4) 12

SUMMARY

0!1 THE F;SOPHAGEAI, GROOVE REFLEX

The

esophageal

groove

contraction

has been examined

by electromyogvaphy

ⁱⁿ

sheep

^fitted

with an abomasal fistula : four lambs and four 12-month old

sheep

trained to suck from a teat- bottle. Sodium

salicylate (5

p. ¹⁰⁰

W/V,

¹⁰

ml/kg)

^{was used to} indicate the direct

passage of the liquid

into ^the

abomasum,

in the young ^as well as in the adult

sheep.

^Two

experimental

proce- dures were used :

a)

the influence of

showing

^the teat-bottle in the lamb upon the transit of the

liquid injected

into the lower

esophagus, b)

the effect of

sucking

^{in the trained adult}

sheep

upon the amount of

salicylated

derivatives

collected

^at the abomasal fistula.

i. The

esophageal

groove contracts with two distinct movements.

First, by shortening,

the

right

^{and left}

lips

^become

firmly opposed allowing

direct passage of 30 to 40 p. ¹⁰⁰ of the

’ volume of

liquid

towards the abomasum.

Then,

the closure can be

complete

^if the

lips

^are

inverted, mainly

^the

right lip.

^{In this} case, 75 to 90p. ¹⁰⁰of the

liquid ingested

is recovered in the aboma-

sum. This direct passage of

liquid during sucking

in the adult

sheep

^is

accompanied by

^{a momen-}

tary

and immediate inhibition

of

vumino-veticulav contractions. The volume consumed seemed

unimportant

^{in this}

phase

of inhibition which is not related with an abomasal distension.

2

. The volume of

liquid

collected in the abomasum

during sucking

^{in adult}

sheep corresponds

to

86. 4

p. ¹⁰⁰of the

ingested

^{volume and} contains 73.3 p. ¹⁰⁰of

salicylated

derivatives. These values are

comparable

^{to those} found in the lamb: 92,5 p. ¹⁰⁰of the

ingested liquid

and 72.3 p. ¹⁰⁰ of the

salicylated

derivatives. When the

liquid

^is administred into the lower

esophagus

^{of the}

lamb,

^the volume collected constitutes 20p. ¹⁰⁰and contains

1 6,6

p. ¹⁰⁰

salicylated

derivatives.

The increased

excitability Provoked by showing

the teat-bottle is

sufficient,

^{in a trained}

subject,

^to

double or

triple

th; volume of

liquid

^{collected at} the abomasal fistula after it was administred into the lower

esophagus.

^The

electromyogram

then indicates an efficient closure of the groove.

These results show that the behavioural response ^to the

sucking

^situation is induced

by

other stimuli than ^{those of}

oropharyngeal origin

^{and that a more or less}

complete

closure of the

esophageal

groove is ^{not more} than one of its

components.

RÉGULATION

DE LA

MOTRICITÉ

DE LA

RÉGION ŒSOPHAGO-GASTRIQUE (CARDIA)

CHEZ

LE

MOUTON

J.-P.

^ROUSSEAU

Laboratoire de

Neurophysiologie végétative (SN 4 )

Université des Sciences et

Techniques (Lille-1)

^{B. P.}

36,

59 -

Villeneuve-d’Ascg

La motricité de la

région aesophago-gastrique (cardia)

^a été étudiée chez le

Mouton,

^{au cours}

de la

déglutition,

de la rumination et de

l’éructation,

^à

^l’aide

^{de deux}

techniques.

Nous avons

enregistré l’activité électrique

des différentes

composantes

musculaires de la

région ozsophago-gastrique.

^{L’allure des}

électromyogrammes,

^leurs

rapports chronologiques

^avec

d’autres

paramètres physiologiques :

contraction

réticulaire, péristaltisme oesophagien,

^accident

respiratoire,

^{nous ont conduit à} conclure que l’ouverture du cardia au cours de la

régurgitation,

sa fermeture à la fin de la

déglutition procèdent

de la mise en

jeu quantitativement différente

^des

mêmes couches musculaires

oesophagiennes : longitudinale

externe et circulaire interne.

Grâce à la méthode des sutures nerveuses croisées

vago-phréniques

^{de DUSSARDIER}

( 19 6 0 ),

nous avons étudié

parallèlement

l’activité des motoneurones

cesophagiens

vagaux, et par consé-

quent

la commande nerveuse des derniers centimètres de

l’oesophage.

^’

Enfin,

nous avons

généralisé

le domaine

d’application

^{de la}

technique ^des

^{sutures nerveuses}

en

l’appliquant

à l’étude unitaire des afférences

vagales

chez l’animal

chronique.

^Les

premiers

résultats nous ont

permis d’appréhender

^le

comportement

^des

récepteurs oesophagiens

^{de la zone}

cardiale,

^{au cours de la}

déglutition

^et de l’éructation.

SUMMARY

CONTROL OF MOTRICITY OF THE !SOPHAGO-GASTRIC ZONE

(CARDIA)

^{IN SHEEP}

Two

techniques

^{were used to}

study

^the

motricity

^{of the}

esophago-gastric

^zone

(cardia)

ⁱⁿ

sheep during swallowing,

rumination and

belching.

The electrical

activity

of the different muscular

components

^{of the}

esophago-gastric

^zone

was recorded. The

pattern

^of

electromyograms,

^the

chronological relationships

with other

physio- logical parameters :

^reticular

contraction, esophageal peristaltism, respiratory

accident showed that

opening

^{of the cardia}

during regurgitation

^{and its} closure at the end of

swallowing depend

upon the action of the same, but

quantitatively different, esophageal

^muscular

layers,

^{i. e. the}

external

longitudinal layer

and the internal circular

layer.

Owing

^{to the} method of crossed

vago-phrenic

^{nervous sutures}

according

^{to DUSSARDIER}

(

19 6 0

),

^{we also studied the}

activity

^{of the}

vagal esophageal

motoneurones and

consequently

^the

nervous control of the last centimeters of the

esophagus. Now,

^we have extended the

application

^of

the

technique

of crossed nervous sutures

by using

^{it in the}

unitary study

^of

vagal

afferents in the awake animal. The first results allowed us to

study

^the

pattern

^of

discharge

^of

esophageal

recep- tors located in the cardial zone

during swallowing

^and

belching.

EFFETS DES STIMULI PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES

^DE

^L’ENSILAGE

SUR LE

DÉVELOPPEMENT FONCTIONNEL

DU RUMEN DE VEAU

PRÉCOCEMENT SEVRÉ

M. CANDAU

Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Conseyvation et

l’Efficacité

^des

Aliments,

Centre national de Recherches

zootechniques,

I. N. R.

A.,

78 -

Jouy-en-Josas

Un

ensilage

^{de bonne}

qualité,

^ce

qui

est couramment le cas d’un

ensilage

^{enrichi en matière}

sèche _par

préfanage,

^{constitue un} excellent aliment

grossier

de sevrage pour le tout

jeune

^veau

qui

^{le tolère et}

l’accepte parfaitement

^dès

l’âge

de 3 semaines

(C ANDAU ,

C. R. Académie

d’Agri-

culture, 19 68, 10!.7-10!6).

^’