La place du logiciel libre au CNRS : témoignage d'un ingénieur en informatique au CNRS depuis 1984

HAL Id: hal-00850874

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00850874

Preprint submitted on 9 Aug 2013

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

La place du logiciel libre au CNRS : témoignage d’un ingénieur en informatique au CNRS depuis 1984

Jean-Luc Archimbaud

To cite this version:

Jean-Luc Archimbaud. La place du logiciel libre au CNRS : témoignage d’un ingénieur en informatique au CNRS depuis 1984. 2012. �hal-00850874�

1234526738935ABC6C7535CDE73293F33ACB2B73893CBC79E 73CAE2C973293F38749C3

1234567589AB5C26C

DEBFE55F8E5D8E5FE5F598B EF58E5!"#$

F8E3D8E%E&F9'F3355BB())&'388E3FF3)

123456789A76BC9DDEFDA3A5AF86AC3DA82EF439A7E889756A26D5E649DA95A7F85F49DACFA1649A9DA

8E67698DA3453DA3FA867979DA739D2AC65A34A433DE5A397A83A867979AA493569AEEDA B

13A39A55!""433EE#E4"6D5E649DB95B7F85F49DBCFB8649"A9495AC2377C94A$A795AEF439

F5EB5F5FB58B'F5F*B5+8((9BF5E5B98F5 E5(FEB58F5,59(FF5(9E E958E&9E+E5 'F*5'9F'*5'F*5*9B5(*FB*59E5958*5'F*5'898B9F*5F5FFF5FB59FB5'*5'F5*9B3 -FE5F598B EF5('.5F5'+-"$D5F5/95&+85B808''5+8959F5FE5 0F'9((FE58*5'85*9B5125(F8B5358*3

F5*E*5F*EBF5FB58E5!"#$5F5645659F5FE5*/*B7F5FB5*F8E5FB5&F5*E*5F9F58E5

!"#$580F5E5(9'5('EB.B5F*(9*8'F5F5(9&FB*35F5!"#$598*F5F5FFF5(E'5 F9E(F5('E*5F562225'898B9F*58*5B9EBF*5'F*5*('F*5*FB EF*35!F*588B*B EF*5 9B5 E+'5F*B5E5'FE598595(FEB58095EF50*95*E5'+F*F'F5F*5(8B EF*5F5FFF58*5 B9EBF*5'F*5*FF*3

9F8B5458*5&+85B808''58*5E5FBF5F58'E'5(9E5'F*5E0F*B*5FB5'F*5'898B9F*5'F5!-!:5

*E5E5858(E*5,5:F9'F5F5 E5+85(F*5+8095E59B8B5FB5F5*F0F580F5F*5 FFE*5FB5EF50*95E0F*B8F5F5'85FFF359E*5F564425,5C2625&+85B808''58*5EF5 EB58B98'F5E5!"#$5'+2#;!58F5F5(8BE'F5F5'85*F5F5('8F5F*5*F8E<5FB5F5'FE*5 8(('8B9*5(9E5'+F*F'F5F*5'898B9F*5!"#$35!FBBF5(9*B95+858B50*BF5=FB59*F''F5 8*5F*598F*5F59(BFF*>5F5B7*59FE<58(E*5FB5'898B9F*58*5B9E*5'F*5 98F*5F5FFF35

?F*58B0B*5FB59(BFF*5BF EF*59B509'EF*58*5'F5BF(*550F'9((FFB5'9F'5FB5 9FB0B5F59!58*BEBEF*5F5*F8E<598B EF*5'98E<55F58(E*558B98E<5 BF9'9F*5-958(('8B9*5BFFB5*EB598B EF5''F*5F58'E'5FFFB5F5 '9F'*5'F*5=('8BF9F592?;>5 E8'B5(9B8'*5B8B EF*35+859B5FB585F5 9FE<5(9&FB*59E59E(F*5F5B808'35F5F5*E*5(8*5E50F'9((FE5'9F'58*5&+858B5=9E5 999>5F59FE<5BF*B*5FFFB*5F988B9*5*E5F*5'9F'*5F5(9E5 '+F*F'F5F*5'898B9F*3

@E8B5F*58F*5(9F**9F''F*5&+858***B5(89*5(8B(5,5'+09'EB95F*5(8B EF*5

98B EF*58*5'F*5'898B9F*5F5FFF35A5(FEB5BF55'+80F5F*598BFE*5(F*9F'*

'85*F5F5('8F5F*5*F8E<5='98E<5F58(E*58B98'>5'F5('9FFB5F*58(('8B9*5BFFB '85(9'8B EF5F5'85*EB5'858'*8B95E58'E'5FB5F5'859'*8B958*5'85FFF3335 AEBF5F*58*(FB*5BF EF*5'F*5B9F*5F5(8B8F5F*598**8F*5'858B95FB5'850F5F5 9FE<59E(F*5+8F*5BF EF*59*BBEFB5E58EBF58*(FB5(9B8B35!FBBF509'EB95F5 '+9EB'598B EF5FB5F*5(8B EF*58*5'F*5'898B9F*5*+F*B58BF580F5'+EB'*8B95(89*5'F5 0F'9((FFB5F5'9F'*5'F*59E5(8*3

F50F*58((9BF5E5B98F5*E5FB8*58B*58E< EF'*5&+85(8B(58*5850F5

(9F**9F''F5F5'F580F5'F5'9F'5'F5,5'859*58*5*959&FB58*58E**58*5*F*5(8B EF*35

85('8F5E5'9F'5'F58E5!"#$ 6

@F58 EF58B5&+F**8F85F5(FF5E5FE'5(9E5F5BF5EF5'FB95EF50*95('E*5'98'F355F5 F5'BF85,5F5 EF5&+850E5.B9/5F5B7*5(7*35@95F59FE<58B*5F8E9E(5('E*5

(9B8B*5*F9B59E'B*35!+F*B58*5EF50*95FB5EF588'/*F5B9EB5,58B5(F*9F''F*5FB595 9('7BF*5FB5(8B8'F*35+F580FB*5'F5'FBFE35-'5F*B50FB5 EF5F'85+F8F5(8*5'F5!"#$

?8*5 E8595'B5E5B98F5'5F*B5(9B8B5F5*8095 E5(8'F35!8E585*850*95*E08B5

*950E5FB5*85('8F58*5'+8B935!+F*B5F5 E5+859EB5,5F595(89E*5(9F**9F'5 8*5'F5(888(F5(FB5(9E5 EF509E*5'F5'FBFE5*8F5,5 E5'58588F3

F58((F''F5 EF5959&FB5+F*B5(8*5F5C589BF595*B9F5D5F5 E585(FE5+BEB58*5F5 8((9BF5FB8*58B*58*5'F*5325F7F*58F*5 E5(FE0FB58F5,59(FF5'85('8F5 8BEF''F5E5'9F'5'F58*5'F*5'898B9F*5F5FFF3

+8B'F59FF5(85'85F*(B95F58B*58*5'+9F599'9 EF5FB5*F5BFF5(85EF5 9'E*95(F*9F''F5*E5'85(9*B95E5'F58*5'85FFF3

123412356789A56B85535

ACDEDFC6DE666FDF666C66FF66F FD6

!"#$%&"#$'(

D59580F58E5!-!:5F564565F5!FBF5-BFE0F*B8F5F5!8'E'5F5:F9'F5B8B5 E(5 +EF59**F58F5*9E*5'F5*/*B7F5+F<('9B8B95?E'B*35$E5FB5 E(FFB5E EF59EB'5 98B EF5F*5'898B9F*5E58(E*5FBF5F25FB56225FFE*5FB5F*F8B*5B8FB5 9FB*5F5*E'B8580F5F*5BF8E<595BF''FB*5='F59!5+F<*B8B5(8*>3

?E'B*50F8B5E5?-G5FB5F59FE<59F(BFE*5+2<59B5B808''5F*EBF5,5'858B95+2<

+B8B5E52<5('E*59(' E3

?8*5B5FB7FFB5F5'88F5965='88F5*BEBE5B7*5'*'F>59E*5*(9*9*5F5B9E*5'F*5

*9EF*5 EF5'+95(9E08B59F5FB5EB'*F5(9E50F'9((F580F35!F5B8B58BEF'5B9E*5'F*5

*/*B7F*5EB'**58*5'85FFF5B8FB58*5='F5'9F'5B8B58BEB>3

9* E+'5/5808B5E5(9'7F5'8B5B9E*5'F*5FE*5*/*B7F*58''8FB5'F5'F5*9EF5(9E5 9(FF5'858*935A5(9E08B58*5BEF5+9FB5858F+35!F'858EFB8B5'F*5 98**8F*5BF EF*5F58E3

@F5('E*588(BF5'F5*/*B7F5,5EF5*(B58B8*F5='F5BF'5(85F<F('F>59E5,5E5(( EF 95(0E5+B8B5(8*5'9 E8B559598B5FB8*59E'F*5E5*/*B7F3

!FBBF5F09FFB5F*B5B7*598BFE5'5(FFB5F5(9F**F5BF EFFB5FB5F50F'9((F5E5 9F58(FFB3

HE859585B808''58*5959(F5B9EB5,58B5F5 E5859EB5#85$B8''85,5*F5'8F5 8*5'85B95E5'9F'5'F5(E*58*5*859*8F35!9F5'5F*B589B58*5*8598(F5 FFE5F598B EF5,5FBBF5(9 EF5'5808B587*58E<5*9EF*35;B5E* EFFB5'5*+F*B50E5 BFF5FB59EB'5F5B808'5'F5*9EF3599E5B9E*5'F*5FFE*5F598B EF5FB5('E*5'98'FFB5 'F*5FE*5F598B EF5FBBF5950*'B5B8B5E5F5B7*5(9B8B58*5'F5B808'3

BDCFFC6)66*C6+,D*6,F-6!"#$%&"#$'(

?E'B*5B8B5B7*5(FE5(8E5EF5I8F5F5*BF*5F5J8F5((8'FFB5(9E5'85FFF5 (E' EF58*58E**5(0F35F5*E((9B5BF EF5E59*BEBFE5B8B58*5,5835-'58''8B59 +*F59E''F5*FE'+3598*5B9EB5,58B585'F*5*BF*58B8*5*+B8FB598**5(9E5F5E59E(F5 +8F*5BF EF*580F5('E*FE*5B7F*5 E5*F5E**8B5E'7FFB5(9E5F<(9*F5F*5 (9'7F*5F5FB8*5*+8F5F*5(8B EF*5FB5*9E0FB5F*5(FBB*50F'9((FFB*5'9F'35

?EF5*8*5BFFB5FB5*8*5'F*59EB'*5F59E8B95FB5F5B808'59''898B*58BEF'*595808B5

F*58F*5B7*5EBEFE<5(9E5808F5F*F'F5*+FB8F35-'5F5*F'F5 EF5'F58B5+8095F*5

F9BF*5B9E&9E*5F5(*FBF'5(FFBB8B5F508FB5*F598KBF5F5 E50B8B5'F*58F*5 (89*5E*5 E+95858BEF''FFB5(89*5(858'359F*9F''FFB5+B8B5B9E&9E*580F5('8*5 EF5

&F5(8B(8*5,5F*5F9BF*5EF5*5'F*5('8FFB*5F5B85B8FB5'9*3

!F*5(8B EF*5F59E(F*5+8F*5+B8FB5(8*5*( EF*5,5?E'B*5'F*58EBF*5*/*B7F*5F5 (8BE'F5@;!5F59F5808FB5'+ E08'FB35D*5'F*58F*5FB5'F5(8B8F5BF EF*5F5 98B EF59B5B9E&9E*5F<*B58*5'85FFF3

.FCFC6*CDF66*FF6D6F/6F6FC6!"#$'(

?E'B*5808B5E59EB'5F5F**8FF5'98'5FB EF58E58'5+2<5+8''FE*35A58*5'F59F5F5 '85FFF5F8E9E(5F5*BF*5B8FB5 E(*5F58BF'5-1?35-1?5808B585'85*F5F5('8F5 +E5*F8E588 EF51-G";G58E<5;B8B*2*58*5*E5F*5(99B9'F*5F59E8B95 (9(B8F*5 E5*F5'8B5*9E*5'+8((F''8B955;D#"5F5;E9(F5*E((9B58E**5(85'F5*B7F5 F5'85FFF35-'5F8B5F58*5*F0F*5F5(8BE'F5(9E5'85F**8FF5BF8B98'F5FBF5 'F*5FFE*35F*5*BF*5?E'B*5F5B8B5F<'E*35F5+B8*5'858*5'F50F'9((FFB5+EF5 (8**FF''F5FBF5'85F**8FF5'98'F5?E'B*5FB5;D#"35:LF5,5'+87*58E<5*9EF*5F5965F'85 808B5B58**FI58(F5FB5808B5F59B93

F*58EBF*5*BF*5?E'B*5+808B5F85'F59F3599E5'F5E*F595808B58B5F*59(F*5E5 '9F'5*E5F*58F*5FB5&+808*598*5EF5&9EF5F5(*FB8B95,5:F9'F580F5*BEB95 F*58F*35D*5&+808*58B5EF5*BEB95+E5'9F'58BEBFFB58*5*8*5'FF5FB5*8*5 BFFB35!FB8*5*BF*5808FB5F*EBF59E0FB5F*5E*5FB5+808FB5(9(9*5F*59FB9*3335

!F5(9E59BF5 EF5'+9&FB5'9F'5'F5F<*B8B5808B5'F5BFF58*5 EF5'F*5(8B EF*5F5 E*95FB5+8'98B95F*5'9F'*5'F*35?8'FEFE*FFB5(FE5F5BF(*58(7*5'+8EB5E5 0F'9((FFB5F5?E'B*5B8B5895F5 E585'B5'85E*95E5'9F'5,5'85J8F35 DEBFFB5&+8E8*5(FEB5EBF58B5F5F8E<509/8F*333

4D6FFF+66EFC6FCDFD/66CFC6FCD6D66,F66 F6,F-6!"##0&"##"(

D05,5'+2#;!52B5#;*F8E<5E5!"#$5&+85(8B(58B0FFB5,5'85B95(E*5,5'85*F5F ('8F5E5*F8E58B98'5F5'85FFF5FB5F5'+F*FFFB5*E(FE5#;"DG;#5('9B5(85'F5

*B7F5F5'85FFF5FB5F5'+F*FFFB5*E(FE35DE5(8B5F5'85'F<95*+F*B5(9*F5'85 EF*B95E59<5F*5(9B99'F*5F59E8B95 E5F08FB5E'F5*E5F5*F8E35D5'+(9 EF5 '5/5808B5FBF5'F*5*BF*5F5FFF5F*5'8*9*55MCF5=F5J8F5G'F9>5@;!";G5=F5@;!>5

$"D5=+-1?>5-$A5=B7*59BFFB5(9E**5(85'859E8EB5FE9(FF>5FB5 EF' EF*5-935-'5808B5 B558EB8B5F59E(F*5F5B808'5 EF5F5(9B99'F*5'+F5B8B5F5FBBF5B9E*5F*5(9B99'F*5*E5 'F5EF5*F8E351F5 E+B8B5&FEF5FB5*8*508FB5+F<(FF5&+808*5B5*59F5 88BFE5E59E(F5BF EF5-9585F55'F597'F5+8BFBEF5=9FB5

BF9FBF5'F*5*BF*55 E(FFB*59EB8F333>35F*58EBF*59E(F*5B8FB5('9B*5(85F*5*F9*5 80F5F*5F*(9*8'B*5(9B8BF*58*5FB8*598*F*5F5FFF35F5(F*F5 EF5'F5

*B7F5F59/8B5(8*5E5B9EB5F5-95 EF5B7*5(FE5F5(F*9F*598**8B5+8''FE*35@+98585

*8B935;B5,5'+80F5#;"DG;#5+850E'5 E+E5*FE'5(9B99'F55-93

F5B808'5E59E(F5BF EF5-9585B5F5B7*59F5 E8'B58*5F5+F*B5(8*5F5 E5859EB5,5'85

*95E5B9EB5-935-'5F5*F'F5 EF5FE<5'FB*5(9B8B*59B5B835F5(FF5F*B5 EF5-95 F*B5*('F5959B9F580F5B9E*5'F*5B*5F5'F580F5F*5 E(FFB*5(FE59ABFE<5FB5F*5 '9F'*5'F*35!F5*9B5'F*5'FB*5E5*E7*5+-BFFB35F5*F95(9B5F*B5 EF5-95*+F*B5F(FE5 8(FFB58*5'F59F35;B5EF58*59*50''8F*58E'9*595F5(FEB5(8*59F5'F5(9*5E5 ('E*5859F5E59BF<BF5BF8B98'58B5958BEF''FFB35HE85E5*B885E5'9F'

*+(9*F598'FFB5'5F*B5'F5F5(FF5EF58EBF5*9'EB93

?8*5 EF'*58((9B*580F5'F5'9F'5'F5N5-'5/585EF5*'BEF5*E5'F593

85('8F5E5'9F'5'F58E5!"#$ 3

99E5 E+'*5*F5(8FB5'58EB58F5F*5'9F'*5'F*5*('F*5FB5'F*580F5F*59B9*5F58*F 5OFF(5B5*('F35;B5'5F5*F'F5 EF58*5'F5'F5'F*5(FBB*59EB'*5B7*5'*59B5F8E9E(5F5

*E7*3

85B8*(B95E5*F95(9B5F*B5 E+95F5(FEB5(8*5'EBBF59BF5AF35-'58E8B5B5*E8F58E5 0F8E5E5!"#$5F509E'95(9*F5A(FAF59F5(F7F5B8(F5F5'85(99B95E5'9F' 'F5F5 EF5&+8E8*5(E58F5('E*FE*58F*58(7*35AF5F*B5B9(5(8E58E5!"#$5FB58''FE*5 8*5'F59F35+EB'*F5(F*9F''FFB5A(FAF5FB5&F5F98F5F5'+EB'*F58*5&F5+85

&88*5F985F58*E'F5*/*B8B EFFB5B9E*5'F*5(9*BF*5(F*9F'*5F*5'898B9F*5*9E*5 A(FAF5F5*E((8B5AF35@8*5'85(99B95E5'9F'5'F5FB8*5(F*8FB5 E+'58''8B 9FF5(85',5=&F5F5*8*5(8*5F5 E+'5F58B58E&9E+E>5&F5(F*8*5=FB5&F5(F*F5B9E&9E*>5'F5 9B8F58*595F09FFB3

46FC/666++6+6666FC6666DFDF6!"##1&1000(

D5(8B5F5644C5FB5(F8B5F59FE*F*58F*5'+9&FB5((8'5F5'+2#;!B9EBF5(FBBF5EB5 85B5'F5('9FFB5F*58(('8B9*5BFFB58*5'F*5'898B9F*5FB5'F*58(E*5E0F*B8F*3525 (9B8B5B808'5F59('8B95F5BF*B*5(E*5F5E*95+98B9585B5FFBE35"9E*5809*5 98*5E5*BF5PF5 E585B5'9BF(*5'85FF5(9E5-95FB5*F*58(('8B9*58*5'F59F5 88 EF5F5B7*59FE*F*598B9*5='F*5959EBF*59E58'*BF*5&E* E+,5F225 FEF*>5(9E5B9E*5'F*58*B8BFE*5*/*B7F*5FB5*F8E<5F5'898B9F*5=9E*5809*58E**595 F*598BFE*>5F*59FF*5F*59E(F*5F5B808'3335$8*59F*BF5F585B5B7*5F8F358 FFF5FB5'+F*FFFB5*E(FE59B5B5'9BF(*5F5808F58*5'F598F5F5'+EB'*8B95 +-BFFB5=F5+F*B5('E*5'F58*58BEF''FFB>35F5*E*59EF5B7*5*9E0FB5BF0FE58*5F*5 9FF*5(9E5'F*598BF*59E5FE*5F5*9B*5(0F*5(89*5F5BFF5(9E5F*5 8*59E(F*5(9E5F<(' EF5(9E5 E9595EB'*8B5BFFB5FB59FB35F5F5*9E0F*5E55E5 QE5+E5@$-5+E5859E(F5*8B55&F5F59(F*5(8*5(9E E959E*595(F*F58EB8B5 +8FB5(9E59BF5F**8FF5'FB9 EF58'9*5 EF509E*58KBF*5B9EB580F5F*5'9F'*58BEB*3

;FB0FFB5F'859E*5(88**8B58BEF'58*5B9EB585B58*5*E5E5'9F'5'F5 E+9585(E5 BE5BF*B5EB'*5*8*5(9'7F5(9E5'F*598B9*5(9E5'85E*958*5'F*5'898B9F*3335 G9EBF5FBBF5*F5F5('8F5F*58(('8B9*5BFFB5*+F*B5FFBEF58*5*8*58EE50F*B**FFB5F 88B5F5'FF5'9F'5R5AEBF5'+8*(FB58F5'85'FB59FBF5(85'F5'F585(F*5FBBF5 F8B5F5E*9580F5B7*5(FE5F59/F*3

D*5'5F*B50FB5 EF5B9E*5'F*5'9F'*5'F*59B59BE5F587F598FB8'F58E5*E7*5 +BFFB5FB5F5(8*5E EFFB58*5'85FFF3

2*CC66C6-F6DE66-F6CDF-6C63C6 FD6D66DF66D6 +CF+6F CDF-6!"##4&100'(

;5(88''7'F5F595B808'5*E5'F5*F8E5*F*58(('8B9*3335(F8B56458*5F64425,5C2245&+85B5 85F5**95$EB5-98B EF5,5BF(*5(8BF'58E(7*5E5J9B98F5F5$EB5

@F*F5=J$@>5E5!"#$35F*5(F7F*58F*5&+B8*5'F5*FE'5FB5BF EF58B98'5*E5'85

*EB598B EF58E5!"#$5E5(FE5'+ E08'FB5+E5#$$-5=#F*(9*8'F5F5'85$EB5F*5

$/*B7F*5+-98B935F5BFF5+F<*B8B5(8*5,5'+(9 EF55'F5(9*BF58E5!"#$5E5(9*BF5F5#$$-5 E5+85B558E5!"#$5 E+F5C2623

25B808'5EFB5*+F*B58(FFB5(9*550F9E''F5'F*587*5BFFB3599E5'F*563225'898B9F*5 E5!"#$5B9E*59FB*5,5'+BFFB5'5+/5808B58EEF598*8B95(9E5'85*EB598B EF5 8*5E5F09FFB5(FE5F(B5,5F*5(9'7F*5(9E5'858&9B58B8F58E<57'FFB*5FB5 8E<59B8BF*35!F*5'898B9F*5!"#$5=+B8B5'85EF5*BE8B958*5'F*5E0F*B*>5808FB5B5 9FB*5,5'+BFFB5#;"DG;#597BFFB5'9* EF5'+BFFB5B8B5F9F5E EFFB5

88 EF5985 E8*FB5B9E*5'F*5*BF*5BFFB5B8FB5F*5E0F*B*59E5F*5'898B9F*5F5

FFF35A5B8B5FF5F5'85EF59E8EB5FFF595*F598**8B5FB595*F58*8B5 98F35-'5+/5808B5958EE5'B8F58EEF5'B8B95+87*5,5'+FBF5F*5'898B9F*5FB5F*

8(E*5*8*59(BF5F59FE<5*F0FE*59E58(('8B9*5*8*5*E05F*5*F*5,5&9E5'9F''F*5 80F5F*59B*5F5(8**F5B08E<35D0F5'+F<('9*95F5'+BFFB5FB5*959E0FBEF5'5858''E58(FFB5 908F5(E*58F5B9E*5'F*5'898B9F*5,5FBBF5F5('8F5EF58BFBEF5*F8E5*E*F5F*5 'B8B9*5+87*5FB5EF59F59E8B95FB5E5*E05F5B9E*5'F*5*F0FE*35-'58''8B5908F5 'F*5EB'*8BFE*5FB5'F*598BF*58BE*5,5EF5'FB59('7BF5F5*F5(9E(F5F5*EB5FB +85(9E5'BF5FBBF5'FB5F58(FFB35!F5+B8B5(8*583

D0F5B7*5(FE5F59/F59E*5809*59B5E5*F8E5F59F*(98B*5'898B9F5F5*EB5 98B EF580F5E50F8E598'5F5998B935!F5*F8E5859B95&E* E+F5C2245FB585 9(B5&E* E+,57C259F*(98B*35D0F5F5*F8E59E*5809*5(E5858(FFB5F58*5 +BE*95E*F5F*5F988B9*5F*580*5F5*EB5FB5F*59EB'*5'F*5F5(9BFB959E5 F5BFB95FB5*EB9EB5*F*'*F5FB59F352509'EF5B7*59* EFB5F598B9*58B98'F*5 98'F*333580F5F*598B9*5F598BFE*5BFF*585B5F5(F8B5(7*5F56258*35

;B59E*5*9F*580*58E5EB5F*58F*5C222585EF5*BE8B95*8F59F8B5'F*5* EF*5 BFFB3585*EB5+B8B5(8*5,56225S5=F5 E5+F<*BF5(8*>58*5*8B*8*8BF5E5(9B5F50EF5 8BFBEF5'B8F58*B8B95F*5*F0FE*3

AEBF5'+EB'*8B95F5'9F'*5'F*5(9E5'85(9BFB959E5'85BFB95E5(9B5(9B8B58*5FBBF 98*8B9585B5 E+95808B55 EF5'F*59F*(98B*5*EB5*F8FB5F*58*B8BFE*5

*/*B7F*5FB5*F8E<58*5'F*5'898B9F*5(F*9F*5*E5'F5BF85(9F*5F*5EB'*8BFE*5FB595 E5(9E08FB5'F*5908F5FB58F5'FE*58BEF*5*8*5'F*5FEBF580F5EF58BBBEF5B9(5 8EB9B8F35@F5('E*5'*59(F8FB5'F*58*(FB*5BF EF*5 E+'58''8B5FBBF5F5('8F5FB5'*5 (9E08FB5'F58F35!FBBF598*8B95B8B595(9F5E5BF8580F5F*5(F*9F*509'9B8F*3

!F5*F8E5B8B5'95F58F5'+E8B5,5'85FB95E5!"#$585'5F5*+8((E/8B5(8*5*E5'85 8F598*8B9F''F5F5'+98*F55FBFE*5F5'898B9F5'8B9*598'F*5

*F0F*5FB8E<5F5'+98*F3335"89*5'585(9E05*95F8B35@F(E*5C2245'585B5 F('85(85EF598*8B95F8E9E(5('E*59F''F5 E5*EB5'+98*8B958*B8B0F5E5

!"#$580F5F*5*8B9*59F''F*333595B7*5'9EF5F5BFF5F5BF(*35!F''F55*+F*B5

98'*F5*E5'858B95F5(9'B EF*5F5*EB5('E*5 EF5*E5'F*58*(FB*58BFBEF5FB5(9BFB95 9(8B9F''F35?8*5'F*5'FB*5BF EF*5B8B5F5('8F5'5+/5808B5('E*5EFF3

2F59*5F5('E*55 EF'58((9B580F5'F*5'9F'*5'F*5N5AEBF5'+EB'*8B95+9EB'*5'F*5F5*EB '859E8EB5F*59F*(98B*5*EB5808B5B9EBF*5'F*588B*B EF*5+EF59E8EB5F5 0F'9((FE*55F*5(F*9F*59B0F*5=09'9B8F*>59(BFBF*5BF EFFB5FB5EB'*8BFE*5*E5 'F5BF835A5FB9E0F5',5'F*588B*B EF*5F*59BEBFE*58*5'F50F'9((FFB5F*5'9F'*5 'F*5FB59F5(9E5'+98*8B95*EB5F5*9B5F*5'FB*5BF8B*5(9E5'F5*E7*3 5F6)6+DCDF66CD+*F6562566F F66*FF6+E+/6--6 F6 DF66*FF676D66DCDFC6!100%&100'(

+89F55EF5*(B5F*5'898B9F*5F5FFF58*5'F50F'9((FFB5F5'9F'*3 DEB9E5F5C22F5&+B8*5FBFE5F5'+2#;!5FB595E5FF58B5E5!9B5+AFB8B95F*5

?9/F*5-98B EF*5!A?-5E5!"#$35!F59B5B8B585+'89F5FB5F5FBBF5F59FE0F5 '85(9'B EF5F5'+98B EF5*FB EF58E5!"#$5F58B8B5F*5(9&FB*5*BEBE8B35DE5*F5F5 F5!A?-59E*5809*58B5'F59*B8B5 EF5F5B7*59FE<5'9F'*5*9E0FB5BF EFFB5(9BE*5 FB5908B*5B8FB59BE*58*5'F58F5F5FFF*58*5'F*5'898B9F*35!FB8*5F5F*5 '9F'*59B5EF508'FE5(9B8BF585'*5FBBFB5F5QE0F5F*5*E'B8B*5F5FFF5FB*5F*5 8'9BF*5908BFE*5*9'0FB5'F*5(9'7F*5BF EF*5F5F85FB5+9B5(8*5+ E08'FB35?8*

*9E0FB59*5,5F*5B*8*5(F*9F'5BF(98F5FB59B5'F5BF5+F*B5(8*5'F50F'9((FFB5 '9F'5B7*5=B9(>58(FFB5B*5855(9E5*9EF5E5(9'7F5*FB EF5(*58*5 '+EFF5+E5(9&FB5+E59B8B5T5'*5*9B5(9**'F*5,5E*F5EF5'F5F5FB85F5'+B8B35

85('8F5E5'9F'5'F58E5!"#$ F

"9E*5809*55F59FF5(858F5'85+8'*8B9+5F5FB8*5'9F'*58(7*5E5(FBB5 8((F'5,5(9&FB*35!F5EB5E5*E7*58'5E5EFB59F*BF35;*EBF59E*5809*5(9(9*5'858B9 +EF5EB5= E08'FB5+E5*F0F>5*( EF5(9E5'F5B808'5+8F58E50F'9((FFB5F5

8'*8B95FB5F5E*95F5FB8*5'9F'*35+8B95*+F*B58EBF5',585EB5C2245'85FB95 E5!"#$58585FB5'F5!A?-585B5*E((5*8*5EBF5F('85(85E5 E08'FB3

D5B80F*5FBBF5F<(FF595(FEB5'*BF5'F*5(9B*58'F*5 E59B5 E'5F*B5B7*5'F5F5E*F5 F*5'9F'*5F5'898B9F5EF5*+'*5*9B5908B*5FB5 E5+'*5B9EFB+5

1

-'5F*B5B7*5'F5F59*5F5 E+'58EB5E*F55F5FFB5'F*50F'9((FFB*5*9B5B7*5 9FE<59595F5(FEB5F58'*F5=+F*B5,5F5+FF5(9(F+>5FB5E*F5 E+EF5B7*5 8'F5(8BF35@F5('E*5'*5B9EFB5F*598F*5*FB EF*5B7*50F*5FB5(9BE*35-'58EB5 F*59(BFF*5*FB EF*5*( EF*58*58 EF5*FF5(9E508'EF5'FE5(FBFF35

@F5('E*5'58EB5&EF5F5'85 E8'B58E5*F*598B EF5E59F35!9FB5BF5F5 E5085 EBF5BF**8B5F5 E5F*B5F50F'9((5N5HE50858F5F5B5N5@8*5'F5(9&FB5!A?-595F5

*+B8B5(8*5F9F5(9*5'85 EF*B95*88B5 EF5'85*9'EB95F5*F8B5(8*58'F5,5B9E0F3

F*50F'9((FFB*5*9B5B7*5*9E0FB5F58E08*F5 E8'B58E5*F*50F'9((FFB5

98B EF35!9F5&F5'+85&,5B5F5*9B5*9E0FB5F*5B*8*5*FB EF*5(8*5 98BF*5 E5'F*50F'9((F5*8*5B99'9F559*F'5FB58*5'+EFF35-'*5F5 (FE0FB5(8*5EBF5F59EFB5*BEBE3335@F5('E*5F*5(F*9F*5*9B5F5(8**8F5FB5 '8**FB5'FE50F'9((FFB5F5'+B8B5,5'FE5(8B5*8*5(F*9F5(9E5'F*5*E((9BF3

+F99 EF5FB5'+BF8F5EB'*8BFE5+E5'9F'5F5FFF5*9B5'95+EBF5EF5

(9B5FB5*9B5*9E0FB58'*BF*35A5F*58*(FB*5*9B5B7*5(9B8B58*5'+89(B95+E '9F'3

1

!F5+F*B5(8*5'F5.'F5+E5FFE5F58F5E50F'9((FFB5'9F'55F'85+FBF5(8*58*5 'F*5'FB*5 E508'EFB5*95B808'5FB58**EFB5F*5(99B9*

1

25'898B9F5F5FFF5+F*B5(8*598*5(9E5E*F5E5'9F'5FB5F58**EF5'F5

*E((9B35@F5('E*5F5+F*B5(8*5*85**935;B5'F5B8*FB5F5F*5BLF*5,5EF5*9B5

9F8'F5F*B5*9E0FB5'8BF585'F*5'9F'*5*9B5*9E0FB5B7*5*( EF*5+BF**FB5 EF5F*5'FB*5B7*5'*5FB5'F*5*9B*598B EF*5'8** EF*5*9B58'588(BF*3

@95EF5*5'F5!"#$598*F5(E'58B98'585E595'9F'5B7*5BF**8B585EF5

**958B98'F5FB5+EB'B5(E' EF5 E5'E5(FFBB8B5F5E*F5F5'F5F5 E5F*B50F'9((5 8*5F*5'898B9F*5'85*F5F5(8B EF5F*B5'95+EBF5*('F3

4D6FF-6*ECD/6++6+CFD6D6FFDF6666*FF6FC6 D6D6 F6F-6!100'(6

?5C22459E*5809*5'85'F5(9&FB58B98'592?;59B5'F5(9BFE5F*B5'F5!"#$5*E5'F*5'9F'*5 ,58F58&9B5'F*35F5(9B5*E08B5B5'F5(9&FB35-5&F509E8*5FBBF5F5F<FEF5E5 'FB598FB8'5(9E5'F5('9FFB5E5'9F'5'F58*5'F*58*B8B9*5FB5'F*5 98*F*5(E'*3

DE588F5F592?;5'5F<*B8B5EF5*BEBEF58B98'F5'+D@D;5=DFF5(9E5'F5

@0F'9((FFB5F5'+D*B8B95;'FB9 EF>580F5E509'FB5(99B95E5'9F'5'F58*5'F*

8*B8B9*35F5F5F5*9E0F*5('E*5F*5**9*5F<8BF*5 E+808B5FBBF58FF55F5*F*5

8'*8B9*35?8*5F5C22459E*5'FE5809*5(*FB5'F5(9&FB592?;35-'*5808FB5B5B7*5BF***

FB59E*5808B5F9E85,5'F5'8F5F59E*598B5F*59*F'*5FB5F*5(F*9F*5,59B8BF35!F5

*9EBF5808B5B5(9B8B5(9E59E*585+B8B5EF5F988B959F''F5+EF58FF5 9E0FFFB8'F3585FB95E5!"#$5808B58BFFB58F(B5'F5(9&FB3

?8*5'+D@D;5858(FFB5*(8E58*5 EF5'85(99B95E5'9F'5'F58*5'F*58*B8B9*3

!F'85859*8'FFB58'FB5'F5(9&FB5FB5*8*5F5*9EBF5'58''8B5E'7FFB5908F5'F*5

FB9*5E5!"#$58*5 EF5+8EBF*5FE*5F5*95BEB35A5+8''8B5(8*58*5'F5*F*5F5'85

(9'B EF59E0FFFB8'F59F8B5'F5'9F'3

@8*5'F*598*F*5(E'*5FB5'F*58*B8B9*5E5F**8F59B5E59E0FFFB50F*5'F5 '9F'5'F5F*B59'8B9F5(9E508FB58F589(BF5'F5'F5F5 E5+F*B5(8*5'F58*5F*5F7F*5 8F*35F5!"#$5F*B5E598*F5(E'5FB595'5+/585(8*5+F8FFB5E5!"#$50F*5'F5'F35

@F5('E*5F5(8B5'85*BEBEF5F*5'898B9F*5 E5*9B5(9E5'85('E(8B5<BF5!"#$E0F*B*5FB5 +8EBF*5FBB5'F5!"#$5F5(FEB5(8*5*FE'5(9*F5E59<5BF EF59F5'F5'F35-'58EB5 EF5'85

*95*9B5(*F58E59*58E50F8E5F5B9E*5'F*598*F*5F5FFF5FB5F*5E0F*B*3 1-6++6F+CD6C+E++6DC6D6F66D66D6D& C6B42836!100'&

10"1(

F5(9&FB592?;5999E095'F*59F'*52B'F*5?8KB**5FB5;99 EF*58*5'+F*FFFB5

*E(FE5FB5'85FFF5859**B5,5FBBF5F5('8F5EF5('8BF9F5PF59BF8B5F*5F*(B*5 F5'9F'*5EB'**59E50F'9((*58*5'F*5'898B9F*59E5'F*5E0F*B*58*5 EF5F*5F*(B9*

F5F**9EF*5=9E*5*BF*5UF5*F0F*333>5'*58E<5'9F'*35!F*5F*5*9B5F*5(85F*5 9BEBFE*5EB'*8BFE*59E50F'9((FE*5F5'9F'58*5'+F*FFFB5*E(FE5FB5'85FFF35 +F*F'F5F*B5F<5(85F*59B*5'*580F5EF5*F5,5&9E5E'7F35F5EB5F*B5F5(9(9*F5E5 8B8'9EF5,5&9E5F5'9F'*5,54F5S5'F*5EB'**5F5(9EB958*5'859E8EB595 E+95 (FEB5EB'*F5+*8*5(9'7F+5FB5F5'9F'*50F'9((*5(85FBBF59E8EB5(9E5'F*58F5

98KBF5=EF59B9508'9*8B958E5*F*5'8F>35J589AB5C26C5F5*F0FE5(9(9*F5('E*5F5656225 F*5F*(B0F*580F5(7*5F55F259BEBFE*5FB5'F59F5F59E0F''F*5F*5F*B5+F0956 F5(859*3

+85B5'F5F*(9*8'F5F5F5(9&FB5FB5'F58BFE5F5F5=&F5F'*8*5B9EB5F5 E5B8B5(E'>5F5'85 ('8BF9F5&E* E+F580'5C26C35!+F*B5E595(9*BF5+9*F08B935AEBF5F*5'FB*5B*5808B5 E5*9B58((8E*580F592?;5=(8*5+8((E59F'5E5!"#$58E5'9F'5'F5E'B5F5'85 E*95F5'F5F5'9F'*5F5'898B9F*333>5&+85F**8/5F**9E*5F5'*BF5 EF' EF*5

9*F08B9*5 E5F5(88**FB5BF**8BF*5E5(FE5F5085

1

92?;5+F*B5(8*5EF5(99B95F*5'9F'*5'F*58*5F*5'9F'*5EB'F*58KB**5FB5 99 EF*59F5'F5B5'+89/F35;5FFB5'F5!"#$5+B8B5(8*5F858*5EF5 8F50F*5'F5'F59E*5+809*5(8*585'F5BFF5'F58*5'F595E5(9&FB5FB59E*5 F5'F5FFBB9*5(8*35-'5F*B5C58BEF'5D5 E+E598*F5FBBF5F5('8F5EF5('8BF9F5(9E5 (*FBF5'F*5'9F'*5EB'F*58E<5'898B9F*5 EF5F*5FF*58KB*FB5=+F*B5,5F5 EF5F*

(F*9F*5F5'859E8EB598**FB5F5FB59B5'F5*9EF5F*B5*(9'F>5FB5 E5*9B5 99 EF*5=(9E5EF5'F*5(F*F*>359F*9F5F5(FEB5FFBBF5F58E*F5F*59&FB*5 FB595(9E8B5F5 EF5(9E5B9EB598*F)8*B8B9)FBF(*F5F08B5'F*58F35

!F5*F8B5FB8FFB5FE<58F(B5 EF5F5*F598'*F5*E5'+B EFBBF5'F35!+F*B5EF5 8BBBEF5(88B EF5F*(9*8'F5FB5959B8'F35F5*E7*5F5FBBF5('8BF9F59E*585 99B58*5F5*F*5595858B5'F59588F3585('8BF9F59BFB58*5 EF' EF*5 F*(B9*5F5'9F'*595'F*5F5*8FU8F33358*5B7*5(FE35@8*5'+98*8B95F5 92?;5(9E58F5E5B5F*5'9F'*5,5(*FBF5'5F*B590FE5 EF5'9* E+E59BEBFE5 (9(9*F5F5F5E5'9F'595'F595F8F5*+'5F<*BF5E5(9EB5'F5*'8F5FB5F5 9F5 E8'B55*5F5+F*B5(8*5'F58*5958F(BF5'85(9(9*B935$9595F8F5F5('E*5 (7*5FB595*EBF580F5'F59BEBFE5(9E5*8095(9E E95'5EB'*F5'F5'9F'3335;B595F5

*+F*B5&88*5L580F5E59BEBFE3

1

-'5/585F8E9E(5F59(BFF*5BF EF*5*E5'F*5'9F'*58*5'F*5'898B9F*5FB5'F*5 E0F*B*35F59F5F59BEB9*58*592?;5F*B50'8BFE55'5/585F*5F*5 E5 98**FB5'F*5'9F'*58*5'859E8EB5FB58*5F*598F*5B7*508*35@8*5F5 9BF<BF5(0'5'58EB5B9EB58F5(9E5EBE8'*F5F*59(BFF*35!+F*B5',5F**E*5 E+F*B5 8*592?;5+F*B5'V88B5F5F*59(BFF*5EF*5 E58B5'+BEB5F5'85('8BF9F35

@7*5 E+9585F*59(BFF*5*(F*F*5BF**8BF*5'58EB5'F*5E3

1

@8*5E5(9&FB599(8B5'5F*B5F**8F5 EF5'F*5(F*9F*5 E5(8B(FB5F5FBFB5

85('8F5E5'9F'5'F58E5!"#$ 7

EF' EF59*F35$E592?;5'F58B5 EF58 EF5F5*9FB5*F5(FFB58E59BEBFE5 +EBF59E595F9E35@F*5(F*9F*5(FE0FB58'9*5'F59B8BF5(9E5B808''F580F5'E 8*5'F58F5F50F'9((FFB*5F5(9&FB*5F'85(FEB5'EF58*5*959**F5F587F5' (FEB5EBF50B5,5F*59FF*5(9E5(*FBF5'F5'9F'5 E+'585B3335;B5+F*B5F5 E5*F5 (8**F35!+F*B5EF5F*59* EFF*5(9*B0F*5+8095EF5*8BEF58*58 EF5F3

1

@8*5'F*59<5F5'9F'5'58EB58F598F58E<5(F*9F*5E5BF35DE5(8B5F5 92?;5EF5BF8F5F5'+ E(F5BF EF585B5F5&EF5F''F5EF5F5'85 E8'B5F*5 '9F'*58598BF5F5BF595*808B5R5?8*595+B8B5(8*5EB'*8BFE35A5850BF5 88935!+F*B5EF5FFE35-'58EB58F598F58E59<5F*5(F*9F*5E5BF5 E5 EB'*FB5E5'9F'58*5'FE5B808'5 E9BF5+8EB8B5('E*5*5F''F*5*9B5(EBF*5,5F5FB5,

*F5E59EFB5F*(B5E5'9F'5F5 E5F*B5E5F8FFB5F5'FE5(8B3

1

25'9F'585*9E0FB5F*5EB'*8B9*5(85F*5BF*5F*598F*5*FB EF*5FB*35

;5FFB5'5F*B5*9E0FB58((8E5 E+E5'9F'5EB'*5F5(/* EF5B8B58E**5EB'*5F5*FF*

E8F*58*580F5EF5(8B EF5FB5EF58'B5FBF*35!F'8585*E(*5'F*5FF*5F5 '+ E(F592?;58*5858EFBF5'FE*598**8F*5F509/8B59FB5+8EBF*5EB'*FB 'F5EF5'9F'5 E+FE<35-'5F58EB5(8*5B9(5'9*9F5'F598F5F*5'9F'*3

1

F5'9F'5+F*B5(8*5E59&FB5*('F35@F59FE*F*5F*592?;50FB5'F*5'FF*5 'F*59B*5+8EBFE*5(8B98E<3335F*5'9F'*35!85'5/585E5F*95+98B95FB5 +F<('8B9*35F5'9F'5+F*B5EF5FBB5*('F5FB5B9EB5FFE59E5F*(9*8'F5F5 '898B9F5 E50FEB5E*F5E5'9F'59B5*F5(9*F5F59FE*F*5 EF*B9*5&E EF*3335 985'5F*B59(BFB5FB5 E5F5'+BF**FB5*9E0FB5(8*35!F5*9B58EB8B5F5F*5,5'85 E*935-'*5*F5F8FB55F*BF5 EF5B9EB5F'85F508EB5'85(FF5N

1

;5(*FB8B58*592?;5'F*50F'9((FFB*50F'9((*58*5'F*5'898B9F*59585 B808''5B7*5E'7FFB580F5'F*5*F0F*5F508'9*8B95E5!"#$3599E5F*5*F0F*5'F5 B7F5F5E**BF5*9508'E8B95F*B58*F5*E5'85 E8BB5+8FB5FBF58*5'F*58**F*5 E5!"#$35-'5F*B58*5B7*5'F5F58F59(FF5 E+E5'898B9F5 E5*BEF5E5 '9F'58BEBFFB58*5 E5F*B59E5BF8B98'FFB58 E7F5EF58F58F5F5 8 EF58E5'898B9F5FB595+F*B5EF508'9*8B95= E5(FEB5(FFBBF5+8095F*5

99(8B9*9B8B*5E*BF'*>35@F5('E*5&+85*9E0FB5F**8/5F59BF5,5F*5*F0F*5 E+E5'898B9F5(9E08B58F5F8E9E(5('E*5+8FB5F598B5F*598B9*5*E5E5 '9F'5'F5 E+'5859BE5F58*8B5 EF' EF*50F'9((FFB*5*( EF*58EB9E3335 E+F5 F**8/8B5F50FF5 EF' EF*5'FF*35F597'F599 EF5E5'F5+F*B5(8*59(*5FB5

*85*F5F5QE0F5+F*B5(8*5BF58*5'F58B8'9EF5F*5*9'EB9*5F508'9*8B958*5'85 FFF3

1

+89/8B5F*58EBFE*5UO(F85FB5'85'FF5!!51W5*F'F5EBF5'F597'F5E0F*F'5(9E5 FB8*35F*5F*592?;5*9B5*F*580F5'F595E5'898B9F59E5F5'+E0F*B5F5 '+8EBFE5FB5'FE5'FF5!F8B0F5!99*5F*B51W5"!5"@5+F*B5,5F5(8*5+EB'*8B95 9F8'F5FB5(8*5F598B935!F'8585*E(*5F5B7*59FE<5(99BFE*5E5'F5 9F5*595*+B8B5B9(35!F5+F*B5(8*5E5B9EB5EF5FFE35@8*5EF5F592?;5

EF' E+E5B5E5'9F'5 E+'5EB'*F58*5*95B808'59F5*9580*5F**E*5 EF5'F*5 (9'7F*5 E+'585'F5B EF3335$+'5+B8B5(8*5*58*589/F5*595F5*808B5(8*5985 B808''F5FBBF5(F*9F5F'858E8B5(FE5F508'FE5'F*5B EF*5*F8FB58(FFB5

F8F*3335@8*5E58B'F5985959F5E580*58*5E5'0F5985950F'9((F5F*5F*5'5 F*B598FB8'5+ EF5'+8EBFE5+985'50FB5=FB5'858BF5F5(E'8B9>35!85F5+F*B5 (8B8'35!+F*B5'F58*5+EF5F592?;35A58B5 EF5(9E5FB8*5'+89/8B5F*5 8EBFE*5F5UO(F85 E5F*B5EF5B7*59F5F/'9(F5(858''FE*5F08B5EBF5E5 97'F5E0F*F'5F5(E'8B935"935-'58EB5*F5(9*F5'85 EF*B95(9E58 EF5B/(F5

+98B95F59EFB5 EF5'+95E*F35@F5EF5EF5F5F*B5E5B9EB580F5EF5(8BF5

9B98'B*5EF5(8BF5EB'*8B95EF5(8BF5B EF3335$509E*5+F5(E'FI5 EF5FB8*5

9F8E<585F0FB5+(9BF5 E935@+985'F5"@5F5'85'FF35HE858E5"!5+F*B5E5

F8FFB50*5,50*5F*59BEBFE*35A5F50FEB5(8*5 E+E59BEBFE59E0F5*95 B808'5*E5E5*BF59F8'580F5*9593335FB5F*5FEBF*5(E'B8F*58EB9E35!+B8B5 95(FBB59E(5F5EFE'F5>3

1

92?;5F*B5E5(9EBFE5+98B935;5FFB58 EF5F5F*B5EF58B95

(F*9F''F5F5+F*B5(8*5E59(F59''F5+EF59EFB8B959E5F5(8F*5PF5F5UO(F8 9E5+8EBF*5*BF*35A50F''F5,5FBBF5'F5B98'F5'9*5F*5F'FBEF*35@+8EBF*5*BF*59B5 E EFFB5F5'+88B95+98B9*5F<*B8BF*35!F5*9B5*9E0FB5'F*5('E*50*'F*5FB5'*5

*9B5B*59F597'F5(*59F59&FB5(9B8F35-'5F*B5(9B8B5 E+'5/58B5F*5*BF*

F5(9EB95+98B95F58B935$9595B9EF58(FFB5F59580F5'F*5 EF*598B9*5(8B9EB35DBEF''FFB58E<5FB9E0F5'F*5EF*5(EF*5+8BE8'B*5*E B9E*5'F*5F85+98B955 EF''F5B*BF**F5FB5 EF'58F3

1

92?;5F*B5'5EB'F5FB58B'5EF5'EFF5*E5'+EB'*8B95F*5'9F'*5'F*58*5'F*5 '898B9F*5N5-'5F*B5'F5+8((9BF5EF5(9*F5FF5,58*F5+'FB5*35

"89*5'F59F5+87*5+85F**5+8EFBF5F(E*5'F5EB5FB5'F*59BEB9*5 9BEFB35258EBF58B5FB5F*B50FE59B*5E5F*59&FB*35DE50F8E5E5*B7F5 E59E(F5+F<(FB*59F5F*5B8*5F5'FF*58E(7*5F*5*BEBFE*5*E5B9E*5B/(F*5F5 '9F'*5EB'**58*5'F*5E0F*B*5FB5'F*5'898B9F*5F5FFF35@EB5C26C59E*5 809*590FE580F5F59E(F5 E+E5FF5F592?;5(8B(F5,5'FE5B808'5(9E5'FE5 8((9BF5EF598**8B5F5'+F<*B8B5F5'F5FB5 EF5*E5'FE5*BF5PF5,5.B5F*5'FF*5 9F8'F*55'5/58B5F*5(9BFE*50F*5'F*5F*592?;508B5'F*5'9F'*5'F*5 E08'FB*35!F5F*B5E5F*59&FB*5F592?;55 EF58E<5'898B9F*5'F*5'9F'*5 'F*5 E+'*5(FE0FB5EB'*F5,5'85('8F5F5'9F'*59F8E<5FB5'FE59F5B9EBF*5'F*5 98B9*5(9E5'FE5(FFBBF5F59*3

46CF66D6D66-F6+CFE66DDC6!10"1(

99E58F5F598F5FB5EBF5('E*5'F5F5C266C26C5&+85B585F5**95 E8'B5=8E5*F*5 '8F>55,5BF(*5(8BF'58*5E59*5'898B9F35!F598F5F*B5B7*5BF**8B5*595*8B5(FF5E5 FE'35+858B598F5E59EFB5 E5B5'859F5-$A54226532625(8F*59B5'859B5F FF*595F'35!9AB55755X35859EFB8'*BF5B8B5*BE(8BF5FB5958E**35HE85F5(88''7'F 'F*5#J!59EFB*5 E50FB5'F*5*B88*5BFFB5*9B58BEB*5*(9'F*5F5'F5=&+F585'E 8BBFB0FFB5FB8*5(9E59(FF5FB58F5F*59E*>59585E5F*5'FB*5 E5858B5'F5*E7*5 +BFFB3

4D6.5966C*DF66C,C,66E66 CF6D6FC6!D6D66(

DE5!"#$5EF5@$-5@FB95F*5$/*B7F*5+-98B9585F58F5B9EBF5'+98B EF5 9F8B5'85F*B958*B8B0F587F5FB5'F*5F**9EF*5E8F*35!9F5'85('E(8B5F*5

@$-5'F*59<5BF EF*5*9B5A8'F5$D95?9*9B35;B5'F*5'898B9F*59B59'8B9FFB5 FB8*5'9F'*5F5F*B959E*5(85FBBF5@$-5FB5 E5*9E0FB5F5B9EFB5 EF5*9E*5P9U*5FB5 (89*5(9*FB5-BFFB5;<('9F59F5E EF5808BFE35@958 EF5'898B9F59B580958E 9*5E5 E(FFB5P9U*35!F'85F58'BF5(8*5'F5(8**8F58E<5'9F'*5'F*3

85('8F5E5'9F'5'F58E5!"#$ 4

59654259966B3259663443

F*58B*589B*5808B5*9B5F<B8B5F595(89E*5(9F**9F'5950F*5*(88BF*5FB5

(8B8E<35?8*5'*59B5B59**59F5F*59E(*5F5(9&FBFE*5*E5'+*B9F5FB5*E5F*5*(B*

F5'+F09FFB5FFF5F5'F580F5'F5'9F'5'F5F5F**8/8B5F59F5E5'88F5 FB35-'*5(FE0FB58F5,59(FF5(9E E95'F*5'898B9F*5F5FFF5EB'*FB5 (8BF''FFB5'F*5'9F'*5'F*5FB5E*FB5B7*59FB5'FE5(9EB95'9F'35!+F*B5E5 F*F'F5F58*9*35-'5/585595(8*508FB5F59'E*95,5FB58B'F3

"89*5E5(9B5(9B8B5+85(8*5B58955(85*F*5(9(B*5'F5'9F'5'F5F*B508FB5 B7*5F588(B5,5'85FFF5(E' EF5FB5,5'858F5*FB EF3

99E E95F588(B5,5'85FFF5(E' EF5N5!85EF5F*5**9*598FB8'F*5E5!"#$5F*B5'8 E*95F*598**8F*35$595'+8((' EF58E<5'9F'*50F'9((*58*5E5'898B9F5F'85 (9*F5F5'F*5E*F5F5'F3

99E E95'858F5*FB EF5N5!85F''F5F8F5F5(9E0950F5B9EBF*5'F*5F<(FF*5FB5 F5(9E095'F*5F8F35!F'85(9*F5+EB'*F5E EFFB5F*5'9F'*59B5'F5*9EF5F*B58F**'F5

=(9E50F5F5 E+'*59B5F''FFB>5FB5 E5(FE0FB5EBF5EB'**5=FB50FBEF''FFB588(B*>5 8EB8B5F59*5 E+950FEB5(9E5F(9EF5'+F<(FF3

@958*5'F*5'898B9F*5F5FFF5(E'*595F5F08B5(9EF5FB5EB'*F5E EFFB5F*5

'9F'*5'F*3