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Multiple genetic and ecological outcomes following contacts between invading and indigenous populations of Bemisia tabaci

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Genomics of Insect Pests

to Agriculture

Program

May 24-25, 2010

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Faculty Club

The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture,

Food and Environment

Sponsored by the French Embassy in Israel

and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

(2)

Multiple genetic and ecological outcomes following contacts between

invading and indigenous populations of Bemisia tabaci

Michel Peterschmitt

CIRAD, UMR BGPI, TA A54/K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

michel.peterschmitt@cirad.fr

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a pest of vegetable, ornamental and field crops. It is also the vector of several economically important plant viruses as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. The comparison of cytochrome oxydase 1 sequences of a global collection of B. tabaci has revealed 12 well resolved genetic groups with a strong geographic structure. Based on the considerable genetic diversity together with distinct biological parameters and particularly varying abilities to interbreed, it was proposed that B. tabaci represent a cryptic species complex. Due to human activities, a genetic group, believed to be originating from the sahel-like regions of Middle Eastern Mediterranean/ North Africa/ Asia Minor, was very largely dispersed outside its geographic origin. This group, mainly consisting of individuals inducing physiological disorders on infested plants, is commonly referred to as the biotype B. As B.

tabaci is a worldwide pest, the dispersed biotype B was often introduced into agroecosystems

containing indigenous populations of B. tabaci. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic and ecological outcomes of such contacts between the invading biotype B and indigenous populations in different regions of the world. In the Caribbean islands we have observed the almost complete displacement of the indigenous populations. In Reunion Island, we have detected the introgression of genetic material from the indigenous populations into biotype B. In Morocco, we have observed the coexistence of the indigenous populations and biotype B without any clear evidence of gene flow.

Delatte, H., P. David, M. Granier, J. M. Lett, R. Goldbach, M. Peterschmitt, and B. Reynaud. 2006. Microsatellites reveal extensive geographical, ecological and genetic contacts between invasive and indigenous whitefly biotypes in an insular environment. Genetical Research 87 (2):109-124.

Tahiri, A., A. Sekkat, A. Bennani, M. Granier, G. Delvare, and M. Peterschmitt. 2006. Distribution of tomato-infecting begomoviruses and Bemisia tabaci biotypes in Morocco. Annals of Applied Biology 149 (2):175-186. Delatte, H., Lett, J. M., Lefeuvre, P., Reynaud, B., Peterschmitt, M. (2007). An insular environment before and after TYLCV introduction. In Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease : Management, molecular biology, breeding for resistance, pp. 13-23. Edited by H. Czosnek. Dordrecht: Springer [Pays-Bas].

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