• Aucun résultat trouvé

Construction of d-dimensional hyperoctrees on a hypercube multiprocessor

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Partager "Construction of d-dimensional hyperoctrees on a hypercube multiprocessor"

Copied!
7
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00076992

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00076992

Submitted on 29 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Construction of d-dimensional hyperoctrees on a hypercube multiprocessor

Franke Dehne, Andreas Fabri, Mostafa Nassar, Andrew Rau-Chaplin, Rada Valiveti

To cite this version:

Franke Dehne, Andreas Fabri, Mostafa Nassar, Andrew Rau-Chaplin, Rada Valiveti. Construction of d-dimensional hyperoctrees on a hypercube multiprocessor. [Research Report] RR-1752, INRIA.

1992. �inria-00076992�

(2)

!"#

$&%')(*')+,'-./')(102$&.43

56

6/798&6/:;7<8=6

6 $> $=?@0 :)A ./')(1B=+ 6

6 ' 6 $C +,';0 A ./')(1B=+ 6

DFEGEIH

: 0J+,' 6K56 %!L+ 7 (1023 6 %

MNOPNRQGS

EFT

Q

EFD

,0GU 8 (1./V $G'W(1UX0J3Y(1%

Z : .G$ 7[6

nporqIs

D

tu<vxw2u)yIz{zC|K}

~€/I[‚„ƒY…I†/‡ ˆI‰‹ŠŒ;I‡‡;‚€Žƒ*ƒY ‘

’a“•” –˜—š™a› ’œ—šG“•” “•ž

Ÿ ;¡

x¢ £” –¤F“•” ¥§¦

¨ ©ªm£™ “«’œ—m™££¬– “•” ¥

¨ ©«ªk£™ ’_› ­C£

¢ › ¦˜—šxªm™ “’_£_––“•™

Z : .4$&® 6r8 $ 6

$ 5¯:;6 .I%Z,.I° : (

± 0F%';.I?‹.{.I% % . :

$ 5:;6x² .G+, 8 .IU³3Y(Y$

. 5 .K´.43Y(*µ 6 ')(

6 U·' 6rA ° :;6 o/QGQ

(3)

$'&)(- ./%102"3( +.* 4

5

!67 8:9<;=$'&)(- +> ?9)@A*BC

D$'&)(% E/%

FHGJIKMLNO PQKMOSR TUKQVMGJOIWUFHIXQGJYZ []\.W_^JI `IabI>WcWcIG<d

TUKQVQGeOfhgUIiHj_k-PQIlQmnYoK'R gUIVQIqp8I>mnYsr*O7^JY#R

tu3vxwJu3yJzz{|S}M~J€ J3‚=ƒe„…J†‡nˆ-‰cŠJ……‹Œ‚=Žn‚J.‘

’”“–•˜—™šc›*œežQJˆ8Ÿ„ ‰c3‚J‰_¡£¢¤…‹Jˆ8…‹¥¦J†.§‰cx‰©¨J¥„ª „¥…«Ž‹†M¢¤…‹eˆ8…‹¥3‚=ª8¬©­®… ¡¯‚Š†

°H‰c¥x‰±¡¯¡… ¡*²¡ŠJJ¥3‚³ˆ%Ž‹†´¦–Ÿ …‹¥xª „€…8¬©„®¡3‚Ÿ¥µª …«ŽŽ3J¥«‘

¶c·±¸c¹»º*¼½‹¾À¿Q¼Á º7±Á‹¾oϹÄÁ ÅÄÅÇÆ˜ºÉÈ3‹Âc½‹¾oÏÊnË*ÌÆHû¸cÊ.ÍHÁ‹ÃÈ«¾ÀÁ Å‹ÎJϹÄÊÐcÏoÊ3ºÁ‹ÐcËÑ>Ћҋ¹ÄÐcÊoʾn¹¯Ð‹Ò˜Ó>ÊÔºÉÊoÁ‹¾ÀÏo¸£Õ½‹È«ÐcϹ»Åc½sÖ

ÕÁ‹ÐcÁ‹Ë‹ÁQÁ‹ÐcËQÃǸcʘÑÎc× Ó>؋·Ù.Á º3¹¯Ï˜Ó>ÊÔºÉÊoÁ‹¾ÀÏo¸MÚ*ÏϹĽ‹Ð«º ÍÛ¾nÜݫޫߠà#áâÚHãÕäåæÁ‹Ð±ËçÍÛ¾nÜ*ß è3éJè#áâÚHãÕäåØsØÀæ Ü

ê

ÎëÏn¸c½½ ÅJ½sÖÕµ½‹ìE–ȫÏʾ.ÎJϹÄÊÐcÏoÊÔíÕÁ‹¾sÅÇÊϽ‹Ðîб¹ÄïʾsºÉ¹ÄÏÆíäÏÏÁ‹¼Á í.ÕÁ‹ÐcÁ‹Ë‹ÁMðÛè Î)à Ù.ñ

ò

ØnÍ*Ó>ØsÚôó@Ù.Ü»×>ÜÄõ Ý¤ó]ދñ‹õ‹Þ öMÎë½n±¸c¹ÄÁ ÷ÚHÐcϹÂc½ Åǹøº.ÏoÊnˋÊoù íJúJ¾ÀÁ‹Ð±ÏnÊ

û3ü

(4)

! " # "$&%'(")+*-,.%&/)+102%'304("%&5%,))7678%0229

7("$:;9<7("*:+("%& 7%&=&>2?04@,A%'*BC/%,EDGFH;IKJL.9<7("*:+("%& 7)678%09

?M+("$:&<>&027N04%&?04("%&O%,P)("%&=&>202?Q@RS:OT79H%02%'SU7VW5X

)678043=)S(!*YZ04%&*:+ !4[\("H6%,P%'3/ "$&%'(")*]("/^F?_`a "%&$PT/ "%'$bDcLM&d/)+ef("

)*gh[(!*3*i%,E("+3S<Y%'33+/("j&Q

kml

n

o#pBl

n

q/%&3+cr7%'#(s04(&3 "$'%&(")*:c ! Ht "#8%&3c u/02%'302("%&v<7w yx)767%02

r273a%&=&>2z<7v<\(!*Y(!%':;{t(!S<\ Hx*=+ !<cx)768%\04v<7

<7("*:("%&g;|I}Jr7<702%&3+<702%'=&>2?QOU73S3+5)7682023=8:~&?0

Ta%023+ "*Y/<7v0 s043 Pz^F_`a "%&$T/ "%&$DcLM+%€t3geO "z*a[("*v3+*‚<7

sC(" ! "<7 yx7r2<7 u%'("&Q

(5)

‡oˆ-‰c®¦)‰cŸŸ®¡Ä‚⪋‰ë3‚JŽ‰­®…«Žª ¥3‚Ÿ3‚J8.‰cJ€3…«ª .‚=ŽçŠc‚J…‹-‰JމŽ3…‹H>ª ¥®ŽŽHŽ3…«ª 3‚JŽ‹†e…J‘øŠ‘

‚<ˆ8…«­e‚=ª‹‰_¡Q­e‚â‰ëŠJ–Žn‚=ŽŸ®¡=‰c‰c¥£ª ¥–ŽŽŽ3…«ª 3‚JŽ‰c¥…J€x‰±‚…«­e‚=‰JˆJŠJ¥x‰cŸ³®¦8Ž3¦Ž3…‹ˆ-Ž‹‘‡n

³®‚=Ž£Ÿ‰cŸ …‹¥…ª eŽn‚=­®…‹¥³…)Ÿ¥e€®¡…‹ˆ6 #ª Jˆ8Ÿ„3‚Š<³…o­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡Q¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹– ‰c3‚J

Q‰c<J€3…«ª Šc‚J…‹S‰eމ8Ž3…‹ Ûª ¥–ŽŽŽ3…«ª 3‚JŽ‹‘ ³…‹¥…‰c¥…+Ÿ¥3‚ˆ-‰c¥¦J…‹¥xŽn‚JŽH³®‚=Ž

Ÿ¥J€®¡…‹ˆ³®‚=ª³ª‹‰c € … ª eŽn‚=­®…‹¥…«­U­®…‹Ÿ…‹­e‚Š J³‰c‚=Ž®S‰c€ J„£³…‚Ÿ„«‘£‡

³…ª ¥–ŽŽMŽ3…«ª 3‚JŽ‰c¥…®8€…‚=­®… ¡¦þŽ3Ÿ‰eª …«­%J¥…³‰J…£Ž3Ÿ‰eª‚Š ‚sJ¥ˆ%‰c3‚J

‰c‰_¡Ä¡†Û‚ ‘…J‘*³…‚ J¥ˆ-‰c3‚J ‰c€e„)³…o­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡£J€3…«ª ª JŽn‚=Ž3 ŽJ®¡¦£Ÿ®¡â‰ë‰c¥

ª J®J„¥xŽ£…¥x‰eª …«­¥eˆ6³…8ª ¥–ŽŽŽ3…«ª Ô‚e‰_¡Q‚ˆ-‰cŠe…«Ž‹†³…‹…³‰J…8‰cU‚–…‹¥Ÿc¡=‰cÔ‚e

Ÿ¥J€®¡…‹ˆ †HŽ3…‹…sJ¥…‰cˆ8Ÿ®¡… "!Q#$#%o‘²¡…‹¥‰c3‚J… ¡¦J†˜‚&³…%ª ¥–ŽŽŽ3…«ª Ô‚eŽ)‰c¥…®

¡Ä‚…-ª¡–Ž3…JŠJ…‹³…‹¥«†‚o‘ø…J‘ ³…‹¦Uª‹‰c € …-ª JŽn‚=­®…‹¥…«­‰eŽ‚®…‹¥Ÿë¡â‰ë3‚JŽ£Q³…Jc¡„ˆ8…+¡¦e‚Š

€…‹'…‹…‹)³…‹ˆ-Ž3… ¡J…«ŽH‰c­ ³…(sc¡Ä¡ ‚Š)ª ¥–ŽŽ.Ž3…«ª Ô‚e.†c³…‹#…H³‰J…‰ˆ8…‹¥Šë‚ŠŸ¥J€®¡…‹ˆ ‘

‡o ‚⎍³®‚=Ž ¡â‰ë…‹¥J…‹¥xŽÉ‚e<ہ³…Ÿ¥J€®¡…‹ˆ ³‰c‚=Žª JŽn‚=­®…‹¥…«­”‚ ³®‚⎍Ÿ‰cŸ …‹¥«‘

³…¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®x‰c3‚J©)8‰c­8­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰±¡QJ€3…«ª xŽM³‰JŽ€ …‹…‹ ……‹Žn‚J… ¡¦SŽÔ„­e‚…«­

*

Ç~+#$,®†>¬-#$#®†¨.#$/%0x‘21…-ª Jˆ8ˆJ®¡¦<„Ž3…«­U¥…‹Ÿ¥…«ŽÔ…‹–x‰ë3‚JSŽª³…‹ˆ8…J†€‰JŽÔ…«­ e ¥…«ª „¥xŽÉ‚3e…

Ž3„€­e‚3e‚=Žn‚J.†e‚=ށ³…#ƒe„‰J­®¥…‹…‰c­£‚xŽˆ%‰c–¦±‰ë¥3‚=‰c– Ž‹‘(4J¥*‰ë)J…‹¥5e‚…6 ‰c­ €®‚€®¡¯‚JŠe¥x‰cŸ³®¦

J'ƒJ„‰J­®¥…‹…«Ž-‰ë­ ‰ëŸŸ®¡¯‚=ª‹‰cÔ‚eŽ#…©¥…s…‹¥-7Ĩ.#8%o‘ ¨c‚ª … ‚'³®‚=Ž%Ÿ‰cŸ …‹¥#… ‚¯¡Ä¡)€ …

‚–…‹¥…«Ž3…«­©‚9:o­e‚ˆ…‹Žn‚J‰_¡#¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®x‰c3‚JŽ‹†;³…‹¥…<9%ˆ-‰_¦ € …-‰c®¦ ª JŽ3x‰ë–«†;…‚Ä¡¯¡

„Ž3…‰c<µª ¥…‹…=±‰c¥Ô‚â‰ë–¤­®…«Žª ¥3‚€…«­”‚>@?+¨.#$%o†ª‹‰_¡Ä¡…«­©³–¦®Ÿ…‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Ž‹‘

A „‰e­®¥…‹…«ŽH‰c­+³… ‚¥H³®‚ŠJ³…‹¥#­e‚ˆ8…‹ŽÉ‚e‰_¡>……‹Žn‚J8‰c¥……Bþª‚…‹®QŽ3Ÿ‰c3‚=‰_¡>­‰ëx‰¤ŽÔ¥„ª

„¥…«Ž ‚â­®… ¡¦U„Ž3…«­©‚U‚ˆ-‰ëŠJ…Ÿ¥µª …«ŽŽn‚Š†*Ž3롯‚=­Uˆµ­®… ¡Ä‚Š‰c­©ˆ-‰c®¦ J³…‹¥‰cŸŸ®¡Ä‚=ª‹‰c3‚J

­®Jˆ-‰±‚Ž ‘-²1¡=‰c¥Še…-®„ˆ€…‹¥) ‰±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆ-ŽC J¥+³…-ª JŽÔ¥„ª 3‚J ‰ë­ˆ-‰ë®‚Ÿ„®¡=‰cÔ‚e 

³…«Ž3…Ž3Ÿ‰ë3‚=‰_¡­‰cx‰bŽ3¥„ª „¥…«Ž%³‰J… € …‹…‹­®…6J… ¡JŸ…«­‘ ¨c‚ª …b³…«Ž3…‰cŸŸ®¡Ä‚=ª‹‰c3‚JŽ©‰c¥…

3¦–Ÿ®‚=ª‹‰_¡Ä¡¦­‰cx‰ ‚–…‹ŽÉ‚3e…J†.³…8‰cŸŸ®¡Ä‚=ª‹‰c3‚JbQŸ‰c¥x‰±¡¯¡… ¡Ä‚=Ž3ˆ <Ž3„ª³‰D„­‰ëˆ8…‹– ‰_¡#­‰cx‰

Ž3¥„ª „¥…‚⎠¤€e³ ³…‹J¥…‹3‚=ª‹‰_¡¤‰c­bŸ¥x‰eª 3‚=ª‹‰_¡‚®…‹¥…«ŽÔ«‘ ~…«ª …‹®3¡¦J†M¥…«Ž3…«‰c¥xª³…‹¥xŽ+³‰J…

³…‹¥…sJ¥…)ŽÔx‰c¥…«­-ª eŽn‚=­®…‹¥ ‰_¡ŠJe¥3‚³ˆ-ŽEsJ¥Ÿ‰c¥ ‰_¡Ä¡… ¡ˆ8µ­®… ¡=Ž£Hª Jˆ8Ÿ„x‰cÔ‚e.‘

F'³®‚Ä¡…¤Ž3Jˆ…QŸ‰cŸ …‹¥xŽ

*

ǬôžQ‡'#$G®†±¬-HI#$G %J0*ª JŽÉ‚â­®…‹¥HŸ‰ë¥x‰_¡Ä¡… ¡E‰c¥xª³®‚…«ª „¥…«ŽH­®…«ŽÉ‚Še…«­

*

J¥

¥…«ª JKŠe„¥…«­L0Ÿ‰c¥3‚=ª „®¡=‰c¥3¡¦-sJ¥ƒe„‰J­®¥…‹…8ˆ-‰c®‚Ÿ„®¡=‰c3‚J.†MJ³…‹¥xŽª eŽn‚=­®…‹¥8ŠJ…‹…‹¥x‰_¡Ÿ„¥5

Ÿ®Ž3…‰c¥xª³®‚…«ª „¥…«Ž‹†JŽ3„ª³‰eŽ*°M~² ¬UŽ

*

"!#~MFN#:#O%P0x†«ˆ…«Ž3³oª J…«ª …«­ª Jˆ8Ÿ„…‹¥xŽ

*

Ç´¤~+#$/%0

‰c­U³®¦®Ÿ…‹¥xª „€ …«Ž

*

ǧ=4H~/Q_†‡R=/$):%0x‘¬U‰c–¦< #³…-ª eŽ3¥„ª 3‚Jb‰c­©ˆ-‰c®‚Ÿ„®¡=‰c3‚J ‰_¡

ŠJJ¥Ô‚³ˆ-ŽMŠc‚J…‹%‚ ³…«Ž3…Ÿ‰ëŸ…‹¥xŽª‹‰ë<€……«‰JŽn‚Ä¡¦ ‰J­‰cŸ…«­%#e¥5J¥9:o­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡H³–¦

Ÿ…‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Ž‹‘8‡n Ÿ‰c¥3‚=ª „®¡â‰ë¥)³…8³®¦®Ÿ…‹¥xª „€ … ª JŽ3¥„ª Ô‚e ‰_¡ŠJJ¥3‚³ˆ%ŽsJ¥Ÿc‚®…‹¥5s€‰JŽÔ…«­

ǧ=4H~/SQT%H‰c­þ¡¯‚…«‰c¥ø‡R=/:)%*¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®x‰c3‚JŽ#ƒe„‰J­®¥…‹…«Ž£ª‹‰cU€…8‰J­‰cŸ…«­<<Ž3„ŸŸe¥

³…)ª JŽÔ¥„ª 3‚J©Û³®¦®Ÿ…‹¥ª ¥…‹…«ŽEs¥Jˆ?ˆ„®¡3‚=­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰±¡Q€®‚‰ë¥¦8‚ˆ-‰ëŠJ…«Ž‹‘

‡n³®‚=ŽHŸ‰cŸ …‹¥(#…­®…«Žª ¥Ô‚€ … ‰ë ‰±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆUsJ¥*³…#ˆJ¥…ª Jˆ8Ÿ®¡…8x‰JŽ' Eª JŽ3¥„ª 3‚Š

9:o­e‚ˆ…‹Žn‚J‰_¡)³®¦–Ÿ …‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Žs¥JˆŽ3…‹xŽ

*

9VWQ 0Xo­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡³–¦®Ÿ…‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Ž

*

ª‹‰_¡Ä¡…«­

Y6Z&[]\

{ Y

0x‘H¢‚3e…‹_^Žn¡Ä‚=ª …«Ž(‚=­®³©J…J†®³…)€‰JŽÉ‚⪉±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆ6ª JŽn‚=Ž3xŽ *¡JŠ`^ Ÿ³‰eŽ3…«Ž‹‘H‡n

…«‰Jª³UŸ³‰JŽ3…8Ÿ‰_‚¥xŽ£ ‰J­‰Jª …‹®)Žn¡Ä‚⪠…«Ž+‰c¥…3c‚…«­UsJ¥ˆ6Žn¡Ä‚⪠…«Ž+Q'‚=ª …8³…a ‚â­®³.‘)‡n

‰_¡Ä¡HŸ³‰JŽ3…«Ž³…Žn¡Ä‚=ª …«Ž‰c¥…)¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®…«­<€®¦cb ³–¦®€¥3‚=­©¥…‹…«Ž5d†‰%­‰cx‰8ŽÔ¥„ª „¥…£‚U€…‹'…‹…‹

9(VQ¤‰c­9:o­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡.³®¦–Ÿ …‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Ž

*

¤€ …¤­®…K…«­¡=‰c…‹¥60x‘feJ…³‰ëH€J³³… ‚Ÿ„

‰c­©J„Ÿ„£³®¦–Ÿ …‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Žˆ-‰_¦<… ‚³…‹¥€ …€‰eŽ3…«­©JUŸc‚®…‹¥J¥¡¯‚…«‰c¥+¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®x‰cÔ‚eŽ‹‘

³…Ž3…«ƒJ„…‹®3‚=‰_¡#‰_¡ŠJe¥3‚³ˆ ³‰eޤ‰¥„®‚Š<3‚ˆ8…g

*h

¡JŠ`^i0C@?+¨.#$%o†L³…‹¥…

h

‚=Ž£³…

ˆ-‰®‚ˆ„ˆ ‚Ÿ„)‰c­<e„Ÿ„ ŽÉ‚3j‹…J‘³…)Ô‚ˆ…ª Jˆ8Ÿ®¡…®‚É¦©HJ„¥¤Ÿ‰ë¥x‰_¡Ä¡… ¡ç‰_¡ŠJe¥3‚³ˆ

sJ¥ ‰”¨J‡É¬U§1³®¦–Ÿ …‹¥xª „€…k ‚³ml©Ÿ¥ª …«ŽŽ3J¥ Ž‚=Ž=g

*nporqts$u

v

¡JŠ(l;0 ‘=1„¥Ÿ‰c¥x‰±¡¯¡… ¡#‰_¡ŠJe¥3‚³ˆ

sc¡Ä¡¤Ž ³…€‰JŽn‚=ª£ˆ8…‹¥Šë‚Š%Ž3¥x‰c…‹ŠJ¦8*³…)Ž3…«ƒJ„…‹®3‚=‰_¡Û‰±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆ]Šc‚J…‹%‚w@?)¨.#:O%n‘³…

(6)

¥…‹…«Žtd+‚ Ÿ‰c¥x‰±¡¯¡… ¡o‘

³…#¥…‹ˆ-‰_‚­®…‹¥H‚=ŽHe¥Š–‰c®‚j‹…«­8‰JŽisc¡Ä¡¤Ž‹‘‡o8³…#…#ŽÔ…«ª 3‚Jk…­®…«Žª ¥3‚€…£J„¥Hˆ8­®… ¡

#ª JˆŸ„x‰c3‚JU‰c­UŽ3Jˆ8…+€‰JŽn‚=ª+JŸ…‹¥x‰ë3‚JŽ‹‘£‡ob¨J…«ª 3‚J> …)¥…«ª‹‰±¡¯¡Q³…­®…K®‚3‚J

³®¦–Ÿ …‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Ž<‰c­ Šc‚J… ‰c e¥ˆ-‰_¡)­®…K®‚3‚J 8‰b…6­‰cx‰bŽ3¥„ª „¥… ª‹‰±¡¯¡…«­'³®¦®€¥3‚=­

¥…‹…«Ž ‘¨J…«ª 3‚J_8€¥3‚… ¦ ¥…«ª‹‰_¡Ä¡=Ž³…)Ž3…«ƒe„…‹–3‚=‰_¡Q‰_¡ŠJJ¥Ô‚³ˆ ‰c­%‚=Ž 롯¡…«­%€–¦<‰8Ž3…«ª Ô‚e

­®…«Žª ¥3‚€®‚Š ‰”ˆ8…‹¥Šc‚ŠS‰±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆsJ¥³®¦–€¥Ô‚â­ô¥…‹…«Ž ‘<¨J…«ª 3‚J G ­®…«Žª ¥Ô‚€ …«Ž ‚ ­®…‹x‰_‚Ä¡J„¥

Ÿ‰c¥x‰±¡¯¡… ¡H³–¦®Ÿ…‹¥ ª „€…8‰_¡ŠJJ¥3‚³ˆ©‘

D 8=6 ± 0 56 3L0F?€0 A U³+,';./')(10J$

‡o³®‚=ŽHŽ3…«ª 3‚J.†$…MŸ¥…«Ž3…‹®H‰c€Ž3¥ ‰Jª *ˆµ­®… ¡=ŽH >‰+¨J‡É¬U§ ³–¦®Ÿ…‹¥xª „€ …¤‰c­8ŽÔJˆ8…Q€‰eŽn‚=ª

‰_¡ŠJJ¥Ô‚³ˆ-ŽEsJ¥³®‚=ށ3¦®Ÿ…) ۉc¥xª³®‚…«ª „¥…J‘

² {«u

\

{* 7­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J9ª JŽn‚=Ž3xŽ˜.l )知ª …«ŽŽ3J¥xŽi³®‚=ª³ ‰ë¥…‚­®…µ…«­

,³¥J„ŠJ³<) V_Qe‘ #Ÿ¥µª …«ŽŽÔJ¥xŽQ‰ë¥…¤ª J…«ª …«­%‰_¡JŠ­e‚ˆ…‹Žn‚J †ë‚&*‰c­J®¡¦+‚*³…

€®‚‰c¥¦¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®x‰c3‚J ³… ‚¥+‚­e‚=ª …«Ž-­e‚.…‹¥+‚ …‰Jª 3¡¦³…%€®‚«‘-³…8Ÿ¥ª …«ŽŽ3e¥xŽ

‰c¥…Ž3¦®ª³¥J®‚j‹…«­ ‰c­ˆ-‰_¦8€……‹‰ë€®¡…«­”J¥­e‚=މc€®¡…«­<+…µ…«ª „…)‰ª eˆ8ˆ8J‚Ž3¥„ª 3‚J.‘

Q‰eª³bŸ¥ª …«ŽŽ3J¥³‰JŽŽ3Jˆ…¡µª‹‰_¡ˆ8…‹ˆJ¥¦J‘-eJ…-³‰ëp…-… ‚³…‹¥%‰JŽŽ3„ˆ8…<‰Uª JŽ3x‰ë–

‰cˆ8e„–M.ˆ8…‹ˆ8J¥¦Ÿ…‹¥Ÿ¥ª …«ŽŽ3J¥

*

‰JŽÛ‚=Ž#­®e…¤€®¦8…ª¡„ŽÉ‚3e… ¡¦K…6sŠe¥x‰_‚…«­<‰_¡ŠJJ¥3‚³ˆ%Ž0

J¥)‰ K…«­eoª JŽ3x‰c®)‰cˆ8e„–£ˆ8…‹ˆ8J¥¦

*

‰JŽ‚=Ž)‰JŽŽ3„ˆ8…«­U€®¦ …ª¡„Žn‚J… ¡¦ ª –‰ë¥xŽ3…6

ŠJ¥x‰±‚…«­<‰±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆ-Ž0 ‘1„¥£‰_¡ŠJJ¥3‚³ˆ-މc¥… Ž3„®‚x‰ë€®¡…2e¥H‚ˆ8Ÿ®¡…‹ˆ8…‹®x‰c3‚J©J-… ‚³…‹¥ K…6

ŠJ¥x‰±‚…«­J¥ª –‰c¥xŽ3…6sŠe¥x‰_‚…«­<¨J‡3¬U§ ³®¦–Ÿ …‹¥xª „€…«Ž‰c­8³…‹¥…e¥…¤ª J„®¡=­€…£‚ˆ8Ÿ®¡…‹ˆ8…‹®…«­%J

ˆ-‰Jª³®‚…«Ž8¥ ‰cŠc‚Š-s¥Jˆ ‡o®… ¡ ǎ+‚=°¨ž`#$G$, ø‡nJ%

*

„Žn‚Š ‰J­­e‚3‚J‰_¡ ŽÔ¦–ª³¥J®‚j«‰c3‚J;0

³®‚e‚Š ¬U‰Jª³®‚…«Ž£žQJ¥ŸJ¥x‰ë3‚J!ǎ£ž#¬-)ĨJT##" %n‘

‡n ³…2K¥xŽ3£ˆ8­®… ¡ †‰c¥3‚³ˆ…‹3‚=ª)eŸ…‹¥x‰cÔ‚eŽJ©…«‰Jª³<Ÿ¥µª …«ŽŽ3J¥‰c­ ª Jˆˆ„®‚=ª‹‰cÔ‚e

€…‹'…‹…‹Ÿ¥ª …«ŽŽ3e¥x޳®‚=ª³b‰c¥…8‰J­‰Jª …‹–)‰±¡eŠS‰ K…«­­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J ‰c¥…… ¡…‹ˆ8…‹– ‰c¥¦©‚

Ž3¥„ª 3‚JŽ‰c­”x‰J…£3‚ˆ8…ag

*

Q0x‘

‡n ³®‚âŽ+Ÿ‰cŸ …‹¥#… ‚Ä¡¯¡„Ž3…%ˆ-‰c®¦

y Y6[ \$

{

\%

vJuv&µ{_uÉy

%[

v'

Y

Ž3„ª³ ‰eŽŸ‰c¥x‰±¡¯¡… ¡Ÿ¥…K.†

ˆ8JeJ®‚=ª%¥J„3‚Š ‰c­b€®‚J®‚=ª©ˆ8…‹¥ŠJ…"e¨.#Qe†!`G$#%o‘ ³…©Ÿ‰c¥x‰_¡Ä¡… ¡ Ÿ¥…K Ž3„ˆ )‰

J…«ª e¥)(q‚⎘³…(J…«ª J¥)*1†O‚³+* -,%!.0/21

3546

( 7%n†O,98,;:l˜‘.‡oŽÔ…«‰J­ 7Ž3„ˆˆ‚Š…

ª‹‰c8Ÿ …‹¥'sJ¥ˆ ‰ë–¦+€®‚‰ë¥¦8‰JŽŽ3ª‚=‰c3‚J…£JŸ…‹¥x‰ë3‚J.†J…J‘øŠ ‘Jª JŸ–¦e‚Š‘² „¥³…‹¥QŠJ…‹…‹¥x‰±¡¯‚j«‰cÔ‚e

‚=ށ³…)Ž3…‹Šeˆ8…‹–…«­%Ÿ‰c¥x‰_¡Ä¡… ¡ÛŸ¥…KE‘ ³…=J…«ª J¥M‚=ŽŽ3Ÿ®¡Ä‚¤„Ÿ%‚UŽ3…‹ŠJˆ8…‹®xމc­%³…Ÿ‰c¥ ‰_¡Ä¡… ¡

Ÿ¥…K8Ž3x‰c¥ Ž.‰c³…Q€ …‹Šc‚®‚Š+…«‰Jª³8Ž3…‹ŠJˆ8…‹®«‘.‡n³®‚=ŽŸ‰cŸ…‹¥ …#‰_¡=Ž3„Ž3…‰cJŸ…‹¥ ‰c3‚J

ª‹‰_¡Ä¡…«­<Ž3…‹ŠJˆ8…‹®…«­€¥–‰J­ª‹‰JŽ3_†c³‰cH‚=Žç‚-…«‰eª³-ŽÔ…‹ŠJˆ8…‹®#‰_¡Ä¡>… ¡…‹ˆ8…‹®xމc¥…¥…‹Ÿ®¡=‰Jª …«­%€®¦³…

K¥xŽ3… ¡…‹ˆ…‹–‚ ³…)Ž3…‹Šeˆ8…‹–_‘

Uv'v

%

v'

[]\

u3v

%[

'®w8¥…s…‹¥xŽ£%³…sc¡Ä¡‚Š JŸ …‹¥x‰c3‚J.‘¢‚J…‹ ‰<­‰ëx‰J…«ª J¥<(%†.‰

­®…«Ž33‚‰cÔ‚eae…«ª J¥<Ÿ ‰c­‰!Q®c¡…«‰cJ…«ª e¥ÛŽ3… ¡…«ª 3‚ŠŽ3Jˆ8…M… ¡…‹ˆ…‹–xŽ =(8†c³… ŽÔ… ¡…«ª …«­

­‰cx‰%… ¡…‹ˆ8…‹®xŽ>(<-%H‰c¥…ˆ8J…«­© (Ÿ7%%„­®…‹¥)³…-ª J­e‚3‚J³‰ë,Ÿ_7P%?:-Ÿ@%IsJ¥

‰_¡Ä¡#Ž3… ¡…«ª …«­U… ¡…‹ˆ8…‹®xŽ=,;8AB:C@D: l.‘=³‰c‚=Ž‹†.³…Ž3… ¡…«ª …«­­‰ëx‰%… ¡…‹ˆ8…‹– Ž£¥…‹ˆ-‰_‚©‚

³…)މëˆ8…J¥x­®…‹¥«‘

³…8€®‚J®‚=ª%ˆ8…‹¥ŠJ…<‰_¡ŠJJ¥Ô‚³ˆ ¥x‰cŽsJ¥ˆ-މ”€®‚J®‚=ª<Ž3…«ƒe„…‹ª …

*

³…kJ…‹¦Ž‰c¥…K¥ Ž3

‚ª ¥…«‰JŽn‚Š†³…‹ ­®…«ª ¥…«‰JŽn‚Š0‚–þ‰%Ž3J¥…«­<Ž3…«ƒJ„…‹ª …J‘=³®‚=Ž£JŸ …‹¥x‰c3‚Jª‹‰c©€…„Ž3…«­©

ˆ8…‹¥Še…8Ž3J¥…«­<Ž3…«ƒe„…‹ª …«Ž‹‘

²¡Ä¡Q³…«Ž3…J…«ª e¥JŸ…‹¥x‰ë3‚JŽ‰c¥…Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®…«­sJ¥=J…«ª J¥ ŽM¡…‹ŠJ³l‰c­U³…‹¦©x‰J…

3‚ˆ8…<g

*

¡JŠflM0x‘k³…‹¦ª‹‰c…«‰JŽÉ‚¯¡¦€ …8ŠJ…‹…‹¥x‰±¡¯‚j‹…«­ sJ¥=J…«ª e¥xŽ£¡…‹ŠJ³>^†f^E7l.†‰c­

(7)

x‰e…¤³…‹©3‚ˆ8…ag uv

¡JŠ l;0x‘

³…þŽ3…«ª e­bˆ8µ­®… ¡£„­®…‹¥-ª JŽn‚=­®…‹¥x‰cÔ‚e ‚=ށ³… [ µ{

Z[

'{ µ{«u

\ #

{«‘ô²¤¥3‚³ˆ…‹3‚=ª

JŸ …‹¥x‰c3‚JŽ‰cŠ–‰±‚< ‰J…3‚ˆ8…pg

*

Q0x†e€„Ÿ¥µª …«ŽŽ3J¥xŽª‹‰c ª Jˆˆ„®‚=ª‹‰c…‚³ ‰±¡¯¡*‰J­‰Jª …‹®

Ÿ¥ª …«ŽŽ3J¥ Ž‚b3‚ˆ8…g

*

Q0 ‘_³®„Žp…-ª‹‰ë Ÿ®‚Ÿ… ¡Ä‚…U³…<‰c€J…8€‰eŽn‚=ªJ…«ª J¥+JŸ…‹¥x‰ë3‚JŽ

‰c­UŠe…‹pg

* u

v

¡JŠ l;0x†I^ E l˜†*‰JŽ£3‚ˆ8…€J„­Ž‹‘³…<ž#¬-)D¥Jˆ ³®‚J‚Š¬U‰Jª³®‚…«Ž

žQJ¥ŸJ¥x‰ë3‚J%‚=މc<…‰cˆ8Ÿ®¡…)QŽ3„ª³S‰ˆ%‰Jª³®‚…r!`H.¬/Q%o‘

S &U 6/: 0 7 ' :;6/6 % .G$ 5 &° : ( 5 :;6/6 %

´¦–Ÿ …‹¥µª ¥…‹…«Ž@?+¨.#$%‰ë¥…¤‰£ŠJ…‹…‹¥x‰±¡¯‚j«‰cÔ‚e<>³…+#… ¡Ä¡;–8ƒe„‰J­®¥…‹…¤­‰ëx‰)Ž3¥„ª „¥…J‘

³…p9:o­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡*³®¦®Ÿ…‹¥ª ¥…‹…J†e¥sJ¥Ž3³J¥ ) s¥…‹…J†e‚=މ+³®‚…‹¥ ‰c¥xª³®‚⪋‰±¡Û­‰cx‰Ž3¥„ª „¥…

sJ¥)³…¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®x‰c3‚Jô¤‰_9:o­e‚ˆ…‹Žn‚J‰_¡¤­e‚=Žª ¥…‹…%ŠJ¥3‚=­U¤Žn‚=­®… ¡…‹ŠJ³ ^† ³…‹¥…^ô‚âŽ

‰JŽŽÔ„ˆ8…«­  €… ‰bŸ #…‹¥< a)‘ ³…Jx‰±¡¤ŠJ¥3‚=­ ‚=Ž ŽÔŸ®¡¯‚”‚U) Ž3„€ŠJ¥3‚=­Ž< ³‰_¡8³…

Žn‚=­®… ¡…‹ŠJ³.‘_ ³…-Ž3„€ŠJ¥3‚=­Ž‰c¥…%Ž3Ÿ®¡Ä‚¥…«ª „¥ Žn‚J… ¡¦ ‰c­ô¥…«ª „¥xŽn‚J ŽÔJŸŽ=³…‹ ‰ Ž3„€Še¥3‚=­

¤„®‚sJ¥ˆ2ª ë¡e„¥)‚=Ž¥…«‰Jª³…«­‘we­®…«Ž‰c¥…%… ‚³…‹¥8ŠJ¥…‹¦J†ç€®¡â‰eª5bJ¥³®‚…J†H¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹–Ô‚Š

J®„®‚ J¥ˆ †®€®¡â‰eª5%J¥`³®‚…Ž3„€ŠJ¥3‚=­Ž‹‘`³…¡…6e… ¡E ۉ+µ­®… +‚=Ž­®…K…«­<¥…«ª „¥xŽn‚J… ¡¦J‘Q‡n

‚=Ž¡JŠI^†®‚ ‚=ށ³…¥–J_†µ‰ë­%¡…6J… ¡

*

S0?.'¡…6J… ¡

*

o‰c³…‹¥

*

050IV QJ³…‹¥5 ‚âŽÔ…J‘

47J¥J„¥‰_¡ŠJJ¥3‚³ˆ #…£…‹…«­ ‰2s„¥³…‹¥Še…‹…‹¥x‰_¡Ä‚j«‰c3‚J  )s¥…‹…«Ž †Žn‚ª …=…= ‰ë–

¥…‹Ÿ¥…«ŽÔ…‹–Q­e‚=Žª ¥…‹…ŠJ¥3‚=­Ž(³…‹¥…³…Žn‚=­®… ¡…‹Še³- >³…Žn‚=­®…‚³…9$s³8­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J±‰ë¥3‚…«Ž‹‘

˜8„­®…‹¥xŽÔx‰c­³–¦%³®‚=ŽŠJ…‹…‹¥x‰±¡¯‚j«‰cÔ‚e ‚=Ž…«ª …«ŽŽ‰c¥¦ ª JŽn‚=­®…‹¥¤³… c¡Ä¡‚Š-‰±‚3e…

‰_¡ŠJJ¥Ô‚³ˆ e¥¤ª Jˆ€®‚®‚Š^) s¥…‹…«ŽsJ¥ˆ ‰k) s¥…‹…J‘

Qe‘£žQJJ…‹¥.…«‰Jª³) ³… ) s¥…‹…«Ž.³‰c*¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®xŽ*‰£Žn¡Ä‚=ª …M‚®‰c)…«ƒe„®‚±‰_¡…‹® ) s¥…‹…J‘

)7‘°…‹¥'e¥ˆ]‰„®‚J JŸ …‹¥x‰c3‚JŽ J ‰_¡Ä¡Û³…p)

s¥…‹…«ŽEsJ¥ˆ…«­‚©³…Ÿ¥…6e‚J„ޤŽÔ…‹Ÿ.‘

³…%Ÿ¥J€®¡…‹ˆ ‚³b³…%‰_‚J…<‰_¡ŠJJ¥3‚³ˆA‚=Ž+³‰c‚8ª‹‰cb¥…«Ž3„®¡+‚‰ ª JŽn‚=­®…‹¥x‰ë€®¡…U‰c­

„…«ª …«ŽŽ‰ë¥¦cb €®¡'„ŸJd+‚<³…‰cˆ8J„®Û­‰c ‰³‰cˆ„Ž3M€…Ÿ¥ª …«ŽŽ3…«­‘žQJŽn‚=­®…‹¥`sJ¥

…‰cˆ8Ÿ®¡…8³…Žn‚„‰c3‚JU‚-³®‚=ª³ ‰_¡Ä¡Û #³…

*

9V7Q0Xo­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡#ŽÉ¡¯‚=ª …«Ž+‰c¥…8ª Jˆ8Ÿ®¡…‹… ¡¦

€®¡=‰Jªt>‘@‡n ³…-K¥xŽÔ Ž3…‹Ÿ'³…‰_‚J… ‰_¡ŠJe¥3‚³ˆD…«‰Jª³ ³…_s„®¡Ä¡¦ €®¡=‰Jª5

*

9V Q0X

­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡#ŽÉ¡¯‚=ª …«Ž2#e„®¡â­”€…€¥$e…‹ „Ÿ©‚c^ Jc¡„ˆ8…+… ¡…‹ˆ8…‹– Ž£#Žn‚=­®… ¡…‹ŠJ³ QJ† ‰JŽ

³…k ‚â­®³ ‰_¡JŠ ­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J 9þ‚⎠J®¡¦ QJ‘k³®„Ž#…J„®¡=­U¥…‹„¥ ‰%¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹– ‰c3‚J

‚©‚ˆ%‰cŠJ…ŽÔŸ‰Jª …J‘F'³…‹©‚S³…Ž3…«ª J­UŽ3…‹Ÿ H³…‰_‚J…‰±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆ ³…„®‚eS #‰_¡Ä¡ ^

Žn¡Ä‚=ª …«ŽM‚=Žª Jˆ8Ÿ„…«­³…¥…«ŽÔ„®¡Ô‚Š) s¥…‹…‚=ŽM*Žn‚j‹…=g

*

Q0 ‘.‡oM‚=ŽM…7‰eª 3¡¦³®‚âŽM„…«ª …«ŽŽ‰c¥¦

‚ª ¥…«‰JŽ3…+J¥ab €®¡ „ŸJd+‚U­‰cx‰8Žn‚j‹…+³‰c‰c®¦-…Bþª‚…‹® ‰±¡ŠeJ¥3‚³ˆ]ˆ„Ž3¤ŽÔ…‹…6-%‰Oec‚=­‘

Fô…8…‹…«­b ¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®e)J®¡¦>9:o­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J‰_¡ ª „€ …«Ž+€„ ‰±¡âŽÔ ª „€ c‚=­Ž‚³b³…

މcˆ… Žn‚=­®… ¡…‹ŠJ³ , ‚S­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚JŽQ£³¥J„ŠJ³9=VwQ‰c­<Žn‚=­®… ¡…‹ŠJ³ @8C,‚ ­e‚ˆ8…‹Žn‚J

9 †.³…‹¥… @ ‚⎍³…®„ˆ€…‹¥£牱¡¥…«‰J­®¦p3c‚…«­ ŽÉ¡¯‚=ª …«Ž‹†.‰ë­;,<‰c­9@%‰c¥…Ÿ…‹¥xŽ )‘

%“♲ –y

Y

{9 u [ % uÉ{ {

3

‚=Ž)‰©ª c¡J„¥…«­ô¥…‹…‚³b'#e‚­ô­®…«Ž‹‘

³…­®…«Ž‰c£¡…6J… ¡=Ž !3† 8"!B8'¡JŠ`^†L J¥ˆ ‰) s¥…‹…‰c­©¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹–

\ # v [ Y

 #Žn‚j‹…

*

)$#0

&%

) 3

†‰c­%­®…«Ž¤‰c ¡…6e… ¡âŽ,³¥J„ŠJ³ sJ¥ˆ]‰sJ¥…«ŽÔ )s¥…‹…«Ž¤‰ë­%¥…‹Ÿ¥…«Ž3…‹®

\ { Y

ێn‚j‹…

*

)$#]0 ‘

eJ3‚=ª …+³‰cŸ³‰JŽÔ…a,J¥ ¡eŠ ^©³®¦–€¥Ô‚â­©¥…‹…«Žª‹‰c € …8ª JŽn‚=­®…‹¥…«­U‰JŽ) s¥…‹…«Že¥)

¥…‹…«Ž †–¥…«Ž3Ÿ…«ª 3‚J… ¡¦J‘47„¥³…‹¥J…£³‰c­®…«Ž‰cM¡…6J… ¡ H‰c¥…‰c³…)މëˆ8…¤Ô‚ˆ…£¡…«‰J…«ŽM

³…p)oŽÔ„€¥…‹…‰ë­<¥®JxŽMH³…a) oŽ3„€¥…‹…«Ž‹‘E4˜‚Še„¥…<Q)ŽÔ³£Ž‰Ÿ³‰JŽ3… )³®¦®€¥3‚=­

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to