• Aucun résultat trouvé

DASC cache: dealing with cache access time and virtual indexing

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "DASC cache: dealing with cache access time and virtual indexing"

Copied!
7
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00074589

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074589

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

DASC cache: dealing with cache access time and virtual indexing

André Seznec

To cite this version:

André Seznec. DASC cache: dealing with cache access time and virtual indexing. [Research Report]

RR-2082, INRIA. 1993. �inria-00074589�

(2)

ISSN 0249-6399

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET AUTOMATIQUE

DASC cache: dealing with cache access time and virtual indexing

Andr´e Seznec

N˚ 2082

Octobre 1993

PROGRAMME 1

Architectures parall`eles, bases de donn´ees, r´eseaux et syst`emes distribu´es

(3)
(4)

)

+*%,-. /.

0214365%7

8:9;8=<

1

8?>A@

B%CEDGFHCJIK2KML!NPORQ CJSET?UWVXL+SYVXZ?CEL[\]IC^I_W_a`L_WL[+b=c]Id[XL[e=Lfe=DHg?ghLLi[+b?C?hL[XLjIZ=kLV [Xl=[XV+`LKML[ emUn[EVXCEUncoZphL[

B%CED+q^LVrI_sS^\]IdC

t Id\?\]DHCXV e=LCEL+SET?LCJSET?LguwvGxHyGvzOR{S^VXDHc?CXLMNj|G|H}ORvH~\]IFHL[

€ƒ‚i„j…†]‡„Hˆ!‰Šg‹IPKMUsS^CEDG\?CEDmSYL[X[EDGC+bHVXToLpSIHSET?LT?UWV6VEUnK2L%FGLg?LiCJI_W_Wlfe=LiVXLCEKMUWg?L[%VXToLpS^_WD?SEŒŽCEL+HZ?Lg]S^l=

‘’Z?V“DGCVXT?LVXLig_sI[XVlGLjICX[jb]IVEL+SET?g?DG_WDHFGUsSI_”VXCELg]e"UW[VET?LUng”S^CXL+Id[XL!Dd•VET?L!SIGSET?L!K2UW[X[\]Lg”I_WVŠlUWg

VELCXK2[–Dd—UWg?[XVECXZ]SYVXUWDGgUW[X[XZoL‹e=Li_˜Ijl=[j™;VXT?Lig:KIUWg=VJIdUWg?Ušg?FVXToL‹SIHSET?LKMUW[X[C^IVEUnD"I[_WD›œI[\”DG[X[EUWc?_WL

UW[I_W[XDD \]IdCXVEU˜SYZ?_sICUng=VELCXL[EV+-?DHC‹IžŽL›ŸlGL+IdCX[+b’VXT?LiCXLT]Id[fc”LLg-g=Z?K2LCXDHZ?[f[EVXZ]emUnLi[ŽD?S^Z?[XUWg?F

DHg I._WD›¡SIHSXToLT?UWVVXUWKML›ToUn_WL2KIUWg=VJIdUWg?UWg?F"_nD›¢SIGSET?L"KMUW[E[fC^IVXUWD”¤£Pg=ŽDGCEVXZ?g”IVXLi_nl¥KMDH[XV!Dd

VET?Lf\oCXDG\”DG[EL+e[XDH_WZ?VXUWDGgo[ UWKM\?_WUsS^UWVX_Wl[XZ?\o\]DH[XLVXT]IdV–VET?LSIGSET?LUW[–¦=UWCXVEZ]I_W_WlMUWg]emL^k?L+e;§AT?LigZ?[XUWg?F

¦=UWCXVEZ]I_W_Wl"Ung”e=L^k?L+eSIGSET?L[jb%VXT?LDG\”LC^IVXUWg?F"[Elw[EVXLK¨“DGCKIjl2c]L[XDHKML![E\]L+SYUš©;ST]IdCJe=›ICEL+ª T]I[VXD

K"Ig]IdFGL VET?L!S^DGgo[XUW[XVELg]S^l"D—SIHSET?L[–Idg]e2KMLK2DGCElw

‰ŠgVXT?UW[%\]I\”LCjb›—L\?CEDG\”DG[XLVET?L« UWCEL+S^VЬŠKId\?\”L+eQ–SiS^L[X[­=LV®¬®Id[X[EDmSYU˜IdVXUW¦GLrT?L+SEŒfSiIGSET?L¨a«PQ–­?rª

ŽDHC!IGe?e=CEL[X[EUWg?F"c]DHVXT:e=U°¯S^Z?_WVXUWL[j!{ g:I"«Q­?r±SIGSET?LHb6VET?L‹SiIGSET?LMICECJIjl"UW[!e=UWCXL+S^V®¬aK"I\?\”L+e"VET?Lg

VET?L–SIHSET?L T?UWV4VEUWKMLUn[’_nD›!bdc?Z?V—Id[4VXT?L VJIdFfICECJIjl!UW[4[ELVЬXI[E[XD?S^UsIVEUn¦HLGbVXT?L L^k?VXLCEg]I_;K2UW[X[%CJIdVXUWDUn[’VXT?L

[^IKMLI[ VET?LKMUW[X[C^IVXUWD2DpI[XLV®¬®Id[X[XD?S^UsIdVXUW¦GLSIGSET?LH§AT?LgVET?L[XUW²LDpIdg³I[E[XD?S^UsIVEUn¦=UWVŠle=LFHCXLL

Dd•VXToL VJIdF‹IdCXC^IjlfUW[VXUWL+eVEDfVET?L K2UWg?UWKZ?K´\”IFGL [XUW²LGb?I2µj¶s·^¸Š¹mºd»s»š¼UWg]e=LYkmLjeM«Q­?rASIHSET?L!S^DGCECXL+S^VE_Wl

T]Idg]e=_WL[I_W_½emUš¯SYZ?_WVXUWL[ I[E[XD?S^UsIVEL+e2›UWVXTSIGSET?LS^DGg?[EUW[XVXLig]S^l=

¾%C^IGS^L!e=CEUn¦HLgM[EUWKZ?_sIVXUWDHg?[%[XT?D›¿VXT]IdV+bHŽDHCpSiIGSET?L![EUn²iL[UWgMVXToL–C^Ig?FHLDpNj~j¬X}Gv!À c=l=VXL[Ig]e‹ŽDGC

S^ZoCXCXLigwVK2UWg?UWKfZ?K¿\]IdFGL[XUW²L UWgVXT?L CJIgoFGL Ád¬®yHÀ cwl=VEL[+bHZ?[XUWg?FI!«Q­?r-SIGSET?L Un[I¦GI_WZ]Idc?_WL—VECJIGemL^¬

Dd¤c”L+SIZo[XLMUWV!I_W_WD›[ aI[EV!SIGSET?L2T?UWV–VEUWKMLIg]e._WD›ÃSIHSXToLKMUW[X[CJIdVXUWD"›T?UW_WL‹SIHSET?LMS^DGgo[XUW[XVELg]S^l

K"Ig]IdFGLK2Lg=V4UW[—\”LCŠ“DGCXK2L+e2c=lMT]IdCJe=›ICELG

Ä2Å=Æ;ÇXÈ!ɔ…GÊ%‚ˆ-SIGSET?L!ToUnVVXUWK2LGbGK2UW[X[CJIVEUWD]b=¦=UWCXVXZ”I_W_WlfUWg]e=LYkmLjeSIGSET?LHb]SIHSXToLfS^DGgo[XUW[XVELg]S^l

ËsÌÍ

ÎaϊÐ+Ñ

Í

΃ҕÓWϊԊÕ^Ö

הØÙšÚ;Û]ÜYݎÞÛ]ßÚáàGß^݊âsٚß^ãäãšå’Úsæàà=Ü^Ýaâ“çXè’éå ê”ë6ì•íîWï]ì6êoðsñòë6ó!ô

õ

ڎçEöŠ÷GçEøJùáÙäݎٚړßúû°Ý

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes

IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex (France) T´el´ephone : (33) 99 84 71 00 – T´el´ecopie : (33) 99 38 38 32

(5)

Y /"!f$’", +4' $ X $

Åm‚Å¿ˆ «Igo[MS^L"CJI\o\]DHCXV+b%goDGZ?[\?CXDH\]DH[XDHg?[_WLMKMD?e;`Li_nLMemLžSiIGSET?L«Q­?r¢¨a« UWCXLjS^VЬŠKId\?\]Lje

QSS^L[E[z­mLVЬŠQ [E[XD?S^UsIVEUn¦HLfrT?L+SEŒ?ª

«Idg?[%Z?g‹SiIGSET?L «Q­?rbj_WL—V^Ic?_WL+IdZ‹e=Li[—e=DGgogphLL[L[XVe=UWCXL+S^V®¬aK"I\?\”L+eVJIdg]e=UW[4GZoL—_WLVJIco_nLjIZe=L[

h

LVEUsGZoLVXVEL[¨X¸XºƒªòL[EVpId[X[EDmSYU˜IdVXU°;\]IC4Lig?[XLKco_nLi[+GrL+SYU]\”LCXK2LV—e=L\oCXD©”VXLCe Z?gVXLK2\?[4e äIGSS`Li[pIdZ

SIHSET?LfVEC+`L[ c]I[¨“VJIdc?_WL+IZ³emLzemDGg?ghLiL[!e=UWCXL+S^V®¬aK"I\?\”L+e?ªV^Ig]emUn[ HZ?L_nLV^IZ=ke XhL+SET?L+S^[[XZoC _WL!SIGSET?L

L[EV K"IUWg=VXLg=ZVXC+`L[ c”I[+

! Z]Idg]e_"äI[E[XD?S^UsIj¦=UWV?hLe=ZMV^Ic?_WL+IdZe=L VJIFH[—Li[XV Iq^Zo[XV?hLiLzemL VXLi_n_WL[[XDHCXVEL[ HZ?L _sIV^IUW_W_nL Id[X[EDmSYU+hLiL`I

Z?ge=LFGC?hLpe#Id[X[EDmSYU˜IdVXUW¦=UWV?hL%[XDHUnVò_sIVJIUW_W_WL%KMUWg?UWKfZoK e#Zog?L4\]IdFGLGbi_$Z?VEUW_nUW[^IVXUWDHg e Z?g?L4[EVXCXZ”S^VXZ?CEL «Q­?r

\”LCXK2LV—e UWg]e=LYkmLiC4_WLVJIco_nLjIZMe=L[e=DGg?ghLL[Ij¦GL+S_"äIGe=CEL[X[EL ¦=UWCXVEZ?L_W_WLLV4_WLVJIdc?_WL+IZe=L[VJIdFG[—Ij¦HL+S_WL

ehLi\?_sIGS^LK2Lg=V•e?Idg?[6_sI\]IdFGLGrL+SYUw\”LCEKMLV%e=L—\oCXD©”VXLC `I_sI’ŽDGUW[%e=L[•Ij¦GIdg=VJIFHL[•emL4_"UWg]emL^k]IFGL%¦=UWCXVEZ?L_

¨“\]I[e=LVXC^IGe=Z]SYVXUWDGgMe äIHe=CXL[E[XL!Ij¦GIg=V4_"äIGSiS `L[IZSiIGSET?L+ªLVe=L _$UWg]e=LYkoIdFGL\?T=l=[XUsHZ?L¨ŽKIdUWgwVELg]Idg]S^L

IdZ?VXDHKIVEUsGZoL e=L!_sIfSYDGg?[EUn[EVXLg”S^L‹emL[–e=DHg?ghLLi[–e?Idg?[_WL–SIHSXToL+ª

(6)

f4*2,

‰Šg"IKMUsS^CEDG\?CEDmSYL[X[EDGC+bHVXToL–SIHSXToL T?UWV4VEUnK2L—FHLg?LC^I_W_Wl‹emLVXLCEKMUWg?L[’VXT?LS^_WDmSEŒŽCXLjGZoLg]S^l"!~#XG‘’Z?V’ŽDGC

VET?LVXLg2_˜Id[XVlGL+IdCX[jbwIVXL+SET?goDG_WDGFHU˜SiI_”VXCXLig]eUW[VXT?L Ung”S^CXL+Id[XLD6VET?L!SIGSET?LK2Un[E[%\]Lg”I_WVŠlUWgVXLCEKM[4Dd

UWg?[EVXCXZ”S^VXUWDGgUW[X[EZ?Lfe=L_sIjl=[+™”VET?LgKIUWg=VJIdUWg?Ušg?FVXT?LSIGSET?LKMUW[E[—C^IVXUWD"I[ _WD›±I[ \]DH[X[XUWc?_WL!UW[I_W[XDDd

\]IdCXVEU˜SYZ?_sICUng=VELCXL[EV$!WN+x#X=?DHCpIzŽL› lGL+IdCX[+boVXT?LiCXLT]I[c”LLg"g=Z?K2LCXDHZ?[—\oCXDG\”DG[EUWVXUWDGg?[D6[EVXCEZ]S^VXZoCXL[

ŽDHC!DGgm¬®SET?UW\:SIGSET?L[ŽD?S^Z?[EUWg?FDGgCXLjIGSET?UWg?F³I2_WD›ÃSIHSET?LMT?UWVVXUWK2Lf›T?UW_WLKIUWg=VJIdUWg?UWg?Ff_WD› SIGSET?L

K2Un[E[—C^IVEUnD%!ävGv=b”}?b;N+x=b”v?b'&(#®

Q KMDHg?F!VXToL[XL![EVXCEZ]S^VXZoCXL[jb;VXT?L[XVXCEZ]S^VEZ?CXL[c]Id[XL+e2DHgVET?L!Z?[ELD—IfemUnCEL+S^V®¬aK"I\?\”L+e"SIGSET?Li[–Ig”e

\”DG[E[XUWc?_WLpId_WVXLCEg]IVEL—_WD?SIVEUWDGg?[òUngVXT?LSIGSET?LUWVX[EL_°]DGCòDGgVXT?L[JIdKML4SET?UW\)!WN+x=bv?b*&+#=UWKM\?_WUsS^UWVX_Wl[XZo\?\]DH[XL

VET]IVVET?LfSIHSXToL!UW[—¦=UWCXVEZ]I_W_WlUWg]e=L^k?L+e;

§ T?Lg Zo[XUWg?F:¦=UWCXVXZ”I_W_Wl³UWg]e=LYkmLje¤SiIGSET?L[jb—VET?L"DG\”LCJIdVXUWg?F[Xl=[XVELK ¨ŽDHCKIjlc”L[EDGKML[E\]LjS^U°©½S

T]IdCJe=›ICEL+ª T]I[VEDMKIdg]IFHL VET?L‹SYDGg?[EUn[EVXLg”S^l³Dd—SIGSET?L[Ig]e"K2LKMDHCXl;™dŽDGC Lg=ŽDHCJS^UWg?F2VXT?UW[!S^DGgo[XUW[Ь

VELg]S^l=b6I2[XUWFGgoUš©;SIg=V \”ICXVDd—VXT?L\”DGVXLigwVEUsI_4\”LCŠ“DGCXK"Ig]SYL!KIjl2c]L›pId[XVEL+eUWg[XZ]SETKIdg]IFHLKMLg=V

DHgžId\?\?_WUsSIVEUWDGg?[[XT]IdCXUWg?F\]IdFGL[j

‰ŠgVET?UW[6\]Id\]LCjbj›—L4\oCXDG\”DG[EL4VXToL—« UnCEL+S^V®¬aK"I\?\”L+eQSS^L[E[ƒ­mLVЬXI[E[XD?S^UsIVEUn¦HL—rT?L+SEŒfSiIGSET?L¨Š«Q–­orª™

DHg I«PQ–­?r SIHSET?LMVET?LVJIdFžIdCXC^Ijl³UW[[XLV®¬®Id[X[EDmSYU˜IdVXUW¦GL2›T?UW_WLfVET?LSIHSET?LMICECJIjlUn[e=UWCXL+S^V®¬aK"I\?\”L+e;

¾T?Lig³VET?L!T?UWVVXUWK2L–DHg"VXT?L«Q­?r´SiIGSET?LUn[VET?L[JIK2L–Id[ DGgIe=UWCXL+S^V®¬aK"I\?\”L+eSiIGSET?LG”Q _WVELCXg]IdVXL

_WD?SIVEUWDGg?[VXDe?IdVJI2ICXL\oCXD¦=Use=L+e.Ung.VXT?LM«PQ–­?r SIGSET?LGbác?Z?VfId[–VET?LVJIFIdCXCJIjl.Un[[ELVЬXI[E[XD?S^UsIVEUn¦HLGb

Id_n_;VET?L[EL!_WDmSiIVXUWDHg?[ ICELzSET?LjSXŒHL+eIdVVXT?L[JIdKML VXUWKMLG

§ T?LgVET?LM«Q­?r±SIGSET?LT”I[ [EUW²LM­;b;Ig]ežVXT?LK2UngoUnKZ?K \]IdFGL[XUW²LUn[!B%b;SET?D=DG[EUngoF¨a­-,GB4ªI[

VET?Le=LFGCELL"D–Id[X[XD?S^UsIdVXUW¦=UnVŠl.D–VET?LMV^IF³IdCXC^Ijl Id_n_WD›[!VEDZ?[ELVET?L«PQ–­?r SIHSET?L"›UnVET I¦=UWCXVEZ]I_

UWg]e=LYkáboc?Z?V›UWVXT"I_W_;VXToLfIGe=¦GIdg=VJIFHL[DƒI\oTwl=[EU˜SiI_;UWg]e=L^k?L+e.SIGSET?LG

¾ToL CXLiKIUWg]emLC4D6VET?L \”I\”LCUW[—DHCXFwIdg?UW²L+eId[4ŽDH_W_nD›[j‰ŠgM[EL+S^VEUnDHgvobG›L CEL+SI_W_;[EDGKML\oCXL¦=UWDGZ?[

\?CEDG\”DG[EUnVEUWDGg?[D•SIHSET?L [EVXCXZ”S^VXZ?CEL[ ›ToDG[XLS^DGK2KMDHg!FGD=I_?UW[VXD!CEL+IGSETMc”DGVETM_WD›¤SiIGSET?LT?UWV4VXUWK2L4¬“ŽDGC

Lg”Ic?_WUWg?FMToUnFHTS^_WDmSEŒ[E\]LiL+eH¬b6Ig]ež_nD›±SIHSXToLKMUW[X[C^IVXUWD¬“ŽDGC KMUWg?UWKUW²UWg?F!\”LCŠ“DGCXK"Ig]SYL!_WDG[X[e=Z?L

VEDKMUW[X[ \]Lig]I_WVXUWL[®¬Yá¾T?Lg6bòUWg³[EL+S^VXUWDHg }?b;›Lf[ET?D› VXT?LMemCJIj›c]IHSXŒ=[!Ddp¦=UWCXVEZ]I_W_Wl"UWg]e=L^k?L+e:SIHSET?L[

Idg]e"\”DGUWg=V DGZoV VXT”IV–IdKMDHg?FfVET?L\?CXDH\]DH[XUWVXUWDGgo[ _WUW[XVXLje"UWg[XL+SYVXUWDGg:v?boDGg?_Wl"VXT?L\?CXDH\]DH[XUWVXUWDGgo[ c]Id[XL+e

DHgDH\?VXUWK2Un[EVXUsSL^k?L+S^ZoVXUWDGg³Id[X[EDmSYU˜IdVXL+e2›UWVXTI[XLV®¬®Id[X[EDmSYU˜IdVXUW¦GLSIGSET?LfId_W_nD›-\?T=l=[XUsSId_6UWg]e=LYkmUWg?F”

¾ToLg³UWg[EL+S^VEUnDHg³Á”b”›—L\?CXLi[XLg=V!VET?L‹«PQ–­?r±SiIGSET?LDGCXF=Ig?UW²+IdVXUWDGgò™?›Lf\]IdCXVEU˜SYZ?_sICX_Wl"[XToD›±T?D›

Z?[EUWg?FIM«Q­?r±SIHSXToL[XVXCEZ]S^VEZ?CXL2KIjlMI_W_WD›¿_nD›œSiIGSET?LT?UWV–VEUWKMLGbo_nD›±SIHSXToLKMUW[X[C^IVXUWD”b]¦=UWCXVEZ]I_

UWg]e=LYkmUWg?F†-.ƒÊ:IdgIdZ?VXDHKIVEUsST]IC^e=›pIdCXL!K"Ig]IdFGLK2Lg=V%DƒSiIGSET?LfS^DHg?[XUW[EVXLg]SYlw

¾%C^IGS^Le=CXUW¦GLig[XUWKZ?_sIVEUnDHg!CXLi[XZ?_WVX[ICEL FHUn¦HLgUWg[XL+SYVXUWDGg"~?™HVXT?L[ELCXL[EZ?_WVX[VXLig]eVED![XT?D› VXT]IdV%ŽDGC

[EUn²iL[fDdPSiIGSET?L[!UWgVXT?LNj~j¬X}Gv2À c=l=VXLi[fC^Ig?FHL‹Idg]e.ŽDGC!I2KMUWg?UWKZ?K&\]IdFGL[XUW²LUWgVXT?LÁd¬®y"À c=lwVEL[

C^Ig?FHLGb?VET?Lf«Q­?rASIHSET?L!DGCEFwIdg?UW²+IVEUnDHgMUW[ I\]IdCXVXUsS^Zo_˜IdCX_WlUWg=VXLCEL[XVEUngoFe=L[EUWFGg"VXC^IGe=L^¬ŠDÂ4]­mL+S^VXUWDHg0/

[EZ?KMK"ICXUW²Li[—VET?UW[[XVXZ”e=lw

1 32’,fz—" !P ' ‹ ' +$%$

‰Šg¥VXT?UW[[XLjS^VXUWDGgòb%›—L2CXL+SId_W_[XDGK2L\?CXLi¦wUWDHZ?[\?CXDH\]DH[XUWVXUWDHg?[!D!SIGSET?L"[EVXCXZ”S^VXZ?CEL[“DGCI_W_WD›UngoF_WD›

SIHSET?L!T?UWVVXUWK2L Ig]e2_WD›´SIHSXToL!KMUW[X[CJIdVXUWD]

(7)

Á ·

‰Šg"VET?UW[—\]Id\]LiC+b”›—L[ET]I_W_6IGemDG\?VVXT?L[JIK2L–e=LY©]g?UWVXUWDGgo[ I[UW_W_”Ung !ä~#

.“„ŽÉ . 'Jº' =¶W¸¸a¶!¸' i»nºd¼· ^¸“¸Š¶ ^º º Hºj¸Xº!·"¢¸'Jº'

ºw¶W¸$#

.“„ŽÉ .%& '$^º º ¸Š¶('¶ ¸'fºdµ(i·Jº »Wº¼)*d· Y¸Ž¸Š¶ +^º º ¸®º,·"

¸ ^º -#

Q±CEDGZ?FHTMK2DmemL_WUn²jIVXUWDHgD•VET?L^º º ¸Š¶UW[*

'/.02143+576*6(8)9;:<>=@?BA"C ¨JN+ª

›T?LiCXLD3E5F66UW[VXT?LKMUW[E[—C^IVXUWDIg]eG9;:<>=@?BA"CUW[VXT?LIj¦GLC^IFGL \]Lig]I_WVŠlM\”IUseDHgžIK2UW[X[+

¾ToL!KMUW[X[\”Lg]Id_WVŠl\”IUse"›T?LgIGSS^Li[X[XUWg?F"VET?LfLYkmVELCXg”I_4K2LKMDHCXlT?UWLCJIdCJSET=l³e=D=L[g?DGVe=L\”Lg]e

DHg VXToLSIHSXToL[EVXCEZ]S^VXZoCXLGb’c?Z?VKIUWg?_Wl"DGg:VET?LemL[XUWFGg¥D VET?LMK2LKMDHCXl"[Xl=[XVELK³ò¾T?Lg-L^Â;DGCEVX[UWg

SIHSET?LMe=L[EUnFHgT]Ij¦HL!VXD"c”L!ŽD?S^Zo[XL+e.DGgc”DGVET³CEL+e=Z]SYUngoFVET?LfSIHSET?LMIGSSYL[X[!VEUWKML;

Ig]e"VET?LSIGSET?L

K2Un[E[—C^IVEUnD3+5766G

H/IKJ LNMOQPSRUTWVYX[Z]\\^P`_aR>Z]RQbPScedfghiR>Z]RQb!PjbMkTlTmMKX[P

‰Šg !ä~(#®bUUW_W_•IdCXFGZoL+e"VXT”IV+b”UWg"KMDH[XVKMUsS^CEDG\?CED?S^L[X[EDGC!e=L[EUWFGg?[jb]VET?LfSIHSET?LfToUnV VXUWKML!e=LiVXLCEKMUWg?L[ VXT?L

S^_WD?SEŒMDdƒVET?L[Xl=[XVELKn=UWg"KMDH[XV4K2UsS^CXDH\?CXD?S^L[E[XDHCX[+b”VET?L!SIGSET?L!ToUnVVEUWKMLUW[ I![EUWg?FG_WL!S^l?S^_WLG

{ g I"e=UWCXLjS^VЬŠKId\?\]Lje³SIHSET?LGbòVXT?LCEL+IGeDdPIeoIVJI2K"IjlMc”Le=L+SYDGKM\”DG[EL+e.UngVŠ›DžSYDGg?[EL+S^Z?VEUn¦HL

[EVXL\?[¨©]FGZ?CELN+ªo

NGtL+IHe2D•VET?L!›DGC^eUWgSIGSET?L

v?rT?L+SEŒ"VXT?LV^IFG[ IdFwIdUngo[XVVXT?L!CEL^ŽLCELg]S^Lje³IHe?e=CXLi[X[

{ gIg=¬a›Ijl[XLiVЬXI[X[ED?S^UsIVXUW¦HLzSiIGSET?LGb”VXToL–CEL+IGe2DdƒIe?IdVJIUn[e=L+SYDGKM\”DG[EL+e2UWgMVXToCXLLfSYDGg?[EL+S^Z?VEUn¦HL

[EVXL\?[¨©]FGZ?CEL!vGªo

NGtL+IHe2DƒI[ELVD4g"›DGCJem[Ung2VXT?LSIGSET?L

v?g"\]IC^I_W_WL_;VJIdF‹SET?L+SEŒ=[–IdFwIdUngo[XVVXToLzIHe?e=CEL[X[ D4VXT?L!e?IdVJI

}?[XL_WL+SYVXUWDGgDd•VET?LfS^DHCXCXLjS^V ›DGC^eMUWg2VXT?L![ELV

¾T?UW[L^k?VECJI[XVEL\L^k?\?_sIdUngo[—›T=lVXToLfSIGSET?LT?UWVVEUnK2LUW[[X_WUWFGT=VX_WlT?UWFGT?LCDHgI[XLV®¬®Id[X[EDmSYU˜IdVXUW¦GLSIGSET?L

VET]Ig-DGgAI:e=UWCEL+S^VЬŠKId\?\”L+e SIHSET?LGbc?Z?VŽDHCDGg=¬XSET?UW\¤SIHSET?L[M[EZ]SET´I:e=U°Â;LCXLg”S^LKMUWFHTwVc]L³HZ?UWVEL

Z?go[XUWFGg?U°©½SiIg=V¨avp ›LCEL!CXL\”DGCEVXL+ežcwlGUW_W_ !~#Žª

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to