• Aucun résultat trouvé

Daily Life in Ottoman Towns : Historiographical Stakes and New Research Perspectives

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Daily Life in Ottoman Towns : Historiographical Stakes and New Research Perspectives"

Copied!
9
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: halshs-00339876

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00339876

Submitted on 19 Nov 2010

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Daily Life in Ottoman Towns : Historiographical Stakes and New Research Perspectives

Nora Lafi, Ulrike Freitag

To cite this version:

Nora Lafi, Ulrike Freitag. Daily Life in Ottoman Towns : Historiographical Stakes and New Research

Perspectives. Ottoman Urban Studies Seminar, 2008, Berlin, Germany. �halshs-00339876�

(2)

!

"#$%'&&(*)+%'&&,

-/. 1023456879 :<;:&=%'&&(

>*?@3BA CD@E 4 F/8GHJILK4M'#'NOP$3Q'RS 5HTG U:V'$9P

W :XO8$#Y7XZ

[3\#\R"J]^#_NH56CD*E+

`bacdJe\df_agihkjDlenmpoiaHq2m\mrltsHcgvud+w'cgyx*m\zh*f_a*j[xas{fgc#d}|~m€fjDc6'‚a9cijpz'da<mpl oicTƒ'a6„iliz…c‚‚†oa#daepld

mpofj‡mpof_dh6„'ac#dˆlte‰l*z'd†daep‚a:ŠTmpfYltg"jˆcwtlizm‹qmmrltsbcŒg[u6d+w'cgx'l'Šf_aTmf_a*j}|:<emadˆcŽepf@dXjm‡„ia:cdˆcTwtlizmz'dwtcg



l*ƒ'ad+gs{ag8mcjaŠlghlga6c}w'l*zm‡mpoa‘8za8jmpf_lgl'eˆŠ8l"j+sblt'l‚_f’mcgfrjs{“ba6Šol'lkja2mrl hah*f4Šc}ma”mpofj

„'a9cdml•mpoia–aT—tcsvf_g'cTmf_ltg˜le<mpoa™‘8zaijpmpf_lgšlebhcŒf4‚@„›‚_f_e+ampoas{aijœ|`Hcf_‚@„ž‚feaŽldaTƒtad+„ihc9„ž‚f_e+a9

f_g'haah"oc*jˆw'aagvf_gHmpo'a<‚4c8jmnhaŠcha*j†mpoa[liw#ŸXaŠ}mˆle†fg8ma#g"ja<of\jmld+f_l



dcof4Šc‚f_g*ƒa8jmsHag8mjœ|"x'lts{a

„'a9cdVjˆc



l'f’m‹cŒ‚4jl jaasHah<ml<w'ampoia”sHl"jmkf@ggiliƒc}mpfYƒta”epa:cTm\z'daJlek“oc}mmpoiaJof\jmpld+f_Š9cŒ‚cŠc9hasHf4c”oic8h

mpl{ltepead}|8¡/zm‡mpoiag"f’m‹¢f_gihlteˆ‚_l"jm†'c#dm‹lte†f’mj/f_g:maŒ‚4‚4aŠm\zc‚"c}m\mpdcŠVmpf_ltg£cghb“bc*j/jz''‚cg:mahw„£limpoiad

jm\„i‚4aij•lte™sva}mpol'hlt‚_l



f4Šc‚ a—'‚_ltdcTm+fYltg'j}|¤¥oicTm¦jaasj–mrl§zjympo*l*z



o¨fj–mpoicTm™f@g©mpoaªda8jag8m

f_g8ma‚‚4aŠ}m\zcŒ‚Žcgldcs{c«le{qJm\mplsHcg[cŒgihš"cdpmpf_ŠTz‚cd‚B„›le{qJm\mplsHcg¬z'd+w'cg­x*m\zhtfYaij<c–daŒgiaT“ba8h

cTm4mag8mpf_lg«ml˜mpoia–ŠlgŠ9a*m{sf



o8m{c‚_‚_l*“®jlsHa«f@g:mad+da}mcœmpfBƒ'aydl



da8jVj”f_eHwc8jah¥lg¥c¯daŒgiaT“ba8h

s{aTmpol'hl‚_l



f_Šc‚wtc*jfrjœ|8~gbm\“blb“l*dhj*w'aŠc}z‡ja”f’m‹f\j'c#dm‰lekmpoia



lc‚j€le"mpofrj/jaŒs{f_g'cd‡mlbw°z"f_‚4h<mpofj

ga}“1wtcijf\j€Šl‚_‚4aŠTmfBƒ'a‚@„±toili“²Šc#gb“baJz‡ja2mpoia<ŠlgŠ9aŒ*mncgh6mpoaŽs{aTmpol'hf_g{ltdhad‡mplaT—i‚YltdaJ“Hf’mpo{c

Šdf’mf_Šc‚'‚_ll¢HgaT“³c8j+'a9ŠTmjˆlekmpoiaz'dw'cg6of\jpmltd„ble‡l*mmrltsbcŒg[mpl*“6g'jX´

µ†oa•jf¶dMf·mHleŽmpof\jf_g8mpdl'h8zŠVmpf_ltg˜frjHw'l*mpo–mpl¦da8ja#g8m[mpoa¯of\jpmltd+fYl



dc#of_Š:cŒ‚D'cgldcsHc¸mpdp„f_g



ml

haŠfB'oadJmpoia jmc¢'a:jJwaof@gih mpoavƒ'cdf_l*zjJmpdagihjˆcg'h mpldltilkja jlsHa‘8za8jmf_lgj[epld[lizidŽezm\z'da

haTwtcTma8j†o'ada”f_g<mpoiaŽŠltsHf_g



“Ha9a¢"jˆcghHsHltg:mpo"j}|

[emad­¹#º*»"¼°£½ˆƒ'a#d„thc„¿¾€feaªw'aŠ:cs{aÀmpoa­l*w#ŸVa:ŠTmÁle™c1haa#Âf_g8madgicTm+fYltgicŒ‚Ãofrjpmltdf_l



dcof4Šc‚

dagiaT“bcŒ‚4daŒep‚4a:ŠTm+fYltg{c‚\jlle†f_g8mag'jXa<f4hal‚_l



fYŠc‚‡Š9ltgepdlg8mcVmpf_ltg'j/cgh6mpoa<efa‚4hvl'e^jmpdltg



hfYƒa#d



ag8m

f_g8maddaTmcVmpf_ltg"jœ|«µ†ofrjÄjac*jltgÅleÆha9wtcTma8j²ŠTz‚s{fgc}mahÇf_gÈmpoaS¹#ºÉ°Êj«“Hf’moÈw'l*mpoËgl*mcTw'‚_a*j

Šlg8ƒtad



agŠ:a8jw'a}m\“Haag¬mpoiaÁƒtcdf_l*zj of\jpmltd+fYl



dc#of\Šc‚Jmpdchf’mf_lgj[cgh¥fsH'ltd\mcg:mhfBƒ'ad



aŒgiŠa8jœ|

½ˆƒ'ad+„ihc„¾€f_e+aHc*jDcs{aTmpoilhf_g of\jmld„ hla8j/gilimˆgia:Ša8jVjcdf‚_„ÊlsHaHe\dlsÌmpoavjcs{a6'lf_g8m¸cgh

 l

f_g8ml<mpoa<jcsvaŽhfBda9ŠTm+fYltgHc9ŠŠldh*f_g



ml”mpoa:jaƒcdf_l*zj‡m\dchtf·m+f_lgjœ|

µ†ofrj[f\jJ“Ho*„Ãmpoal*w#ŸVa9ŠTm2lte^mpofj[f_g8mpdl'h8zŠTmpf_lgyf\j”wtl8m\o mly‚_ll¢…wtcŠ¢™cTm^mpoilkjahaTw'c}ma8j[f@g…ltdha#dmpl

z'gha#dVjmcgih£wtaTm\mad†mpol"jajpmpf_‚@‚‰l'agltd€gaT“H‚B„ lt'agia:hmpl'hcT„icgihmpl aT—'csHf_g'ampoia6f@sHcŠTm€le^jzŠo

haTwtcTma8j'c*jm¸cgh da8jag8m‰ltg qJmmrltsbcŒgz'd+w'cgyjm\zh*f4a8j}|¤žab“bf@‚4‚^jmcdpm“f’mpoÃcbcgldcsHc{le†“HocTm

mpoa[ofrjpmltdp„ le^aƒ'a#d„thc„ ‚fea6s{a8cg'j/f@gƒcdf_l*zj/of\jmltd+fYl



dc#of_a*j/cgh le‡mpoa6s{aTmpoilhl‚_l



f_Š9cŒ‚4"w*zm

c‚\jlvf_hal'‚_l



f_Šc‚"w'c9Š¢



dl*z'gh"j^f’mˆf_sH‚_f4a*j}|*~pm‡f\j†“HoicTm“Ha<sbacg8m‡“oag6“ba2zjXah6mpoaJ“Hldhjrmc#¢'a8jˆfg

l*z'd”mpf’m‚_a±^aƒtad+„'hc„¦‚f4e+ayf@g¦of\jmld„¦f\jvf_g¦gl•“bc„¦cygaTzmpdc#‚'‚4c„



dl*z'gh¬epld<mpoia…of\jpmltd+fYcŒgiJcg'h

w'aeplda “ba‚_cTzg'ŠŒoÁliz'dbŠl‚_‚a9ŠTm+fBƒtaa—'‚_ltdcTmpf_lg"j<mpof\j„iac#df’mHjaasHah«cha9‘8zcTma mpoc}mŽ“Havm\d„Ácgh

Šlg8mpd+fBw°zma¸mpl{cJhaŠfB'oa#dMf_g



le"mpol"jaŽŠls6'‚4a9—£jmc¢'a8jœ|

¤ža£“bliz‚_h«jmcd\mJ“f’mpoÍdcgŠ9a^cgh™lte2Šliz'dXjav“6f’mpoympoagaT“Α8za:jmf_ltgf_g



jŽ“Hof4Šompoav½/Šl‚_a ha8j

[ggc‚4aij



cƒ'avml…mpoia of\jpmltd+fYŠc‚^dle+a8j}jfYltg|½ƒa#d„ih'c„–‚4fea£“bc*j['cdm2lteŽf·m^cgh–f_gÁc¯jf



gf_e+f4Š:cg8m

s{cggadˆcddMfBƒtahHltg<mpoiaJf_g8mad+gicTmf_ltgic‚jŠag'ampo*dl*z



o”mÏof\js{ahf4cTmf_ltg|

µ†oavs{cf@g™c8j'a:ŠTm‡leDŠliz'dXjavf\jŽ‚f_g¢'ah mrlÃmpoiavsHaTmpo'l'h*l‚_l



f_Š9cŒ‚†dl



dcsHs{aЦcdŠ¡Ž‚_l'Šo¾†zŠf4a8g

ÍdawƒidaŽcgh<͋ad+g'c#gh<¡DdcTzha‚jaTm‹h8z'd+f_g



mpoav¹#ºÑÊ"Òpj#|Œ¤¥f·mpo<mpoafBdˆŠlg8mpdfYw°zm+fYltg'jofrjpmltdp„6w'aŠ9cŒs{aŽc

jl'Šf_c‚jŠfagiŠ8acgih¯Š9liz‚_h¯gil–‚_lg



adŽdasHcf_g«c}mmcŠo'a9hÃmrl¯f’mj”cŠchasvf4Šmpdc9htf’mpfYltgycgih¯g'cd+dcTmpfBƒ'a*j}|

Ó2aez‡jcŒ‚Ãle…mpoiaªdahlsHf_g'cgŠa­l'e–Šo°dltgil‚_l



„§cg'h́'li“bad–“bc8j¦Šl*z'‚_ah1“Hf’mpo²da*jacdŠŒo¨epld

c‚’mad+gicTmfYƒtaÀs{aTmpoilhj™f_gÌldhad mrl1da8j'ltgihÆmrlÆmpoia¥ltgiaÆjpmc¢'a¬mpoa¥ofrjpmltdf_cgª“Hc*jmlÌcf_s epld#±

z'gha#dVjmcgihtf_g



mpoiavez"giŠTmf_ltgf_g



le^'c*jm2jl'Šf_aTmf_a*j†cgihgl*m€ltg‚B„ygicd+dcTma<mpoiav‚@f_g'ac#dMf·m„Ãle¸c jf_g



‚4a

(3)

aTƒtad+„'hc„ ‚f_ea£jpm\zhtfYa8j/f\jmlvw'a6cgic‚@„Œah f_g:ml£mpo°frj/gia“¨f_g8ma‚_‚a9ŠTm\zc‚Šlg8maT—°m“f’mpo£cb‚4cd



ad/‚_ll¢ cVm

“ocTmÃocagah©f@g­mpoa¥hae+f_g'f’m+fYltg©leÃsHlha#dMgÌjlŠf_l'‚_l



„iw'aTm\“baagªmpoia6adsHcg¿jŠol'lt‚_6mpoa

of4Š8c



l³jŠ#ol'lt‚cghš'lkjpmr`[z'd+¢oaf_sHfcg­jm\zhf_a*j}|/Hj epldvz'dwtcŒg­jpm\zh*fa:j<f’m£f\j Š‚a:cdvmpoicTmHmpoafBd

f_g*ƒag8mf_ltgbc8jˆcŽef4a‚4hleda8jacdŠoHhadfBƒ'a*jˆe\dlsÌjzkŠof_sH*z‚rja*j}|

[gh¯epld[aTƒtad+„'hc„y‚f4e+a jpm\zhtfYaij‹mpoiavsHcf_g–s{aTmpol'hl‚l



f_Šc‚ˆdll"jc‚^jz'da‚_„™Šcs{a e\dl'sÂ͉adgcgh

¡DdcTzha‚_<“Hf’moÀmpoiašf@g*ƒag:m+f_lg­l'e cÆj'aŠf_e+f4Šžƒ'l'ŠcTw°z"‚4cd+„i<mpoa¥f@ge‚YzagiŠa¥ltev“Hof4Šoª“bc8jmplªw'a

h8z'dcTw'‚4a+|‡[sHlg



mpoia g'aT“L¡DdcTzh'a‚@f4cg–'c#dchf



sjmpoa sHlkjpm[f_s'ld\mcg8m[fjŽmpoialtgia l'eŽsvc}madf_c‚

ŠfBƒ'f‚f:c}m+f_lg ! "#$#%œ|ЦcTmadf_c‚ˆŠŒfBƒf_‚f:cTmf_lg “bc8j2cŒgÃf@g*ƒf’mcTmf_lg mrl–jrm\zh8„Ãgl*m€lg‚@„

mpoaH'cgldcs{cvle/‚4fYƒf_g



Šltgihtf·m+f_lg"j2cŒgihylteDl*w#ŸVa9ŠTmj6jz'ddliz'gihtf_g



mpoaf_ghfYƒf4h8zc‚ˆle^mpoac8jpmw*zm

c‚\jl¯mpoa'l8mag:mpfc‚Jjliz'dŠa8j6epldŽmpoaof\jml*d+f4cgml–ef_gh…mpdcŠ9a8jlte[f’mX|†µ†oaŠ9ltgiŠa*mJ“bc8jbaŒ‚4cw'ldcTma9h

dl



da:jVjfBƒ'a‚@„›waTm\“baagšmpoa«'lkjpmr“bcd 'a#d+f_l'hªcgihÀmpoa¦agh›lempoia³¹#º&ÊÒjÃcghªepl‚_‚_l*“jf_g­f’mXj

Šlgjf\jma#gŠavmpoa“Hoil‚_aŠc#daad[le^mpoia jXŠŒoilt‚4cdœ|‡µ†oa csbw'f·m+f_l'g “Hc*jJmlda9Šltg'jmpdzŠVmD'c8j\m[jl'Šf_aTmf_a*j

f_g'Š‚Yzhf_g



mpoia–hf_svag"jf_l'gj£lte<mpoia¯‚4fYƒf_g



a—i'adfagiŠ8ayle6f_g'htfBƒf4h8zcŒ‚\jŽcŠŠldhf@g



ml–mpoafBdjlŠf4c8‚

svf4‚f4aTz‰|^~+g¦mpoa¯“bltd+¢žlte<¡Ddc}zhaŒ‚4mpoia•epl'ŠTzj£ltg¬mpo'a™aƒ'l‚’zmf_lgšl'e<“Hoc}mvoia«Šc‚‚\jvmpoia–svc}madf_c8‚

ŠfBƒ'f‚f:c}m+f_lg©frjÁc‚\jlÌc¬“bc9„­ml©epl‚_‚_li“ mpoa¥aƒ'l‚’zmf4ltg©lempoa³jlŠf_l'+aŠ9ltgiltsHf4Šªj+„"jmas “Hol"ja

z'gha#dVjmcgihtf_g



“Hc*j€cTmmpoaŽo'acdm‹le†of\j



l'c‚j#±8½ˆƒad+„'hc„{‚f_ea<gl*m‹ltg‚B„epld†mpoa6jc¢'a[lte‹cglg*„'sHliz‰j

f_g'htfBƒf4h8zcŒ‚\j£le<mpoia¯c8jmw°zm{c‚jl¥c8j£cgša‚4asvag:mleHof\j



‚_ltwtcŒ‚[g'cd+dcTmpfBƒ'a–l'eHŠc'f’mc‚f\js |^~m{fj

fsH'ldrmc#g8m†epld†zjnmlvoicTƒ'a[f@gs{f_g'hbmpof\j/f_g"jadmf_lg{lte†¡DdcTzha‚_fcg£a9ƒtad+„'hc„‚4f_e+a<'a#dVj+'aŠ}m+fBƒ'a*j€f@g:mlc

wdlcha#ddl



dcsHs{a*|t¤¥oicTm/f’m€oc:j^wdl*z



o8m€f\jDcŒg c}mmpa#g8mf_ltgvmrl£mpoiaHŠltg'ja‘8zagiŠa*jDlte€ŠfYƒ'f4‚f°cTmpf_lg'c8‚

ŠoicŒg



a:j^lg{hcf‚@„{‚4fea*|8¡/zm†f’m‹oc*j€c‚rjlŠlg8mpd+f’w°zmahbmrlw*zf_‚h{c2mpf_s{a[ltdf_ag8ma9hgc#d+dcTmpfBƒ'a9"ltg6mpoia<lga

ocgih“Hof4ŠŒoÃfrj2‚@f_g¢'ahml mpoaHd+l



da8jXjfjmDŠ#o*dlgl‚Yl



„Ãlteˆmpoavha#‚_l„'svag:mDlte¸Šc'f’mc‚@f\jXsH†cghlg

mpoa«l8mpoiadocgih˜mrlªc«ŠTz'‚·m\z'dc‚@‚_„¥ldf_ag8mahšgicd+dcTmpfBƒa–“Hf’mpo¬mpoia¬j+'cTmf_c‚Šltg'ja‘8zkagŠa«le{Šdac}m+f_g



(

ŠTz"‚·m\z'dc‚6cdac8j*)i|J<gih¥c8jv¡DdcTzha‚[o'c8j c¯magihaŒgiŠ„šml•mpof_g*¢­j+'c9Š8a«f_g¬mad+sj le{ŠfYƒf‚_f°cTmf_ltgic8‚

w'‚_l'Š¢j*mpoa8jaŽcTm\mpf’m\zha8j†oicƒ'aŽf@g{gl6“Hc„6waagHga}zmpdc‚"epltdmpoaJ'cdchtf



s{cTmf_ŠŽŠlghf’mf_lg"jˆlejpm\zh8„Hle

qJmmplsHcg–dac‚f’mf4a8j,+}|ˆq”giaylteŽmpoaŠ9ltg"ja‘8zagŠa*j- w°zmlte[Šl*z'dVja ¡DdcTzha‚ŽŠcgÒYm[w'aoa‚4h«epltdvjl‚_a

da8j'ltg'jfBw"‚4a!%šf\j«mpoa©haef_g'f’mf_lgÄle«qJmmrlts{cgLjm\zhf4a8jšf_gLc©ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚ 'ad}j+'aŠTmfBƒ'a©cgh§“bf’m+oÄc

dahlsHf_g'cŒgiŠa6le‡mpoia ( 'adf_oiad+„)6'cdchtf



s|t½ˆƒ'a#d„hc„£‚feavjm\zhf_a8jDl*“HaŽ¡JdcTzha‚‡gl*mˆlg‚B„vmpoiaŒf_d

haef_g'f’mf_ltgÃc8jDc6df_ldMf·m„ epf4a8‚4h epldof\jpmltd+fYŠc‚jm\zhf_a*j"w*zm¸c‚jl mpoiafBdJf_g"ja#dm+fYltg f_g8mlc<ƒ'a#d„yj'aŠfe+f4Š



‚_liwtc‚dl



dcŒsHs{a*|°µnoiaŽ‘8za8jmf_lgHepltd‡zjmpl'hcT„Hf\jˆl*zd†ilkjf’m+fYltgf_g



f_g6daŒ‚4cTmf_lg<mpl<mpo°frj‹oadf’mc



a°|

~+gHcJ'l"jm.r¡DdcTzha‚_f4cŒg'adVj+'a9ŠTm+fBƒtaqJmmrltsbcŒg[`Hcf‚_„H¾^f4e+a­x*m\zh*f_a*jˆs<z‡jpm‹c‚\jlbwtaŽcŽhtf\jŠTz‡jXjf_lgHle"mpoa

epldŠa[ltempoaj'cTm+fYcŒ‚YŠ}z"‚’m\z'dcŒ‚cghŠfBƒ'f‚4f°cTmpfYltg'c‚Šlg"jmpdpzŠœmpf_lg{le†hf_e+eadagŠa*jœ|8¤›a[ŠcgÒYmmc¢'a<e\dlts

¡DdcTzha‚‰ltg‚_„of\jDf_g*ƒ"f’mc}m+f_lgvmpl 'cT„ cTm\ma#g8mpf_lgvml Š9adrmrcf@gjpzw#ŸXa:ŠTmjk“baboicƒ'a<mplha9c‚‰cŒ‚\jl “Hf’mpovmpo'a

hfjXŠTzjVjfYlgšl'e<mpoa™Šltg'ja‘8zagiŠa*jle<mpoa™c'‚@f4Šc}m+f_lg˜lteHof\j



‚_ltwtc‚ŽsHlha‚\j}|^¤ža–ŠcgÒBmHgcfBƒa‚@„

epl‚_‚_lt“Ä¡DdcTzha‚pÒjŽdl



dcsHs{altg‚_„yf_g–f’mj2dcŠTmf_Šc‚wtc8jXa‡“Hac‚\jlyocTƒamrl–Š#ltge\dlg8mDf’m/“Hf·mpo mpoa

wdlchHhf_svag'jf_lgHle‰cŽhf\jŠTz‰jVjf_l'gHle"mpoaŽf_g"jadmf_lgHlempoaŽqJmmrltsbcŒgbaŒsH'f_da”f_g:mlmpoia“Hld+‚_hvj+„jmas |

~mˆfj¸ltgvmpof\jŽjf4ha”mpoicTm†mpoadabf\jˆmlhcT„ c6‚_lim†mrl h°l"f_g ldhaTdˆmpl Šlg8mpd+fBw°zma”mplmpoia6haŠlgjpmpdzŠTmpf_lgle

ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚_f\jm€'cdch*f



sjŽc#gh lejpmcTmpf_Š<ƒ'f\jVfYlg lte€ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚‰cdac:j}|¤ža“bl*z'‚_h s{c¢'aHlte†mpoaHc8j'a:ŠTm€liz'd

e+fBd}jpm‡of4jmld+f_l



dcof4Šc‚jpmc¢'a±Œ“oc}m†Š9cgHcJ'l"jrm\wdcTzha‚_f4cg6'adVj'aŠTmfYƒta2widf@g



ml”mpoaz'gihadVjmc#ghf@g



gl*m‰lg‚B„Hle‰aƒ'a#d„thc„v‚4f_e+aŽf_gvŠf’mf4a8jˆle"mpoiaŽaŒsH'fBdaJw*zm‹c‚jl{lte"mpoiaŽa9ƒtl‚’zmpf_lgHle"mpoiaŽaŒsf_daŽf’mja‚4e†fg

f’mj†daŒ‚4cTmpfYltg<mlŽmpoaJda8jpm‰lekmpoia“ltd‚_h"|

µ†oa<ja9Šltgihvjmc¢'aŽsHf



o8mwtaJ‚@f_g¢ah<mpl”mpoiaЦcdp—'frjpm‰oadf’mc



a*|

[gh¯oiadac



cf_g‡mpoavÍdagŠoyof\jmld+f_l



dco*„™f_g*ƒ"f’ma*jJzj/ +liw'‚_f



a8jJz‰j<s{c„*wa0%Jml¯epf@gihycv"adpmpf@giag8m

'l"j+f’mf_lgf@g



f_gda‚4cTmf_lg ml mpoiabЕcd—'f\jmDoa#dMf·mc



a†svcf_g‚@„ “Hf’mompoavŠ9ltg:mpdMfBw°zm+f_lgml¯a}ƒ'ad+„ihc„y‚f_ea

132547698:;0<>=?@48AB,CED,F>G!HI25J>6:@ABLK$4NM!OP?>QB,698.4@J>MRJK:A048SB,T>;?@J6UO*:4NJ>MEV,WX6O,<C0B,?ZY[25B,6M0O,MC!\$]0^L4_Q4N?N48O,:N4@J>MR`ROa:[b*6U4NB,?N?NB,]

b,cJ>MJ>`d4NBeB*:c,O,;047:NOP?74[8.`dBP]"fhgiBPjNfhgikkk$Bi8U4Nl,c,?NB>I>giJ>?7<`mBnD*]po'BP8S8:6<c*:N<06UBP8SC><Rq><J:4NC>4NB,MEVao'BX;J0898U4_=?NBrB*:

?Ust47`R;J088U4_=?NBhuQJ>?t<`dBrv]o'B80wB*<TRC!Be?Us7b,c,AO,M0x!Bhu,QJ>?7<`mBzymV,o'B{:B,`R;Z8'Cp<|`dJMC0B>I}ZO,6U48U]!~e6`dO,M!C|^LJ>?N47M]D,FpH0F0];ZI

€>

y0]

€

F0F>]pG0‚!GZI,WX6O,<C0B,?ZY[25B,6M0O,MC!\$]>ƒABi8:@6<c„:@<06UB8'JK…†QBa6‡0C!O,‡Ro'47KˆB!V>ƒABXo'47`d4_:$8SJK5:ABL}5J088U4_=?NB>I>ƒ6UO,MZ8U?7O,:B,Cr=0‡

‰

4NO,M‹ŠXB,4t‡!MJ>?@C8*IŒhB*ŽhJ>6V‘zOa6;B,6O,M!C‹Š’Jh]D,F!“5D,]pG0vy;ZI

”25J>6Or6UB*K$?NB,c*:4NJ>MdJM‹:@A48'8<>=*w9Bc*:9V

‰

:J>4NO,MJ,Q4Nc,A•YNƒ6OP47O,M\ˆ]3–_ƒAB,J>6B*:4@caOP?k`R;0?N4@caO*:4@J>MZ8—JK5WX6UOa<C0Ba?ˆsN8S˜P^L4_Q4N?t48:NO,:4NJM

O,:B*6U4NB,?N?NB,šs7]>ƒABe›J<06$MO,?3JK J>C0Ba6UMhA048ˆ:[J>6‡]$DaF>GF0] D,j*D*];!;5I,G“!j$“DI

(4)



le‡Š9liz'dVja”‚_f_g¢'ah<ml<mpoaJoiadf’mc



aŽlekmpoia”[ggc‚4a*j*w*zm‹c‚jl6mpl{cЦcd—'f\jpm‡'a#dVj+'aŠ}mpfYƒtaŽledaez‡jf_g



mpl

jm\zh8„™jl'Šf_aTmf_a*jŽf_gycml+h°li“g 'a#dVj+'aŠ}m+fBƒ'a9†cŒgihylte/dll"j+f_g



cvs{aTmpoilh mpoicTmDŠl*z'‚_hagiŠls6'c*j}j

mpoaÃaT—'f\jmagiŠ8aÃlte[ldh*f_gcd+„™alt‚4a*|‡¡/zmŽoiadac



cŒf_gi€mpoiaaTƒad+„ihc„¦‚f_ea 'adVj"aŠ}m+fBƒ'af\j6'c#dm[le[c

wdlcha#dŽd+l}Ÿa:ŠTmˆcghyleJc



‚_ltwtc‚^gcddcTmpfBƒa*|"½ƒtad+„™hc„y‚f4e+a jpm\zhtf_a*j[c#daŠlgŠafBƒahyc*j[c“Hc„ml

s{c¢'a6Šlg8mc9ŠTm‡“f’mpompoia<hfs{ag"jf_lgle†'lt*z‚_cd€‚f_e+a9cgihbmpoaf_d/a—'l"jz'da<c8j€c6gc#d+dcTmpfBƒa<f\j^'c#dmˆle†c

daŠfjXa‚B„Hw*zf‚’m‰d+oiaTml*d+f4Šc‚'cghHfha9l‚_l



f_Š9cŒ‚dlŸaŠTmœ|Œ¾ˆ~Ó/½™¾ˆ {q[µ‹½2|

~+e/¡JdcTzha‚^eplŠ}zjXahyltg mpoia a9cd‚Y„ÁsHl'had+g“Hld+‚_h†¾/aepawƒdaÒ\j[eplŠTz‰j[f_g–hae+f_g'f’ma‚@„™lg mpoia[~Žmpo

Šag:m\z'd+„"|baja9a8j/f_g'h8zjmpdf_c‚f:cTmf_lgcghz'dpw'cgf*c}mpf_ltg‚4ac9htf_g



mplmpoia6hfjcacdcŒgiŠa6le‡mpdchf’mpf_lg'c8‚

ƒ'c‚Bza*j}|µ†oaŽda8jpz"‚·m†f\j†mpocTmmpoaŽf_ghfBƒ"f4h8zc‚"das{cf@g"j€c‚fÏagc}mahvcgihbmpoia<Šlgja‘8zag'Ša<f\j†mpocTmmpoiaŽltg‚B„

aT—'f’m2f\j6c Šl‚_‚4aŠTmfBƒ'a cŠTmf_lg¯epdlsQw'a‚_l*“ f_g™ltdha#dJml¯f_sH'lkja gilim2lg‚Y„¯c…jlŠf_c‚€ltdha#d”w°zmŽc‚jl–c

j+„"jpmasLle^ƒ'c‚Bzka8j[cgh daŒeada#g'Ša8j}|µˆofrjDdaƒ'l'‚’zm+fYltgicŒd+„ÃgcddcTmpfBƒavf\j”ƒtad+„yaepe+f4Šfag:mJf_gyf4hag8mf@ep„'f@g



mpoa d+ll8mjle[ŠŒoicg



a*jHf_g«aƒ'ad+„thc9„¦‚_f4e+a “bf’m+o«f_gih8z‡jpmpdMfYcŒ‚4f:cTmf_ltgÁcgh¯z'd+wtcŒgf:c}m+f_lg"|‡¡/zm[f’m[f\jHc‚\jl

ƒ'a#d„{m+f_s{a6ld+f_ag8ma9hcghj+'cTmf_c‚‚_„ ld+f_ag8ma9h±impoa[daTƒ'l‚Bzm+fYltgild/aTƒtagŠoicŒg



aHŠcgŠlsba6ltg‚_„ e\dls

'‚_cŠa*jÁcŒee+aŠ}mah1w„1mpoiaªŠ:cTzja*jœ|6~+gaƒ'f’mcw'‚@„tmpoa©q2m4mplsHcgÌasH'f@da f_g1mpof\j«'a#dVj+'aŠ}m+fBƒ'a \w*zm

¾€ae+awƒida”f\jˆgl*m‹h*fBdaŠ}m+‚B„Hda:j+'lg"jfYw'‚4a!%Šl*z‚_hHc'acd€c8jˆcJ'adf_'oad+„|8¤¥f’mo<m\“blvaT—'f·m‡dliz°ma8j*“6ofYŠ8o

ocƒta”w'aag6mpd+f_a9hw„{q2m\mrltsbcŒgf\jpmj#±jol*“ªmpoicTmmpoadaJ“c8j€cg{f@g'h8zjpmpdf_c‚f:cTmf_lgdlŠa:jVj'ld^j+ol*“ªmpoicTm

'adfB'oadf4a8j‡“badaJgilim‰giaŠa8jXjcdf‚_„6'c*jXjfYƒaJdaŠa*mcŠ‚_a*jœ|

~+g­mpoa <adsHcg²Šlg8maT—°mbmpoa­jm\zh8„²le…aTƒad+„ihc9„Ä‚_f_e+a9lteysvf4Šdltof\jml*dp„²cŒgihÌle mrltfYŠijy“Hf’mo

cg:mpo*dl'lt‚Yl



f4Šc‚ˆ‚a9cŒgf_g



jŽŠ9lsHa8j[e\dls cvhfepe+a#dag8m^wtcŠ¢



dl*z'gh"|µ†oa„ys{cd+¢™c{ha'cdm\z'daHe\dls c

Цc#d—'f\jm+f_g"j+'fBdah jmpdzŠ}m\z'dc‚_f\jm›jl'Šf_c‚«cgh aŠlglsvf4Š¨ofrjpmltdp„™cf@s{f_g



cTmžcÌsHldaÌg8zcgŠa9h

ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚_‚@„…cT“{cdavda8jag:mcœmpf_lgyle^mpoia ‚_f_e+al'eJldh*f_gcd+„ysHagycgihÓblsHagycgihÃmpo:zjŽda'‚_cŠf_g



mpoa



dcgihvgcddcTmpfBƒa8j†“Hf’mo6mpol"jaJ“Hof4ŠŒo jol*“Ìsbltda6jag'jf’m+fBƒf’mp„ml6mpoa[Šls6‚4a—f_g:mad+'‚c„£le‹htf4eeadag8m

ecŠTmldVj†fBgHof\jmld„ic#gh<mpl<mpoaJf_gihtfBƒfh8zc‚'dcTmpoiad‡mpocg

(

jl'Šf_aTmp„)[c:jˆc“6oil‚_a*|

͉ldnzjtmpoa6jmc#¢'a<f\jdaŠfrjXa‚_„ml6mc¢'aŽ'cdm†f_g£Šltg:masH'ltdcd„£haw'cTma8jœ|ªdahf\jŠl*ƒad+„£lte‡¾€aeawƒda

f\j«Š‚4a:cd‚B„



lf_g



ltg²f@g¨gialSpsHcd+—'f\jm™f_g8ma‚_‚a9ŠTm\zc‚ ŠŒf¶dŠ‚a:j f_giŠŒ‚Bzhf_g



q2m4mpls{cŒgÄx*m\zh*f_a*j}|Hµ†oa

‘8za8jpmpf_ltgyf\j#±‡oili“ Šcg mpoia jm\zh*„yleDa9ƒtad+„'hc„™‚f_eaŠ8lg8mpdf’w*zmamrlÃmpoia8jaha}wcTma8j´¤žf’m+o m\“HlsHcfg

‘8za8jpmpf_ltgf_g



j#±"ol*“ÄŠcgv“ba<mc¢'a6dlef’m¸e\dlsÌmpoaHsvampoilh cghjz



a:jmf_ltg'jŽcgih cTmˆmpoavjcŒs{a<mpf_sa

w'a}“Hcda<lepempoia”'c#dchl*—'fŠ9cŒ‚4‚@„{Š}z"‚’m\z'dcŒ‚4f\jm‡wtcŠ¢



dl*z'g'h<mpocTmnŠlsHa*j†“Hf’mpo6mpoas{´J`Hl“ba”dac‚_‚@„£ocƒ'a

mpl mpo°f@g°¢–f_gmad+sj[leJf_g'h8zjmpdfc‚_f°cTm+fYltgyf_gyldhadmrl z'ghadVjpmcghysHl'hadgf’m„t´~}jg"ÒBm/mpoadac“Hc„ mpl

cŠŠ9a8j}jycšhfs{agjfYlg­le Š}z"‚’m\z'dcŒ‚{Šl's6‚4a—'f’mp„iepldyaT—'csH'‚ašf_g©hae„'f_g



e\dls mpoa*jažepl*zghf@g



gc#d+dcTmpfBƒa8jŽf_gyaƒtad+„'hc„y‚_fea jpm\zhtf_a*jX´HqŽdŽa‚\ja±“Hoc}m^“Hl*z'‚_h w'a{liz'dDgcddcTmpfBƒ'avf_gmpofrj2e+f4aŒ‚4h'´b¤¥oicTm

Šl*z'‚_h<mpoaŽl*w#ŸXaŠTmjˆcgh<mpoiaŽhtf_s{ag"jf_lgHle‡s{cTmadf_c‚4f’m„£le‡‚_feamacŠ#o'´E rmpocTm‹Šoicg



a8jˆf_g6mpoa<jmpdpzŠTm\zda:j

le¥hcf@‚_„Ë‚f_eaÂepl‚‚Yli“bah sHldaŠls6'‚4a9—Îdl*z*ma8jšmÏocgLmpoaÂlga:j1jpz



aijpmah w„Lmpoia¿dcTmaÄlte

f_g'h8zjmpdf_c‚f:c}m+f_lg'´[µocTm†mpoia<da‚4cTmf_ltg'jof_ “Hf·mpovmpoa ( mpdchtf·m+f_lgc‚p҆s{cTmad+f4c‚‡‚4f@eaHŠcgÒYm†wta6dah8zŠahml

mpoa hf_c‚a9ŠTm+fYŠ8jleŽcg™a—*ma#d+gc‚^sHl'hadgf’mp„'´ µnoia*ja cdajlsHa lempoia…jpmc¢'a8jleŽl*z'dŽdaep‚a9ŠTm+fYltg"jœ|‡~+g

l8mpoa#d“Hl*dhjc6h*fjaŒgiŠo'cŒg:mps{aŒg:mˆle†daTƒ'f_l*z‰j‚@„ a—'f\jmf_g



gcddcTmpfBƒ'a*j/leˆsHlha#dMgf·m„|'µnoia6haw'cTmai±hl

“banŸzjpm“Hcg:mmpl jpz



a8jm‰g:zcgŠa*j‡mrl



‚_l*w'c‚j+„"jpmaŒsjX´Dq”dˆhl<mpoa:jaŽfsH*z"‚\jaijˆepldsªmpoawc8jf\jˆle‰l*z'd

l*“6gHf_g8maddaTmcVmpfYƒtabj+„jmas{´J~Vj‡mpoiadaŽcJm\z'd+gHf@g{ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚jm\zhf_a8jf_gb“bofŠo{qJm\mplsHcg<u6d+wtcŒg£xim\zhf_a*j

Šl*z'‚_hbwidf@g



cŽhaŠfrjfBƒaŽfsH*z‚rjaf_gHldhadmpl6d+ll"jaJgiaT“­'c#dchf



sjX´ŽqŽdf4j‡mpoa<jpmc¢'aŽlte‰l*z'd"mpf@s{a

Ÿ+zjmmplHh*fjXŠ}zj}j‡mpoaŽŠ‚_l"jahvj+„jmasvj‡“ba”f_go'adf’ma9hlep´

o'B*KUB=>Q6UBiY[‘hB,M06U4N\$]po'OLQ4@Brq><J:4@C>4NB,M!MBXC0O,MZ8—?@B{`dJ>MC0BX`dJ>C!B,6M0BP]p}5O,6489]rOP?7?@47`dO,6C]D,F>G“>]0y!“0y;ZI

o'BaK$B=!Q6UBzY[‘iB,M6$4N\U]>kMp:@6UJ>C><c*:4NJ>Mr?tOr`dJ>C!B,6$M476:b>I}Z6Ub,?_<C0BP8]p}Oa6$489]"…C>47:4NJPMZ8SC0B

™

47M0<047:]†DaFG0v]0y>H!G;5I

o'BaK$B=!Q6UBzY[‘iB,M6$4N\U]0^S6$47:4tqp<BrC0BX?NOLQ4NBeqp<J:4NC04NB*M0MB>IPƒSJ>`dBrkkV"2J>MC!B,`dB,Mp:8SCs<0MBz8.J>c,4NJ>?J>x04NBrC0Br?@Orq><J:4@C>4NB*M0MB*:bP]

}5O6$48]>?Ust~r6Uc*ABP]5DaF>G†D*]!y>GD;ZI

}5O>8U47M•Y~rM0x!B,?!…'M06U47q><Bi^SO,66UB*:B,6UJ>\ˆ]"o'Oeqp<J:4NC>4NB,M0MB*:brc,J>`d`dBrJ=*w*B*:LV‘iB,M64o'B*K$B*=0Q6UBrB*:

™

4Nc*ABa?

™

OaKK$BP8J>?N4IhB*<T

?NB,c*:N<6UB8'J;!;J08.b,B"8]

‰

J>c,4Nb*:bP89]!v!‚0‚0vj



]5D„G>;ZI

‰

B,BrO?[8.JhgiJ>MdC!B*6

‰

:NOPC:a<06<06=O,MB,MrBP8UB,?N?8UcaAOaK:'V›9Oc,J,=RWL<6Uc,A0O,6UC:Z<0M!C

‘hB,M!6U40o'B„KˆB9=!Q6UBi<06:

™

B9‡Ba6

‘iB,M6$4o'B„K$B=!Q6UB|VOrc,64t:N4Nc,OP?47M>:@6UJ>Cp<c*:4NJ>MZ~eMCP‡ B,6U647K$4NB,?NC

(5)

 

ÍdagiŠŒo¦Š9ltg"jpmpdzŠœmpfYltg¦leŽ½^ƒtad+„'hc„š‚4fea–jm\zhf_a*j{cij£cdach*„«ml•zja…'c#dchf



sbJf@g¦da'‚4cŠf_g



mpoa

oc*ja8j[leJf’mj[Š9ltg'jmpdzŠTmpfYltgf_g:mlÃmpoiafBdJda*j'aŠTmfYƒtaŠlg8maT—°mjV|µ†of\j<‚4ac9hj<of4sÂmlyh*frjŠTzj}j/“Ho'cTm^“ba

Šl*z'‚_h Šc‚‚mpoiaof4hhag c



aghc*jDle¡DdcTzha‚†cghv¾€aeaTwƒidakmrl¯jz



a:jm¸cg cTmma#g8mpf_lgvml Í‰l*zŠcTz'‚’mXÒ\j

svf4ŠdlSmaŠogilt‚_l



f_a*jle'li“badŽcgih•mpl¥aTƒtlt¢'a mpoia¯“Hc„˜f@g¦“Hof4ŠŒožcŒg:mpo*dll‚_l



f4jmj‚_f_¢"aЦf4ŠŒoia‚

Цcepe+a*jlt‚_f†cgih£Ð¦f4Šoa‚`ba admacTz…Šlg8mÏd+fBw*zmah f_g h*f\js{cg8m‚@f_g



mpoa6*z'd+'l"ja6ld+f_ag:mah s{aŠoicŒgf4Š*j

le/aƒ'ad+„'hc„y‚4f_e+a jpm\zhtf_a:j}|<g



aŒ‚‡½¸g*df_‘8za

cd+da}mad+l†c:jf@gÃepl‚‚_l*“{j[c jf4svf‚4cd/mpdcŠ¢}|µ†oa8jaw'l*mpo

ƒ'f\jf_lg"j6joiliz‚_h w'azjahyc*j<f_g*ƒ'f’mc}m+f_lgjDmlÓof_‚4ahtf\jXagiŠŒo'cg:mpf@g



mpoa½ˆƒ'ad+„'hc„™‚_feav'cgldcsHc‡mpl

e+f_g'h<mpoaJs{aTmpoilhl‚_l



fŠ9cŒ‚'a#dm+f_giaŒgiŠaŽleda8jag8m‰da:jacdŠo6dl



dcsHs{a8j}|

~+g¦ldhadŽmplšh*f4jŠTz‰jVj{Šc#f’mc‚4frjs cgh–Иcd—'f\jsSf_gšc«jl'+Šc‚_‚4ah«'adfBo'a#d„i^m\“l•“Hc}„"jHo'cƒ'a waag

epl‚_‚_lt“bah±ŒmpoiaŽha:j+'adc}ma<jacdŠŒoHepld‡mpdcŠa:jˆle‡f_g'h8zjpmpd„£cŒgih<“Hld+¢'f@g



ŠŒ‚4c*jVjˆf_g6m+oia½/s6'f_daf_g{ltdhad

mplwta<cw'‚4aJml f_gjadm‰mpoaŽ'adfBoiad+„f_g8mlmpoiabj+„jmasH‰ltd‡mpoia<cepe+fBds{cTm+fYltgHmpocTm‰mpoada[frj€c6‚_fea6l*z*mjf_ha

lempoaj+„"jpmas|‰da8jaŒg:m/mpoaldaVmpf_Š:cŒ‚€a—'‚_ldcTmf_ltg'jvjpz



a8jpm/mpocTmD“Haj+oiliz‚_h



l–ez'dpmpoad#±zja£mpoia8ja

'adVj'aŠTmpfBƒa8jŽml–daepf_ga



‚Yltw'c‚^ƒ'f\jVf_l'gj€cŒgih–sHl"jm[l*e[c‚4‚mpl«Šlg*e\dltg:mJmpoa ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚€‘8zka8jmf_lg"|†qJz'd

“Hfjof_gvmpof\jJjasvf_g'cd/f\jmpoc}m“of_‚4a6a—'csvf_gf_g



s{cg*„ Š9cijajm\zhf_a8j“Ha6‚_f’m\m‚_a<w„‚f·m\m+‚_aŠltge\dltg:m†mpl

mpofj¸‘8zaijpm+fYltgf_g



±e\dlsÌwtaŒ‚Yli“bhcŒf_‚_„ ‚fea"gl*m€c8jDjf@sH'‚4a6cvj+„"jmas¨c*j¸lim4mplsHcgjm\zhf_a8jŽjoili“bcgh

“ocTm´Hµoiavcgjp“{adŽsHc„wtavf@g:mlycdaep‚4aŠTmf_lglg mpoiaJŸl*z'd+ga„"j2le/cvsblhadgf’m„ “Hoilkjavhaef_g'f’mf_lg

s6zjmw'aJdll8mah6f@g:mpl<mpoaJ¢gili“‚4ah



aŽle‡cŽepf@g'c‚4‚@„HgilsHldaJgc_ƒampdchf’mpf_lg"|

x'l6oadaŽfj‡“bocTm‰f_gHl*z'd†lf@gfYlg<mpoaÍkdag'ŠoHcdl'cŠoŽmpl{aTƒ'a#d„ihc„{‚_fea<jm\zhf_a*j^jz



a8jpmj}|

¡/zm‹lizid†daep‚a9ŠTm+fYltg{frj€c‚\jl6w'c*jah{ltg <ads{cgHfsH*z"‚\jXa8j +cgh<“{aŽhlgÒYmz'gha#da8jmf_s{cTmampoaE6a#dMsbc8g

f_gep‚BzagiŠa”e\dlsªÐ˜cd—{f_gÍdaŒgiŠo<Цcd+—'f\js²cŒgihHlee6ald



xtf_sHs{a‚"f_gÍdagiŠŒo Hf\jmld+f_Šc‚‰xl'Šf_l‚_l

 „

ld‡f_g<mpoa of4Š:c



l x'Šoillt‚ t%

¡/zmepldmpoa6*z'd+ilkja6lenmpof\jDf@g:mpdl'h8zŠœmpf_lg"“Ha<“Hf_‚4‚†eplŠTzjDlgvmpoaHs{aTmpol'hlt‚Yl



f4Šc‚‡f4sH*z"‚\jXa



fBƒag

w„[‚e†¾h8mp¢'a[cgh{limpoiadVj^f_gHmpoa6Šlg8ma}—*mˆlempoia”'l"j+mr“bcTd€aTƒtl‚’zmf_ltg{le‡mpoa<of\jpmltd+fYŠc‚"dlepa8j}jfYlg"|

~+g [ads{cŒg*„­mll'f_gihaahbmpoiaÀof\jmld„²leyaƒ'ad+„thc„©‚f4e+a¥o'c8jywaagªmpoa¥liw#ŸXa:ŠTm…lteÃfsH'ltd\mcg:m

s{aTmpol'hl‚_l



f_Šc‚HcgihždcŠTmf_Šc‚HŠlg8mpd+fBw°zm+f_lgjœ|J<gihžÐ•cd+—'frjpm{ofrjpmltdf_cg"j o'cƒtažjpz



a8jmah¥l*mpoad

“bc9„j€lte†f_g*ƒa8jpm+f



c}m+f_g



'lt*z‚_cd€‚@f4e+a°|µnoia [ads{cggia“©ofrjpmltdp„{lte‹hcf‚@„{‚4fea2“bc*j^c‚\jl6mpoa[Šdac}mpf_lg

le‡c



agiadcTmf_lgHlte'l"jmr“bcd†ofjpmltdf_cgj'ŠlsHf_g



f_g8mlof



o6ƒ'frjfBwf‚4f’m„bf@g6mpoiav¹#ºÉ°ÊÒ\j*“Hof4Šo6o'ch<mpoa

f_g"jXadmpf_lgHlee<ads{cg6of\jmld+f_l



dco*„Hf_g:mlf_g8madgcTmf_lgc‚"hawtcTma8jˆc8jncŽŠltg'jmcg:m‰d+l



dc#ss{a*|

Hj <a9ltepe½/‚4a„­jpmcTma8jŽltgia«lte6mpoa«s{c+Ÿltd Š9ltg:mpd+fBwzmpf_ltg'j le6mpof\j'adf_l'hÀf\jvmpoia–dlsHl8mpf_lg¥le

c‚’mad+gicTmfYƒtaÂjl*z'dŠa8jÃmrl s{c¢'a­mpol"ja³“HoilQhf4htgÒYm«“df’ma¿j'ac¢‰±ldc‚–of\jpmltd„i'ol*mpl



dcof4Š

‰

c,A!4N?@?74tMx|YhB,6UB*\$]…QB,6‡!C0O,‡‹o'4NK$BrOMC :@ABXc,A!OP?7?NB,M0x!BX:Ji‘i48:J>6N‡R4@Mn}5J08:NiOP6—26O,Mc,B>IWX6O,<C0B,?N]>o'B„K$B=!Q6UBP]^LB*6:Oa<0š"]

h4NOPca6$47:@4NcP8]!v>‚0‚y!]0y!y>jDa];ZIvy0j



‚I

}5O>8U47MnY~rMx!B,?!…'M064Nq><Br^LO,66UB*:B6UJ>\U]o'Oiq<J:4@C!4NBM!MB*:bec,J>`m`dBeJ,=*w*B*:LV‘iB,M64o'B*K$B*=0Q6UBrB*:

™

4Nc*ABa?

™

OaKK$BP8J>?N4IhB*<T

?NB,c*:N<6UB8'J;!;J08.b,B"8]

‰

J>c,4Nb*:bP89]!v!‚0‚0vj



]5D„G>;ZI

‰

c,A!<0?B 4tM!K6U4NB,C0] hB*<0:$8Uc*AB rBP8Uc,A4Nc*A!:8ˆz488UB,MZ8UcaAOaK:MOc*AD*F

€

] ™

<0M4NcA]e?NC0BaM"=J<6Ux0]5DaF0“0F>]yG!G>;ZI

oCp:NBiY~i?7K$\'Y7…LCZI\$]>~i?N?_:Ox8.x0BP8.c,A04Nc*A!:[B<06ŠXB*J>MZ8:@6<!>:4@JMRA048:J>6U48AB*6…'6Ux>O,A!6<0Mx0B*M‹<0MC o'B9=B,MZ8.zBa4[8.B,MZ]p26O,Mc*KUJ>6:[]

^LO`R;><8SgiB*6U?tOx]D,F!“>F0]0y



F";ZI

~i?7K5oC>:NB]0˜akM!:@6UJ>C><c*:4NJPMV-AO*:Z48:NABL‘z48ˆ:[J>6‡mJK5…QZB,6‡!C0O,‡no'47K$BeOMC AJiO,6UBek[:8—}Z6UOc*:@47:@4NJ>MB*698*šiƒABL‘i48:J>6‡RJ>K

…†QBa6‡0C!O,‡‹o'4NK$BP]YB,CZI\~i?tKoCp:NBP]D,F>F

€

];!;ZI"y0j



‚I

›9O`dBP8LY[‘|I\5OaMC‹›9Oc*8.J>M•Y›*I6*I\~i?t?7:@Ox8.x0BP8.c,AcA!:BP]

‰

J>c,4NOP?

‰

c,4NB*M0c,B{‘z48ˆ:$J>6‡]!OM0C :@AB

‰

:@<0C‡dJK

™

4@x!6UO*:4NJPMR4tM

Œh4tMB*:B,BaM0:NAZj^LB,Mp:@<06‡rBa6U`dO,M>‡]^LB*M!:@6O?0…<06UJ;B,OMh‘i48:J>6‡]0vy0jv]7y>]†DaF>F>‚];0;ZIv



vjv0G0yI

WXB,6UC0OaA?ZY[ŠXJP=B,6:\B*:ZO,?I] z?NO>898.B,M‹<0M0Ci<0?7:@<06U]

‰ J P4NO?tO,Mp:@A06UJ;J>?NJ>x048UAB{}5B,698;B*0:N4_QB,MR4tMRC0BP8 rBP8.c,A4Nc,A>:$898.c,A06UBa4=!<0Mx]

256UO,Mp0K<6:$]

™ I ‰

‡!MC!47O*:$]5DaF>“>v];ZI

ŠeJ08.B,MA0OaK:†Y[…†QB,\U]!˜*‘z48ˆ:[J>6‡]!~iM>:NA06UJ;J>?NJ>x>‡]0OMCi:NAB

‰

:N<CP‡RJpK5…QB,6$‡!C0O,‡‹o'47KUBP]!~ŠXB9Q4NBa ~i6:[4Nc,?NB,š>]0^’J>`R;0O,6UO*:4_QB

‰

:N<C!4NBP8S4tM

‰

J>c,4NB*:@‡ROM0C‹‘i48:J>6‡]!vF0j*D*]†DaF>“>H];0;ZI>F0F!jD„‚

€ I

hO>8Uc,A!<"=OhY J>?tKx0O,Mx0\]>o'B=B,MZ8hB,?7:Z<0M‹0<?_:N<06C0B*6—<0M>:B*6=6Ux0B*6?N4@c*AB,M

‰

c,Ac*A!:BMR47` D*FIiMC‹v0‚I>›9OaA06A><0MC0B*6:$I

™

Mc*ABMZ]"ŠzIr?NC0B,M>=J<6Ux‹giB,6?@Ox0]5DaF0Fp‚0]5D

€

y;ZI

^L6UB*YhO*Q4@C‹2I\U]>~i?7?7:@Ox8Ux8Uc,A!4Nc,A>:BRVP~MB*

‰

J>c,4NOP?‘i48:J>6‡E–256UJ>`=Ba?@JdsN]^’B,M!:@6OP?!…<06UJ;BaOPM‹‘i4[8ˆ:J>6‡]!v0vj$y!]

 ]

rB,6U`RO,MR‘i48:J>64@B8,V0^SA0O?t?NB,M!x0BP8S47M|ƒAB*6UJ>6‡]^’O,`h=64@C!x0BzM!4_QB,698U47:t‡‹}56UBP88'J>M‹=B,AO,?7K†JK'^LJ>M!K$B,6UB,Mc,B r6UJ<0;RK$J>6

^LB,M!:N6$O?>…S<06UJ;B,OM‹‘z48:J>6‡RJpK5:ABe~r`dB,64Nc,O,MR‘i48:J>64@caOP?~h898.J>c,4Oa:4@JMZ]5DaF0“>F0]";0;ZI0y>F

 j

‚0HI

rB,JpK$K…?NB9‡]po'O=3J>6‘i4[8ˆ:J>6‡

‰

J0c,4NO?‘i4[8ˆ:J>6‡ZI>˜,~i?N?7:O,x8.x0BP8.c,Ac,A>:NB,šVa…LT>;B*6U4NB*Mc,BP]^S<0?7:N<06UBP]O,MCi:NAB{}5J>?N47:@4NcP8SJK:[AB

…†QBa6‡0C!O,‡ OrŒhBa h4@6UBac*:4@J>M‹K$J>6 rB*6U`|OaM

‰

J>c,4NO?0‘i48:J>6‡ >sN]!ƒABr›9J<06MO,?ZJK

™

J>C0B,6UM‹‘i4[8ˆ:J>6‡]!G†Dajv]5DaF0“0F>]";0;ZI>v“Hj

y yIa}Z<"=?N48AB,Ci=0‡‹:AB!zM4_QB,698.4t:t‡RJK'^LA4Nc,OPx!Ji}Z6UBP88*I

(6)

leJ¡JdcTzha‚JgldlteJ¾¸aepa9wƒida/frjHf_g'haa9h«ŠdzŠf4cŒ‚Df_g•mpoia gaT“ 6adsHcg«of\jmld„Ále[aƒ'a#d„thc„¦‚@f4e+a°|

¾h8mp¢'a*Ò\jv‚4f_e+aTmf_s{a–ef



o8mHoic8jvw'a9aŒg–ml˜haepagh•mpoia…cdc9htf



s{cTmf_Šc‚Jadmpf_gagiŠ8ayleHofrjHdlt'l"jc‚j

c 

cf_g"jmˆw'l8mpo ‚_cw'l*z'd/ofjmld„ cgih ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚‰ofrjpml*d„|~+gvmpof\j•[adsHcg Šlg"jmpdzŠVmpf_lg lte€aƒ'ad+„'hc„Âf_ea

jm\zh*fYaijnc8jˆcJdaepf@g'as{ag8m‹ledl*z



o<Цcdp—'frjpm‹cg'c‚Y„jVf\jˆle"mpoaŽ‚fBƒf@g



Šlghf’mf_lgjˆle"mpoia“Hld+¢f_g



Š‚_c*jVj

cgih cgc‚’ma#dMgicTmfYƒta”mlmpoa[da‚c}mpfYƒ'f\jXsÄleˆŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚†jm\zhf_a*jmpoadabf\jŽjpz'da‚Y„Ãcgf4‚‚Bzjmpdc}mpf_ltg£leˆol*“¨c

ga9lSrЕcd—'f\jm£'adVj'aŠTmpfBƒ'a¦Šcg›Šltge\dltg:mvmpl¬mpoia¬‘8za8jpm£lteHmpdcŠa8j lte{'lt*z'‚4cd‚_f_ea*|Ó2asvcf_g"jmpoa

‘8za8jpmpf_ltg l'enmpoia



agiadc‚†gcddcTmpfBƒ'a*|¤žocTm/f4jR'UNLe#!>'# jXc„if@g



f@gmpoaHagh'´<~m¸fj/daŠf\jXa‚@„

mpoaHl*w#Ÿa:ŠTm¸lte€ŠTz'd+dag:m/haTwtcTma8jœ|t¡/zm/c‚\jl‰±"fjR'ˆ[Xe#!>'$#£cgÃa9—'f·m^dl*zma”mrl£mpoiaha9chaghjDle

ŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚_f\jm‰gcddcTmpfBƒ'a*jX´J[gh<“Hoc}m†Š9liz'‚_h6w'ampoia”‚4a*jVjltg'jˆle‡f·m†epld‡mpoaŽqJmmplsHcg<½/sfBdXa:´¸¡2aŠ:cTzja”f\e

cgÁa9—tŠa8j}jleŽepf_g'c8‚_f*c}m+f_lg–f\jbcŒg™l*w"jpmcŠ‚a9¸f·m[frjc‚\jl«cjmf_sbz‚4cg8m[epld6h*f\jŠ}zj}jf_lg"|‰~+gmpoaŠc:jXa le

'ˆ[LX#!>'$#Œf’m‰f\jsbltdampoiaŽŠlg8m\dcd„k±*c8jh[adsc#gof\jpmltd+fYl



dc#o*„Hf_gbmpof\jˆepfa‚4hjˆhae+f4a8j



‚_ltwtc8‚

gc#d+dcTmpfBƒa8jkmpoaH‘8za8jpm+fYltg f\jml¯jldrm€l*z*mˆ“ocTm€fj^z‰jaez‚‡epldJl*z'dDh*fjXŠTzjXjf_lg"j}|¡2aŠcTz‰ja<mpoajmc¢'aHfj

gl*m†mpl c‚B„ w'‚f_g'ht‚B„mpoiasHl'ha‚kmlÃcgl8mpoiad/ef4a‚4h"|~m‹frj^mlvzjaHf’m€f@e€f’m/oc:jDcb'a#dmpf_g'aŒgiŠa*|¤¥o'cTm¸Šcg

“ba‚_ac#dMg'´6Žw'l*zm†mpoa<½€s6f_da:´6Žw'l*zmzidw'cgyjl'Šf_aTmf4a8jX´6”wtlizmˆsHl'had+gf·m„t´ ‹cdpm€lte†mpoavjmc#¢'a8jDlte

l*z'd‡da8jag8m‹haTwtcTma8j‡“f_‚‚wtamplj+ld\mmpofjnlizm|

qJzmj+f_h'avlempoa:jabm\“blsHc+ŸldŽf@sH*z‚\jXa8j†e\dls¨ÍdcgŠ:avc#ghe\dls <ads{cg*„i†a9ƒa#d„ihc„y‚4fea jm\zhf_a*j

“badašc‚jl1ag°dfŠoiahÀw„ªmpoia¬'adVj'aŠTmfYƒta*j wdliz



o:m f@gªw„›mpoa¬~pmc‚_fcg $! >0 >‰|Ž[ghÀ“HoicTm

svf4Šdlkjpmpld+f_c…widf@g



jvf\j{gl*mltg‚B„˜cygaT“ jŠ9cŒ‚4aylevjm\zh*„iJf’mHfj{cda‚4cTmf_ltg'jof_•ml–mpoa–jl*z'dŠa:jJc#g

f_g8mfs{cŠ„­“Hf’moªmpoa­jl'Šfc‚{dlh8zŠVmpf_lgÌleyof\jml*d+f4Š:c‚bmpdcŠa8jœ|<~m…Šcg­w'a›lte



dacTmÃoa‚_Ìf_gÌl*z'd

daep‚4a:ŠTm+fYltg'jšlgÄlim4mplsHcgÌmli“gj}|H¤¥f’mpo¿mpoia1‘8za:jmflg ( f\jªjs{c‚‚wacTzmp„ez‚‚):¡Jdch Žda



ld+„

jz



a:jmah«jzŠo«hf\jŠTzj}jf_l'gjHleJmpoa'admf_gagŠ9a…epldaTƒ'ad+„thc9„Á‚f4e+a¯jpm\zhtfYa8jHleJmpoadae+‚4aŠTmf_lgjlg

jŠ9cŒ‚4aŽsHfŠ#dlkjpmpld+f_cŽf_g8mpdl'h8zŠah |

Žw'l*zm"mpoa½€g



‚_frjo{of\jmld+f_l



dco*„i‚4aTmzj'Ÿz‡jpm‰svag:mpflg8mpoiaŽaƒ'l‚’zmpfYltgHl'e‡‚4cw'l*z'd^jm\zh*f_a*jˆcgh<mpoiaŒf_d

dl



da:jVjfBƒ'a<f_g'Š‚Bz‡jfYlg{lte‹ŠTz"‚·m\z'dc‚'cdchtf



sj * |#µnoia<a}ƒ'l‚’zmf_lg{lte‹a9ƒtad+„'‚f_eajm\zhf_a8j€f@gHmpoaŸliz'd+gic‚

udw'cg Hf\jmld„ÃsHf



o8m€w'a<mc¢'ag c*jDcŒgÃf@gihtf4Š:cTml*d}| µnoiadaHfrj2c‚\jlcH‚_lim



lf@g



lg f_gmpoavepfa‚4hle

cg:mpo*dl'lt‚Yl



f4Šc‚jm\zh*f4a8j'epl‚_‚_li“bf@g



hfjXŠTzjXjf@g



jpmcdmpa9hc}mmpoiaŽagh<mpoav¹#ºÉ°Ê"Ò\j +

|

[gh†cTm^mpof\jDda‚f4svf_g'cd+„–jpmc



avl'e/liz'dDdae‚4aŠ}m+f_lgjn‚4aTm€zj[c‚rjl¯sHag:m+f_lgyc jadfa:j[lteDf_s*z‚\jXa8j[ld

mpoasHa*j‡mpoicTm“Ha/ocƒ'amrl¢'aa#6f_gs{f_g'h“oagHhf\jŠTz‰jVjf4g



z'dwtcŒgblim4mplsHcg6dac‚_f’mfa:j}|

{aT“©c8j'aŠTmjˆle‡sbcTmadf_c‚‚4fea

Цl'ha8jˆhaƒ'fYa*|Œ¡2l*z'd



alfjˆ‚_fea*|

͉l'lh°*~+g8ma#d+f_ldVj>

z"f\jf_g'a

Šlgjpz"sH*mpf_lg

x'l*drm{ *<a9l*d



a8j f

cda‚_‚_l—%

¡/zm2c‚jl'ˆcgh mpoaf_sH*z"‚\jaŠ9lsHa*j[e\dlsL[sva#dMf4Šc9lgyaTƒtad+„'hc„y‚f4e+ai±kmaŠogilSMjlŠ#f_c‚jpm\zhtf_a*jT±kmpoa

hf@epe\z‡jf_l'gHlte"maŠ#o*gf4Š:cŒ‚'sHl'hadgf’mp„Hf_gvaƒtad+„h'c„H‚f4e+a

¡/zm‰‚_aTmzjˆŠlsHampl{qmmrltsHcgx*m\zh*f_a:j}|8¤ža“Hf_‚‚"oicƒ'aŽ‚_ag:m„blte"mf_svampof4jˆcŠ:chasvf4ŠJ„'acd‡mrlHh*frjŠTzj}j

w'l*mpo–mpoa–j'a8Šf_e+f4Šf’mfa*j{leŽmpof\jepfa‚4hšcgh¦f’mVjH'l"jVjfBw‚4a–Šlg8mpd+fBw°zm+f_lgjHml



‚_l*w'c‚2haw'c}ma8j^w*zm[“Ha

“bliz'‚_hH‚_f@¢'aml'hcT„[mpl6w'a



f_g<mpljz



a8jpm‰cŽŠad\mcf_g6g8zswtadˆle‡hfBda9ŠTm+fYltg"jˆepld†l*z'd†haTwtcTma8j}|

ŠXBQBa?5Y›OPcaq><B8U\'YB,CZI\ˆ]"o'Oe`R4Nc,6UJ0jO,M0O?_‡8.B i?Us7B,T>;b,6$4NB,Mc,B]}5O,64@8]rO,?N?t4N`RO,6UCh?NB

‰

B*<47?]5D,F!F>G0]pv



y";ZI

1 ‘z48:J>6‡ROMChƒAB,J>6‡]†DaF0F!F>]0y0“!jD*]p;ZID*‚0‚0j*D0D„‚I

11^'6U4:4@q<BP8SJK†B*QZBa6‡0C!O,‡R?@47K$B ™

4Nc,A0OB,?!…XI XOa6UC04tMB*6

1”W’?NB,BiYhO,:NABa?@BaB,M\5O,M!C‹W’4N?7?@47Mx8'Yii4@x>A!:\$]pŠXB,c,J>MZ8:6<c*:@47Mx hO,4t?_‡jo'47KˆBr4tM‹:@AB{;O>8:9VPOaMhAB*6U`dB*MB„<0:@4Nc,O?O,;!;06UJ>OPc*A‹:J

B*:A0MJ>x>6UOa;0A04NcrC>O,:NO"]pƒAB

‰

J>c,4NJ>?J>x04Nc,O?r<0O,6:B*6U?_‡]DaF0“>G0]pv0Hj



]p;>;5I

0

y0j



G0vI

1 gi4t:NOeC!4c,O"8.OVO*=47:@O,6UBP]p`RO,Mx>4@Oa6UBP],QBP8ˆ:4@6UBLMB,?N?Us…'<06UJ;Oe`mJ>C0B,6M0OiYNŠXOaKK$OB,?N?NO

‰

O,6:[4N]po'O*:B,6OP]D,F0F!F>]y

€

G>;ZI

1

ƒSJ,=B‡ YŠeJ>MOP?NC!\$]ƒ'B,caA0MJ>?NJ>xP‡ O"8z256UB,B,C!J>`EI5ƒAB‹ŒhB* hB,OP?LO,MC :NABn…'?@Bac*:6$4Nc,O?

™

J>C0Ba6$M4O*:4NJPM JKX:ABd~r`dB*6U4Nc,O,M

‘hJ>`dBP]pWXB,6B,?NB‡] J>K'^LOP?}6UB8989]D,F!F>G0]0yD*Gp;ZI

WXk$› i…'Š I]DaF0F

€ ] rK=4Nc*‡c,?NBP89]=OaB,?N47:BP8SO,MCe=!<?=Z8aV:JzO6UCiO

:@AB,J>6‡mJ>K'8UJ>c,4J:[Bac,AM4Nc,Oa?Zc*A0O,Mx0B]0^LO,`‹=6$4NC0x!BzY O\U] kƒXI

(7)

 

f_g8madgicTm+fYltgicŒ‚haw'cTma:j cw'l*zma}ƒ'ad+„ihc„›‚f_eažjpm\zhtfYaij#|Dµ†oa«l*mmplsHcg¥old+f:lg¬“Hc*j



agiadc‚‚_„šmpoa

l*w#ŸaŠTm2leJc‚4cTmac'‚_fŠ9cTm+fYltgyleJs{aTmpoilhj”a9—i'adf_sva:g8mahya‚jXaT“boada9‹“Hf·mpoyleDŠl*z'dVjacg…aŒepea8Š}mŽle

ec8jof_lg|q2m4mplsHcgf\jmjˆo'cƒ'a[ltemag6waag{epl‚_‚_li“badVj"cg'h<mpoa6j+'a9ŠŒf_e+f4Š[lim4mplsHcgHofrjpmltdf_l



dco*„£ltemag

daep‚4a:ŠTmjvf_g:mad+gc}mpf_ltg'c‚DhawcTma8j{cgih¬fsH*z‚\ja*j6“Hf’mpo˜cyhtf_epe+adaŒgiŠ:a¯lec¯epa“Ë„a:cdXj}|[‚’mol*z



o–mpoa

‘8zc‚_f’m„£le‡mpoia”“bltd+¢ Š9cgwta”ƒ'ad+„ of



ocghc‚’mpoiliz



oHmpoa6f_gepltdsHc}m+f_lgvdliƒ'f_ha9hŠcgvw'a<da9ŠŒfYlizj

f’m f\j gl*m c‚·“Hc„"jÃc¬eadmpf_‚4a•wtc8ja¬epldmpoal*da}mpf_Šc‚6hfjŠTzj}jf_lg"j}|¡/zm c‚Bdac9hi„šmpoia¬ecŠTmHmpocTmHmpoia8ja

s{aTmpol'hjŽoic9ƒta£wtaagyc'‚f4ahyoc8jŽwdliz



o:mŽcv‚Ylimˆmpl m\oiav¢gili“b‚_ah



aleJl*mmrltsbcŒg™jl'ŠŒfYaTm+fYaijœ|k¡/zm¸lte

Šl*z'dVjaŽ“Ha6Š9cgÒYm†wta6oc„v“Hf·m+oHmpofrj/ecŠTmX|'µ†oa6cf_sLle‡mpoa6of\jmld+f_cgf\j/c‚\jlvmpl h*f\jŠTzj}jˆmpoa6gc}m\z'da

lenjlŠf4aTmpf4a8j€cgh<mpoaŽgc}m\z'daŽlte"mpoia<aƒ'l'‚’zm+fYltg'j‡mpoa„£a—'adf4agŠa'gl*m‰ltg‚B„6ml{ha8jŠ#dMfBwta*|*Hj‡“HaŽo'cƒ'a

c‚Bdac9hi„˜jaag^f_g¯m\“bl–l'ŠŠc:jf_ltg'j^l*mmrltsbcŒg™hcf‚_„«‚4feajm\zhf_a8jo'c9ƒta w'a9aŒgÁcTmJmpoia oiacdm”lte2ŠdzŠf4c‚

mpoa9ltdaVmpf_Šc‚ˆag8ma#d+dfja*j}|¤ÀavŠl*z"‚Yh¯jzsQf·m^z'™c8j#±ltgmpoa{ltg'avoicgh mpoiave+fBd}jmJzcTmca#drm/'c#dch*f



s{

w'aepldaJoaŽf_g8mpdl'h8zŠahf_gHc<ja9Šltgih6oic8jXa“Hf’mpovjpm\zhtf4a8jnltgHŠ9ltg'jz'*mpf_lg*mpoaŽŠTz‚’m\z'dc‚'cghHf_ghfYƒf4h8zc8‚

hf@s{agjfYlg"j^f_g8mlvof\j€sva}mpol'ht“Hf’mpo6mpoaŽdaepf@g'as{ag8mnlte‡mpoia2Иcdp—'frjpm†da9chtf_g



lte†f_g'h8z‰jmpd+f_c‚4fŒcTm+fYltg{f@g

mpoa 'adfBoiadf4a8j- w*zmcyjlsHa}“HocTmc#dmpf_e+f4ŠŒf4c‚D‘8za8jmeltdŽm\dc9Ša8jHle[f@g'h8z‰jmpdf_c‚ŽŠTz‚’m\z'da!%bcgh«lg¯mpo'a

l8mpoa#d6ocgih–da8jaŒg:mhaTw'c}ma8jHcw'l*z*mDmpoa epc:ŠTmDmpocTm[f·mŽf\jHgl*mJwtaŠcTzjXa „iliz˜c#da gl8mcVm/mpoa oiacdm”lte

f_g'h8zjmpdf_c‚f:c}m+f_lg–dlŠa:jVja:j<mpoc}mŽ„l*z˜cda gl8m[f_gjadmah«f_g8ml«cŠa#drmcf_g¦j+'oadaÃlte[sHl'had+gf’mp„¦cgh

ŠfBdŠTz‚4cTmf_ltg|"~rm¸fjmpoiada‚_c}m+fBƒ'f°cTmpf_lgleˆmpoavf_sH'ltd\mcœmpf4lg 'c#dch*f



s |6jŽf·mDlŠ9ŠTz'dVj2c‚\jlepltdD<e\df_Š:cg

x*m\zh*f_a8j +‚_a}m^zjˆŸzjpmD‘8zl8mavepldŽaTƒtad+„'hc„y‚f4e+a jpm\zhtfYaij2f@g mpofrj[epf4a8‚4h mpoav'c#'adJw„y[g'h*dac8j/½/Š#¢'adm

cgih [h'csœltgia*j*%> c[dag'aT“bc‚‡f\jJgili“§haTƒtaŒ‚Ylt'f_g



|"qJz'd/cf@sÄf\j^ml Š#ltg:m\d+fBw°zma”mplvmpoa6f_gjadmf_ltg£le

mpoa:javga}“¿mpdaghjŽf_g:ml¯cjaTmlte/‘8za:jmf_ltgf_g



j/mpocTm€“Hl*z'‚_hgl*m^w'avf_gÃc jf’m\zc}m+f_lgÃle/fsHf’mcTmpf_lg‡w*zm

cŠTmpfBƒta¬a‚4asvag:mjf_g¥da8jag:m haTwtcTma8jÃcw'l*z*m Š}z'‚’m\z'dc‚Hc#dac8jbsblhadgf’m„Àltdyjl'Šf_c‚6dl'Ša8jXja*jÃlte

ŠoicŒg



a°|µnoia<‚4c*jm



dacTm†of\jpml*d+f_l



dcof4Šc‚†jmc¢'a[ltempof\jJjas{f@g'c#dn“ba”“bcŒg:mahbmrl f_g:mpd+l'h8zŠaJmpl'hcT„{fj

daŠfjXa‚B„¨jzŠok±2mplªzja–mpoa¥jm\zh*„­le aƒ'ad+„thc9„©‚_f4e+ašf_g­l*mmrltsHcg¥mli“gj mpl­lgžmpoiašlga¬oicŒg'h

z'gha#dVjmcgih£wtaTm\mad‡mpoia<ez"giŠTmf_ltgf_g



leˆl8mmrltsHcgHz'dwcg jl'Šf_aTmf_a*j€cŒgihltg6mpoia6l8mpoad€ocghŠlg8mpdfYw°zma

mplvmpoa



da9cœm¸haTw'c}ma6lte€l*z'dmpf_svaHcdliz'gih£mpoiahf\jagŠo'cg:m+sbaŒg:m/le



‚_l*w'c‚‹a9—i‚4cgc}m+fBƒ'aj+„"jpmaŒsjDcgh

mpoaJ'l"jVjfBw'‚4a[Šltg'jmpdzŠ}mpf_ltgblejlsHaTmpof_g



sbltda[cdmpfYŠTz"‚4cTma9h"|8[ghvoiadaŽcg{lim4mplsHcg6'adVj"aŠ}mpfYƒaŽŠ9c8g

w'a[Šag8mpdcŒ‚Ykepld€aT—'csH‚4a<f_g£htf\j+'‚4cŠf_g



mpoa[eplŠTzj€edlts1mpoia<aƒtad+„'hc„£Šltg"ja‘8zagŠa*j€le†Šo'cg



a8j€f@g

mpoa sHcŠdl«ld



cgf4jXcTmpf_lg«le[aŠlglsHf4Š…j+„jmasjŽml…m\oiaŠdf’mf_Šc‚/a—'‚_ldcTmf_lg–l'empoa ‚f_g¢–w'aTm\“baag

mpoa:jaŽŠo'cg



a:j*mpoaJ*zw'‚f4Š<joiada*mpoa<jlŠfYcŒ‚'w'l*z'ghcdf_a8j'f@gihtfBƒf4h8zcŒ‚cghHŠl‚_‚a9ŠTm+fBƒta”f4hag8mf’mf_a8jˆcgh

mpoaŽda‚4cTmpfYltg"jof_mrlbmpoia”da}ƒ'f_lizj/jlŠf_c‚ltdha#d}|qŽe†Šl8z'dVjat“ba<h°ltgÒYm€jmcd\m‰e\dls :a#dlcgh{c”‚_l*m†oic8j

c‚Bdac9hi„Hw'a9aŒgbhltgia*|

[gf@sH'ldmcg:m†sHaTmpoilhl‚_l



fYŠc‚‡cgihve+cŠ}m\zcŒ‚"wtcijf\j€frjˆmpoa”“bld+¢leÓ2c'o'ca‚4c”¾€aT“Hf\j }|*~\m†f\j€c‚rjlmpoa

Šlgjf4hadcw'‚4a cŒsbliz'g:m[leJda8jacdŠo™a—'‚_ldcTmpf_lg"j6f_g«a}ƒ'ad+„'hc„Á‚f_e+a ocƒa c‚Bdach*„–dlh8zŠa9he\dls

cdag–¡2cd+¢'a„«mrl}csHa8j ŽdaocgiJe\dlts ½/‚_f\jXcw'aTmpo–ÍkdMf4adXjlg–mpl ! "#$%"'&(")$'*

+,

-/.102".435*67$'8686$&("'(968;:0'19 <

1

…c*B,6:5Y~eMC>6UB,O>8U\›JPMBP8LY~iC0O,`m\$];=i‘i4[8ˆ:J>6U4@caO,? -6U4:[47M0x‹O=J<!:Z…†QB,6‡!C0O,‡‹o'4[K$B,š>]0›J<6MO,?ZJK~rK$6U4Nc,O,Md^S<?:N<06UO,?

‰

:N<C!4NBP89]pv0‚0‚!v0]5D

€

j*D*]>;ZI

€

j*DGZI

1o'B*z48LY[Š’Oa;AOB,?tO\U]…†QBa6‡0C!O,‡R?@47K$Br4NM r:t:J>`dO,MRƒ<06B‡]pWiIƒ{IPWXOa:$8K$J>6UC‹o:CIŒhB* j[ŽhJ>6†ViI}'I,}Z<!:@M!OP`sN8

‰

J>M8]

D,FpH†Da]>v0‚!G;5I

1^LBaMx!4iYh476$?N\U]

1 W’O6B*‡dYhO,6UBaM\O,M!C|grO,M‹ŠXJ0898B,` YNŠXJ>MO,M\U]ŒhB*:NiJ>68SJK—^’J>M0:B,Mp:4@J>MV>gr4@?N?7OPx!BP8O,MC‹ŠXB,x04NJ>M!OP?

‰

:N<c„:@<06UB{4tM‹:@AB

‰

B9Q3B,M!:B,B,M!:@Aj$^LBaM>:N<06‡ r:N:[J>`mO,M‹…'`R;476UB„]ƒABe~r`dB*6U4Nc,O,MR›9J<6$M!O,?ZJK

‰

J0c,4NJ>?NJ>x>‡]D„‚0vj

€

]DaFH0H]";0;ZID,y

0€

jDay0“pvI

‰

Ow9C!45YhOaM0O\$]?>ˆ~ ŠXJ>J>` J>K‘i48 riMVa:@ABA@‘z48:J>6‡5@,JK:ABXWXO,6=B,6SJK hO`RO"8.c*<8LY[K$?I5DH0G0v!\>U]po'J>MC!JPMZ]pkW ƒOa<064[8]

v0‚!‚“!]

›9O`dBP8 {6UB,A0OaM]…QB,6‡!C0O,‡R?N47K$B

…Tp:B6‡J>x!?7<

‰

B,M4!K$O>8UA!4@J>M

™

OPC!B,?N4tMBXI'4N?7K$4@]!˜ AJ08UB{o'O,h8 rB,MC0B,6U47M0x :@ABr:7:J>`dO,M

‰

<0`R;!:@<0Oa6‡‹ŠeB,x04N`dB]_š r:t:J>`dO,Md^LJ08ˆ:@<`dBP8aV2Z6UJ>`

ƒ'BaT>:4t?NB{:[J‹k$C!B*M0:N47:‡]YBaC8*I

‰

<06O4‡!Or25O,6UJ>q!A04O,MC|^SA!6$48:J;0A RIŒzB„<`dO,M!M\$]…'6UB*MZ]>v!‚0‚



]";0;ZI5Dv

€

jD



DaI

‰

<6$O4_‡0Or25Oa6UJ>q0A04]

‰

<"=*wB,c*:$8LJK:[AB

‰

<?:O,M5V>^S<?_:N<06UBXO,MCzO4t?_‡‹o'4NKBe4NM‹:@AB r:t:J>`dO,M‹…'`R;0476UBP]>v!‚0‚0‚I0Yh8`dO,M!?@4?_:06

(8)



sHl'ha‚rj{a‚4cw'ldcTmah™ltgÁlimpoiadHef4a‚4hj^w*zmf@g«daTm\z'd+g–mpl¦c‚\jl«'cdmpfYŠŒf_'cTmaf_g«da8jXag:mhaTw'cTma:j<“Hf’mo

s{aTmpol'hl‚_l



f_Šc‚'fsH*z‚rjXa:j‡mc¢'agHe\dlsªmpoiaŽq2m4mplsHcgHaT—i'adfagiŠa*|

qŽga6le‡mpoia6svcf_gyjmc¢'a8j/f_giha8a9hlteˆl*z'dJja#dMfYaijˆ“Hf‚4‚wa<gilimnltg‚B„{ml c‚B„{mll8mmplsHcgŠ9cijavjm\zh*f_a*j

daŠ9ag8mHsbaTmpol'hlt‚Yl



f_Šc‚ŽfsH*z‚\ja*j^w*zmŽmpl«zja mpoa8ja–Šc:ja–jm\zhf_a*jvf_g¦ldhad<mrl•w*zf_‚4h¬cdaga}“Hah

^LB,`mOP?hOaK$OPC>Oa69]>˜

‰

Ba?tKO,MC X:NAB,698U]_šrƒAB h4tO,6‡RJpK†O hBa6Q4[8AR47M

‰

B9QB,M!:B,B,M!:@AZjc,B,M>:N<06‡RkU8:O,M>=!<?O,MC 254t698ˆ:j[;B*698.J>M

ŒhO,66UO*:4_QBP8S4tM {:N:[J>`mO,M‹o'4t:B*6O,:N<06UBP]š ‰

:N<C>4NOrkˆ8.?@Oa`|4Nc,O>]ofhkf Y*D*F0“pG0\U];!;ZI3D*FD,jv†Da“!I254706UB:ZŽh4t?N`ROP]>˜*WXJ5B'giOa0:47M04egiOa6

` F{giB9‡0O•D„GZIŽ *‡FN?NC0Oi~rM0OC0J>?7<†s7C>O

O,6Oa;]…1E>?NB,Mc,BLQB

‰ < CP]šeƒSO,64tAhQBrƒ'J;?t<0` ]5D*]!v>‚0‚

€

];!;ZID!D,j



F!IŒhBac,`d4

…'6UC0J6E!O,MZ]>˜hBQ?@B„:[4$C!O,6UBL…:`dB*V

™

C<0M4‡!B*:QB B,M>=OP?F_Z]šeƒSJ;?7<0`QBXWX4N?N4t`•]!“0y>]D*F0F!F0jv0‚>‚0‚];!;ZI"“0jy5DaI_^LB,`dOa?

hOaK$OPC!O,69]>˜

™

!:B6UBaC0C04NC W’476

™

<>:O"88UO*Q>Q5F7KVh8 !;?d~h8U4_‡B{‘zOa:N<Ms_<0M‹Š!"‡!O hBaK:B,6U4'D*G



D,j



y0]šrƒ'J;!Oa; F ‰

O,6O‡;FŽ FN?N?FEFN]

€

YDaF0Fv!\ˆ]";0;ZID„G“!jv!v>v

~iM0M‹WXB,6U`R4tMx>A!OP`d]!˜,kMp:@6UJ>C><c*:4NJ>M†VaƒABz^LJ>MZ8ˆ<0`R;>:4@J>MRJK'^S<?7:N<06UB0Vk`|Ox0B]X=*w9Bc*:$]!ƒ'B,T:$]šrƒABz^LJMZ8<`R;>:4@J>MRJK

^S<?t:N<06UB,]DG0‚!‚j*D,“‚0‚]0YB,CZI\5~rM0M‹WXB,6U`R4tMx>A!OP` OaM0CR›9J>A!MhWL6UB*hB6ˆ]D*F0F

€

]D,jNv!‚ZI

…?N4PO*=B*:@AnWzIa2Z6U4@B*698.J>M]p˜P^SAB,O,;RO,MCr…O>8‡V>ƒABz^S6UB,O„:[4NJ>MRJK'^LJ0MZ8<0`mB,6'^S<0?7:N<06UBX4tM‹o'Oa:[B {:@:J>`dOaM

‰

J>c,4NB*:@‡]_š

^LJ>MZ8<`R;>:4NJ>M

‰

:@<0C!4NBP8SO,M0C :@ABX‘i48:J>6‡RJ>K:AB{:N:[J>`mO,Mi…L`R;04t6UBP]D

€!€

‚j*D,Fpv>v5V~rMdkM>:N6UJ>C><c*:4@J>M]0YB,CZI\hJ>MO,?NC

r<Oa:@OB,6:$]>v0‚!‚0‚0]";0;ZI>v



y!jv!G0‚I>›9JA0MRWXB,6Ux!B*6ˆ]!˜,ƒAB

‰

<047:OaM0Ci:NABL}5AJ:J>x06O,;0AZ]š{Š’B„:[A47M>47Mxi}5J;!<?NO,6'^S<0?7:N<06UB0V

^LJ>M!:B,`R;JP6UO,6‡‹}B,698;B,c*:4_QBP8S4@Md^S<?_:N<06OP?

‰

:N<C>4NBP8]YB,C8*I\ ™

<0B*6w4ZO,MC

‰

caA><C8UJ>MZ]5DaF>F5Da];0;ZI

 v  j yZDI

ŒhO,Mc*‡

™

4Nc*B,?7z6U4Nx>A!:[]!˜*}B,698UJ>M!OP?N]>}3<"=?N4Nc„]pO,MCi}5J>?N47:4Nc,O,?5Y[ŠXB,\ˆ^’J>M8ˆ:@6<c*:4NJ>MZ8*V}ZAJ:[J>x!6$Oa;0AZ8O,MCR^LJ>MZ8<0`R;>:4NJ>M]š

^LJ>MZ8<`R;>:4NJ>M

‰

:@<0C!4NBP8SO,M0C :@ABX‘i48:J>6‡RJ>K:AB{:N:[J>`mO,Mi…L`R;04t6UBP]D

€!€

‚j*D,Fpv>v5V~rMdkM>:N6UJ>C><c*:4@J>M]0YB,CZI\hJ>MO,?NC

r<Oa:@OB,6:$]>v0‚!‚0‚0]";0;ZI>v0G5Dajv“>HI

ŠeJ>?NOM0C‹WXO,6:NABP89]!˜ 6$47:7:[BaMn^S?NJ:A047Mx0]šXŠXB*:A!4tM!47M0x‹}5J;0<?tO,6L^—<?_:N<06UB0V!^LJPM!:B,`R;JP6UOa6‡‹}5B,698;B,c*:4_QBP8S4NMn^<0?t:N<06OP?

‰

:N<C!4NBP89]!YB,C8*I\ ™

<0B,6_w94O,M!C

‰

c*A0<C8.J>M]$DaF0FD*];0;ZI



yvj

0€

I ™

O,C0B,?N47MBXI'4N?7K$4]>˜ AJ08UB{o'Oa 8 rB,MC0B,64tMxi:NAB

r:N:J>`dO,M

‰

<`‹;!:@<0Oa6‡‹ŠeB,x04N`dB]_š r:@:J>`RO,Md^LJ08ˆ:@<`dBP8aV2Z6UJ>` ƒ'B,Tp:4@?NBL:J‹k$C!BM!:N4t:t‡]YB,C8*I

‰

<06OP4_‡!Or25O,6UJ>q!A04O,MC|^SA0648:J;A

dIŒhB*<`RO,M!M\$]…'6UB*MZ]>v!‚0‚



]";0;ZI5Dv

€

jD



DaI

™

OC0B,?N4tMBXI'4N?7K$4@]!˜ AJ08.BXo'Oah8 rB,MC0Ba6$47Mx :@AB X:N:J>`dO,M

‰

<0`R;!:N<0O,6‡

ŠXB,x04N`dB]_šr:t:J>`dOaMn^’J08:N<`dB8,Va2Z6UJ>` ƒSB,T:4@?NBL:J‹k$C!BM!:4_:t‡]YB,C8*I

‰

<06UO,4_‡!Or25O6UJ>q>A4O,M!C|^SA06U48ˆ:[J;0AdIaŒhB*<`dOaM0M0\U]a…'6UB,M]

v0‚!‚



];0;ZIZD*v

€

j*D

 D

›9Oc* '47;BP8]p2O4t6‡RƒSOP?NBP8—O,MCi:NABr~r6:5JK

‰

<>=>QZB,698.4@J>MZ]D,F0“>y!]08.B,?NB,c*:B,CRc,AO*;0:B*698*I

ŠeJ,=3B,6:iO,6$M!:JM]p˜*}5B,O>8UOaM0:$8—ƒ'B,?N?0ƒSOP?NBP8aVƒAB

™

BaO,M4tMxhJK

™

J:[A!B,6 rJ>J08.BP]_šiƒAB X6UBaO*:5^LO,:

™

O"88UOc,6UBXO,MCr:NAB6

…';48UJ>C0B8'JpK526UBMc,Ad^S<0?7:N<06OP?!‘i4[8ˆ:J>6‡]D,F!“

€

];0;ZI>F0jH0vI

™

O,6‡|J<x0?NO>89]>˜a›9JB89]_šrŠXB*:A4tM!047Mx }5J;0<?NO,6'^S<0?7:N<06UB0V>^LJ>M>:B,`R;J>6$Oa6‡‹}5B,698;B,c*:4_QZBP8S4NMd^S<0?7:N<06$O?

‰

:N<0C04NBP89]!YBaC8*I\

™

<0B,6_w94O,MC

‰

c,A!<0C8UJ>MZ]D,F0FZDa];!;ZI"v0FD,jy5D„‚I

ŒhOa:[Oa?@4NB'B,`dJ>MhO*Q4[8]>˜*}6UJ,QB,6=4NOP? 4[8.C0J>` O,M0C‹}5J;!<?7O,6…'6$6UJ>698]š ‰

J>c,4NB*:@‡ROMCR^S<?:N<06UBX4tM‹…'O,6U?_‡

™

J>C0B,6UM‹256O,Mc,BP]

;0;IPv!v0Hjv0G>H3IŒiO,:NOP?N4NB!'B,`mJ>M zO*Q489]!˜*}Z6U4tMp:4tMxhO,M!Ci:NAB{}5B,J;?NBP]_šrŠXB*:A047M!04tMxi}5J;!<?NO,6'^S<?_:N<06UB0V>^LJ>Mp:[Ba`R;J>6O,6‡

}5B,698ˆ;B,c„:[4_QBP8S4NMd^S<?:N<06$O?

‰

:N<C>4NBP89]YB,C8„I\ ™

<0B*6_w4OaMC

‰

c,A!<0C8.J>M]D,F0FD*];!;ZI"G

€

j$FpGI

ŠeJ,=3B,6:iO,6$M!:JM]p˜*‘i4[8ˆ:J>6$‡RJ>KŠXB,OC04NMx0]_š{ŒhB*}5B,698ˆ;B,c*:4_QB>8'J>M‹‘i48:J>6U4Nc,OP? -6$47:4tM!x]!YB,C3I\3}5B*:B,6WL<6B]5D,F!F5D*]p;>;5I

D 

‚j*D*G!HI

ŠeJ,=3B,6:iO,6$M!:JM]p˜ A0Oa:48†:@ABX‘i48:J>6‡RJ>KWeJ!J8„šiƒAB h4898SJKo'OP`dJ<6UB*:N:B0VaŠ’B„K$?B,c*:4NJ>MZ8S4tMd^S<0?7:N<06$O?!‘z48:J>6‡]D,F0Fp‚]

;0;ID„‚0Hj*D,y

€ I

ŠeJ>x!B,6^SA0Oa6:@4NB,6U]0˜„254Nx<06UBP8SJK5:AB|–{:@AB,6*s$Va}5B,O>8UOaM0:ŠXB,OC047Mx‹4tM‹:@ABr~ix0BrJK5:NABL…'M?t4Nx>A!:[B*M!`dB,M>:$]ši^S<?:N<06UO,?‘i4[8ˆ:J>6‡5V

WXB*:iBPBaMR}Z6UOPc*:N4Nc,BP8SO,MC‹Š’B„;06UBP8UB,M!:O*:4NJPMZ8]5D,F!“0“>]";0;5IZD

€

D*jD„H†DaI

ŠeJ>x!B,6^SA0Oa6:@4NB,6U]0˜ hJiWXJ0JZ8

™

OaB{ŠXBQJ>?7<0:4NJ>MZ8*šiƒABe^<?_:N<06O,? r6U4tx!4tMZ8JK:AB{2Z6UB*Mc*ARŠXB9Q3J>?7<0:4NJ>M]D,F>FD,];!;ZIPG!Hj

F5D"IP›J>AOaM0M

‰

:@6Oa<898]>˜ AJiŠXB,OC -AO*:Z4tM‹:@AB X:N:J>`dO,M …`R;0476UBzY*D,F":@A v0‚:NAdc,B*M!:@<064NBP8U\*ši~r6UO=4Nc

™

4@C>C!?NBL…O>8:B*6$M

o'47:B,6$Oa:N<06UBP89]pG]pv0‚>‚y!];!;ZI"y0F!jH!GIŒhB*<0`dO,M!M]0^SA!6$48:J;A dI]p˜ CiƒO,6>jF

™

0:O,?NO,OV,ŽhB*M4C,OE@C0O h4_:Oa;hŽhO`RO,MF7MhQB

r0<`dO,M;FtM h8U`RO,M?F‘zO?N?@B*6U4N]šeƒSO,6$47AiQBeƒSJ;?7<`•]D*]>v!‚0‚

€

]p;>;I

€

D,jH0G3I

ŠeJ,=3B,6:iO,6$M!:JM]p˜,~iMi…LO,6?‡RkM!K$J>6U`dO*:4NJ>M

‰

J>c,4NB*:@‡VŒhBa 8SOM0C :@AB

™

B,C!4tOr4tM‹…'4Nx>A!:[BaBM!:NAj^LB*M>:N<06‡‹}5O64[8]_šr~i`dB*6$4Nc,OaM

‘i4[8ˆ:J>6U4@caOP?ŠXB9Q4NBa ]QJ>?I5D*‚

€

YD*\U]25B9=6<O,6‡Rv0‚!‚0‚];0;ZIZD,jy

€ I

~i6U?NB*:t:B{25O,6x0BP]

‰

<>=>QB,698U4_QB J>6UC8,V}3<"=?N4Ncr;4tM04NJ>MR4tM …4Nx>A>:B,BaM>:@AZj^LB*M!:@<06‡‹26$O,Mc,B]†DaF>F

€

];0;ZIv0vj$ypGu

€>€

jH0HI

‰

AB,4N?tOr2Z47:a;O„:@6U4Nc*]!˜P^LJ>M>QB,698.O*:4@JMZ8SO,M0C‹o'48:B,MB698]šX…QB,6‡!C0O,‡

‰

:[O?t47M4[8` ]5D,F!F0F>]";0;ZI5D*G



jDa“0F!I

^LB,Mx!4 Ft6U?F]p˜P^LJKK$BPBaAJ<Z8UBP8aV}Z<>=?@4Nc r;47M4NJ>MR4tM :@AB{Œh4tMB*:B,B,Mp:@A•^LB*M!:t<06‡ r:N:J>`dO,M‹…L`h;4t6UBP]>4tM‹}Z<"=?N4Ncrkˆ8?NO,` OaMC

:@ABi^LJ>`d`dJM rJ>J>C]YB,C8*I\~r6U`|OaMC!J

‰

Oa?QOa:J>6UBXO,MC hO?NBL2'Ia…'4tc*B,?N`dO,MZ]WX64@?7?Z~ic,OC0B,`R4Nc{}Z<"=?N48AB698]

™

O*‡Rv0‚0‚



]";0;ZI

H € j$FpHZI

r4NJ,QOPM!M40o'BQ4[]!˜iM

™

4Nc*6UJ>A48:J>6‡]_šrŒhB*}5Ba698;Bac*:4QB>8SJ>MR‘i4[8ˆ:J>6U4@caO,? -6U4:[47M0x]0YB,CZI\Z}5B„:[Ba6W<6BP]D*F0FD,];!;ZI"F!y0j*D0D*yI

o'BP8.?@4NB{}5B,4N6Uc,BP]

™

J>6OP?N4_:t‡RƒSOP?NBP8aVo†Oa O,MCrB*MC!B*64tM‹:@AB X:N:J>`dO,Md^LJ<6:5JK~i4tM!:NO=Z]!v0‚>‚yI hO,M0O

‰

Ow9C04]p˜,~ŠXJ0J>` JK

A048 riM†VaƒAB|–‘z48ˆ:[J>6‡sJ>K:ABXWXO,6=B,6SJK hO`RO"8.c*<8LY[K$?ID„H0G0v!\šrƒAB

™

kƒE…L?NB,c*:@6UJ>M4NcX›J<6MOa?ZJK5:NAB

™

4tC!C0?NBL…LO"8:$]0y!]

25O?N?v!‚0‚y>];0;ZI5DaF>j$y

€ I

(9)



aTƒtad+„'hc„y‚f4e+avf_g



ag'adcŒ‚z r“HoicTmDhlyqmmrltsHcg mrli“gjDmacŠo5%Žcgh mpoia jpm\zhi„Ãleˆmpoave\z"giŠTm+fYltgf_g



le

l8mmrltsbcŒg[mpl*“6g'jˆcghvjlŠf4aTmpf4a8j}|

~+gmpoaÃaŒgih^l*z'd6Šlg8mpdf’w*zmf_lg«Šl*z"‚Yh–c‚\jl–w'a ml–epf_g"h™c 'adpm+f_gag:mJ“bc9„yml–'cd\mpf_Šf_'cTma f_g«hawtcTma8j

cTwtlizm€ŠTz'‚·m\z'dc‚‡jm\zh*f4a8jmpoia<da‚_cTmfBƒ'f:cTmf_ltg£lteˆŠ}z"‚’m\z'dcŒ‚4f\jm†ƒ'f\jf_lg"j¸cŒgihmpoa ( ‚_lŠ:cTmpfYltg£leˆŠTz‚’m\z'da8jœÒ‡c*j

¡Do'cw'oc<jc„j0 |

¡/zmˆleˆŠl*z'dVja"f’m€fj¸cŒg£cfs¨epltdˆmpoa<oiltdfN:lgle‡mpof\j^„'ac#dd +cgh jpz'da‚@„£c6‚_lim€sHlda!%cghvgilimnlte‡mpof\j

e+fBd}jpm<ja8jVjfYlg"|"͉ldmpl'hcT„i‡“Ha jpz



a8jm2l*zd[haTwtcTma8j/mpl•j\mcd\m/e\dl's cgyofrjpmltdf_l



dcof4Šc‚†"cgldcs{c

cgihže\dlsScg˜cdaŠf4cTmf_ltg˜le<“Hoc}mHoc*j£cŒ‚¶da:chi„¦waag˜hlga–f_g¥l*mmplsHcg«z'dw'cg¥jm\zhf_a*jf_g•mpo'a

hfBdaŠTmf_lg¥le6mpoašjm\zh*„žle{hcŒf4‚@„›‚f4e+a–mpoas{a8jœ|liz›o'cƒ'ašjz'daŒ‚B„Æc‚BdXach*„›c¬‚_l*mHmpl›chh¬mpl¥liz'd

da8jag8mc}mpf_ltgi/cŒgih•gil¬hl*zw*mŽ„il*zšfYhag8mpf_e+f4ah«c9hhtf’mf_lgic‚Jhf_daŠTmf_lgj6“bahfhg"ÒBmHjmpda8jVjœ|x'l«‚_ac*ja9

hlg"ÒBmyoa8jf·mcTma¬mpl¨Šlg8mpdfYw°zma¬mpl¨ag*df_Šo­mpoa¥da8jag:m™cTmma#s6*m mrĺ*dltilkjaªcžwtc8jf\j«epld«ezm\z'da

hfjXŠTzjVjfYlg"jˆcdl*z'ghHŠlgŠ#daTmaJŠ9c8ja<jpm\zh*f_a*j}|

1W’AO*=0AO I_I

‘iOP66‡R‘iOP6UJ>J:N<M04NO,M]!˜

‰

AO,C!Jz4NMx‹‘z48:J>6‡VŒhOa:[4NJMO,?ŒiO,6$6UO„:[4_QBP8SO,MC :@ABX}B698.48:B*McaBeJK:AB’…†QB,6‡!C0O,‡]_šh^S<?_:N<06UO,?

‰

:N<C!4NBP89]D,“hYv0‚!‚



\$];!;5IDa“ZD,jv0‚!‚I

^L?N47KKUJ>6UC rBaB,6:P]p˜,ƒA4Nc* hBP8Uc,647;0:N4@J>MVƒ'JiOP6UC‹O,MRkM!:[B*6;06UB*:4_QBXƒAB,J>6‡mJK—^S<?7:@<06UB]_šrƒAB{kM!:[B*6;06UB*:NO,:N4NJ>M|JK'^S<?t:N<06UBP8]

D,FpHy!];0;ZI>y0jy>‚I

ŠeJ>x!B,6^SA0Oa6:@4NB,6U]0˜*ƒSB,T>:$]

‰

‡0`h=3J>?89]!O,MCi256UB*Mc*A0MBP889]_šr›9J<6$M!OP?JK

™

J>C0Ba6$MR‘i48:J>6‡]

€

H|Y*D,F!“

€

\];0;IPG“vjGF

€ I

ŠeJ,=3B,6:iO,6$M!:JM]p˜,ƒAB

‰

‡0`h=3J>?N4@c{…?NB,`mBM!:Z4tM‹‘i48:J>6‡]ši›9J<6$M!O,?ZJK

™

J>C!B,6UM‹‘z48ˆ:[J>6‡]

€

“RY*D,F0“G!\ˆ]";0;ZI>v5D,“!jvy

 I

hJ>`d4NM04Nc{o'O"^SOa;06UOP]>˜^LA0O,6:4NB69] hO,6M>:J>M]pO,MCi:@AB {6UB,Oa:

‰

‡0`R=J>?

™

O>898.OPc*6UBP]še›J<6M0O?JK

™

J>C0Ba6UMR‘z48ˆ:[J>6‡]!G0‚RYDaF0“0“\U]

;0;I"F

€

j*D0D*vI

^L?N47KKUJ>6UC rBaB,6:P]p˜,ƒA4Nc* hBP8Uc,647;0:N4@J>MVƒ'JiOP6UC‹O,MRkM!:[B*6;06UB*:4_QBXƒAB,J>6‡mJK—^S<?7:@<06UB]_šrƒAB{kM!:[B*6;06UB*:NO,:N4NJ>M|JK'^S<?t:N<06UBP8]

D,FpHy!];0;ZI>y0jy>‚I

ŠeJ,=3B,6:iO,6$M!:JM]p˜ J>6B,698†Š’B*QJ>?7:9V>ƒAB {6UB,O*:5^LOa:

™

O>898UOc,6UBrJ,KŠL<B

‰

O4@Mp:$j

‰

bQB,6U4NM]šrƒAB {6UB,O,:5^SOa:

™

O>898.OPc*6UBXO,MC

r:@AB,6…S;048UJ>C0B8'JpK526UB,McAd^S<?_:N<06OP?!‘i4[8ˆ:J>6‡]D,F!“

€

];0;ZI>H

€

jD„‚

 I

ŠeJ>x!B,6^SA0Oa6:@4NB,6U]0˜*ƒSB,T>:$]

‰

‡0`h=3J>?89]!O,MCi256UB*Mc*A0MBP889]_šr›9J<6$M!OP?JK

™

J>C0Ba6$MR‘i48:J>6‡]

€

H|Y*D,F!“

€

\];0;IPG“vjGF

€ I

ŠeJ,=3B,6:iO,6$M!:JM]p˜,ƒAB

‰

‡0`h=3J>?N4@c{…?NB,`mBM!:Z4tM‹‘i48:J>6‡]ši›9J<6$M!O,?ZJK

™

J>C!B,6UM‹‘z48ˆ:[J>6‡]

€

“RY*D,F0“G!\ˆ]";0;ZI>v5D,“!jvy

 I

hJ>`d4NM04Nc{o'O"^SOa;06UOP]>˜^LA0O,6:4NB69] hO,6M>:J>M]pO,MCi:@AB {6UB,Oa:

‰

‡0`R=J>?

™

O>898.OPc*6UBP]še›J<6M0O?JK

™

J>C0Ba6UMR‘z48ˆ:[J>6‡]!G0‚RYDaF0“0“\U]

;0;I"F

€

j*D0D*vI

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to