Towards experimentation at a Future Linear Collider

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https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466550

Submitted on 24 Mar 2010

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Towards experimentation at a Future Linear Collider

R. Pöschl

To cite this version:

R. Pöschl. Towards experimentation at a Future Linear Collider. High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. �tel-00466550�

30%/√E

∼

•

W

L

L = i ¯ψ(x)γµ∂µψ(x) − m ¯ψ(x)ψ(x) γµ ψ(x) → ψ(x)eiα ψ(x) → ψ(x)eiα(x) Dµ= ∂µ− ieAµ Aµ Aµ Aµ= eAµ+ 1 e∂µα(x) L = i ¯ψ(x)γµDµψ(x)−m ¯ψ(x)ψ(x) = ¯ψ(x)(iγµ∂µ−m)ψ(x)+e ¯ψ(x)γµAµψ(x). Aµ U (1) e ¯ψγµAµψ. e α e2/4π ε0 L = ¯ψ(x)(γµ∂µ− m)ψ(x) + e ¯ψ(x)γµAµψ(x) − 1 4F µν_F µν. µ τ

µ− _{→ e}−_{+ ¯ν} e+ νµ ν¯e νµ GF GF = 1.16637(1) × 10−5GeV−2 e ν µ τ χL = (ν, e)L T T = 1/2 T3 g[¯uνγµ 1₂(cV − cAγ5)ue](W+)µ g[¯ueγµ 1₂(cV − cAγ5)uν](W−)µ ! = g ¯χγµτ∓χ(W±)µ cV = cA= 1. V − A V A (1 − γ5) W± µ g τ∓₌ 1 2(τ1∓ τ2) 12τ1,2 1 2τ3 2 × 2 SU (2) SU (2) n n SU (2) ¯ νµe− → ¯νµe− g ¯χγµτ3χ(W3)µ T = 1

T3 SU(2)_L cV, cA'= 1 Y Bµ g′ SU (2)L U (1)Y SU (2)L× U(1)Y Y T3 Q Q = T3+ Y /2. SU (2)L× U(1)Y Z sin θW Aµ= Bµcos θW + Wµ3sin θW Zµ= −Bµsin θW + Wµ3cos θW. e e = g sin θW = g′cos θW W± _Z SU (3) αs

• SU (2)L× U(1)Y CP CP • W± _Z Q •

T T3 Q   νe e   L   νµ µ   L   ντ τ   L 1/2 +1/2 −1/2 0 −1 νeR νµR ντ R 0 eR µR τR −1   u d   L   c s   L   t b   L 1/2 +1/2 −1/2 +2/3 −1/3 uR cR tR +2/3 dR sR bR −1/3 T T3 Q < 20 M eV |(i|S|f)|2 _{i f} S S α S S e+e− e+e− _Z s t u

γ∗ e− e+ f ¯ f Z∗ e− e+ f ¯ f s e+e−_{→ f ¯f e}+_e− t u e− e+ ¯ f f ¯ f f e− e+ f ¯ f • α αs αs •

Z e+e− √ s ≈ 60 GeV _√ s = 35 GeV µ τ Z Z W Z W Z MW MZ mW= 81+5₋₃GeV mW = 80+10₋₆ mZ= 95.2 ± 2.5 GeV mZ= 91.9 ± 1.3 ± 1.4 W GF = e 2√₂ 8m2_Wsin2θW . W sin θW ≈ 0.25

θ W Z mW mZ = cos θW. Z 90 ! mZ ! 100 GeV Z

Z W • Z WW • Z e+_e− Z Z Z mZ= 91.1874 ± 0.0021 GeV.

Measurement

Fit

|O

meas

−

_O

fit

_|/σ

meas

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

∆α

had

(m

Z

)

∆α

(5)

_{0.02758 ± 0.00035 0.02768}

m

_Z

[GeV]

m

_Z

[GeV]

91.1875 ± 0.0021

91.1874

Γ

Z

[GeV]

Γ

Z

[GeV]

2.4952 ± 0.0023

2.4959

σ

had

[nb]

σ

0

_{41.540 ± 0.037}

_41.478

R

_l

R

_l

20.767 ± 0.025

20.742

A

_fb

A

0,l

0.01714 ± 0.00095 0.01645

A

_l

(P

τ

)

A

_l

(P

τ

)

0.1465 ± 0.0032

0.1481

R

_b

R

_b

0.21629 ± 0.00066 0.21579

R

_c

R

_c

0.1721 ± 0.0030

0.1723

A

_fb

A

0,b

0.0992 ± 0.0016

0.1038

A

_fb

A

0,c

0.0707 ± 0.0035

0.0742

A

_b

A

_b

0.923 ± 0.020

0.935

A

_c

A

_c

0.670 ± 0.027

0.668

A

_l

(SLD)

A

_l

(SLD)

0.1513 ± 0.0021

0.1481

sin

2

θ

eff

sin

2

θ

lept

_(Q

fb

) 0.2324 ± 0.0012

0.2314

m

_W

[GeV]

m

_W

[GeV]

80.399 ± 0.023

80.379

Γ

W

[GeV]

Γ

W

[GeV]

2.098 ± 0.048

2.092

m

_t

[GeV]

m

_t

[GeV]

173.1 ± 1.3

173.2

August 2009 χ2

Z ΓZ = 2.4952±0.0023 Z Z Nν = 2.9840 ± 0.0082 10 102 103 104 105 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Centre-of-mass energy (GeV)

Cross-section (pb) CESR DORIS PEP PETRA TRISTAN KEKB PEP-II

SLC

LEP I

LEP II

Z

W

+

W

-e

+

e

−

→

hadrons

e+_e− AF B = NF _{− N}B NF _{+ N}B NF/B _F B ALR= N L_{− N}R NL_{+ N}B 1 (|Pe|)

L R

Pe

sin2θlept._eff. eff.

AF B

c b

b

sin2θ_eff.lept.

sin2θlept._{eff. = 0.23221 ± 0.00029.}

ALR

sin2θ_eff.lept.

Z

ALR = Al= 0.1513 ± 0.0021

sin2θlept._eff.

sin2θlept._{eff. = 0.23098 ± 0.00026}

sin2_θlept.

eff.

AF B

sin2θlept._eff.

AF B,LR sin2θ_eff.lept.

W WW e+_e− _{→ W}+_W− _WW W W mW = 80.376 ± 0.033 GeV. ΓW = 2.196 ± 0.083 GeV.

x u d Q2 y q V∗ P e q′ ℓ′ e q P V∗ _{V = Z, W, γ ℓ}′ _{ℓ = e, ν} q′ Q2 Q2 _{≈ 0} Q2 _{≈ 10}4GeV • •

Q2 W± _Z Q2 _{≈ 10}4_{GeV Z} W± Q2 uud 3 10 10 -7 -5 -3 -1 10 ] 2 [pb/GeV 2 /dQ σ d -7 10 -5 10 -3 10 -1 10 10 ] 2 [GeV 2 Q 3 10 104 p CC (prel.) + H1 e p CC (prel.) -H1 e p CC 06-07 (prel.) + ZEUS e p CC 04-06 -ZEUS e p CC (HERAPDF 1.0) + SM e p CC (HERAPDF 1.0) -SM e p NC (prel.) + H1 e p NC (prel.) -H1 e p NC 06-07 (prel.) + ZEUS e p NC 05-06 -ZEUS e p NC (HERAPDF 1.0) + SM e p NC (HERAPDF 1.0) -SM e y < 0.9 = 0 e P HERA Q2 dσ/dQ2

e P -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 [pb] CC σ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 H1 Preliminary 2 > 400 GeV 2 Q y < 0.9 X ν → p + e X ν → p -e HERAPDF 1.0 H1 HERA I H1 HERA II (prel.) H1 HERA I H1 HERA II (prel.) e P -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 [pb] CC σ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 e+p Pe W −1, (+1) +1, (−1)

Q2 x ˜ Fi(x, Q2) σ_r,NC± = d 2_σe± p NC dxdQ2 · Q4x 2πα2_{(y + 1)}= ˜F2∓ y − 1 y + 1xF˜3− y2 y + 1F˜L. Q2 x x ≈ 1 xg x αs αs αs(mZ) 150 < Q2 < 15000 αs(mZ) = 0.1168 ± 0.0007(exp.)+0.0046−0.0030(th.) ± 0.0016

H1 and ZEUS

x = 0.00005, i=21 x = 0.00008, i=20 x = 0.00013, i=19 x = 0.00020, i=18 x = 0.00032, i=17 x = 0.0005, i=16 x = 0.0008, i=15 x = 0.0013, i=14 x = 0.0020, i=13 x = 0.0032, i=12 x = 0.005, i=11 x = 0.008, i=10 x = 0.013, i=9 x = 0.02, i=8 x = 0.032, i=7 x = 0.05, i=6 x = 0.08, i=5 x = 0.13, i=4 x = 0.18, i=3 x = 0.25, i=2 x = 0.40, i=1 x = 0.65, i=0

Q

2

/ GeV

2

σ

r,NC

(x,Q

2

) x 2

i + HERA I NC e+p Fixed Target HERAPDF1.0 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105 106 107 1 10 102 103 104 105 e+_p Q2 Q2 αs(mZ) = 0.1176 ± 0.0020 αs(mZ) = 0.1184 ± 0.0007

0 5 10 15 20 -4 10 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 0 5 10 15 20 )=0.1176) Z (M s α HERAPDF1.0 ( total uncertainty )=0.1156 Z (M s α )=0.1196 Z (M s α

x

xg

₂ = 10 GeV 2 Q H1 and ZEUS xg 0 5 10 15 20 xg αS αs

from Jet Cross Sections in DIS

s

α

[GeV]

r

10

10

2 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

[GeV]

r

µ

10

10

2

α

s

0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

H1

2 < 100 GeV 2 H1 data for 5 < Q 2 > 150 GeV 2 H1 data for Q PDF uncertainty ⊕ Theory 2 > 150 GeV 2 fit from Q s α αs µr

W

c 1 2 & N (Q2_ν + Q2_ℓ + Nc(Q2u+ Q2d)) = 0 Qi NC u 1.5...3.3 MeV t p¯p

W t¯t t 10−26_{s t W} b b W W mt = 173.7 ±1.8 mt= 173.1 ± 1.3 GeV (GeV) top M 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 max )/L top L(M 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.3 GeV ± = 174.8 top M lepton+jets 2D with prior calibrated -1

DØ Run IIb Preliminary, L=2.6 fb

t W W → ℓ±_{+ ν} ℓ mW/2 W

(GeV) T m 50 60 70 80 90 100

χ

-20 250 60 70 80 90 100 Events/0.5 GeV 2500 5000 7500 10000 _Data FAST MC Background -1 (a) D0, 1 fb /dof = 48/49 2 χ W χ2 W mW= 80.399 ± 0.023 GeV ΓW= 2.098 ± 0.048 GeV W

• • • • gµν GN ≈ 10−38GeV−2 ΛP ≈ 1019GeV •

φ(x)

φ(x) = _√1

2[φ1(x) + iφ2(x)]

U (1)

φ(x) → φ′(x) = φ(x)eiα(x), φ⋆_{(x) → φ}′⋆(x) = φ⋆(x)e−iα(x).

∂µ Dµ= ∂µ− ieAµ L = [∂µ+ ieAµ]φ⋆(x)[∂µ− ieAµ]φ(x) − µ2|φ(x)|2− λ|φ(x)|4−1 4F µν_F µν, FµνFµν V(φ) = µ2|φ(x)|2+ λ|φ(x)|4 λ > 0 µ2 µ2 >0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1 φ 2 φ ) φ V( >0 2 µ -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 1 φ 2 φ ) φ V( <0 2 µ v V(φ) = µ2_|φ(x)|2 _{+ λ|φ(x)|}4 _{λ > 0} µ2 µ2 <0 V(φ) = v V(φ) = 0 <_{0|φ(x)|0 >}

µ2 _{< 0} V(φ) = 0 V(φ) = φ0=' −µ 2 2λ (1/2 eiγ(x)= veiγ(x). V(φ) = 0 < 0|φ(x)|0 >= v φ(x) = _√1 2[v + σ(x) + iη(x)] L =) 1 2(∂µσ) 2₋1 2(2λv 2_σ2₎ * +) 1 2(∂µη) 2 * −1₄FµνFµν+ 1 2e 2_v2_A µAµ + ev(∂µη)Aµ + +

e[σ(∂µη) − η(∂µσ)]Aµ+ ve2σAµAµ+

e2 2(σ 2_{+ η}2_)(A µAµ) − vλ(σ3+ ση2_{) −}1 4λ(σ 4_{+ 2σ}2_η2_{+ η}4₎ ! +' v 2√_λ 2 ( • σ(x) √2λv η(x)

η(x) • Aµ mA= ev. σ(x) • • η Aµ •

2 (complex scalar field)

+2 (transverse polarisation of the massless photon) =4.

1 (σ field) 1 (η field)

+3 (massive vector field) =5. eiηv (v + σ(x))eiη(x)v ≈ (v + σ(x))(1 + iη(x) v ) = v + σ(x) + iη(x) , -. / φ(x) +iσ(x)η(x) v , -. / ≈0

η(x)

v+σ(x)

φ(x) = _√1

2(v + σ(x))e

iη(x)/v _{and thus}

Aµ→ Aµ+ 1 ev∂µη, L =) 1₂(∂µσ)2− 1 2(2λv 2_σ2₎ * −1₄FµνFµν+ 1 2e 2_v2_A µAµ + + ve2σ(AµAµ) + 1 2e 2_σ2_(A µAµ) − λvσ3− 1 4λσ 4 ! +' v 2√_λ 2 ( U(1) Aµ • µ2 < 0 • σ(x)

• U(1) σAA σσAA σ gσAA= e2v= m2_A v gσσAA = e 2₌ m2A v2 . σ(x) λv 1 4λ SU (2)L× U(1)Y SU (2)L Y = 1 Φ = ' φ+ φ0 ( φ+= (φ1+ iφ2)/√2 φ0 = (φ3+ iφ4)/ √ 2 φ0 = 1 √ 2 ' 0 v ( σ(x) ηi(x) Φ = √1 2 ' 0 v + σ(x) ( eηηηtv

ti = 1₂τi SU(2)L T φ0→ φ′0 = φ0eiαQ = 1 √ 2 ' 0 v ( eiατ3−Y ·12 φ₀ ≈ ' 1 + iα'1 0 0 0 (( φ0= φ0. SU (2)L × U(1)Y U (1)Q SU (2)L× U(1)Y W± Z σ(x) H mγ = 0, mW± = gv 2 , mZ= v0g2_{+ g}′2 2 . gHV V = e2v = m2_V v gHHV V = e 2₌ m2V v2 V = W, Z. Lmass,f = λe ) (¯νe,¯e)L ' φ+ φ0 ( eR+ ¯eR(φ+, φ0) ' νe e (* , λe Lmass,f = −me(¯eLeR+ ¯eReL) − me v (¯eLeR+ ¯eReL)h,

me= λev √ 2. Φ1= ' φ+₁ φ0₁ ( Φ2 = ' φ+₂ φ0₂ ( φ0,1= 1 √ 2 ' 0 v1 ( , φ0,2 = 1 √ 2 ' 0 v2 ( . tan β = v1 v2 . W± _Z • A0 • H± • h0 H0

m2_A0 = m2₁₂ sin β cos β− 1 2(v1+ v2) 2_(2λ 5+ λ6tan−1β+ λ7) m2_H± = m2_A0+ 1 2(v1+ v2) 2_(λ 5− λ4), m12 λ_i M2= m2_A0 + 1 s2_{β −s}βcβ −sβcβ c2_β 2 + (v1+ v2)2 1 λ1c2_β+ 2λ6sβcβ+ λ5s2_β (λ3+ λ4)sβcβ+ λ6c2_β+ λ7s2_β −(λ3+ λ4)sβcβ+ λ6c2_β+ λ7s_β2 λ2s2_β+ 2λ7sβcβ+ λ5c2_β 2 sβ = sin β cβ = cos β m2_h0_,H0 = 1 2 ' M211+ M222± 3 (M2 11− M222)2+ 4(M212)2 ( α sin 2α = 2M 2 12 0 (M211− M222)2+ 4(M212)2 cos 2α = M 2 11− M212 0 (M2 11− M222)2+ 4(M212)2 • α • tan β • m_A0 m_h0 m_H0 m_H± mW = g 0 v2 1 + v22 2 , mZ= 0 (v2 1 + v22)(g2+ g′2) 2 , Mγ= 0

α β

W± _{sin(β − α) cos(β − α)}

Z _{sin(β − α) cos(β − α)}

cos α/sinβ sin α/ sin β cot β sin α/cosβ cos α/ cos β tan β sin α/ cos β cos α/ cos β tan β

α β Λ ΛP ΛGU T ∼ 1014− 1016GeV m0_H = √2λv Λ

m2_H= (m0_H)2+ 3Λ 2 8π2_v2[m 2 H+ 2m2W+ m2Z− 4m2t] ΛGU T ΛP Λ

|B > |fα> Q_α|fα >_{= |B > Qα|B >= |fα} > ΛGU T ≈ 1016GeV • • R_{= (−1)}3(B−L)+s

m2_A0 = m2₁₂(tan β + cot β) m2_H± = m2_A0 + m2_W. m2_h0_,H0 = 1 2 ' m2_A0 + m2_Z± 3 (m2 A0+ m2_Z)2+ (2mZmA0cos 2β)2 ( , cos 2α = − cos 2βm 2 A0 − m2_Z m2_H0 − m2_h0 sin 2α = − sin 2βm 2 H0 + m2_h0 m2 H0 − m2_h0 mA tan β m_h0 ≤ m_Z|cos2β| ≤ m_Z Z∗ e− e+ H Z H Z Z

e+_e− _m H ≈ √s Z σHZ(e+e−→ ZH) = G2_Fm4_Z 96πs (g 2 V ee+ gAe2 )λ 1/2 2b λ2b+ 12m2Z/s (1 − m2 Z/s)2 . √_{s g} V e gAe Z λ_{2b = (1 − m}2_{H/s − m}2_Z/s)2_{− 4m}2_Hm2_Z/s2 √ s ≈ mZ+√2mH 1/s Z ZH

(GeV)

s

200 250 300 350 400 450 500

(fb)

σ

0 50 100 150 200 250 MH=120 GeV =150 GeV H M =180 GeV H M

(GeV)

H

M

100 120 140 160 180 200

(fb)

σ

0 100 200 300 400 =230 GeV s =250 GeV s =350 GeV s =500 GeV s σ √ s mH WW ZZ σ_{∼ m}−2_V log(s/mH) V = W, Z mH/√s ≪ 1 ZZ 100 !

mH ! 1000 GeV WW √_{s >500 GeV} WW ZZ Z JP = 0+ dσHZ(e+e−→ ZH) d cos θ ∼ λ 2 2bsin2θ+ 8m2Z/s , θ e+e− s_{≫ m}2_Z Z ∼ sin2θ θ JP = 0− _Z (1 + cos2θ) mH mH mH≈ 100 GeV

θ

cos

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

norm. a.u.

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

=230 GeV s =250 GeV s =350 GeV s =500 GeV s =120 GeV H M e+e−_{→ HZ cosθ} mH = 120 GeV sin2_{θ Z} √_s ≫ mZ Γ(H → f ¯f) = g 2 Hf f 4π N_C 2 MH ' 1 −4m 2 f M_H2 (3/2 , N_C N_C = 1 N_C = 3 H _→ V V V = W Z Γ(H → V V ) = GFm 3 H 16√2πδV √ 1 − 4x (1 − 4x + 12x2) , x = M 2 V M_H2 δ_W = 2 δ_Z = 1 m_H

W Z e+e− _{→ Z}∗_{→ hZ(HZ)} e+e−_{→ Z}∗ _{→ hA(HA)} σhZ= sin2(β − α)σ_HZSM σ_HZ= cos2_{(β − α)σHZ}SM σhA= cos2(β − α)¯λσSMHZ σHA= sin2(β − α)¯λσSM_HZ ¯ λ

dσ d cos θ ∼ + λ2_2bsin2θ+ 8m2_Z/s e+e−_{→ Z}∗_{→ hZ(HZ) ,} sin2θ e+_e− _{→ Z}∗_{→ hA(HA).} WLWL √ s → ∞ Λ W √ s → ∞ W mH≤ 1.2 TeV Z

mH≤ 1 TeV λ λφ4 λ µ2_r λ(µ2_r) = λ(v 2₎ 1 −3λ(v8π22)log µ2 r v2 , λ(v2) = m2_H/2v2 m2_H= v 2 1 2λ(µ2 r)+ 3 8π2log( µ2 r v2) . λ_{(Λ) < ∞} m2_H≤ v 2 3 8π2log(Λ 2 v2) . Λ Λ mt = 175 GeV

λ λ Λ = 1019GeV 130 ≤ mH≤ 190 αs W W GF mW mt

80.3

80.4

80.5

150

175

200

m

_H

[GeV]

114

300

1000

m

_t

[GeV]

m

W

[GeV

]

68% CL

∆α

LEP1 and SLD

LEP2 and Tevatron (prel.)

August 2009 mt mW GF mH= 87+35−26GeV mh >114.4 GeV 150 ! mH!180 GeV H → WW mH x · σSM σSM 163 < mH< 166 GeV

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

m

_Hrec

_(GeV/c

2

₎

Events / 3 GeV/c

2

LEP

√s– = 200-209 GeV

Tight

Data Background Signal (115 GeV/c2) Data 18 Backgd 14 Signal 2.9 all > 109 GeV/c2 4 1.2 2.2 mrec_H e+_e− 1 10 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 1 10 m_H(GeV/c2) 95% CL Limit/SM

Tevatron Run II Preliminary, L=2.0-5.4 fb

Expected Observed

±1σ Expected ±2σ Expected

LEP Exclusion Tevatron

Exclusion

SM=1

November 6, 2009

e+e−

e+_e−

m E ∆E Turn ∼ γ4 r γ = E m.

r 16 · 26.7 = 427.2 km L L ∼ ηP√w s × ' δE εy,N (1/2 × HD η Pw δE HD HD ≈ 2 ε_y,N • • 2×1034cm−2s−1 500 fb−1 •

• 1010

•

•

•

• •

1031_cm2_s−₁ ∆T ∞ ∞ e− e+ W Z

Ejet σEjet/Ejet ≈ 4% • b c • • • π z • z σrφ= σrz = 5 ⊕ 10/(psin 3 2θ) µm • cos θ • z

δ(1/PT) ∼ 2 × 10−5GeV−1 PT P • X0 λI ∆E E = 15%/ 0 E [GeV] • λI 1×1 cm2 3 × 3 cm2 •

• B R σEjet/Ejet • rms90 σEjet Ejet = 21 pE/GeV ⊕0.7 ⊕ 0.004E ⊕ 2.1 „ R 1825 mm «−1.0„ B 3.5 T «−0.3„ E 100 GeV «0.3 %. R •

B Field/Tesla 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 [%] jet /E 90 rms 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 = 1825 mm ECAL r a) 45 GeV Jets 100 GeV Jets 180 GeV Jets 250 GeV Jets

ECAL Inner Radius/mm 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 [%] jet /E 90 rms 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 B = 3.5 Tesla b) 45 GeV Jets 100 GeV Jets 180 GeV Jets 250 GeV Jets rms90 rms90

ECAL Cell Size/cm

0 1 2 3 [%] jet /E 90 rms 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 a) 45 GeV Jets 100 GeV Jets 180 GeV Jets 250 GeV Jets

HCAL Cell Size/cm

0 2 4 6 8 10 [%] jet /E 90 rms 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 b) 45 GeV Jets 100 GeV Jets 180 GeV Jets 250 GeV Jets rms90 rms90 e+e−

• •

X0 = 3.5 mm RM= 9 mm

cm2

cm2

X0 X0

• 135o_C 0o ₁₀o ₂₀o ₃₀o ₄₅o 45o 45o • inch2 525 µm 5MΩ · m

3000 m2 pn • 6 × 6 • 3 × 2 3 × 1

(GeV) beam E 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 (MIPs) mean E 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 / ndf 2 χ 17.64 / 32 Prob 0.9812 p0 −96.25 ± 11.13 p1 266.5 ± 0.4802 / ndf 2 χ 17.64 / 32 Prob 0.9812 α 96.25 ± 11.13 β 266.5 ± 0.4802 CALICE 2006 data (GeV) beam E 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 (%) meas )/E beam −E meas (E −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 CALICE 2006 data Monte Carlo (GeV) beam E 1/ 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 ( % ) meas ) / E meas (E σ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 _χ2 / ndf _{1.835 / 6} p0 p1 ± / ndf CALICE 2006 data 2 Monte Carlo χ 30.69 / 32 s 16.53 ± 0.14 c 1.07 ± 0.07

σ(Emeas)/Emeas 1/√Ebeam

s/√_{E ⊕ c} ± σ(Emeas) Emeas = 1 16.53 ± 0.14(stat) ± 0.4(syst) 0

E(GeV) ⊕ (1.07 ± 0.07(stat) ± 0.1(syst)) 2

ˆ x yˆ zˆ

φ θ

φ= atan(ˆy/ˆz), θ = atan(ˆx/ˆz).

(106 ± 2)/√E ⊕ (4 ± 1) mrad

(100 ± 2)/√E ⊕ (14 ± 1) mrad .

φ

x θ y

Pad ID

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Residual Pedestal (ADC) _-3

-2 -1 0 1 2 3

Residual Pedestal (ADC)

-2 -1 0 1 2 Entries/(0.05 ADC) 0 200 400 600 y −0.058 ± 0.003 0.281 ± 0.002 Pad ID 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Noise (ADC) 4 5 6 7 8 Noise (ADC) 5 6 7 8 Entries/(0.1 ADC) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 y 5.930 ± 0.003 0.330 ± 0.002 −0.058 ± 0.003 ADC Counts 0.281 ± 0.002 ADC Counts 5.930 ± 0.003 ADCCounts 0.330 ± 0.002 ADC Counts 47.61 ± 0.02 ADC Counts 0.77%

Hit Energy (50 ADC counts)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Entries/(2.5 ADC counts)

0 20 40 60 80 100 46.57 ± 0.04 7.26 ± 0.73 5.930 ± 0.003 ADC Counts Pad ID 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Landau MPV (ADC) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Landau MPV (ADC) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Entries/(0.3 ADC) 0 100 200 300 400 500 y _47.61±0.02 2.06 ± 0.01 108

(ADC) FNAL MPV 40 45 50 55 (ADC) CERN Aug06 MPV 40 45 50 55 0 5 10 15 20 25 (ADC) FNAL MPV 40 45 50 55 (ADC) CERN Oct06 MPV 40 45 50 55 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 (80.30 ± 0.44)% (83.76 ± 0.37)% (80.30 ± 0.44)% (83.76 ± 0.37)%

1.21±0.01 ADC Counts 0.67±0.01 ADC Counts

Pad ID 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 (ADC) FNAL -MPV CERN Aug06 MPV-10 -5 0 5 10 (ADC) FNAL -MPV CERN Aug06 MPV -10 -5 0 5 10 Entries/(0.02 ADC) 0 100 200 300 400 0.67 ± 0.02 1.21 ± 0.01 Pad ID 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 (ADC) FNAL -MPV CERN Oct06 MPV-10 -5 0 5 10 (ADC) FNAL -MPV CERN Oct06 MPV -10 -5 0 5 10 Entries/(0.02 ADC) 0 100 200 300 400 500 1.42 ± 0.01 1.08 ± 0.01

•

•

•

σ2_long= 4 hitsEi· zi2 Etot − ' 4 hitsEi· zi Etot (2 σ2_trans= 4 hitsEi· (x2i + y2i) Etot − ' 4 hitsEi· 3 x2_i + y2 i Etot (2 xi, yi zi Ei Etot • 5.5 × 5.5 mm2 • X0 •

1560 × 545 × 186 mm3 X0 X0 X0 18 × 18 cm2 5.5 × 5.5 mm2 2 × 2 16 × 16 18 × 18 cm2 n × dW[mm] 10 × 1.4 + 10 × 2.8 + 10 × 4.2 20 × 2.1 + 9 × 4.2 X0 24 23 mm3 _{380 × 380 × 200 1560 × 545 × 186}

1200 µm

200oC

8o_C

1.5oC

o_C

32 × 32 16 × 16

325 µm

1 10 2 10 pad index 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 pad index 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

• • • •

e+_e−

1.6 × 2.3 mm2 1 × 1 cm2

3000 µm2

[MIP] tot E 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 /(3 0 MI P) e v e n ts N 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 Total Energy lay N 0 5 10 15 20 25 )[MI P] la y (1 /n )(d E/ N 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Longitudinal Shower Profile

I 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 J 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Layer 2 I 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 J 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Layer 14 I, J

Scanpoint Chip ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 ADC Counts -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 ev. n/N -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

Mean Signal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 1: Mean in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

Mean Pedestal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 1: Mean in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.53 3.54 4.5 55.5 )/MIP Ped -Mean Sig (Mean -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

RMS Signal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Chip_1 Chip_2 Chip_3 Chip_4

Scan 1: RMS in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

RMS Pedestal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

Scan 1: RMS in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.53 3.54 4.5 55.5 )/MIP Ped -RMS Sig (RMS -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

Mean Signal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 2: Mean in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

Mean Pedestal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 2: Mean in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.53 3.54 4.5 55.5 )/MIP Ped -Mean Sig (Mean -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

RMS Signal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Chip_1 Chip_2 Chip_3 Chip_4

Scan 2: RMS in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

RMS Pedestal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

Scan 2: RMS in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.53 3.54 4.5 55.5 )/MIP Ped -RMS Sig (RMS -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01

Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

Mean Signal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 3: Mean in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

Mean Pedestal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 3: Mean in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 22.5 33.5 44.5 5 5.5 )/MIP Ped -Mean Sig (Mean -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

RMS Signal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Chip_1 Chip_2 Chip_3 Chip_4

Scan 3: RMS in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

RMS Pedestal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

Scan 3: RMS in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 22.5 33.5 44.5 5 5.5 )/MIP Ped -RMS Sig (RMS -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

Mean Signal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 4: Mean in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

Mean Pedestal [ADC Counts]

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Scan 4: Mean in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 22.5 33.5 44.5 5 5.5 )/MIP Ped -Mean Sig (Mean -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Scanpoint 0.5 11.5 22.5 3 3.5 44.5 5 5.5

RMS Signal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Chip_1 Chip_2 Chip_3 Chip_4

Scan 4: RMS in Signal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.52 2.5 33.5 4 4.5 55.5

RMS Pedestal [ADC Counts]

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

Scan 4: RMS in Pedestal Events

Scanpoint 0.5 1 1.5 22.5 33.5 44.5 5 5.5 )/MIP Ped -RMS Sig (RMS -0.01 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01

SU(2)L× U(1)Y m_H = 120 GeV √ s = 250 GeV Z e+_e− _{→ HZ} Z → µ+µ− _{Z → e}+_e− _Z µµX eeX

e−_Le+_R P_e− = −80% P_e+ = +30% e−_Re+_L P_e− = +80% P_e+ = −30% L = 10 ab−1 fb−1 µµX µµ τ τ µµνν µµf f eeX ee τ τ eeνν eef f e−_Le+_R Z

µµX µµ τ τ µµνν µµf f eeX ee τ τ eeνν eef f e−_Re+_L Z Mrecoil M_recoil2 = s + M_Z2_{− 2E}Z√s MZ Z EZ Z 15 < P < 90 GeV EECAL Etotal Ptrack µ e EECAL/Etotal < 0.5 > 0.6 Etotal/Ptrack < 0.3 > 0.9

Efficiency = Ntrue∩iden Ntrue Purity = Ntrue∩iden Niden Ntrue Niden Ntrue∩iden P >15 GeV Z Z Z Z → µµ Z → ee P >15 GeV Z ∆P/P2 ∆P θ cos -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 (1/GeV) 2 P/P ∆ 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 cut 2 P/P ∆ θ vs. cos 2 P/P ∆ P (GeV) 0 20 40 60 80 100 (1/GeV) 2 P/P ∆ 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 parameterization 2 P/P ∆ cut 2 P/P ∆ |<0.78 θ vs. P, for |cos 2 P/P ∆ ∆P/P2 cos θ ∆P/P2 ∆P/P2 cos θ P | cos θ| < 0.78 ∆P/P2

θ cos -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 (1/GeV) 2 P/P ∆ 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 cut 2 P/P ∆ θ vs. cos 2 P/P ∆ P (GeV) 0 20 40 60 80 100 (1/GeV) 2 P/P ∆ 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 parameterization 2 P/P ∆ cut 2 P/P ∆ |<0.78 θ vs. P, for |cos 2 P/P ∆ ∆P/P2 cos θ ∆P/P2 | cos θ| ∆P/P2 P • | cos θ| < 0.78 ∆P/P2 P

δ(1/P ) = ∆P/P2 = a⊕b/P = c(P ); with a = 2.5×10−5GeV−1_{and b = 8×10}−4.

δ(1/P ) > 2c(P ) • | cos θ| > 0.78 ∆P/P2> 5 × 10−4GeV−1 Z Z • Mdl Z

Mrecoil 80 < Mdl <100 GeV 115 < Mrecoil<150 GeV • e+e− Z∗ acop acop _{= |φℓ}+ − φ_ℓ−| φ_ℓ± 0.2 < acop < 3 • PT dl PT dl > 20 GeV

• |cosθmissing| = |4 Pz,miss|/|4 Pmiss|

e+e− _{→ ℓ}+_ℓ−_{γ |cosθ} missing| < 0.99 e+e− _{→ µ}+_µ−_(e+_e−₎ PT γ PT dl Z∗ ∆PT bal.= PT dl−PT γ ∆PT bal.> 10 GeV

(GeV) γ T P 0 20 40 60 80 100 (GeV) Tdl P 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 µ µ of ISR Photon, γ T vs. P Tdl P (GeV) γ T P 0 20 40 60 80 100 (GeV) Tdl P 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 X µ µ → of ISR Photon, ZH γ T vs. P Tdl P PT dl PT γ e+e− → µ+µ− µµX (GeV) Tbal. P ∆ -100 -50 0 50 100 Nevts 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 Tbal. P ∆ X µ µ µ µ ∆PT bal. e+e− → µ+µ− µµX e+e− _{→ µ}+_µ−_γ(e+_e−_γ) Z Z µµX |∆θ2tk| = 0 |∆θ2tk| > 0.01

| (rad)

2tk

θ

∆

|

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

norm. a.u.

-2 10 -1 10 1

X

µ

µ

µ

µ

∆θ2tk ∆θ Nadd.T K = 2 µµX µµ e+e−_{→ ZZ/γγ e}+_e−_{→ W}+_W− Z W Z W Mdl PT dl acol = acos(Pℓ+P_ℓ−/|P_ℓ+||P_ℓ−|) 115 < Mrecoil< 150 GeV

dl

θ

cos

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

norm. a.u.

-2

10

-1

10

X µ µ µ µ τ τ ν ν µ µ ff µ µ dl

θ

cos

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

norm. a.u.

-2

10

-1

10

eeX ee τ τ ν ν ee eeff cosθdl µ+µ−X e+e−X τ τ µµ ee τ τ

mH σHZ eeX ZZ e−_Le+_R e−_Re+_L mH= 120 GeV W eeX W mH σHZ e−_Re+_L µ+µ−X _{± ±} L = 250 fb−1 _e+_e−_{X ± ±} ± ± e−_Le+_R µ+µ−_{X ± ±} L = 250 fb−1 e+e−_{X ± ±} ± ± mH σHZ mH σHZ e−_Re+_L µ+µ−X _{± ±} L = 250 fb−1 e+e−_{X ± ±} ± ± e−_Le+_R µ+µ−_{X ± ±} L = 250 fb−1 _e+_e−_{X ± ±} ± ± mH σHZ

(GeV)

recoil

M

120

130

140

150

Eve

n

ts

/

(0

.2

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Sig+Bkg Sig

(GeV)

recoil

M

120

130

140

150

Eve

n

ts

/

(0

.2

)

0

20

40

60

80

Sig+Bkg Sig µµX eeX e−_Le+_R

(GeV)

recoil

M

120

130

140

150

Eve

n

ts

/

(0

.2

)

0

20

40

60

80

Sig+Bkg Sig

(GeV)

recoil

M

120

130

140

150

Eve

n

ts

/

(0

.2

)

10

20

30

40

50

Sig+Bkg Sig µµX eeX e−_Re+_L

eeX µµX µµX eeX W eeX µµX µµX eeX eeX Z Z mH σHZ e−_Re+_{L ± ±} e−_Le+_{R ± ±} e− Re+L ± ± e−_Le+_{R ± ±} mH σHZ e+_e−_X

(GeV)

recoil

M

120

130

140

150

Events / (0.2)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sig+Bkg

Sig

Fit to Sig+Bkg

Fit to Bkg

(GeV)

recoil

M

120

130

140

150

Events / (0.2)

0

20

40

60

Sig+Bkg

Sig

Fit to Sig+Bkg

Fit to Bkg

eeX e−_Le+_R e−_Re+_L

(GeV) recoil M 120 130 140 150 norm. a.u. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Generator Level Reconstructed Data (GeV) recoil M 120 130 140 150 norm. a.u. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Generator Level Reconstructed Data µµX eeX

∆Mtot. ∆Mmac. ∆Mdec.

µµX eeX ∆Mmac. ∆Mdet. µµX µµX eeX √_s = 250 GeV fb−1 σHZ Z 115 < mH<150 GeV

σ _{∼ gHZZ}2 gHZZ HZZ µµX eeX σ HZ √s= 230 GeV Z

5 × 5 mm2

X0

• • 17%/√E (100 mrad)/√E • • • 25 µW/channel •

√ s 1010 nb tb Iave frep β∗ x β∗ y σ∗ x σ∗ y σz µ γε∗ x · γε∗ y · Dx Dy Υave κ= 2/(3Υave) δBS nγ HD Lgeo 10 34 cm−2_s−1 L 1034 cm−2_s−1 1 ∼ ∼

•

•

e+e−_{→ f ¯f Z}

√_s

= 540 GeV

¯ pp

GeV/c2

Z0 _{→ e}+_e− _pp¯

ep Q2 αs

Q2 αs

αs(mZ)

¯ pp

e+_e−

ee_{→ ZH}

e+e−_{→ hZ → hµµ}

HZ

e+_e− _{→ ZH}