Contribution à la calibration du calorimètre électromagnétique du détecteur LHCb- Sensibilité à la mesure de l'angle Beta(eff) dans le canal Bd->J/Psi Pi0 et de l'angle Chi dans le canal Bs->J/PsiEta
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(64) #j,(# +4';!#LLAQ 09$ M(# $. 4A LA.$BA9$N(AAO# GaLA:+42;LA\ ,(-.$. # +/ LAq "LAAM(-oaw LAK%/ Pj4$3F+N/rC 0%$ M(# $. DG / L# $. I([ o)4G $. 7%+4)bF/ LAKdY)A4A b $ F+B/rC 09$ M(# $. ?r(- 0d/ )bF/ LA 78o)/0+44AKY+K/rC 09$ M(# $. ?@.$)W Rc2dY)AMfz4 W GLWA 9$G8;4(-Z4AK/ 2$M(-d/ `(-+f)W0^79+ VAM M(- 0$BLA.Y4A(-d/ ;2/i(3o)M(L&O 0$M(-$. LA.$P(-F / GBo)M(L&O 0$D I(- APLA.$B 4#L<AM(-4A +&a!\=OFG . 0 " 9$M(-/ )W RcLAQ,(-.$. # +/ LAP $Q/ +Aq 09$ M(# $. 4APAM9$;GL# . 0$LAQ,(-Q/i(t$.j4GL. B7%+,(-9$. 7%+4!;LAQ#j,(- 4AW:/0/ B\[ o)+FH/ LAq4$. 4AQ;^/i(t; +>=> w "^7%+,(-9$.L K,#`(-$. m $6/ LA64$. 4AQ /i(-$. 0&O A.$LA`W>sB(-4Aq#L $.$K$.j4GL. / LAH,(-.$. # +/ LAHA%$H GLAM 9$GLLA^,(-H;LA^#j,(- 4AK $H;4#<,(-H;LA^; 4A. 0$GLA^;!d,(-d 0/0 0$G)bY/ +A 09$ M(# $. 4AK $,(-o9(-$. 4AHF +&a 9$Hu $.'(-/ AP;GL# . 0$LA^;4(-4A+D/i(-o)M(-o) cW PD/i(-o)M(-o) A #L4A.$..+ 0$<1I,(-.$. 0!;>+mO;>+ 0$!;LAK#j,(- 4AB 0 /0 7%+4GLAB;4(-4AK+4tG`(# $. cW RcLA^. G $GLA!;2#LLA #j,(- 4AK $P;4#';LA/i(-o)M(-o) 4AKA%$H;GL;>+ 0$LA^;LAH;> { G 9$LAH$.M(-4A|?@. I(-$. 4A^ $HA.k% "G $.. LA^; /i(t,(-$.+<#L "<D/ K&a .M( ;4(-4AQ/ LAP,(-M(-o)M(-j4LAPA.+ 0&)(-9$A`W x6*/i(-o)M(-o) cbV; CE(-wLA / 3$.j4GLw "D;J]^O $.j4 `b:LA.$2 09&)(-. i(-9$IA+4A2$.M(-4A.?. I(-$. g/ O#`(-/ J; ) +. −. 0.
(65) p(-+oa!#L "". | )W0)W0 UX+^+Zo)+Ft(-o) AMAM(-9$B;4(-4A^+ LA.,(#L';2;> 0 " 4A. ]tb α )b W0W0W0W0b N [M\bn $B/ LA Θ =, $ A%$ LA.FL# $. 0&a " 9$"/ LA2,(-M(- "w $.LA8 $toaG 4G M(-$ +A8;3/i($.M(-4A.?. I(-$. f;'p(-+oaJ;LA o)T+FLAP(AAO# GLAP12#j,(# +4';LA 0%$ M(# $. 4A`W Ψ(x) → U Ψ(x) = e−iΘ. α (x)T. α. Ψ(x).. 2. α. α. ; <J" CD <D " G <$ <B < <J" " G <B<J CD <J ! " C6 &% <. :/0/ BLA$6G o) ^,(-Q/ LA6o)+FLA;KA.k% "G $.. LA.FL# $. 0&a " 9$#L /0+ c;^/rC 0%$ |[ ( # $. J?r(- 0d/ ! $#L /0+ T;B/rCG / L# $. I(-o)4G $. A ")W SU (2) ⊗ U (1) x6 $.$A.kO "G $.. ; p(-+oaQLA.$Vd. AMGLQ,(-V/ q&O ; $V 9$.M( 4H+4Qd. A.+AY%$M(-4GL;A.kO "G $.. ;>+ o)+F!G / L# $.-?@(- 0d/ !&a AQ/ BA+4AQo)+FBG / L# $. I(-o)4G $. 79+4)b SU (2) ⊗ U (1) → U (1) W,x6 "GL#`(- A. "B;Kd. A.+K 0%$.%;>+ 0$Q+4K4+&a /0/ !,(-.$. # +/ >/ HdF)AJ;BH 0o)oaA`W>Rc^dY)AD;KH 0o)oaA F . " $^(-+>=J,(-.$. # +/ LAH; Cu $.< I(AA. 0&aLAH $HLA.$+4<,(-.$. # +/ <A#`(-/i(- 0)WFx6 $.$!d. A.+';<A.kO "G $.. ?r(- 0$:(-+4AMA. 4(-,(-M( $.Q/ LA I(AALA: $: "G /i(-oaLAV;LAX?@ . 4A: $:GLA+$:+ ;LA d/ w "LAe;>+2 "O;w / v!%¥ 79+ cLA$Q/i(2Y.$GL<;LAQ 09$ M(# $. 4AP?@(- 0d/ < $G / L# $. I(-o)4G $. 79+4)W RcB/i(-o)M(-o) mG o) AAM(-%$/rC 09$ M(# $. ZG / L# $.-?@(- 0d/ !Y +$PAMB;GL#L Y)A HA.+ 0&(-%$P7%+,(-$.B$ . "LA! |)W0).W -a L =L +L +L +L . UX+H7%+cC 0/cA 0$#L / $P 0/F?r(-+$PA " PA+Q$+$LAQ/ LAQ?r(- 0/0/ LA;B/ $4AH $;!79+,(-.>A`W RcB P$ . "!#L.LA.F4;(-+D$ . "!# 04G $. 7%+4!;LAdF)A4Aq/0 0dLAHAM(-4AQ I(AA |)W0).W /a → − → 1 1− − B B L =− W W 4 4 + −W→ $35 AM9$3/ LA8dF)A4A3; p(-+oa)WNRTLA - A3$ . "LA*; −W→ 0%$ .&% 4 %$D;4(-4A3/ LA #L+M(-9$A^#j,(-.oaGLAH $/ K$. A. w "B$ . "<; −W→ $P5 #L.LA.F4;(-+>=J#L+M(-9$AH4 +$.LA`W Rc!; +>=> w "B$ . "!;>+/i(-o)M(-o) mG / L# $.-?r(- 0d/ → − |)W0)W 5% → σ − Y Y L = Ψ γ (∂ − ig .W − ig B )Ψ + Ψ γ (∂ − ig B )Ψ 2 2 2 ;GL# . 0$:/i(^,(-o9(-$. I;LA ?@ . 4A /0 0dLAe(- 04A. 47%+46/ +V#L+/i(-oaLAe(-+>= #j,(- 4AV;Xp(-+oaQ5 $ −W→ W A%$e/ LAV#Mj,(- 4AN7%+,(-9$. 7%+4LANA 04 +Ae;LA ?@ . 4A`b)o< $eo4CaA9$eLA.YL# $. 0&a " %$N/ LAN#L4A.$M(-9$LA Ψ ;P#L+/i(-oa^;LAVo)+FLA U (1) $ SU (2) b σ LA.$e/ QoaG 4G M(-$ +(AAM%# GP(B/i(B GLA %$M(-$. E -<;>+ o)+F 2 -a'e7%+ XAM9$K/ LA^ I(-$.. #LLAB;'U (-+/0 \b & K4} LA.$^/rC j9kOY #Mj,(-.oaJ (`&aL# +I /i(t$. A. w "!#L F)AM(-%$<;K/rC A)A. 0m $
(66) /i(2#j,(-.oa'G / L# $.. 79+4)W I RcH$. A. w "H$ . "K(<G $GP 0%$.%;>+ 0$qF+N;4 q+4 I(AMA^(-+>=",(-.$. # +/ LAq,(-Nd. A.+^;HA.kO "G\[ $.. " → − → − |)W0).W 1a → → g σ − g σ − L = ((∂ − ig .W − i B )Φ) (∂ − ig .W − i Y B )Φ − V (Φ). 2 2 2 2 LA$8+ ;+d/ $J; SU (2) b b φ $ φ ;LA*#j,(- 4AJAM#`(-/i(- 0LA3#L / \=LAJ+ v(Φ) b6/ Φ F$ 9$. /e; H 0o)oaA`b LA.$K/ 2/0+4A!A+&a %$!. AB#L " v(Φ) −µ φ φ (φ φ) WYRT2Y$ %$. / ;DH 0o)oaA"LA.$ GLA %$GA.+I/iF( K4o)+)W0)WV/QY)AMAwL;*+4J 0& K4 0$G;* 0 0 I( #`(-" 0/GLA %$ L. Y. L. EW. Bosons. F ermions. bosons. F ermions. L. µ. µ. µ. Y. α µν. αµν. 0. µ. Higgs. R. QED. Y ukawa. µν. µν. L. Y. µ. 0. µ. µ. R. L. Y 2. 3. Higgs. 0. µ. µ. L. φ+ φ0. µ. +. †. µ. µ. 0. µ. 0. 2 †. λ 4. †. 2. 3.
(67) T)W0 B%. h'+"Z !C'+ t02'__Jmm[) 0j,y=G02?9 J'-A; C "/0 D80 +42A.kO "G $.. '# 0# +/i(- 0:¢ Zd. A'/i(3A.k% "G $.. t #j4 A. AMAM(-9$K+Z 0 0 <+ DW H;G &a / F " 9$ (-+$+P;!#LK 0 0 '+ ;>+D#Mj,(- m;BH 0o)oaAP(- "w 4I |)W0)W.8a 1 0 Φ(x) = √ 2 v + h(x) W4V;G &a / ,(-%$^/ !/i(-o)M(-o) m/ LAH$ . "LAH;< I(AA!;LAPdY)AM4AH(-,(-M(- AA %$`WFRcLA & $ . "LAP;K I(AMAB;LAQ?@ . 4AAK $.+&a %$^;4(-4AQ/ !/i(-o)M(-o) m;^}V+)(
(68) 26( |)W0)W9,) h L = −(1 − )(M l l + M u u + M d d ). v +/rb4+Z $H;AM9$^/ LA^#Mj,(- 4AK;'A. 04 +A^ $ M b M b M A%$H/ LAH I(-$.. #LLAK;< I(AMA)WYx6LAH I([ $.. #LLA<;I I(AALAB4IA9$',(A<;> i(-oa,(-/ LA`W H;G K4 0$t(-/ A</ LA<7%+,(-.OA<; $~kOY"+#L "IG $M(-%$ 1 /i( ? AHG $M(-$Pt;! I(AAM! $HG $M(-$^<;</rC 09$ M(# $. Z?r(- 0d/ <#L9$.M(- 0 " %$<(-+>=D79+,(-.>A ;'$~kOY'; WnRT(I I(-$.. #L2;<,(AMAM(-oa<;LAKG $M(-$AHLA!(-+>=G $M(-$A^;' I(AA';LAH7%+,(-.>AH;'$~kOYt; LA.$'(-F / GL /i(* I(-$.. #L8;8xq(-d 0ddF-[~Pd,(Lk9(Aj {[~(A.)(
(69) 2q( rx6BZ\WXx6 "I/ 2&a .M(;4(-4A!/i( AL# $. A+ 0&(-%$)b4#)CLA.$#L $.$B I(-$.. #L'79+ cLA.$QLAY4AM(-d/ <;K/i(2&% /i(-$. Zx6UlW 2µ √ λ. jk j k l. Y ukawa. jk j k u. u. l. jk j k d. d. ; <J" <. Rc6%;w / q%$M(-4;4(-;'LA.$l+4V$.j4GL. q; p(-+oaVd,(AMGLeA.+l/ Vo)+F W RcLA 0%$ M(# $. 4A ?.$LA:AM9$ oa+&a .4GLLA:,(- / 6o)+Y SU (3) 2/rC 04SU;> #L(3) Px 0⊗SU 4;> 79+4(2)q/i(^⊗U A.kO "(1)G $.. ; #L+/ +\b#)CLA.$J/i( #Mj "%;>kO,(- 7%+479+,(-%$. 79+4 Bx6sB\WPH ,(-./ ;Z4 <d7%+,(-9$. 7%+4 ;3#L+/ +`W:O +/ At/ LA27%+,(-.OA`bTY.$M(-%$2+43#L+/ +`b A%$tAM 4A. 0d/ LA 1D/rC 0%$ M(# $. ?.$)W:x6 $.$ #L+/ +^Y +$Ku $.!&a .$)bnd/ +4'+m+oa:¢Y/ +HA "t;,(-9$K/rCE(-d4A 4#Lt;<#L+/ + 4/ <d/i(-4#)W 7toaG 4G M(-$ +A^A9$ AMA.+4AQ;>+Do)+F' t /a6 $HA9$/ LA 7to)/0+44A`W RcB/i(-o)M(-o) ;B#L $.$B 09$ M(# $. ZA`C\=>. 0 "!#L "" = − 1 (∂ A − ∂ A )(∂ A − ∂ A ) − 1 (∂ A ) + C. C. QCD. 4. µ. a ν. ν. a µ. Ψα (γ µ ∂µ − mΨ )Ψα −. µ. aν. µ. aµ. µ. 2. gs2 abe cde a b cµ dν F F Aµ Aν A A − 4. /. a 2 µ. L. Y.
(70) | )W0)W.7a / LA2 04;> #LLA α #L.LA.Y4; %$8(-+>= $. A #L+/ +A`b:/ LA2 04;> #LLAk3F . " $.$ 9$I;J;> A$. 0o)+4 "/ LA 7 o)/0+44A A WlRTI/i(-o)M(-o) gLA.$2A "G3A.+t/ LA 8mAM(`&a +At;37%+,(-.OA2#`(-2;4(-4A'/rCGL7%+,(-$. GL#LG\[ ; 9$HA +/4+I7%+,(-.D Ψ LA.$:GLA %$`W9RcLAe$. A. w "P $N79+,(-$.. w "P$ . " "9$. %$67%+4Q/ LA:o)/0+44A F +&a 9$ 0%$ M(-o) 0^ %$.! +>=FW H4K,(-.$. # +/i(-. 0$G';!#L $.$! 09$ M(# $. mLA$P79+4K/i("#L4A.$M(-9$';B#L+/i(-oaB?@.$!# 0$H(L&aL#!/i( ;> A|[ $M(-4#L)WVRcLA879+,(-.>AI(-+fAM 0g;LA"j,(;>4AIAM9$I;4#J/0 GLAI,(-"+4J 0%$ M(# $. f$.wLA" 0%$ 4A $ k LA.$ %$P#L&K44GLA`b,J,(-./ <;B/0 0dY .$G!(Ak% $$. 7%+4)W RcDO;w / m%$M(-4;4(-;( G $G#L&K4. "Gm(-+fRceU @1>W0 % wLA2;4(-4A"/ LA8(-4GLLA3¡) $8#L9$. 09+4 1Ku $.Q$LA.$GH(L&aL#A.+4#L#LwLAN(-+IT &)(-$.!¢a/ LAVA 0o)4LAV;q4+&a /0/ aA j%kOA 79+4aAXAM9$V/0+4AN79+4Xp(- I(- A A# .+$GLA`W gs abc a µ γ Ψβ Aaµ , F (∂µ Aaν − ∂ν Aaµ )Abµ Acν − gs Ψα Tαβ 2. a µ. ) G&#!!< <6 A "! < #D < " " . RT(<4+&a /0/ HoaG 4G M(-$. *; C\=>FG . 4#LLAq(-+wLA6;>+8RTKxg&a +$e$LA.$ qA. Y;/i(B4+&a /0/ Hj9k>A. 7%+4 A B#`(#Mj4'(-+>[~; /i1 ;>+O;w / BA.$M(-4;4(-; W RcB%;w / <%$M(-4;4(-;D4B;GL# . 0$P79+4K$. AP;LAQ79+,(-$.K?@#LLA6?@4;4(- " 9$M(-/ LA^;K/i(t,(-$.+)b4#L /0+ {[~# cC 04# /0+$6,(AV/i(Bo)M(`&% 0$M(-$. cbO;LAe\=>$ 4A. 4A6;Q$.j4GL. LAqA.+F |[r+ LK,GLLAe 04# /0+4 %$6#L $.$Po)M(L&O 0$M(-$. cW /TcC\=>/0 79+4<,(AP/i(Ij G M(-#j 2;LAH I(AALAP7%+4!/rC&a 0$H# /i(- 0 " %$<(-,(-M( $.';4(-4AH/i(8# /i(AA.L K[ #`(-$. ;LAQ,(-.$. # +/ LAW RcLAt#L4A.$M(-9$LA2;8#L+/i(-oaLA2(AMA%# GLLAt(-+>=$. A<o)+FLAt;!p(-+oaIG &a/0+,(-%$2(`&aL#I/rCG 4 .o) 34 #L9&a .oa %$Q,(AeF+e+4HGL#j4 /0/ K; CG 4 .o) ^;/rC;>^; vK~tW P4P$ /0/ H#L%&a .oa 4#LKA.+o)oaG\[ M(- 0$^+4!+L K,#`(-$. ;LAP 0%$ M(# $. 4AH?.$t $HG / L# $.-?r(-10 0d/ )W H4<AM/0+$. Z1I#L $.$<#L9&a .oa 4#L A M(- 0$:/i(^$.j4GL. ;q/i(KA+Y A.kO "G $.. )W%x6 $.$q$.j4GL. #L /0 7%+4 M(- 0$N 4#Lq/ q "O;w / ";+d/i(-%$ / K4 <d';B,(-.$. # +/ LAP $^(-+o) " 9$ M(- 0$K;4(-4A#L .$M(- 04A "O;w / LA/ K4 'd<;K,(-M(- "w $.LA`W /V\=O A.$"+4 $.j4GL. I; /i(DA.+Y Ak% "G $.. "7%+ :F+.M(- 0$t(-+4AA. V\=>/0 7%+4 !/ d/ w "I;"/i(* I([ $. w D4 0 $I; CE(-+$.LA3d4A .&(-$. 4A*(A.$.j%kOA. 7%+4LAI $3#L)A. "/ o) 7%+4LA2,(-"/rC\=> A.$ 4#Lm;D/i( A.+F |[r,(-.$. # +/ J/i(m/0+4A / G oaw J $ ;4#JA.$M(-d/ z/i(ZRlOU X/0 0o)j%$LA.$IA.+F |[r,(-.$. # / Y¢:;*/0+4A /0/ 09$.O;>+ 0M(- 0$P/i("A.k% "G $.. KdF)A4A 0?@ . 4A`W RcLA:4 +$.. 04)A6;>+"%;w / P%$M(-4;4(-;I4QY)AMAwL; 9$:,(AV; I(AAQe;4(-4AV;LAe\=OFG . 4#LLAVGL#L %$LA rO]BtbO%+F !(- (-4;K $q!(- "RT(-4;,e/rCd4A .&(-$. *; C)A# 0/0/i(-$. 4A64 +$.. 04' 0 /0 79+4^79+4H#L |[ $M(- 04A4 +$.. 04)AK(- 9$^+4B I(AAM)b "u "<A. l#LLA I(AALAHA9$P$.wLAQ?r(- 0d/ LAP;>+4LAK(-+J?@(- 0d/ '#L+/i(-oa ;LA64 +$.. 04)A(L&aL#K/ HY$ %$. /c;KP 0o)oaA`Wx6 "K;4(-4Aq/ HAkOA.$w "^;LAq79+,(-.>A`b%/ LA6/ $4A(-+4AA. F)AAwL; 9$t+48 I(-$.. #L8;8 "G /i(-oa3(-+o) " %$M(-9$8(- 04A e/ 84 <d*;",(-M(- "w $.LA ; C + mO;w / %$M(-4;4(-;G $ 4;>+cW RT(!&% /i(-$. *;/i(<A.k% "G $.. Bx6ULA.$e$.8?@(- 0d/ PY+6\=O/0 7%+4 e/rCE(Ak% "G $.. H I(-$. w 0(-9$. {[r I(-$. w ;B/r C H 0&a A`W s2CE(-+$.LAV "O;w / LAe(-+>[~; /i1B;>+IO;w / P%$M(-4;4(-;I\=> A.$ 9$N(-+4AMA. 4#L "Q/i(^/ $oaG 4LA)b9/ LAV;> 0 " >[ A. 4AA+/ G " 9$M(- 0LA`W RcLAKGL;> # $. 4A! $K/i(*#L4A.$..+4# $. ;>+ %;w / "%$M(-4;4(-;f#L " #L /0/ 18/rC j4 +"(# $.+4 /0/ ;2/i( A.+F A.kO "G $.. !A`CLA$<?r(- 0$8 ,(-.$. *A.+t/i(D4$. ;3A.k% "G $.. )WVx6 $.$34$. ;3Ak% "G $.. 3LA.$ +4!;LAQ/0+4AP 0 Y.$M(-%$8A. 04/i(2/0+4AQ 0 F.$M(-9$P;K/i(2j9k>A. 7%+4!;LAQ,(-.$. # +/ LA^ $Q "u "<; /i(2j%kOA. 7%+4! DoaG 4G M(-/rWYH m("(-F +D+4!;LAq?@#LLAH(`&aL#B/ B$.j4GLw "'; C 09&)(-. i(-4#L';qp(-+oa 7%+ n;GL# . 0$6,(-|?@(- 0$ " %$q#L .$M(- 04LAN. G $GLAq;>+8%;w / K%$M(-4;4(-; W>sK(-4AN/i(!AML# $. 8A.+ 0&)(-9$)b%/ LA $. A;LAHA.k% "G $.. LAP#L9+4LAPAM9$ 0%$.%;>+ 0$LA`W 5 16.
(71) h& s y¦j© :¦ © C 5¦ RcLAQAk% "G $.. LAq\=> A.$ 9$Q,(-.$+$Q *j9k>A. 7%+4)WOV/0/ LA(- "w 4 9$;LAQ#L4A .&)(-$. 4AQ;^. G $GLA A+4A#L .$M(- 04LAP$.M(-4A|?@. I(-$. 4A< ['/ LA8A.kO "G $.. LA8#L%$. 09+4LA*;>+fo)+F;mUl 04#`(-G)bq#L "D/ LA8$.M(-4A./i(-$. 4A3LA.,(#L\[r$ 4A`bN/ LA $M(-$. 4AP $P/ LAQ$.M(-4A|?@. I(-$. 4AP;!Rc %$.ab [V/ LAA.kO "G $.. LAP;6p(-+oa<(-o) AA(-9$PA.+Q/ LAP#j,(- 4AP7%+,(-9$. 7%+4LA`b [e $/ LAQ$. APA.k% "G $.. LAH;G &a / YGLLAP # c79+4<A9$Q/ LAHA.k% "G $.. LA^x^bUf $BW x6LAl$. AXAk% "G $.. LAXA9$X$+$LAX$. A ;> A# w $LA $TF +&a 9$:u $.N#L 'd 04GLLA: 9$.q /0/ LAlY+ ;4 ,(-P\= / B/ LA; +>=*/0+4AP#L%+4LAP $PG $.+4;> GLLA'>/ LAA.kO "G $.. LAHx6Uf $^x6UeBW ; " !!C6 < ' x6 $.$'A.k% "G $.. 'LA.$H#L /0/ t(AAO# GL<1 /rCFG M(-$ +H#Lp|+o9(- AZ;<#Mj,(-.oa)WFO+4AH#L $.$!$.M(-4A|?@|[ I(-$. D/i( #Mj,(-.oa<G / L# $.. 7%+4 Q LA.$#j,(-oaGL' DAF)AGL)W RVCFG M(-$ +H#Lp|+o9(- A;!#Mj,(-.oaIrxQQ(-o) 0$PA+ Ψ zd A. 04 +P;!s^ 0M(#qA.+ 0&)(-9$' |)W0)WE¡a # Ψ = Ψ = −iσ χ = iγ Ψ iσ Ψ #L $.$B$.M(-4A|?@. I(-$. mLA$;G K4 <12+*?r(# $ +P;Bj,(A)b wLA\W UX+P/ LA#Mj,(- 4A Ψ(x) b+4<#L9&a 9$. ZLA.$#Mj4 A. BF+;ηG K4 0H# # Ψ(x ) # = iη γ Ψ (x ) = iη γ γ Ψ (x ) |)W0)W0`a + γ $ γ A%$eLA.FL# $. 0&a " 9$N/i(K I(-$.. #LQ` < $:/i(!AL#L4;Q I(-$.. #LP;PsH 0M(#)W9RT(B#Lp|+o9(- A ;e#Mj,(-.oa64e#j,(-oa6 %/rC 0 +/ A. D →−P \b` O/rC j4G /0 # 0$G^zj b- →−s LA.$T/ NA. 0';N/i(Q,(-.$. # +/ )W ; C +4B,(-.$. # +/ )Wn:/0/ !;G K4 0$/i(24$. m; CE(-9$. 0,(-.$. # +/ ',(-M(-Y.$^12#L /0/ !;B,(-.$. # +/ )W ; " !!C6 <B) RVCFG M(-$ +P,(-. 0$G! 09&a A</ LA#L Y)A(-9$LAP;> 0$< $o9(-+4#j4!;LAHA. 04 +A;!s^ 0M(#" % Ψ = Ψ = Ψ = χ = 0 |)W0)W0) 0 χ Ψ x6 "BF+/i(2A.kO "G $.. 'x^b>/i(2$.M(-4A|?@. I(-$. mUfLA.$;G K4 '1t+J?r(# $ + η ;Bj,(ABwLA< % Ψ(x )% = η γ Ψ(P x ) = η γ Ψ(x ) |)W0)W0-a D/i(t4$M(-$. #L4; 4AGL<(2G $GB+$. 0/0 AGLI |)W0)W0/a − − x , t), x = (→ x , t), x = (−→ RVCFG M(-$ +!,(-. 0$G $.M(-4A|?@. "2/rC 0 +/ A. A 0%&a A" $K/i(- AA2/ 2A. 0 0%&(-. i(-%$`b $.M(-4A|?@|[ I(-9$K(- 04A. /rC j4G /0 # 0$G< DAMDY)AGL)W 1 . .
(72). . . . e. ∗ 2 R ∗ 2 L. c. 2. ∗. C. −1. µ. 0. C. 2. ∗. µ. C. T. 2 0. µ. 2. → − → − s .P → − |P |. . 0. 0 L 0 R. . R. . L. P. µ. −1. µ. P. 0. µ ν ν. µ P. P. 0. µ P.
(73) ; " !!C6 < . . RT( $. A. w "!A.kO "G $.. !#L4A. ;G GL!LA$Q/ B 9&a A " %$^;>+J$ 4Ab4 /0/ !LA.$;G K4 !#L "8 |)W0)W0 5% x Ψ(x ) x = iη γ γ Ψ(x ) (L&aL# b [r$\W4V/0/ B$.M(-4A|?@. "B/rC 0 +/ A. $/ BA 0D D/ + 09&a AM)W4RVCG $M(-$P 0 0$. i(-/l; &% %$ /rCG $M(-$ xK4,(-/e4→−x( d → # ; =⇒ # ; → ( dcW µ. −1. T. 1 3. µ T. µ T. ; " !!C6 < '*) . . RcLAD$. AA.kO "G $.. LAD;G K4 LADGL#LGL; " %$mF +&a 9$mu $.#L <d 04GLLAAGL7%+4 9$. /0/ " 9$Z $ ; 4 9$^+4!;LAQ. G $GLAH/ LA/0+4AP 09$G LAA(-9$LA^;B/i(2$.j4GL. <7%+,(-9$. 7%+4<;LAP#j,(- 4At/rC 09&)([ . i(-4#L<AM+4AQ/i( A.kO "G $.. 'x6UVBWnx6 $.$<. G $G'( G $G<G $M(-d/0 B,(-/ B$.j4GLw "'G Y%k% "8¤0)b ->b / ~W x6B$.j4GLw "BG F4;1t$. AH#L4A. ;G M(-$. 4A' [V/ O#`(-/0 0$G!;LAQ 09$ M(# $. 4A [V 09&)(-. i(-4#L<;<Rc 9$.*#`(-+4AM(-/0 0$G [V+ 0$M(-. 0$G<;K/i( $.j4GL. Izj4 . 0$. # 0$G\W x6D$.j4GLw "m 0 /0 7%+4m;4(-4AI/ %;w / Z%$M(-4;4(-;7%+4D/ LAI I(AALAI $8/ LAI$ 4A3;J&O A %$ ; 9$. 7%+4LA8Y+"/ LA8(-9$. 0,(-.$. # +/ LA* $"/ LA",(-.$. # +/ LAWeU (-8#L9$.. gcC 09$ ;> 0$3+4J&O /i(-$. 04;> 0&O ;>+4 /0/ < $ 0-+#L+/ GL!;LA$. APA.kO "G $.. LAHx^b4Ug $HBW x^CLA.$ ; CE(- 0/0/ +A #LN7%+4V/rC2d4A .&a6 $X7%+4V/rCt&a +$X#L%$. 09+4 e1HG $.+4;> X;4(-4AX/rC\=>YG . 4#L6RcBxNdcb /i(t&O /i(-$. m;K/i( #L 'd 0,(- Am;LA; +>=DA.kO "G $.. LAHxh $PU /i(2A.kO "G $.. 'x6UlW. E "& <> " ! C6 <$'*) . . RT("A.k% "G $.. tx6ULA.$Q/i("#L <d 0,(- A;LAP; +>=DA.kO "G $.. LAHx $PUh(-/0 79+4GLLAHA.+4#L#LLAA. 0&a " %$`W :/0/ !#Mj,(-oa<;4#B+4!,(-.$. # +/ ! A(-%$. 0,(-.$. # +/ t(`&aL#B+4Bj4G /0 # 0$G!F)AGL" |)W0)W0 1a → − → − CP |Ψ( P , h) >= η |Ψ(− P , −h) > RT(8&O /i(-$. ;t/i(8A.k% "G $.. x6U (8G $G'd4A .&aGLtF+H/i(I w t?@ AH `¡ 85J;4(-4AH/ tA.k>A.$w " ;LA!(4A'.¤ 8 ~W RVC\=>YG . 4#LI#L4A. A.$M(- 0$!1*d4A .&a B/i(3;GLA. 09$G o)M(-$. ;t(4AK4 +$.LA!G $M(-$A!LAB;2 I(AA |K > $ |K >\W%x6LAV)(4AV4 +$.LANF +&a 9$Nu $.H;4(-4Ae; +>="G $M(-$AK#L <d 0,(- A4A6;LAe; +>=IG $M(-$A ;B I(AAMNLAP;<x6UXb K $ K CP. 1. 2. 1 1 |K10 >= √ |K 0 > + √ |K 0 >; [CP = +1] 2 2. | )W0)W08a + K AQ;GLA. 0%$w o) 9$qA.+ 0&)(-9$e; +>= "O;LAV. 04# 0,(-+>=" I; +>= 4AH π 0 π b π 0 π $e; +>= "O;LA D$. AQ 4At π 0 π 0 π $ π 0 π 0 π \W RcLA2G $M(-$A 1; +>= 4A A9$t&aL# $ +A2LA2;Jx6U (`&aL#8/i(&)(-/ +t *(-/ A279+48/ LA G $M(-$AP(`&aL#B; +>=3 4AAM9$Q&aL# $ +AQLA;<x6U(L&aL#K/i(t&)(-/ +Q^[M)W,HDA`CE(-$.$ 4;J;4# 1 (L&a 0H/ LA; +>=J;GLA. 09$G o)M(-$. 4A |)W0)W0 ,) K → 2π /CP = +1 / 8 1 1 |K20 >= √ |K 0 > − √ |K 0 >; [CP = −1] 2 2. +. +. +. 0. 0. 0 1. 0. 0. −. 0. 0.
(74) | )W0)W07a RVCLA.,(#LB;Hj,(AH?r(L&a. A^/i(t;GLA. 09$G o)M(-$. m *; +>=8 4Aq/0+$ $79+4^#L /0/ K 3$. AbOD(';4# z&aG . LK,G!\=>YG . 0 " %$M(-/ " 9$\W τ (K ) << τ (K ) RcLAN%;>+ 0$A6;^;GLA. 09$G o)M(-$. 4AQG $M(- %$6d4A .&aGLA6A.+ IAM(- " %$q/ 03;>+8Y 0%$6;P%;>+4# $. *;LA !(4AKF+!79+4t/ '?@(- AM#L`(-+42A 0$B#L F)AG 7%+4t; K 4t;,(-%$'(-/ AB$.j4GL. 7%+4 " 9$<7%+4 ;LAe;GLA 09$G o)M(-$. 4AQ1K$. AV 4AW%HV/rC\=>YG . 4#L^(K "9$.G^79+4/ LA K Y+&)(- 9$6A;GLA. 0%$G o) ; +>=* 4A`b&O /i(-9$H(- 04A /i( A.kO "G $.. 'x6UlW K20 → 3π /CP = −1.. 0 1. . 0 2. 0 2. | . 0 2. ~4|4 /4 s: Z4 ; q v ; / q/ :/0/ t?r(- 0$K,(-.$. ;LA^$. A!#L4;> 0$. 4A!;G K4 LAK,(-!StWF>(-Oj,(-`&Y+B\=>/0 79+4 ! $K 0 /0 7%+4 /i(tGL; 0,(-4#Lt;B/i(t I(-$. w !A.+/rCE(-%$. 0 I(-$. w <;B/rC + 0&a A'¤9, ~W H4^d4AM .&(-$. D;4B+*M(-F.$ p/p ' 10 7%+ A`C\=>/0 79+4^,(-Q/i(tO;>+4# $. DAL#L4;4(- 0!; ;4(-4AQ/ LAQ#L/0/0 A. 4A P P → P P2P p WU:/0+4AQoaG 4G M(-/ " %$`bn;4(-4AQ/rC + 0&a Ab+4!(A.kO "G $.. Bd,(-.ka 79+4 p ;J/rC;>; LA.$Id4A .&aGL:¢V /0/ LA.$"/0 GL(-+gM(-F.$I;>+g4 'd;Jj4$4A8 $I; d,η(-.ka4AV,(-e+ 0$GP10;Q&a/0+ "H;4(-4A:/rC + 0&a A`WOx6 $.$H(A.k% "G $.. HLA.$:d IA.+FG . +H1K#L /0/ PGL;> 0$ \W U:10/0+$ $"7%+4*;8,(-./ ";*#L4;> 0$. 4A";D>(-Oj,(-`& 0/QLA.$2G\?G M(-d/ J; C +$. 0/0 A 2/ 3$ . "J;3G\[ L7%+ A`b#`(-/ BA#LG ,(-. LA$<12u $.!#L4A.$..+ 0$`Wnx6LAPG\[rL79+ AHA9$P(-+4 <d<;K$. A' [V&O /i(-$. ;>+D4 <d<d,(-.ka 79+4 [V&O /i(-$. ;LAPA.kO "G $.. LAHxh $^x6U [eG &a/0+$. mA+ 0&(-%$+D 4A <d/ ';BO#LLAA.+4Aqj4A|[~GL7%+ 0/0 0d)W RT(2 w ' $Q/i( ; . w <;B#LLAH#L4;> 0$. 4APA%$H(# $.+4 /0/ " 9$KG $M(-d/0 LA I(- AP,(AQ/i( ; +>=> w ")W RT(&% /i(-$. h;D/i(Ak% "G $.. Zx6U (d G $Gd4AM .&aGLD I(- A*1Z+4D 0%$ 4A. 0$G 0>?@G . +Z1 #L /0/ (-$.$ 4;>+4JF+I\=>/0 79+4 /rCE(A.kO "G $.. Jd,(-.ka 7%+4d4A .&aGLD(# $.+4 /0/ " %$`WNRl(Z&% /i(-$. ;x6U cCE(mG $GId4A .&aGL379+48;4(-4At/ I; I(- 043;I/rC 0%$ M(# $. ?@(- 0d/ 8;4(-4A</ 3AL# $ +2;LA'7%+,(-.OAWlH A`CE(-$.$ 4;>M(- 0$I1m#L87%+cC /0/ *A 0$ (-+4AA. 6GLA 9$J;4(-4At/ *; I(- 04*;LA2/ $4A'o)M#LJ(-+>= "LA.+LA GL# ALA\ L# $.+4GLLAPA+/ LA)A# 0/0/i(-$. 4AH;LAQ4 +$.. 0 0 rW ]h s§ §;¦j© X I H§ v§ § 9§ ;§ H§ >5¦ [ }© v© [Z¨t¦j§ ¦ h ¨ RT( &O /i(-$. x6U ;Gyp1d4A .&aGLZ;4(-4A8/ mAkOA.$w "m;LAI)(4A $3#L "h/ D&a .M(;4(-4A /i(AL# $. A.+ 0&)(-9$Z;4(-4A*/ ZA.k>A.$w "Z;LA* "GLA4AJ5"$.+&a AMh\=>/0 #`(-$. ;4(-4A*/i($.j4GL. G / L# $.-?r(- 0d/ )W x6 "tZ(I&%+mGL#LGL; " 9$IGL7%+,(-$. )W0)W9,)\bY/ LA^G $M(-$AH;' I(AALA^A%$^;> { G 9$AK;LAKG $M(-$A LAeG / L# $.-?r(- 0d/ LA`W%~/ A:A%$V /0 GLAV %$.P +>=2o)M#LP1K/i(^ I(-$.. #L^xq(-d 0ddF-[~Pd,(`k9(A.j {[~Z(A.(26( ¤ 54b 1 Nrx6B K . . . . .
(75) .
(76). .
(77). . −4. −10. −20 . . . . . . ! #"$. % . . '&. (". *). ,+. .-. . ,/.
(78) . 0". . Vud Vus Vub d d d0 s0 = Vcd Vcs Vcb × s = VCKM s Vtd Vts Vtb b b b0 . |)W.->W0. ; bA $QdmA9$/ LAPG $M(-$AQLAP;B I(AMAB $; C0b4A`C $QdcC/ LAPG $M(-$AQLAP; C 0%$ M(# $. cW RcLA $ . "LA V ;J#L $.$J I(-$.. #LJAM* $.+&a 9$8;4(-4A2/ */i(-o)M(-o) hG / L# $.-?@(- 0d/ ;GL# . 0&(-%$"/ LA , ij.
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