusa-d s wudem usrid deg usefru-agi s limarat-agi:
A Ǧamila
Yessaram ad d-yass wass i deg ad s-yehḍer ɣef wayen yettḥulfu, d nettat i d lehna, d lwerd icebḥen, amedyaz isḥer-it zzin n tin iḥemmel, yugad ad yuɣal d ameslub.
Yibbwas ma nemlal Ad as-iniɣ Ferḥeɣ mi d-tḍal Bezzaf i ɣ-teɛǧeb
Deg usefru «Beɛdeɣ tebɛed», Amedyaz yewwi-d awal ɣef lexdaɛ n tin akken i iḥemmel, tkellex-it, mačči akken i tt-yessen i teqqim, tbeddel fell-as, limarat n usentel:
Yezga-d lḥubb nneɣ yettwaɣ Ass-nni ɣileɣ
Iwiɣ-d lexyer gar tullas
Awal ɣileɣ, amedyaz d ccek i t-izedɣen, am wakken yella wayen d-yeḍran yakan, yeẓra yezmer lḥal ad t-texdaɛ tin iḥemmel.
Segmi t-teǧǧa tin iḥemmel, yeṛwa lmeḥna, xerben wussan-is, siwa iɣeblan i d-yeggran, texlef-as-d ccwal d lemḥani.
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Acuɣer tbeddelḍ awal Sfehm-iyi Acu d ssebba n ccwal
D acu i ufiɣ Siwa ccwal d lemḥayen Tbeddleḍ: teǧǧa-t, tedbeɛ abrid-nniḍen
Deg usefru «Ruḥ ǧǧiyi», amedyaz teǧǧa-t tin iḥemmel, truḥ ad t-nadi wayeḍ, tettu akk ussan sɛeddan akken. Maca deg ddunit-agi ayen txedmeḍ ad d-tafeḍ, ula d nettat a d-yas wass i deg ara tettwaxdeɛ ad yeɛyu deg-s win tebɣa.
Isuḍ-d waḍu tedda Tḍeger kra tesɛedda Ih ruḥ eǧǧ-iyi ma teɛyiḍ Ad tafeḍ win ara deg-m yeɛyun
Tḍegreḍ, aẓar-is ḌQR: aḍeqqer, iḍeqqer, mi ad tḍeqreḍ kra lmaɛna-s ur as-tefkiḍ ara azal, teɛyiḍ deg-s.
Teɛyiḍ: ɛeyyu, yeɛya, teɛya deg win tḥemmel.
Deg usefru «Selbeɣ», amedyaz yewwi-t-id ɣef ṛṛwaḥ n tin iḥemmel, teǧǧat weḥdes tedda akked wayeḍ. Ma d netta teǧǧa uli-s d ameḥzun, yeḥreq, izdeɣ-it waṭan.
Selbeɣ ḥerqeɣ Zgiɣ uḍneɣ
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Ur yurǧa ara ad d-yekk seg-s waya, iḥemmel-it, yurǧa seg-s lferḥ.Ayen i d as-texdem yessufeɣ-it i leɛqel-is. Leḥmala akk i t-ḥemmel thuddit ɣer lsas, tekfa, ur d-yegri kra gar-asen.
Yeffeɣ-i leɛqel Ger wallen-iw asmi tedda
Ki diyi-tḥemmel
Yeɣli deg-yibbwas yekfa Awalen: tedda, yeɣli, yekfa d anamek n lfiraq.
Deg usefru « A ṭṭejra ilili », amedyaz yewwi-d ɣef tin iḥemmel, i t-ixedɛen, i t-iɣeḍren, imi ayen akk yessaram seg-s ur t-yerbiḥ, tayri, lehna d usirem, siwa leḥzen d lemḥayen i d-yerbeḥ. Icuba tin iḥemmel ɣer ṭṭejra ilili, ilili yecbaḥ, yettak-d azeǧǧig maca rẓag. Akken ula d tin iḥemmel, s beṛṛa tecbeḥ, tezyen, ɣer daxel ul-is d arẓagan, d aqesḥan, limarat n usentel:
A ṭṭejra ilili Izyen lwerd-im Aɛzizeḍ i tmuɣli D arẓagan wul-im
Amedyaz yesmenyif lefraq d tin i tixedɛen ɣef leslaḥ gar-asen. Ṛuḥ a mm tḥileţ
Lfiraq axir Abrid-im iteţţ Tendiḍ ticeṛkeţ
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Teṭṭef-iyi s tideţ At-tṛuḥeḍ felli
Tiḥilet, ticerket: d azamul n leɣder, d win tebɣiḍ ad txedɛeḍ i wumi ad tendiḍ ticerket.
Deg usefru «Lwiza», Asentel n tmeṭṭut deg usefru-agi yusa-d s wudem usrid, limarat n usentel :
Ṣber a lwiza
Amedyaz yewwi-d asefru-agi ɣef lefraq-is netta d tin iḥemmel, ass mi iruḥ yebɛed fell-as, allen-is d asureg issurugent s yimeṭi, ul-is iḥzen yeččur d lxiq, ileḥḥu ur yeẓri anda ara yerr, yuɣal d ameslub, limarat n usentel :
Asmi ruḥeɣ
Seg meṭṭi ɛedment wallen Amzun selbeɣ Leḥḥuɣ iberdan ɛerqen
Amedyaz ur yezmir ara ad yeṣber i lefraq d tin iḥemmel, xas akken yebɛed fell-as, ur tt-yettu ara dima yettmekti-tt-id.
Tteswira-m Di lǧib-iw trufqiyi
Deg usefru «Acḥal heḍreɣ fell-am», amedyaz yewwi-d asefru-agi ɣef leḥmala neɣ tayri mi ad tili seg yiwet n tama, dagi d lmektub i d-yusan d ugur i tayri n umedyaz d lefraq-is ɣef tin iḥemmel, acku tin akken i iḥemmel ur t-tebɣi ara, ur tḥulfa ara i tayri-s, d zzher, d lmektub. Ayagi yeǧǧa ul-is d amejruḥ yeččur d ccwami, limarat n usentel:
48
Lukan d ssaɛd ikesbeɣ Ad iliɣ d win tebɣiḍ
Imi d zzheṛ nnuɣeɣ Aqli seg widen tenɣiḍ Amedyaz, iḥemmel-itt deg tuffra, nettat ur teẓri ara.
Acḥal ḥkiɣ f ṣṣifa-m Walaɣ-kem ur di-twalaḍ Iḥemmel taḥnint-is siwa nettat i yettwali gar tullas.
Muqleɣ ger tezyiwin-im Siwa kem i d-yufraren
«A tin iɣaben am yetri», asefru-agi yewwi-t-id umedyaz ɣef lbaɛd, leɣyab d lefraq-is d tin iḥemmel, d lwaḥc i d-as-d-teǧǧa, imi yella yis i yetwennes ɣer taggara yeqqim-d weḥdes, limarat n usentel n tmeṭṭut taḥbibt:
Rran aɛjar ɣef wudem-is
Ayet Mengellet Lewnis icuba tin iḥemmel deg usefru-agi ɣer yetri yettaken tafat i igenni, akken ula d tin iḥemmel i teḍwa-d ul-is d ddunit-is s tafat. Tebɛed fell-as akken yebɛed yetri ɣef tmurt, truḥ teǧǧa-t yeɣreq deg leḥzen d imeṭṭi.
A tin iɣaben am yetri Yeɛreq wanida iteddu Yeḥzen waggur deg genni
49 Iɣaben: ƔB, leɣyab, lɣiba, iɣab, d lbaɛd.
Deg usefru «Ma selbeɣ» amedyaz yura tabrat i tin iḥemmel, deg-s yessawaḍ-as sslam, iḥekku-yessawaḍ-as ɣef wayen i t-yerḥan d wayen i t-iceɣben, imi lefraq-is yeǧǧat d ameḥzun, yeɣreq deg iɣeblan, ddunit tuɣal-as d ilili.Fell-as yegguma ad yeṣber.
Ma selbeɣ lexbar siwḍ-it Ttxilem a tabrat inas
Ur ksaneɣ ara Rẓaget felli ddunit Seg wasmi beɛdeɣ fellas
Ur ṣbireɣ ara Tabrat: d allal i usiweḍ n yizen.
Amedyaz yal tikelt mi ad iwali tullas, ad d-yemmekti taḥbibt-is, ad tid-yuɣal ucedhi, ad d-iḥerrek wul-is, limarat n usentel tettban-d:
Mi walaɣ ɛeddant tullas Yergagi wul-iw
Awal tullas, d limarat i yettwehhin ɣer usentel n tmeṭṭut.
Asefru «Ma truḍ» yewwi-d ɣef lfiraq n umedyaz d tin iḥemmel, seg wass mi tt-yeǧǧa, yeḥzen wul-is, yezga d imeṭṭi fell-as, yuɣal d ameslub, aṭas i iṣber maca ur yektib ara lmektub gar-asen.
Yeḥzen wul mi kem yeǧǧa T-tin ɛzizen furqeɣ
50
A m-iniɣ udem-iw ttu-t Furqeɣ FRQ : lefraq, furqaɣ, faruq, beṭṭu.
Deg usefru«Wa ara sḍelmeɣ», amedyaz yessefray ɣef lefraq-is d tin iḥemmel, sseba n beṭṭu-agi d-yellan gar-asen d zzwaǧ, imi nettat tettraju ad as-d-yehḍer ɣef zzwaǧ-is, d lawan ad tt-yexḍeb ad dduklen ad awḍen lebɣi n wulawen-nsen, ad ɛacen deg tayri alma yefna leɛmer. Maca netta ur yewjid ara ad yeg axxam, yeggugem ur d as-d-yebdir ara zzwaǧ. Nettat ur teṣbir fell-as, truḥ teǧǧa-t ul-is d ameḥzun ɛemren-t iɣeblan, deg sin ur msefhamen, limarat n usentel:
Tmuqel-iyi-d mi tt-muqleɣ Tettraǧu m ad as-heḍreɣ
Ɣef zzwaǧ-is Di later-is yedda later-iw
Assagi teǧǧa-yi rɣiɣ Ma tettu-iyi Ɣef leɣyab-is
Awalen: ruḥeɣ, selbeɣ, iɣaben, teǧǧiḍ, tabrat, beɛdeɣ d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i usentel n lfiraq.
Deg usefru «Ixef yettrun», amedyaz yuɣ tiyita i ɣef ur yedmi, ass-nni deg i t-tefureq teɛzizt-is, truḥ i lebda mebla tuɣalin, truḥ ɣer ṛṛeḥma n Ṛebbi.
La qqareɣ kan tɣabeḍ Kemmin’ assen tekfiḍ Assen tertaḥeḍ ur teẓriḍ
51
Tbaneḍ-iyi-d amzun teṭṭseḍ
Amedyaz, yessaram ad as-d-inin d taguni kan i teṭṭes, urɛad d-tekkir. Lɣaci bran i wallen nsen imi ẓran belli d lmut i temmut d lmuḥal ad d-tekker.
Muqleɣ albeɛḍ a d-yini T-tanekra i mazal tekkreḍ
La ttmuquleɣ di lɣaci Bran s wallen akw ẓran
Tiyita-agi qerriḥet ɣef umedyaz, ul-is yettwajerḥen, d tassa-s yerɣan ɣef tin iḥemmel d lweḥc i d as-d-teǧǧa. Amedyaz yekfer s Ṛebbi sebḥanu, iseḍlem-it, acku yekkes-as tin iḥemmel, yeǧǧa-t d awḥid, yeɣreq deg yimeṭṭi yeḥzen.
Ɣas ad beddleɣ lmektub Ma yenna-d Ṛebbi tjehleḍ
A s-iniɣ tebbwiḍ ddnub
Awalen: teṭṭseḍ, mazal tekreḍ, tertaḥeḍ, tekfiḍ d azeṭṭa amawalan asnumkan i d-yessebganen asentel n lmut.
*Tafelwit n tegrumma n yiferdisen isnilsayen: Udem n teḥbibt Azwel n
usefru
Tayunin n umawal
Ifyar
-Taḥbibt d tayri -Ɣef yisem-im
-Ɛziz, terḥid, tzedɣeḍ uli-iw
A tin ssi yecbeḥ wexxam Tcerqeḍ iṭij di ccetwa
-Tafat -Lḥub, lǧarḥ, ccwami
Aẓar-im yuɣ-d akk ul-iw Lḥubb yeskaw ifaden
52
D leǧraḥ mebla ccwami -Ǧamila -Teɛǧeb, nesleb, nerḥa, yecbeḥ Bezzaf i ɣ-teɛǧeb Fell-am nerḥa I-gecbeɣ yisem-im -Lexdaɛ n teḥbibt -Beɛdeɣ tebɛed -Lhub yettwaɣ, ccwal, urfan, ccama, yettru
Yezga lḥubb nneɣ yettwaɣ Acuɣer tbeddelḍ awal Acu d ssebba n ccwal Siwa ccwal d lemḥayen -Ruḥ ǧǧi-iyi -Iḍegger,
teɛyiḍ, eǧǧ, tbeddel, abrid yewwin, lehmum, ttruɣ
Tḍeger kra tesɛedda Ih ruḥ eǧǧ-iyi ma teɛyiḍ Ad tafeḍ win ara deg-m yeɛyun -Selbeɣ -Ḥerqeɣ, selbeɣ, ilil, teǧǧa, yessexreb, yekfa lhub Selbeɣ ḥerqeɣ
Ger wallen-iw asmi tedda Yeɣli deg-yibbwas yekfa Teǧǧa-d ṭṭejr-w teqqur
-A ṭṭjra ilili -Ruḥ am tḥilet, nemsexsar, ur tuklaleḍ, ticerket, abrid-im itett Ṛuḥ a mm tḥileţ Lfiraq axir Abrid-im iteţţ Tendiḍ ticeṛkeţ Teṭṭef-iyi s tideţ At-tṛuḥeḍ felli
-Lfiraq n teḥbibt -Lwiza -Ruḥeɣ,
beqqaɣ sslam, teǧǧiḍ-iyi
Seg meṭṭi ɛedment wallen Asmi ruḥeɣ
Leḥḥuɣ iberdan ɛerqen Beqqaɣ sslam
53 -A tin iɣaben am yetri -Iɣaben, yeɛreq, teǧǧiḍ, truḥ, maɛac
A tin iɣaben am yetri Yeɛreq wanida iteddu Yeḥzen waggur deg genni Yeḥzen win teǧǧiḍ yettru
-Ma selbeɣ -Beɛdeɣ Seg wasmi beɛdeɣ fell-as -Ma truḍ -Furqeɣ,
yeǧǧa, tewwi-d, ttu
Yeḥzen wul mi kem yeǧǧa T-tin ɛzizen furqeɣ
A m-iniɣ udem-iw ttu-t
-W’ara sḍelmeɣ -Ḍegren, yedda later, teǧǧa-iyi, leɣyab, rɣiɣ
Di later-is yedda later-iw Assagi teǧǧa-yi rɣiɣ Ma tettu-iyi
Ɣef leɣyab-is -Lmut n teḥbibt -Ixef yettrun -Tertaḥeḍ,
tekfiḍ, teṭṭseḍ
La qqareɣ kan tɣabeḍ Kemmin’ assen tekfiḍ Assen tertaḥeḍ ur teẓriḍ Tbaneḍ-iyi-d amzun teṭṭseḍ
3-3-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «tayellit»:
Asentel n tmeṭṭut «tayellit», deg usefru «tameṭṭut», yettban-d s wudem usrid, limarat n usentel:
Nelli-d allen-nneɣ Ɛqel-itt d yell-ik
54
Deg usefru-agi amedyaz yeww-id awal ɣef tlalit n teqcict, zik-nni, tettas-d s tsusmi, ass mi ara d-tlal d ass aberkan, ababat ur iferreḥ yis.
Tlul-d di tsusmi Ur telli tmeɣra
Akka zik-nni Udem n tyellit Azwel n
usefru
Tayunin n umawal Ifyar
-Talalit n teqcict deg tmetti
taqbaylit.
-Tameṭṭut -Yelli-k, tlul-d Nelli-d allen-nneɣ Ɛqel-itt d yell-ik Tlul-d di tsusmi
3-4-Isefra icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut «taweltmat»:
Deg usefru «tameṭṭut», yewwi-d kra n yifyar ɣef tweltmat iḥemlen atmaten-is, yesɛan lḥenna ɣer-sen, yettɛawanen yemma-s deg ttrebga-s, limarat n usentel n tmeṭṭut taweltmat tettban-d s wudem usrid :
Nelli-d allen-nneɣ Ɛqel-itt d weltma-k Udem n tweltmat Azwel n usefru
Tayunin n umawal Ifyar
-Leḥnana n tweltmat
-Tameṭṭut -Weltma-k Nelli-d allen-nneɣ Ɛqel-itt d weltma-k
55 Tagrayt:
Ɣer taggara n uḥric-agi, nessaweḍ ad d-nessebgen tamuɣli n Maɛtub Lwennas d tin n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis i usentel n tmeṭṭut, d wudmawen yemgaraden i d-as-fkan. Deg sin fkan azal i tmeṭṭut maca yal yiwen d acu d udem i d-as-yefka.
57 Tazwart:
Deg uḥric-agi ad neɛreḍ ad nwali ayen deg yettemcabi d wayen deg yettemgarad usentel n tmeṭṭut deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas d tin n Ayt Mengellet Lewnis, ad neɛreḍ ad nsserwes gar wudmawen i yefka Maɛtub Lwennas i tmeṭṭut d wid i as-yefka Ayt Mengellet Lewnis.
1-Tameṭṭut d tayemmat:
Tayemmat deg tmedyazt Maɛtub Tayemmat deg tmedyazt Ayt Mengellet
Udem Asefru Udem
Asefru -Tugdi n tyemmat -Ay ixef-iw -Tugdi n tyemmat -Tameṭṭut
-Yebḍa wul-iw -Lfiraq n
tyemmat
-A yemma yemma anda akka teddiḍ
-A yemma ɛzizen -A yemma ad mteɣ ur kem-ẓarreɣ
-Lfiraq n tyemmat -D aɣrib ur zeggreɣ lebḥer
-Lmut n tyemmat -Tiɣri ugujil Ø 1 Ø -Ttar n tyemmat -Ttar-im
am-tid-rreɣ
Ø Ø
-Tayemmat d zzwaǧ n mmi-s.
-Ẓriɣ acu -Tayemmat d zzwaǧ n mmi-s
-A lwaldin aneft-iyi
Yal yiwen seg yimedyazen-agi yessefra ɣef tyemmat, yecna ɣef tugdi n tyemmat ɣef mmi-s, maca yella wanda mgaraden deg tmuɣli.
1
58
Deg tmedyazt n Maɛtub Lwennas, tayemmat d tin yezgan tetqelleq ɣef mmi-s, d tin yettḥebbiren amek teḍra d mmi-s, ayagi yettban-d deg usefru «Ay ixef-iw»:
Yeggum as yebru lweswas Ul ad yettcetki meɛḍur Amek teḍra d lwennas-iw
Ula d Ayt Mengellet Lewnis deg usefru «tameṭṭut» tejmeɛ-it yiwet n tmuɣli d Maɛtub ɣef tyemmat yettqelliqen ɣef mmi-s:
Tergagi tassa-s Ma ur d-yekcim mmi-s
Ayet Mengellet yerna-d tayeḍ n tmuɣli ɣef tugdi-agi n tyemmat, deg usefru «yebḍa wul-iw» yewwi-d ɣef tyemmat yugaden seg tin iḥemmel mmi-s ad as-t-kkes, ad tawi, ad yebɛed ɣef yemma-s:
Tebɣiḍ taqcict ak-teḥwes Tin ara k-yawin weḥdes Leḥbab-ik ak-ten-tekkes
Lfiraq n tyemmat i ɣef cnan imedyazen-agi d udem-nniḍen i fkan i tyemmat, Maɛtub aṭas n yisefra i d-yewwi ɣef lfiraq, yal asefru yemgarad ɣef wayeḍ. Deg usefru «A yemma yemma anda akka teddiḍ» yettales-d liḥala deg yella mi ulac yemma-s ɣer yidis-is:
Teɣli-iyi tduli Ifetti ugris fell-i Yenɣa-iyi usemmiḍ
