MAY 10

CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES

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'A~DES

OF PENTECOSTAL

TEA~Jt~

IN NEWFOUNDLAND

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TOWARD APPROPRIATE STRATEGIES. FQR RESOLVI~G

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ASS~

IN COLLECnvE_ BAAGAIN'iNo

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~Frederick David Rldac)ut, B.A¥, B.Ed.

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A theafa .,,aae"nted to the Sqhoof

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Facu.lty ~~ Education

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. Department of Edu9~t1onal Administration Memorial University of Newfoundland

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July, 1988

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~STRACT ~

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This study was concerned mainly ~ith Pentecostal teachers In Newfoundlanl:f . and their rafus81. to .partlclpata .In iha

d~y 8~thorlzed~ob ~;;;

of partial and complete withdrawal of services, as app.-priate means for resolving Impasses

.. . .

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In the collective bargaining process. The Pentecostal teachers have claimed

~ A ~

that their refusal to'engage In such activity Is an extension of their religious

:~~s~phy, w~fch

piaces education In a parochial context. · Conse·quently,

conslderat:tt. le!'lsion has.

b~en cre~ted

in. the provincial bargaining. unit .. over

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how these teachers can . be accommodated . In ·collective ^{. .}

bargal~lng

^{. .} if. they are ^.. · ^.

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~nwllllng

^to. join their

colle~gue~

^{In these}

mor~

?hllltant Impasse' strategies.

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^.: This s;udy r-as

~avelop~d

to /docUmant ;hO. dlfferf..is betwaan

P~nta;,~~ '--...__

^{. . . ;}

· teacherS and the. rest of the

t~abhlng

.force In the province, on strategies for.:· .

~

resolving Impasses. The.lmp&Sse prof?edure~ examined were mediation and conciliation, fa'ct ffndii'Jg, binding arbitration, final offer arbltratlo~,' lssue~by·lssue

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arbitration, .~ithhol~.9 of ·partial services, withholding of all . services,.

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politics"=-. activity.-aftd_use:_of the media. An _ a~empL.wa.s._afso made to J~Jy-· - - - ----,-

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any Influencing fa<i\ors whicl) might contribute to these differences. The Independent

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va~ia.bl~s

Included for this purpose were

~chool ~ysteni (Pente~ostal

^{or ... no::/.}

:- Pentecostal), teaching certificate level, sex, grade 1!3vel

. .

t~ught (ele.in'9rlt&rY.

or secondah,), . po_siHen, y·eass · of teaching experience, size of .home

t~wn,

school size, degree of . ·JOb satisfaction, rell9lous commltme~t to the· teac~Jrigs

· and practices of . on~'s church, importance assigned t~ one's church, exte'. . nt of union. involvement, !lnd ~egr~e of ·support for denominational schooilng. In addition, the ~tudy als~ sought direction. from the tea9hers as to th~ most acceptable means ·for accommodating the Pentecostals 'ln the. collactlve bargaining

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. process.

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Ttfe qu'esttc:mnalre designed for Jhl~ study was distributed to the total ·

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population of' 3d7 Pen.

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tecostaf teachers, and the same number of

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non-~entecostal v.-

teachers, In the prcwlnce. One way. analysis of variance was used to test for

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·s.lgntfl~:t dlffe~nces

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grou~s, -~hila

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.(stepwise) was used to,examtne the factors Influencing these differences • .

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Significant dlffer~nc'es were found to exist between the Pentecostal' and non·

Pentecostal t~achers with respect to· the use of bo~ partial arid complete wtth~rawal

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of services, political Involvement, an'd the ·us~· ,of' th$ media to res'olve Impasses . In

c~llectlve ~a~gafntng.· _..

_{. .}

. Th~ ~~n~~co~tals ~xpr~ss~d cl~ar

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_.disagreement _. . wlth

pa~l~l

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~omplete ~lthdr~~al

^{of •}

serviC~S

^to

rQS~Ive imp~sses,

^{W.bile .. on .}

politl~al

lnvolve~ent and use of the media they expressed less agreement t~an· their non· .

. . . l . _. . . . . ' .

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__ [ Pef?lecost~l .. cou~terp~~· In .examining factors Influencing such attitudes, only

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.• · · denominational · affiliation (Pentecostal or non-Pentecostal) and sex registered

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as significant when. considering aO ·teachers In the province. ·However, when '

_eentecostal or non-Pentecostal teachers . were analyzed \.Separately, '!'ore. variables

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~ ~~red--the-r~~~~~qyatkuH!s-8flf*~U16' am.---:~-

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The final part of- the study attempted to ascertain---the-views-_.

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of- both . . Penteco~tal and no~·Pen~ecostal teach~ on ways of accommodating ttie ~entepostals

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In coll~ctlv~ bargaining. Ttie · most favoured option· among· Pentecostal teachers

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was thEt ~~eatlon ·Of a separate: bargaining unit with the same bargaining agent,

• • • • • 4 ,

the Newfoundfand , ' TeacherS~ . Ass"Oolatloii.· The non·Pentecostals, . . howaver, . · were

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largely uncertain ·about all ·Of th~ options, with no. clear preference expr~ssed

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for either of the choices ·provided In tfle questionnaire.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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·The advfce, encouragement, i""and,cooperatlon of many people Involved In this

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study Is gratefully acknowledged. A special word of ~hanks Is e>etended to Or.

.

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Hubert Kitchen f9r his supeNislon of the

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thi\t., .In

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the' midst of ^~<

a

host of other

· responslb}lltles. Appreciation• Is ·~so

4

^{expressed to Mrs. ,}Helen Banfield for

• ~ • I

t.Provldlng

lnvaluabl~

computer assistance.

ln 1 prepari~g t~e

dat: foe analysis. ·.

Gratitude Is also given ,to the many teachers who made the time to support

this . study

by .

th~~ ·~artlclpau~a . )rrofasslo~~l bodlaa of he Panla~ostal

. Teac~ers . Fellowship and the Ne~oundlan~ T,eac~er;'' Assoclatlo ^I for providing

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bacl<ground materials related to· the problem; ·the Peritecosfai · Edu · atlon Council, ·

. f~r ^{. ·} hl.~icirlcal a~d ^. p:~~9_?Phlcal, mala~_atS ralat~d ^{. to} that<. sch.,;; · sl'lla~: ^{: , Snd}

to atJ

~the.r:s

^who

help~d

^{In so}

m~ way~

^to

brl~~.

^th.fs

stud~ ~itlon.

· Finally ^{I ..} the .'most lmportar:tt

tt~a~~s

^{Is reseried}

~or .

^my

w~fe1

^{without whose}

~and. en~~-ur~ge_~ent this endeavou~ would _not ~a~e., .been possl~le.

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Who ·can find a ·virtuous woman? For ~r prl~ Is far ~ above. cu~e~. . - . .

· The heart o( her husband doth ·safely tru~t ._In tier, so . that he sh!lll hay~. no. l'leed of spoil •

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do him good and not evil all ·the days of her /

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Is the law of kindneSs.

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· He.r..chfldren· arise :·up. ·and call her

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^{·he'r husband}

also.~ and he pralseth.'har. . . .

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-(PJoverbs '31)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CHAPTER

THE PROBLEM. •.

Introduction ~ • • • • • /. •

Background to the Probl~m • • . ·.

. I ~

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Purpose of the Study • • • • • • · . Research ;;rbtsllons and Hypotheses Definition of Jerms . • •. • •

Umitatlons"6f \he Study/ • •

Delimitations of the Stu~y • • • ... • • • • Organizatlon·of\the Thesis • • •• •• _{• ~r· •}

: \ J . .

II

~~

^Of

RELA~D

LITERATURE • .

lntrodu~lo.n

^{• • •}

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^{• J. . · · · · · · · · · ·1 · • •}

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IV

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Public ~e~us Private ~ctor ~argalnlng .• • • ~-· . Impact ·of Collective\Barg~lnlng. on Education • ••

_Impasse Procedures\

I. . . . . . . . . · . . . . .

Determlnan~of Teac~er Militancy

· In

CollectlkBarga{~lrlg. : • •. • •• • .•.•

ncluslon . "'. .... ,._, . . . . . .

. . I . "'-...,

HISTORICAL AND PHIL:OS9PHICAL·PERSPECTIVE .

I

Introduction • • • • • · . •

Historical Perspective I I • •

.. .

Philosophical Perspe~ive

·Conclusion • • • • •. • ' DESIGN OF THE STUDY

I

Introduction • • • _.

'f .

Th·e .lnJtrument .• . ..

1 ._ , •

Validity • • , • • . ., , . Reliability. • • • • • • Population and &amp e • Collection of Data •. :. • • • • • Analysis of Oat~ • •

ANALYSIS

OF

DATA

Respo'~dents

^{and No ·Resp.ondents}

Methods for Resolvln Impasses

. ..

In Collective Bargaining • • • • . Determinants of Teacher Militancy In

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· 9 9 11 14 14 15

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CHAPTER ·

• •

Accommodating Pentecostal Teacher$

In Collective Bargaining • - • .- D.eno"llnatlonal Schooling. . . . : . .

VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM~NOAnONS .

Summary . • • • . Conclusions . . . Recomm:nd7ns.

REFERENCES ..

·APPENpiX·A ·.Questionnaire.

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. I" • II. .

APPENDIX B • C6Wespondence

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TABlE

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XIII:' DlstLbutlon of ,1ean scores among

P~t~I!OStal

^{_teachers o'f1 P!lrtlal ,}

a.nd complete withdraw~! of services , according. tcextent of union .

• c. • #.

Involvement. • : • • .. ·• • • .

XIV.

~m.:n~~ ~f

^mean

scb~s Jot·· {/

Pentecostal teachers

On

^{partial 1}

xv.-

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·XVI.

withdrawal

of

^services "BCC~rding ~o ^{, 1} sex . • . . . . • . . • . . . . , .

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Sunim~ry Of regre~slon analysis for · • P~e~tal teachers on ·com~e • - •. wlt~drawal of services .~ • -. • • •..

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~

. olstrlbutl~n ot

mean..scores among ·

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PenteCO$tal ~e.achers on complete :withdrawal ·of services according to · ~

years of toachlng experience • • • • • • • •

. . , --- ^'

XVII. " Dlstrfbutlon

of

^?fftta~ scores among , \..

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· Pentecostal teachers. on complete ·

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XVIII. · O~Rbutlon of mean scores· among Pentecostal· 'eachers on complete . -- - - withdrawal of. service~ according td--...

grade level taugh~ . • • • • • . •

#

XIX. Summary of regression analysis for~

" 'non-Peilt~~ostal tes~he~ on·par:tlal )

wlthd~~l

.of

servl~es

.- . • • .. •

. ·.Distribution of r.nean scores afl)ong • •

. ~-~ • XX.

· .· · ~ .: "--~

^~·~ non-Pentecosta't teachers or: partial , ·

. wlthdrawar

of

^s~rvlelJS 'ftccordlng t~ comR)Itment to . the· teachings and practices of one's · __ __, / ~

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Summary of ·reQresslon ana~sls for non-Pentecostal teacher~ on complete

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· Dlatrlbutfon of mean scores among non-Pentecostal teachers on complete

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Differences between Peotecostal and non-Pentecostal teachers on

accommodating Pentecostal teacher'S In the .cofl~ctlve bargaining process ^{o o 0}

. .4?

Distribution· of scores amo.,g Pentecostal and non-Pentecostal teachers on acc~mmodatlng Pentecostai teachers In

th~ collective bargaining .process ^{o o o o 0} . . ' . :·.. if!'

Distribution cf mean scores on Items related

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tceenomlnatlonal schooll~g. ^{0 • 0 o 0 ., 0 0 0 0 0 • •}

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,.

CHAPTER I .

THE: PROSU:M

·1. INTRODUCTION

feachers In

t~e

province of

~ewfouf'dland,

like their colleagues across

(

North America, have ·had tO do· so~e serious thinking over the >past few years

... _,.

- -

..-

about··the nature of their lnvolveme·nt In· collective bargaining ·strategies.

Increasing attention h_as been focussed on· refusals to ~_ngage· In- ~upervlslon·

,

duties, work·tb·rule campaigns;-withdrawal of extra-curricular Involvement, IJOd { ·

st~tt'es .. _.

'

as tactics for resolving Impasses In contract negotiations. In the midst . of ·the qon!inuing dellbera~ions o'3er such Issues, PentecQstal ·teachers..

-

within the province. have added to the tensions by retuslng to join the . majority •

, • • • • . . • • • • • • 0 •

Q

--

^.

of t~!IChers In any typ~ of job action which ~lsrupts the . educat!ona!_ _·service . ~

' . - · - ,t . ...

_being.

~~~vided tstuden~,·

claiming exemption on the basis of religious cor:avictlon.

At present, the ~enllrpents are so strong that' tl)e Pente.costal teachers are

.,PI -

actively pursuing legislative changes to allow them to be accommodated lri a separate bargaining unit:

..

II. BACKGROUND. TO THE PROBLEM

The right to bargain colle~tl~ely, and 'the accompanylf'lg right to strike; were

... .

officially granted to the teachers of Newfoundland In ·1973, after a vigorous

~- . . r'-..._,/~ ~ . .

campaign conducted by the

Nc:twfou~dlaTd

, Teachers\

Asso(JiJ\f~~

(N.T.A.), the organization which .~epresents all teachers wlthfn· the province. An-e·artler'· sala)'y .

~lsputE!~ .1~

^{.1971. had}

;es~:~tte~

^{In a} "selective

withdraw,~

of "1RJrvlces" ·In

~eslgnated .

' • • '<#

schools.

This

experience convinced the Association of the need for . ~ legitimate

~ '

.

_process, entrenched In legislation, for handling fmp~sses ln neg~tl~tlon~ with

. .

the employer, _

. .

which In this Instance was. the pr~vlnclal government. Conse,guently, ^. .'the Newfoundland Teacher (Collective Bargaining)· Act •. 1973 was enacted, allowing

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resolution of Impasses In negotiations through' _a- concll!atlon

boa~;_ ~lndlng

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arbitration when agreed to by both parties, or a. Strike (My~, 1978: 69) .•

The first clear Indication of

d. lfflc~

with respect fo

Pent~costal

teachers joining their colleagues fn collectl98 job ·

,

action seems to have occurred "'during the 1971 negotiations.

Shortl~ ~~~r

strike action had been authorized,

th~ Ge~ral

. Executive of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Newfoundland, through ~r Superintendent, Rev. A.S. Bursey,· sent a · letter to all Pentecostal teachers expressing "grave concem" over the threat of a strike amongst teachers. ' While

- ^{. .}

recognlzln'g that teacherS should be .

. .

paid a "reasonable remuneration for professional ^{. . ·. . .}

·,:. services rendered'', Rev~ren.d Bursey

went

pn to s'ay: '

. .. ' I

' we.

cqn~ot . rec~nclla· ,dtf\fot~n to duty . ,nd co.mm!.~~ent to 8:

purpos·e, whicti calla .for dedication, with empty. classrooms · and the t~s of valuable time. when ·pupils badly .need · . counsel and _guidance. (Lattin t~ Pentecostal .. Teachers,

February

-s,

^{1971) · \ ,}

Later In the latter reference was made to a constitutional by·faw of t~e Pente~·ostal Aase.rnbtles

of

to~ewfoundland which states:

•

.

"

_,J~Jcle 18. Section 10. Strikes,__ and Plc.ket Unesj _

a.

We place on record that

as

the Pentecostal Assemblle~

of Newfoundland and Labrador. we do not endorse unionism.

.

. . ' · b. That within prevailing circumstances we feel

~~

must

leave the matter of . union membership at. the· discretion of. the· Jndlvtdual

-· member

^. of our Assemblies ..

. -1!. · That ^W,8 strOngly £Ondemn

tile.-

action

of

any member ^{0( "}

. . oor Fellows!'IP bilng p'artlclpants

of.

picket lines, voting '· for strikeS, _or pledging allegiance to unions~ that Sf$

.;.ntawtul . and detri1Tl&t1llll t(! their Christian ,.,testimony. and our stari~ard· o! separation.

d. That .we ltislst

0~

our me.mbers

bein~ go>;~e-;,e$f

^{by·, the}

Scripture

aS ·

regards theJr attltudtl towards ~hose ln

a.Uthortty: · · · · ' , -

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