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Strong Cryptography Armoured Computer Viruses Forbidding Code Analysis: the bradley virus

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(1)Strong Cryptography Armoured Computer Viruses Forbidding Code Analysis: the bradley virus Eric Filiol. To cite this version: Eric Filiol. Strong Cryptography Armoured Computer Viruses Forbidding Code Analysis: the bradley virus. [Research Report] RR-5250, INRIA. 2004, pp.10. �inria-00070748�. HAL Id: inria-00070748 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070748 Submitted on 19 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Strong Cryptography Armoured Computer Viruses  

(3) virus Forbidding Code Analysis: the Eric Filiol. N° 5250 Juin 2004. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--5250--FR+ENG. THÈME 2. apport de recherche.

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(26) _ PeŽ R S(TVY paqtY^dnžiX{tsuƒ†k}dgfg{ˆmnƒaTV`eiATamgqtTžŸpV_„iFkt`edg_„qX«yžŸdg{(`e_aq k}mn_„i-Yg«u`oq(q pV`bk}mgvVceYlžŸdh{¤qtƒ„YjYj†`e_VfpVƒ  )„,H!26+67‚ ‚U ƒV{tdhƒamnfym–k}`bdh_ PeŽJ>Š R _k}TVY%dgktTVYj{lTamg_aÑ«„ktTVYi-dgWvV`e_am–k}`bdh_œdnž|i-{}suƒ†ktdhfg{ˆmnƒVTV`oi^ktYJiˆTV_V`oxypVYjql›"`¨k}T? u`b{ˆmncÑk}YjiˆTV_adgcedgfg`eYjqAcbYJœ`b_ Ž  !ktdk}TVY iXdg_aiXT YXƒ†k¤dn#ž " %%$>)+6O '& mhq|ƒV{}YjqtYX_yktYJ3`e

(27) _ P !a«„Ž !†«w)Ž (?R €6{tsuƒ†k}d– y`e{}dgcedgfgsi-dg_„q `oqkˆq|`e_'mnƒaƒVcbsu`e_Vf%iX{tsuƒ†k}dgfg{ˆmnƒaTys%ktdudgcoq k}d3Wmgcb`oi-`edgp„q"i-d††Yjq(`e_ dg{ˆ†YX{(k}dq kt{}YX_afnktTaYX_r«†`eWƒV{td– hYCdh{A†YX hYXcedgƒq p„iˆT iXduVYjq å+*äåðØ.

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