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HAL Id: jpa-00225710

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00225710

Submitted on 1 Jan 1986

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THE ORNL ATOM PROBE SOFTWARE PACKAGE

M. Miller

To cite this version:

M. Miller. THE ORNL ATOM PROBE SOFTWARE PACKAGE. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1986, 47 (C2), pp.C2-499-C2-504. �10.1051/jphyscol:1986276�. �jpa-00225710�

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THE ORNL ATOM PROBE SOFTWARE PACKAGE

M.K. MILLER

Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A.

A b s t r a c t - An a t o m p r o b e s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e f o r o n - l i n e c o n t r o l o f t h e i n s t r u m e n t a n d a n a l y s i s o f a t o m p r o b e a n d i m a g i n g a t o m p r o b e d a t a h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d . The p a c k a g e was w r i t t e n t o p r o v i d e t h e maximum

i n f o r m a t i o n t o t h e o p e r a t o r a n d h a s t h e f l e x i b i l i t y t o v i e w t h e d a t a i n t h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e mode f o r t h e t y p e o f a n a l y s i s b e i n g

u n d e r t a k e n . The d a t a may b e d i s p l a y e d i n r e a l time, e i t h e r i n d i v i d u a l l y o r i n c o m b i n a t i o n , a s raw m a s s e s o r t i m e s , i o n - b y - i o n e l e m e n t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , mass o r time s p e c t r a , m u l t i - e l e m e n t

c o m p o s i t i o n p r o f i l e s , l a d d e r d i a g r a m s , c u m u l a t i v e p l o t s a n d c o m p o s i t i o n . The d a t a may a l s o b e a n a l y s e d i m m e d i a t e l y w i t h a u t o c o r r e l a t i o n s , c r o s s c o r r e l a t i o n s , F a s t F o u r i e r T r a n s f o r m s , a n d f r e q u e n c y d i s t r i b u t i o n s o r compared t o p r e v i o u s l y s t o r e d d a t a . A b u i l t i n d a t a b a s e c o n t a i n i n g i s o t o p e a b u n d a n c e s a n d n o r m a l c h a r g e s t a t e s o f a l l e l e m e n t s is a v a i l a b l e f o r e l e m e n t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n .

INTRODUCTION

The ORNL a t o m p r o b e s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e p r o ' v i d e s a c o m p l e t e s e l f - c o n t a i n e d s y s t e m f o r a t o m p r o b e c o n t r o l a n d d a t a a n a l y s i s . The d e s i g n o b j e c t i v e f o r t h e s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e was t o p r o d u c e a c o m p r e h e n s i v e y e t f l e x i b l e a n d e a s i l y u s e d s e t o f p r o g r a m s f o r c o l l e c t i n g a n d a n a l y z i n g a t o m p r o b e d a t a f o r b o t h t h e s p e c i a l i s t a n d i n e x p e r i e n c e d u s e r . The p a c k a g e p r o v i d e s c o n t r o l o f t h e e n e r g y - c o m p e n s a t e d t i m e - o f - f l i g h t mass s p e c t r o m e t e r , t h e i m a g i n g a t o m p r o b e (IAP) t i m i n g s y s t e m a n d mass d i g i t i z e r , a n d t h e p u l s e d l a s e r s y s t e m s . The p a c k a g e was d e s i g n e d t o o p e r a t e on a n IBM PC-AT m i c r o c o m p u t e r u n d e r t h e MS-DOS o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m . The m a j o r i t y o f t h e p a c k a g e i s w r i t t e n i n C w i t h some s p e c i a l i z e d r o u t i n e s , s u c h a s t h e i n t e r f a c e t o t h e CAMAC t i m i n g s y s t e m , w r i t t e n i n 8 0 2 8 6 a s s e m b l y l a n g u a g e f o r s p e e d . However, a s t h e s o f t w a r e c o n f o r m s t o a s t r i c t K e r n i g h a n a n d R i t c h i e s t a n d a r d [ l ] t r a n s p o r t i n g t o o t h e r c o m p u t e r s a n d o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m s s h o u l d r e q u i r e l i t t l e m o d i f i c a t i o n o t h e r t h a n g r a p h i c s s t a t e m e n t s a n d t h e l o w l e v e l CAMAC I n p u t / O u t p u t i n t e r f a c e f u n c t i o n s . A s a n e x a m p l e o f t h i s f l e x i b i l i t y t h e e x a m p l e s p r e s e n t e d i n t h i s p a p e r were o b t a i n e d w i t h a p r o t o t y p e v e r s i o n o f t h i s p r o g r a m r u n n i n g e i t h e r a s t r a i g h t TOF a t o m p r o b e o r a n e n e r g y c o m p e n s a t e d atom p r o b e a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f P i t t s b u r g h u s i n g a C o l u m b i a D a t a P r o d u c t s 1600-4 m i c r o c o m p u t e r .

ON-LINE CONTROL PROGRAM

The main f u n c t i o n s o f t h e o n - l i n e c o n t r o l p r o g r a m a r e t o c o n t r o l a n d m o n i t o r t h e a t o m p r o b e h a r d w a r e [ 2 ] , t o c o l l e c t t h e d a t a f r o m t h e

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1986276

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t i m e - o f - f l i g h t t i m i n g s y s t e m and t h e I A P t r a n s i e n t waveform

d i g i t i z e r , t o d i s p l a y t h e d a t a t o t h e o p e r a t o r i n a f o r m a t s u i t a b l e f o r t h e t y p e o f a n a l y s i s b e i n g u n d e r t a k e n , a n d t o a n a l y z e t h e d a t a . The same p r o g r a m is a l s o c a p a b l e o f r e a n a l y s i n g p r e v i o u s l y c o l l e c t e d d a t a .

The i n t e r a c t i v e p r o g r a m i s menu d r i v e n a n d p r o m p t s t h e u s e r w i t h a l i s t o f o p t i o n s f o r a l l i n f o r m a t i o n r e q u i r e d . The r e a s s i g n a b l e f u n c t i o n k e y s a r e u s e d t o i n t e r r u p t t h e a n a l y s i s t o c h a n g e o p t i o n s . F u l l u s e i s made o f c o l o r t o p e r m i t m u l t i p l e p l o t s on t h e same d i s p l a y .

The raw a n d p r o c e s s e d d a t a may b e o u t p u t t o a d o t - m a t r i x g r a p h i c s p r i n t e r o r t o a d i g i t a l p l o t t e r f o r h a r d copy. The s c r e e n d i s p l a y may a l s o b e s a v e d i n a d i s k f i l e a t a n y t i m e f o r l a t e r c o m p a r i s o n . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e p r o g r a m p e r m i t s d a t a c o l l e c t e d p r e v i o u s l y t o b e a n a l y s e d d u r i n g t h e c o u r s e o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t s o t h a t c o m p a r i s o n s may b e made w i t h o t h e r s p e c i m e n s o r a n a l y s e s . D a t a is s t o r e d o n a h a r d d i s k d u r i n g t h e e x p e r i m e n t a n d may b e t r a n s f e r r e d t o e i t h e r 360kB o r h i g h c a p a c i t y 1.2 M B f l o p p y d i s k s f o r a r c h i v a l s t o r a g e a n d

r e a n a l y s i s . The f o r m a t c h o s e n t o s t o r e t h e d a t a on d i s k i s s u i t a b l e f o r t r a n s f e r t o o t h e r c o m p u t e r s and f o r i n c o r p o r a t i o n w i t h o u t

m o d i f i c a t i o n i n t o o t h e r s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e s s u c h a s s p r e a d s h e e t s e t c . D u r i n g t h e e x p e r i m e n t t h e t i m e - o f - f l i g h t a t o m p r o b e i o n - b y - i o n d a t a may b e d i s p l a y e d i n r e a l t i m e i n t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m a t s f o r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f a n a l y s e s :

1 ) L i n e a r o r s e m i l o g a r i t h m i c m a s s s p e c t r a 2 ) Time s p e c t r a

3 ) M u l t i - e l e m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n p r o f i l e s - e i t h e r b l o c k o r p l a n e f o r m a t 4 ) L a d d e r d i a g r a m s o f o n e s e l e c t e d s p e c i e s a g a i n s t a s e c o n d s p e c i e s 5 ) C u m u l a t i v e p r o f i l e s o f a s e l e c t e d s p e c i e s a g a i n s t t o t a l i o n s 6 ) S e q u e n t i a l i o n - b y - i o n e l e m e n t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a n d c o m p o s i t i o n 7 ) S e q u e n t i a l m a s s - t o - c h a r g e r a t i o s a n d number o f p u l s e s

8 ) S t a t u s , c o m p o s i t i o n a n d raw d a t a d i s p l a y .

E x a m p l e s o f s c r e e n dumps t o t h e p r i n t e r d u r i n g a c c u m u l a t i o n o f d a t a f o r a m a s s s p e c t r u m , a t i m e s p e c t r u m , a l a d a e r d i a g r a m , a n d a c u m u l a t i v e p l o t a r e shown i n f i g u r e s 1 t o 4 r e s p e c t i v e l y . The c o m p o s i t i o n p r o f i l e s and s e q u e n t i a l e l e m e n t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n may b e d i s p l a y e d i n e i t h e r a d e p t h - m o n i t o r e d p l a n e f o r m a t o r i n b l o c k s o f a f i x e d number o f i o n s . The i d e n t i t y o f a n i o n i s d e t e r m i n e d f r o m a s e t o f r a n g e s w h i c h a r e i n p u t e i t h e r m a n u a l l y o r f r o m t h e d a t a b a s e . C o m p o s i t i o n s may b e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e s p e c t r a u s i n g t h e s e same r a n g e s .

When s u f f i c i e n t i o n s h a v e b e e n c o l l e c t e d t h e d a t a may b e f u r t h e r a n a l y s e d o n - l i n e by o n e o r more o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e e d u r e s : a u t o c o r r e l a t i o n s , c r o s s c o r r e l a t i o n s , F a s t F o u r i e r T r a n s f o r m s , o r f r e q u e n c y d i s t r i b u t i o n s . T h e s e s t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e d u r e s p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n on p a r a m e t e r s s u c h a s c l u s t e r i n g , c l u s t e r o r p r e c i p i t a t e s i z e , c h a r a c t e r i s t i c d i s t a n c e m e a s u r e m e n t s , a n d

s e g r e g a t i o n . T h e s e a n a l y s e s e n a b l e t h e d a t a t o b e c h e c k e d p r i o r t o r e m o v a l o f t h e s p e c i m e n . E x a m p l e s o f a s m o o t h e d c o m p o s i t i o n p r o f i l e a n d a n a u t o c o r r e l a t i o n a n a l y s i s o f a c o m p o s i t i o n p r o f i l e a r e shown i n f i g u r e s 5 a n d 6.

T h e p r o g r a m a l s o h a s a F I M a n d a n IAP mode. T h e FIM mode d i s p l a y s t h e c u r r e n t s p e c i m e n v o l t a g e s a n d a l s o m o n i t o r s t h e a l i g n m e n t o f t h e

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F i - g u r e 1 . Example of a s c r e e n dump of a Mass S p e c t r u m t o t h e p r i n t e r .

DC Uoltage = 13988 U Pulse Voltage = 2195 V Total Number of Ions = 2447

Nunber of Ions T I M E S P E C T R U M

Tine ( nioroseconds )

F i g u r e 2. Example o f a s c r e e n dump o f a Time s p e c t r u m .

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

Figure 3. Example of a Ladder Diagram.

270 260.

250.

240 230.

220.

210 200.

190.

180 170.

160.

1 5 8 140.

130.

1 2 8 110.

100.

9 0 . 80.

70 6 0 . 50.

40.

30- 20.

10

Chromium L A D D E R D X A G R A M

Cr-enriched region . -

- -

Cr-enriched rcgion

-

Fe-rich rcsion -

' 0 f ' 56 186 ' i 5 6 ' . i m i ' . 256 306 5 % ~ . 400 . 4 9 9 ' . 500 . 559' ' ' . I son

C h m i u m

270 C U M U L A T X V E PROFILE

Figure 4 . Example of a Cumulative Profile.

260.

230:

220 210.

70.

60.

5 0 . 40 38- 20 l 0

:

Fe

-

28.5% C r

-

10.6% CO Chronindur I1 Aged 192 hours at 525 C

i

.

CP depleted region

-

-

t.

0ad58 re8 158 i e b . 258 ' ' 388. 358 ' 408 ' 458. ' 588 ' 5 5 8 . '

Total Number of Ions

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l

40 6 0

DISTANCE (nm)

Figure 5. Example of a Composition Profile outpus on the plotter.

Figure 6. Example of an Autocorrelation analysis of a Composition Profile output to the plotter.

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

m a s s s p e c t r o m e t e r a n d p e r m i t s a d j u s t m e n t o f t h e e n e r g y - c o m p e n s a t i n g l e n s v o l t a g e r a t i o c o n s t a n t s . The IAP mode a l l o w s t h e o p e r a t o r t o s e t a d y n a m i c a l l y a d j u s t e d t i m e d e l a y i n o r d e r t o i m a g e a g i v e n s p e c i e s f o r a n e l e m e n t a l map a n d t r a n s f e r m a s s s p e c t r a f r o m t h e t r a n s i e n t w a v e f o r m d i g i t i z e r C21 f o r a n a l y s i s .

DATA BASE

--

W i t h t h e m a s s r e s o l u t i o n a f f o r d e d by t h e new g e n e r a t i o n o f e n e r g y c o m p e n s a t i n g mass s p e c t r o m e t e r s i t h a s become f e a s i b l e t o u s e a d a t a b a s e f o r a u t o m a t i c e l e m e n t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . The s y s t e m t h e r e f o r e h a s a c c e s s t o a d a t a b a s e c o n t a i n i n g t h e a b u n d a n c e s o f a l l n a t u r a l l y o c c u r r i n g i s o t o p e s o f t h e e l e m e n t s , t h e i r o b s e r v e d c h a r g e s t a t e s , a n d t h e i r a t o m i c number and w e i g h t . The d a t a b a s e a l s o i n d i c a t e s w h e t h e r t h e e l e m e n t f o r m s m o l e c u l a r i o n s . A s e t o f s i m u l a t e d f i e l d i o n m i c r o g r a p h s f o r t h e u s u a l o r i e n t a t i o n s o f t h e common c r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e s is a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r r e c a l l by t h e c o n t r o l p r o g r a m t o a s s i s t i n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f m i c r o g r a p h s .

OTHER SOFTWARE

I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e o n - l i n e c o n t r o l p r o g r a m t h e s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e c o n t a i n s p r o g r a m s f o r s i m u l a t i o n o f f i e l d - i o n m i c r o g r a p h s , f o r s i m u l a t i o n o f c o m p o s i t i o n p r o f i l e s , a c o n v e r s i o n p r o g r a m f r o m a t o m i c t o w e i g h t p e r c e n t , a n d f o r i n t e r a c t i v e t e s t i n g o f t h e CAMAC m o d u l e s o f t h e t i m i n g s y s t e m and t h e c o m p u t e r . The p a c k a g e a l s o c o n t a i n s a f u l l c o m p l e m e n t o f e d i t o r s , word p r o a e s s o r s , s p r e a d s h e e t s , C, BASIC, F o r t r a n a n d P a s c a l c o m p i l e r s , C a n d BASIC i n t e r p r e t e r s a n d a s s o c i a t e d u t i l i t y p r o g r a m s f o r a s e l f - c o n t a i n e d e n v i r o n m e n t .

A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s

The a u t h o r t h a n k s D r . S.S. B r e n n e r f o r u s e o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f P i t t s b u r g h a t o m p r o b e s f o r t e s t i n g t h e p r o t o t y p e v e r s i o n s o f t h e s o f t w a r e a n d t i m i n g s y s t e m s . R e s e a r c h s p o n s o r e d by t h e D i v i s i o n o f M a t e r i a l s S c i e n c e s , U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f E n e r g y , u n d e r c o n t r a c t DE-AC05-840R21400 w i t h M a r t i n M a r i e t t a E n e r g y S y s t e r s , I n c .

REFERENCES

1 . K e r n i g h a n , B.W. a n d R i t c h i e , D.M. "The C p r o g r a m m i n g l a n g u a g e n 1978, pub. P r e n t i c e - H a l l , N e w J e r s e y .

2 . M i l l e r , M.K. t h e s e p r o c e e d i n g s .

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