Maximizing the Robustness of TDMA Networks with Applications to TTP/C
35
0
0
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Maximizing the Robustness of TDMA Networks with Applications to TTP/C Bruno Gaujal , Nicolas Navet. No 4614 November 7, 2002. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--4614--FR+ENG. ` THEME 1. apport de recherche.
(3)
(4)
(5) !#"%$'&() *+
(6) -,./102 !,34 )556 781 # 39$:$:;=<#> ?A@CBEDEFHGJI-BLKMIONQPSRUT VXWYFZN[IO\2T I^]O_a`b cd egfShJikjmz { |Ylk}4nphgo vkhrcqYsZlwtu~y hgvwo xOoyv egfShpo lkqYE|{yv#h2{ hp d hg{ d h LZigjk|hgfEhg{O ^^^ jZi qYhpo |p|
(7) vy£«o pfJ£¤raqYhgªE{k ¦v¢^¦§qp¡ xu|u~¢ v 1| vy|^dfJo£¤oyo¥qY£«³oyª¤vyh2hs qZ|Zxc}y¦§´hpgh#µvy£«oy¶3d hp|or ¦'¸Ahgv~¼d »½¦§|r||¦. {y³uh | { ¦¾hw|qYr -s qYv oy ¨ovs v v |Jo |hf¨© s£«qY { soy£«ª«f¨vv4x¬£«c®¿r{h|qYª¤ vyhgd {qY|h -f·v{ 1¯w|hg {yqY£«vyv so#£«{yª«°±£«©QvqYxcvy£¤|Y¯2|»¥ ²8ª¤or|^£«¸¥ Jo ¹º£« qY h |vyqYd ª«ªkhhg{J{ phg|vy£« Lª«fS£¤vyr{h^qqY¸!oÀ{yx|Yc» £Æd»§q%£¤|oJ ^£¤h oS£«¦¾hg .qY{ L|rfSv ohphpÂv o|os qYf¨oy£«h^ £« Ä£«vyf¨d p|£«hg¿r L .hhMvyvyd tZd hH£«h vx:|{ |vy{ £«|fJqYEqYhg£«ªA{yª«£«vy1v£¤xhp|oª«|Y£¤g|Y»§x'»2ª¤|^vy£¤oyod £« hÅv À|Áª¤|^qYoyovAoS{ ª¤hrhrqq{ oy|Âv vyqY|d hã«hª«£«{ v{ xhghg¸ª«ª«£¤£¤rkrqqZ o vyfJd qahg}y Ç|{yvy£«d ¿hqYvy|£¤| Ävy£«fJv hpqY ª¥d o |£¤È-ª«ss vyhp£¤or|¸Ã Ç©
(8) £¤ow£« v qY|uª«ª«^x%{ |¦§shºoyqYd ª«|rªQ¦+{ hgd ª«|r£¤¦rqoAvyd v hp|o hShgvy£¤d hghr{rq¸ocrqYd Á£¤oAE£¤okhq{ |qYhpv ÇhpÁLxû±|s {o vy£« d h ccz¾É^Ê={ |v |-p|ª¼¸ AËÃhgÌvÍE¦¾Î |Ï {y³1Ð aÑ
(9) c^c¡ z§É^ÊAlw¸ hrqYªÆ¬c£«fShºÒ-xOo v hgfSor#© qYsª«vÀc®|ª¤hg{qY ph^Ac´µ¶½lkhgª«£¤rqZw~¢ Z¬¼Ó¥hgd£¤gª¤h ÆÔ Õ®Ö¢×¼ØrÙ#Ö§Ú®Û«×¼ÜÞÝpß à áä âQãk®é±äî¥åpëOæMçwá ç è1ÞäLó é±êZë ëAìgí÷ gî®ó4ïðç òñ4aó¥óôôaõ éXóö÷Cïð÷2ïòø óMüYëYæíMý ùCÿúMö§úgôaûóäïðåp÷ æMçLQëY÷4üåpýóC÷Cë çYþÿì ó á4í ÷÷CøðçYï ôaæpó ý apçYý¼æ óMëQüa÷ ý÷ÞçY÷þ4ï
(10) ó Aáó4ç ±è ï åp÷CæMøòçï §ýâ
(11) øòþ4æCè ï ÷ âQ÷ góÿö
(12) ïòæCý¼øð÷ ý & '. . . . ! "! # %$.
(13) & . . Unit´e de recherche INRIA Lorraine Technopˆole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, ` NANCY (France) 615 rue de Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS L ES T´el´ephone : 03 83 59 30 30 - International : +33 3 3 83 59 30 30 T´el´ecopie : 03 83 27 83 19 - International : +33 3 83 27 83 19 Antenne de Metz, technopˆole de Metz 2000, 4 rue Marconi, 55070 METZ T´el´ephone : 03 87 20 35 00 - International: +33 3 87 20 35 00 T´el´ecopie : 03 87 76 39 77 - International : +33 3 87 76 39 77. .
(14) # +6 /1# / # $'&() # 7 556 781 # 9$:$';=<#> s hp o£«v np1
(15) ohg {yv vy| sª¤{yng¡ {qYqY´ -vyqY£¤v | hp o o¾opqYhghgsZvy %tv hw{»ÞqaqYng»ÞsvyqYs v ª¤hphpo¨o h^-°±oy© sqY|{2ss sª«o§v4 º¬fSc8{ ||np Lª¤o hgvyhr{{ qYqY|sº L voc¯wp´| µHf¨£«v fS¶ oA¸®hg¬# L´A©QvhgcssZ¯vyt%£«ª«²w£¤|o EZhg|{¾}yhpsg{2hvy£Æo »±»¼hoqpo||{ ng Lf v|sngvyvy £«s £«fJ{ZqY£¤pnpª¤|hAor L¸Àvy{ hpÒ-ho £ ªª q | E|ª«hg£«vys£¤v§È-s f¨h2£« |£«f¨vy£«£¤fJohgqY{§ª¤hª qhpoyv#{ | hqY{ ng£«ª« £«v qYnk{yvy£«{#hwª 1qhgvy{ {ZqY{ hkoyv f¨|s£¤ov oyhp£¤|o½ ª¤hpo§hp{ ong{ ª«ng£¤È-ª«s £¤È-hps o§hp ow s uqY f ogª¤fShh#v hgfSf¨hp o oroC¸qY8h^q ª { |hg ÁshAhgssv2vy£«f¨ª«£¤o £«hA £«f¨hp£¤o¾o hg{{ |ª qu{y£¤ng{ v |np oqYh£«ª«£«pv |n LhMh¨tZ1£«v hgnA{ Z{ hkhª q s hS{ |{ ngqYª«£¤£«ÈLª«£«s v hSn|s%hkEhgª«s {yv oh^8¸ qY¶kª¤|su{ op|ª qÀ -vyo{|qYª«£«s{ vyh^£¤|oy £ |rqqo#vyo£«npfJhqYqYoy{yª¤svyh£¤{#ghpssoyª« v£¤hgh{kv h¨ZhpsÅ vyd{qY { £¤|È-o v fSs |Ohhgpvy|vyª¤h2{ hhJfJcª¤qahpc}yo2z§|{ {É^ngqYÊAvy£¤ª«¸ |£¤È- Us ¸hp©
(16) o £«{ hgqY^ª¤{ hg|fSshg Lnpvrhpo |qYs okoqª¤ h¨qYv hgv f¨| oAor ¸ php®o#qÅ{ npoy{ shgª«svqYv hoAhpqYoys v qY -Ð v rh^ Î lw np ohr¡ qY s Ò- xZfoyv egfSqY{ hpÈ-oAs c®n^ hgf¨cc oz¾lwÉ^ÊAnphg¸ ª¼1c®|ª¤ng{qY ph¨qYsZt © qYsv hporEc´µH¶ EÒ-vqYvy£¤| Hlkhp| Z¬.
(17)
(18) !#"%$'&(*),+-
(19) ./10 2 4 k /E 7® # 5 Ð 6 Ì87 Ð:9 <; Ì r
(20) ®Ñ 3. . Í µ s « ª y v Æ £ ¢ ¬ q p p p h o o . { |. v | p | ¤ ª o q. o p h Ä | ' c ´ µ ¶ ± ° c « £ S f À h A ´ « £ O ¤ £ y o ¤ £ | µp|sª¤oª«vyqY£«{ hSª¤h ¶qYp{yvyp£¤hpgo soCª²kqY{yqYª«{ xºh¦¾¦hg£¤ª«ª¾hgª«o xs£«s v hpo %hp v |ã« Ç{ phr|qYf¨ªÆ¬¼vyf£«fSshÀ £¤qYrqYvy£¤ª«|£¤ rqYovy£¤oy|xO o v ohgfSoy£« orp¸whScvy´d hgµHxǶ { |rqOo £¤hphu{ hg|v v hg|Y{4¬¬ f¨{ hg£«^ s£¤ªo qYvy{£¤ufSqhppo pohpqYo o hJv |Ãvy{qYvyd hoyf¨fS£¤o hpoyZ£¤|£«s f orqYqY ÁÁEvyhSd-s s o ohpE |sq o>=hpd hrqY{ {yhpvyoy11hr|qY v o#o?¨hS»Þvy|£«fS{ hporhg¸v hpµgvy£«| { Çhp| |Ohg{rQh¨vy»¼d qYhg£«£«ªÆ{¬ svyd { hphooy¸wxOc d dhg{ { |h hM|tOs £¤ooyv coA´Ao hgµHhg¶{qYª
(21) o d qYhg{yfS£ qYh¨ -v qoo|Yq»¥vy|d h v hpcÇ´LµHx¶ vyd o h¨ d chgcfSz§h^1É^Ê £« Hvy{ d|£¤owv |- pqY|EAª hg@ò^{kC ¦¾B¸h cp|d h¨o £¤oyvhgqa{¬ vyE£¤|^|o o ohpod o qphpowhJvyd qhpphps o ooAv »Þ|À|{vyd quhp| s oyovqY£« Á -v2q1o hgvy{y{y£¤£¤|OgÇv|Y»§hgv vyhg£«{yfSf¨h£« r£¤qYoyª«vyª¤£¤hpJºo DqhpÈ- Fs EGhg1 LQvyZ£ qYsª§{y£«| { Åhg¦{rdU£¤hr qd% dÁ£«vo d vqYqvyo£¤|v | vyvy{d qYh o f¨s ow£«v#£¤o#| rqYhAª«ª¤»[hp{qYfSqHh^0I¸¥cJ Ld K^h2¸ ohpÈLs hg ph2|Y»Qoyª¤|v ooys dÅvyd qYvAqYª«ªEo vqYvy£¤| od qphqpphpoo| ph2v | c d h s. o h Y | » c ´ µ ¶ q. o p h . { |. v | p | ¤ ª w o ¤ £ w o p | y o ¤ £ g h. { p h « £ d « £ ^ Z d ¬ g h E g h Y q « £ « ª « £ v à x. { r h Y q Æ ª ¼ ¬ y v « £ S f h qYª«t£¤rqYqYª«f¨£¤vyr£¤qY|ª¤vy hp£¤|oo# °±|Yo o½»Qhp¦Mhoys d @ONP hgdB[{ ²Eh¾qY|»Þ{
(22) qYsqrª«-ª«£¤vQr£¤|qYv |vy£¤£¤ª¤|hg {qYqYoA qYp{ ª«hw£¤hMrqYqY= vy£¤{|qY ^³sorhM¸QqY¬¼L{~¢qYx- -¬¼oy¦v s hp£«hp{ d h S? o { |#qYhpoy rE%qY|ª«ª¤=¢ hpoyo *v h¾hpQ hgvyRk{4£«fS¬¼¬¼LLhpx-x-oQ¬¼¬¼¦d ¦£«q{ £«o { h 8h ?Av Q§|A£« ZqYE¬¼h§hgª«d£¤{ r£¤|gqY-ª¤vyh £¤£¤|qYhp Z or¬ ¸ fSv |hp1d hqY»Þ qY£¤srª«qYv4ª¾¬¼v qY| ª¤hgÇ{qYd- -xOvrZ¸½{¶ qYs© ª«£¤qYSspª«v4|¬f¨c®|Eª¤|hg {qYhg - Lvwv o¯kqY { £«hvA{ °±hg©Qcª q¯p² hp%£¤o§LqxÇo hgpv§|f¨|Y»Uv¢s¦§v |hg{|p{½|fS -vy|{ { |h#ª½ ¦|Od£¤hp o§dÁvydd qYqvo Ep|hg {4»Þo |vy{y£«vyfSs okhg Lvyvd h¨oyvoCqYqYvyfS£¤| hor»±¸2s ¶ggvyvy£¤s| ºqYª«ª«qYx UÇvyd vyh dLs { |oª¤hfJ|Yqr»§x ©Qv |cª¤¯Ahg{oAqYv £¤h¨okv¢vy¦§d h |Y¬Þ»¼»ÞqY|£«ª¤ª«ºs{ ph| |Y»oy£¤| hg{yh£« |Å{AvyfSd |h { vhxO|Y1»¾h£«|Yv o» »¼ qY 1£«ª« Vs{ h0F0I|Y»½0Fvy d °±h o |o fSvqYhvy£¤|»[{ qYorfS¸khpcoAd fJhgx qpx fJ1qYh ³h oyvyvy£«d ª«ª8hEoyhxZoypv |hg{yf { hpg{ vhpoy¦£«ª«d£¤hg£« Lª¤hv|£« Hvyd vyhgd { o2hqY{ { h hpo phg| {yp{yhs|Yv »Mhp 0I²M¸ S c d Thg Fx U qEYª¤hMo»Þ||{ h¨{ |vyd -£¤hShvy{qYqu ¦¾oyf¨qpxÇ£¤ooyv £¤H| | =W ^°±d-o v|fSqYLhJqY £« |-oyXv hJfJIqpPxº o 0Yhg º :vyd hJ LpK[|{y{ ZYhpg]v\LqY^ª«1s hp 1o _¦ d0 £«0Iª¤hJ0 | 2vy|Od phgg{ so {yfJ{y£« qpx fJ£«f¨qYE³|h{yvhgqY{y L{ |vr{ oCvy²Md ¸h2~| Çvyvyd £«f¨h £«»±¿|qYª«vyª¤|£¤|¦ £« ¦Å£«ª«¦§ª®hª¤hrq¦À£«ª«ª v |¨o hph hg{yvyxud qYZva£ ` qhgp{ phg| L{ vAZ£«o |Ū«sv vy|u£¤|¦ ord¸ £¤ d%{ |ª¤h£¤oAvyd hfS|^oyv ¦£« do v£¤ qYd. fpfJEh^^hpqr£«xÄ ShpqY{ hgsv o { |xOhpfSoyov hg|hg LvyfSvu£«o#hwqºfJqYo hgqp{yxÅ£¤ª«|£¤oyrs sqYoS` vy£¤hgvy|{d { »[orhr{ |qYvyvf d hv o |% ½vy{ vyµ|d b~hà @«pi ¥|N µH{y{ Zhp~A i gB °±vJhgrª¤EqYhp Shggdvyhg{ qp£«|YOvy¬¼d £¤fJ|hg{J{ qY^E|Y »2h¾hg{vyvyd q£¤Zhã £«qY -oyv xZv hphgoy{4v »±hghgLfÃ{ xhg¸: o |p© fShp|oCh{² £« Zhg¬¼d£¤hggdª¤h2£¤g°[ª¤{hÀqZhgª¤£¤hp|gLvy{{yq£¤r qYqYª#{ orP hgcOq£¤poyhpd oÅhpo °±oy|Y¦» ª«£«£«v ^ d-d vyhp or£«¥ { hg¸«ª ¸ðqp²MxZ¸ or ¥¸«¸ðµH² ~U|p{|sp|ª¤SfSCq h`E»±hp{ g|vQf vyd qhpo ||{ys{ { hppghÀv
(23) »[|ss v goy£¤vy£¤|h vy£« d h |YqY»E SqYª«ª-vyd vyd hh¾s hgo ª¤hhpg|Yvy»U{ qY| £¤qYª«ªÆ¬hg|-£¤vyp£¤hpro
(24) qYª shgvQv¢vy¦§d |h§{yvy³E{-qY¦ oydf¨£¤£¤dJo oy|P£¤|` ¨hg{ oyo¥shgE{y|x{ydv8£«£¤^o dSqw£« f¨qYf{yvys£¤g s£«ªv¢qYxS{yª«v *x | QM ¥¦¾µHhrqY~C³£¤ª«o¥£« '³ |Qv »Þo |shg{½ fShg1{||qY{yª«{ vCª«hx²M¸ »Þhrhgq vqYoy£«£«hgª¤o ª¤h |¦E uhp£«vyvyrd d3qYhks qÁo hgh¥ª¤hp{ |Yghp»ZvyZ{ vys|Yd ¬¼h fJ ª¤qY|qY L¦^vÅ ¬phgvy|^vy{oy£¤qY2v® { o oyhphgf¨È- s£¤o o £«£«o vy{ £¤£«hg|-fS £«v¢hgxJo Ls|Yv
(25) »®£«f¨1Z|a£ 1`E{y|^vrhgok{ hphgoy2 -s vL xd3vxOvy1qd hpouh o£«£«|Y !»UZcvys {oycqYvy {yz§xJoyÉ^f¨°±ÊAo£¤hpo ¾o h vy£¤|d @ 1 h B hgv¢¦§|{y³À£¤o |v#£«f¨f s h2v |vy{qY oyf¨£¤o o £¤| hg{y{ |{ o#oy£« phqEhg{yvys{y qYvy£¤| ã¤oª«£«³hgª«xuv |SCq ` hpgv . çedMìgí ÿì #.
(26) . A
(27) 1E + '+> P . Ev |¨|vyhrdqd d qY| vyd hghg{rª¤o¸¥£«¯k H È-ª«£«s³£«hv hʾqS¶koy·£«f¨°¼£«Ê¾ª qY|{A LvyfJ{ |qYª« ª¤hg {Ahg{2¶woy{ £«hr qphAhgvyd v¦¾hgx|{yqY³u{ h ¬ £¤@
(28) hgB[ L²Mvy£¤crqY´Aª¥µHqY ¶ |hg{y x |vwgª¤|^o { h |rO|£¤ hh vyqYd shv |qYfJqYvyª«£¤£¤rqY{ vyhg£¤|vy U{qY¸ oyf¨£¤o o £¤| Á»Þ|{p|{y{ysv hpÁ»[{qYfShpoqY ºvyd hg£«{ qYvqqY{ huqgvys qYª«ª«x%ª¤|^oyv»Þ|{ Ð :Ð 9 < ; Ì ¥Ì cd hH{ |ª¤hgf ¦§h%qZ{ hpo ou£« =vyd£¤oÅoyvys Zx:£¤ov V | W Âvyd hEhpoyv vyqYd ª«ª¤h|Or{ qY|vy£¤s | ºo vy |Yhp»½o vyowd |Yh»Qoyvyª¤d |hv2oy|YxZ»§oyhrv qhgf dºqYoyLvqYqYvy£« £¤|oy Çvwhg£« H{y{ |vyd { orh¸¥{ ¹º|sh pÇ| £« Çoy£¤oys hg{# dÁv¢¦§q|Jo2Zq£¤o ¦¾vyqr£« xHgvwqo|Zv |u}4hpfJgvy£«qatZhp£«of¨ £«¿rh i^¸ ©Q c ¯Â Ì r ^qY {y{yxO Ì £« ¡vyd f¨h#£«o qY£«fSf¨h#£«¿r£«h^ Z»±»Þ||{y{fJhrqYqvy £¤d| S©Q¦c£«¯ª«ª Z1vyhd ph|{y{y{ s|v qYhp £«ª«¸ £«v~¢xÅ ¨vyvyd d qYhvw{ qYhpª«oyª v½»±|Y{»EqYfSvyd hpho# |YqY»
(29) Evyhgd {rh vyd£¤o{ | qY£«ª«£«vxŦ£«ª«ª®1hv hg{yfShp vyd ]h =ª¤|^o o{ | qY£«ª«£«vx ? qY Ãhg |v hpÅ- x !¢¸ Z¸ »[ {qY fS Ì hA ^|Y »® vyd #Ì hA" ©Qc¡ ¯3f¨r£« qY£«{yf¨{yx-£«£«¿r h^
(30) »Þvy|d {hAhroqqYfSdÄhk©Q£« Zc»±|¯{y®fJvyqYd vyh£¤| Å{ |¦ £«ª«qYª11£«ª«hk£«vª¤x |^oyvyvrd ¸QqYcvd |h hÇp|°±{y|{ hp{oyfSE|| { Oh²¬ £« S{ | qY£«ª«£«vxÅ£¤owhg |v hpÅLx $&%('a¸ cqud hJqYvo qÀ|ª«¦svy£«ª«£¤ª | ºEhv |Ào hgvy Ldv£¤oLxHo ª¤|fSv|qY{ ª«hª¤|-vyrd qYqYvy£¤ º| º| h{ | |-ª¤hgfh£« %d qvyo2d h¨v |ÅoqYvfSqY³hh¨{ £«| -sv | :qp°[p-|xºs LqYv ª«ª
(31) vy d |Oh»¼hpqogv2|Y»¾vydvyd qYhv ©¦Qcd hg¯2 ²½vyqYd huvy{ d |-qYZvs £«gvvy£¤f¨| £«^1dLvhg{yE£¤|OhAÅohg|Y L»
(32) vvyd o hgh hg{qYqYvªEqvy£¤£«ofS^hp{ o¾hrqYLv xuhg{#qvyod qYqYfS Ãhkvy d |Ohª¤hhg °[^£« Åvyd oys |Yp» pqhpo{ oy|£«shw { |¸ s oM² k ¶ A o « £ v ¦ « £ « ª ª 1 h ± » s y { y v d g h 2 { Z ¤ £. o g s. o. o p h H « £ Ò s . o p h g y v ¤ £ | Á Z ò ¸ Z E y v d h ¢ v § ¦ Å | | Z y } p h g y v « £ p h o p | y {. { p h y o E | v { |ÃhgL¦§qY{ hgºª«ªÆ¬v |Å h W vyd hShpÄp|oy £«vyps hgqYvyv £¤||Y » o=¼£«»¼ %qY£«ªÆvy¬d oy£«h ª¤hgW hgpª¤ h ?¸J|Y»§~¢v2»¼qY¦s£«ª«ª«v4ª¾¬¼v qY|ª¤ª¤ohg|À{qY1 hSphSo d vy|rd ¦qY ºvqYvy{ d hSqYv Z£¤vyoyd vyh£« »[^ssaª £¤W oyª«d ª«fShpÁhg -¦v £«vy|Yd » vyd hpohv¦§||Z}4hpgvy£«hpoAqYvvyd hoqYfSh2vy£«fSh£¤o£« p|f¨ qYvy£«ª¤h^¸ p|{ r -|O v p
(33) hMhptOo ovk ¦|Y»
(34) d £«LÐhg Z{ 6 ¬¼h hg= Ðd£¤6sg{ ª¤<o hv ; o#f̨?sÌ |Yª«avy»£« vyÐ {ª¤hMqYtZ £«oy f¨Ð u£¤Ñ o qYoyÌ £¤ | ºª«£¤~rhg qY{yvy{ vy£¤|d|{ £¤oo oroy¸fJvys qpZx%x|-^p¦¾ghs{r¦¸£«ª«cªpd|£¤ o2oy£¤£¤ohg{§hg{yqYxH ¨ª«hg£«{y³{ hg|ª«xH{½qY£« %{y{y£«vy^d qYh ª ª¤o |O£« rpqY~¼h2vy»£¤|hroy ºqs pd|Yp»hpo o hrª¤oy|q£«v d%hÅd q£«vy o{ZqYvy £«d Oo h£¤f¨Zos £¤qYo qYfSoyª½£¤|h2oy .ª¤|{ vhg|{y|Y { »|qY{ qYoJ£« ºª«£«qYv¢©Q{ xÃhÃc|Y¯ »
(35) |EvJd hgq£«p o2|S{y { p|Àhg|ª qY£«{y v {yc hps s v hghp°[ £¼Ãp¸ £¼hS¸ £« |¸ð²M %¾hgEvy£«v¨d hg h£¤oSª¤hg|^g Lo ª¤vyohrª«qYx{S*¸ { |)Avyd |rqYqY¦§vJhg£«ª«vy£«d v¢hgx h{ £«ª¤ hrqZ{£« qgvy£¤v p|Aho vys {pqYp hpoyo f¨oy£«£¤ohoy£¤vy|{ SqY hgoy{yf¨{ |£¤{ o o¥o £¤qY|{ Shhgd{y£«{ ^|d{ ª«orx ¸Qpc|d {y{ hwhgªqqYo v oyhpsJf¨qY vy£¤|| o hfJ|q o hgh¾{y»Þ|hp{ oQvyd sh{ hgo {yv { o ||{½{QqYhg{y{y{y{ £«|^{ qYo ª ¦{ £«|Oª«ªphppo |o ¦oy£¤£«ª«ªhg{SvydLqYs o¥£«hg {yc { |s {hg fSphw|-vyhgd ªh#vyo d |qYª«sv¨vyr£¤|qY v v|2qY³vyd hh£« -v { |%|qª¤hgpfp|s|Y L»Ev¨ª¤|OEr|qYvyvy£«d hg{yvy{ d |h#{©Q»±{ chp¯ÈLs oyhgª¤ |gv xÄor¸8qY¹º h hg|{y Å{ |vy{Ad h^{1qphgO{y£«vyvsx {y¦qYdvy£¤£¤ |dH Hhghg{y { |hg{ {o#qYª«fJ£«¿rhpqoh2qJ£«fS Å|Ovyd hgh2ª®{ hp{ o |v#E|Y|^»
(36) o vyhpd h2£« qY@«Eighg{rB¸+¸ )Ahg{ h qY{ h vyd h qo oysf¨vy£¤| o é[â ®é±î .
(37)
(38) !#"%$'&(*),+-
(39) ./10 2 . N. ½Zsq{y £«d Jvy£«qfSphÁhg{yqYv qY£« à ¥ZµHs~{qY|Ovyp£¤|g Us { orhrAq £«vÅd ¦£«£«v¾ª«ªvy{EqYhg {yo vyf¨s{y£«3vyv hpvyÃd hºZsp{y|£«f¨ ¨f vysd £¤o£¤rEqYvyhg£¤{y|vy soH{y |qY !vy£¤|vy Åd hºd qows q o. @«ig{ 1|B8 qqYo oy£«sª«£«fSvxhpo H v | E
(40) h²Mp¸ |{y{ysv hp Z£« hg1hg hg -vyª«xu|Y»Qhrq dÅ|vyd hg{°[vyd hAhg{y{ |{fS|OhgªE£« cd h o vqY{yvy£« uvy£«fShpo|Y»¥vyd h ¥µH~s{ oyv o2qY{ h£« hgEhg hg Lv{qY |f ^qY{y£ qYª¤hpor1s £Æ¬ »±|{yf¨ª«xÀZ£¤oyvy{y£«sv hp|rhg{#vy£«fSh^¸ cd hoy£«¿rh|Y» hrqd ¥µH~¾s{ oyv#£¤okhMtOE| hg Lvy£ qYª«ª«xÃZ£¤oyvy{y£«sv hpÇqY Å£¤ow£« hg1hg hg -vA|Y» hghg{yx-vyd£« uhgª¤o h^¸ qv hpooyds¹Â f¨£¤£«rvyqYvyd ª¥£¤||qYs voû[ s¦{y£«vyª«d ª
(41) hg1{ h2³-qYs o|hp¦Ãª¤hp£« HZvyhd h| ºqY{ { vy|Ohd |Yh{»±qYokpvy||Yd »¾hgoy{ÒO£¤hp{ ghrhgvy{ q£¤hpo || Ç qYqYZ¸«iuª¤h^ª«£¤°±¸¥r|qY¶AZvy}4o £¤hp|oygs 'vyf¨£«qYhu vyº£¤i|²M£« ¸v o ¹ºhgh LOd £«qr{ |£¤ hofSfSo |hg|fS L{ vrhh d |E)kh|vy¦§d qYhgv#hgvy{rd h2vy{ d hpho s{ ª«hpv#oy|Ys»¥ª«v ÒOoJhp|Yg»vy£¤|ÒO ÇhpgZvy£¤¸«|i ={ hgÂfJqY°±|£« Zo#}yhp^gqYvyª«£«£¤ÀhH»±|{#²S|vy|ºd hg {k|Zv£¤oys vyo {yh£«qso vyo £¤|s f¨or¸ vy£¤| q£«Y :hgEqYhg{ hu^hgqY Lª«vA£¤Ä|Y»
(42) »±|vy{Sd hqYª«oyª#vqYZ{y£¤vyoy£«vy {yS£«Esvy|£¤£«| L vwo|Y»Q|Y»kvyd vyhd hÅ ¥µHoy£«¿r~4hÀ²M¸ |Y»Avyd hÀs{ oyv oð[{ |rO£¤hp'vyd hgxÄ{ hgfJqY £« uhpÌ o [£«^Z ÌhpHÑ »±Ï |{2Ð d £«^dZ¬chgd EhÃhg c £«fSqYhM£«¬ª«c®£«v{yx%£«^{ hrhgqY{ ªÆhp¬¼vy£«fS¶khS{ o dxO£«oyv v hphggfSvyso{ hoys °±cd c®q¶ oqY¬ so v hp|h fS|@«irvy £«hJi^qY i B[²dª«£¤qrqYoSvy£¤E|hp hgor ¸ »Þ^chr{ d qY|vyhss=c{ hpcfSoÅz§hgqYÉ^f Ê ÂEhgo{ { hgoy|{yd-v £«|O!£¤pphp|qYoªAª«{ @ò|^hg{yPª £«qYBvyv Edhp¦f .dv £¤@«|Äid%P B£¤hgoqYE quhg. p hgo -qYsvy{£«1qYª«£«ª¥|vxÂ{y vJqYo {y»±s v2| {d3|Y»§fSqvy|-oJd hvyhHd ch c®d ¶qYs Eo1hp^|^o s oo qY@«hpir{ o C Zo B£ hp¸3qYok, c Ls@«d i fSh
(43) Bhgc{ |vyc®d s ¶ ho ¯£«kqY ã«@ð<vyBhgd { ¦h2oy£«d v¢cxÂhgc{ hÀ|Yz§»vyÉ^d c8Ê huhp { d{ hg |ª«£ v |qY|Oª¤|p£«^|ª«£«xªUv¸x d qp|Yʧ»khª¤|^vy1d o hghphuª«hgx= vy{{ qYhg hpª o oyqY£«f¨v ^hp £¤ o hpo £¤v || qY |Ã|s :{uhMtZqHv { hgc| Ecoy£«|^zohgqYª« ª2xuhg£¤v¢o ou¦§vys vy|Zd {y£¤³ÄhÇhp ¦§£¤o¨qY|voy{yvy³=vys d Zh2£¤hphpÓAo Äg£¤{yhg¦£« E£« hpvydq vycd chz·vqY ³O|O£« Ãhpor£«¸( -v | ¯k qpphg|{Àsvy Ld vhº|Y»¾qo vyoy{sqYf¨ oyf¨vy£¤£¤|ooy £¤|vy Ád qYhgv{y{ |qY{ ª«ªAo»Þ|qY º£«ª«svy{ d hphoÃqYs o=qovy{¦§qY hgoyª«ªf¨q£¤oooy»Þ£¤|qY !£«ª«shg{ {yhp{ o|{ £« %oÃvyqYd { hh v £¤o ohgvqY{yfSvy h£¤oyW o¾vy £¤|Yrhp»®qYºµHª«ª«xÀqhroqY£« vyd chhg1£«fSª¤hg|^ o hAo2c®hg|Y -|»¾vr© qY1qYª«qªQ£«ª«fSfSs{ hphrho qoCo °±qYµHs{ hpcho2c|Y|Y» ©¥»vy² qYd ¦ %h2d { ©Qhghgc{ ª«£hqY¯(q£«o pª«hg£«|v LxÃf¨v2f |Y£« Ç» svy vyd d £¤h2rhqYvyvyo{£¤qYqY|fS Àoyhf¨»ÞqY{ £¤£«|ª«ossoy£¤{ |hw »Þ¸|£¤o{¾© { ^qY| £«f9hg©Q cvyd £«¯ h µHhgc{y£«chp©= ¸ |Y»§hrq d%£« Z£«O£¤Zs qYª¥©Qc¯ qJ^ª¤| qYª fShrqoys{ h|Y»§vyd h{ hgª«£ qY£«ª«£«vxÇ|Y»§vyd hoyxZoyv hgf £¤o fJqoqoyscfShAd |hphg Àu{ hv vyd | hMtZhwE£¤Eoyhkvkhg£«{y vvy¦§s|Àhg{y1 fJhgqY vyqY£¤£«| Çhg -o#Zvra£qY` vyhgd { hAhgvy ª¤d |-phArhpqYoovyhp¦£¤p||£« Ãvy dHJ|Y»®|vysvyd d {hAh¦§ ©QqY|cv{yq ³E¯ ¸o { kª¤|-| Zv h s o§gpd vy|q£¤ |o Upvyhg¸¥d-{y ~¢s oo@ð vy< d |B1hvy£« d qc hAo oys hgshg{yf¨ { |p{ hvyo£¤qY|qY { ho £¤oA |v2p| oy£¤hg{ hp ¸ )Ahg{ h| Hvyd hp| Lvy{qY{yxU¦§hvqY³h£« Lv |Åqpp|s Lv2vyd hs{ oyvy£« hpooA|Y»§vyd h . çedMìgí ÿì #.
(44) A
(45) 1E + '+> P Eh ` hg{yhpvygsv#{y| ÃqYvyvy£¤d | Àh2vy{{ qY|- po hpf¨oor£¤¸o oy)k£¤|hg à phghk{y{ vy|d {#h#vy{ £«|fS hqYqY£«ª«ª«ª¤£«|-vyr£¤hpqYorvy¸£¤| o|Y»Uvyd hA©Qc¯ { hgª«£¤rqo¦£«ª«ª d qph2q£« ¦vy£¤|d H£«ª¤¶kh§gokxO£« g»Þ|ª¤vyh {Ad£¤|Yvyo8d »§ h¨q¨qY E qYhgqYv{
(46) vqqZvy¸#d£¤{ ~¢o
(47) |OhgZs hphghpg - vyvQ£¤ |¦vy ºd £«ª«h £¤ª-o Eoyos qYh¾fSh^qEoh£«o hp o qYo v@ðhp<qS BQf¨p»ÞqY|£«£« ^ª«sdLoy£¤vA{ hhg1{y£¤ho£« vy{hpqYvyg d £¤oyh¥f¨hp»±º{£«vyqYv |fShp ºHhpoQqZo sEhg{y Lhg£«v
(48) {A £«u{ |oysqws pÇp{ hp|O oZoyqs £«o M£¤ho¬ { || sh { |os qYJ H|-vyd hpoQh »¼|qv gvA vyhpdphpqYo v2oCqY {y|£«ª«x»±{qY£«f¨fShª«x¨|Y»¾qqYp %|f¨©
(49) fcs¯ £¤d rqqYoAvy£¤1| Jhphg»Þ %qY£«oyª«ss { ph#php1o hpoyr»[sqYª«s ª«xÃo hvyvy{d qYh o oCf¨qYfS£«vyhv hp %qYv£« q £¤okqYª¤co |¨d ho hgo Lhpvwp|£« À H»±|Zª«ª¤a£ |`E¦hg{ £« hg Jp{ h |s¦ £«vyd o °±@ðoC hpB8h£¤ow qYvy{d qYqY^vk{qY¦¾hdHZ|¸ò ²M|¸ vwfShg{ hgª«x p|f¨sv h vyd h{ hgª«£ qY£«ª«£«v¢x { |Y|Yhg»w»1vyqê«d £¤rh^q£«oyoxO¸ hgo cv hgdoyfÃxZ£¤o§oy¸ v ^shg|O f hpo o½v s|ª vqpv§xOqY{ £«ª¤hp o ÈL2|Ãs¦£«{ £«{ hvy|d¨qY- L£¤vyx¨d hÀh§fSqÀvy£«|OfS¦¾Z£ah#qrW xºqYrª«qYv ª¤vy|O| £¤r|qY| Åvy£¤|Yvy|£«»U Sf¨vy|Yd £«¿r»h#h{ hg£«{ v|ª«O£¤v r|O£ qqÀpo¥|vyª1£«fS{ ||r{¾huO|Y£¤qY»Uª«hpvyª¤|-o½d rh#qAqY oyvys£¤qY| { qYoyfSv|YqY»hg Lv vyvyhg£d { qYho ª LqY£« ©8£«£« Å qY{ ª«hpª«x3oy£«ª«£¤qYhg |pvyhJd hg°ÞqY{Ã{ | s| hg ª«v^x! ¦·£«vy£«d3 Å{ fJhpo qY1 LhpxÅgvÅrqv o |'hpoC²{ qhgowOo £¤|hps hg ÅoÅ£«¦¾ |ÒO{y³hpgvyp£¤||fS HhpZoø »[{ |f vyd hº{ |-|Y» v qYhp d |£¤* ÈLs Xhpo ¸
(50) c0F d hg8x qY 2{ h§qY q o hp Z |% 0M ZY1J E PIX K¾J»±Ea|{¥0 ÒO hpgvyqY£¤ | ¨ ¸
(51) c®0 | vyd h¾ 1 hp
(52) o v
(53) |Y L»EZ | ®s{
(54) »Þ|³O{Q ÒO|rhp¦gª¤vyhp£¤|Z Sh^ vyod hghphgo{hkqY ª®||vyvy£¤d |hg {#o#{ d hgqpª qYv h2hp Åhg{ hg|{Eª¤hghpfShg or¸ qYª«£¤hpÀ£« Åvyd£¤o¾»[{qYfShg¦¾|{y³ÃqY Àvyd hgxJfJqpxuEhs o hM»[sª1»Þ|{
(55) /Ew Q,./10 #"Ã1 · 1 ~¢qY Åvyª«d£¤r£¤o#qYvyo £¤hp|g Hvy£¤|qY U À ¦§vyd h hW { oy|vwvqYvyhp£¤o|g {yo£«1s ho hpvyd h¸Q¹ºp|hf¨vyf d shg £¤}4rs qYoyvyvy£¤£Æ|»[ xJvyd { |hv v|O¦§p|J|ª¼Z£¤vyoyd vyhg£« Ågvyv#d |h2ZfS}4hp|Ogvy£«hgª®hpo#|Y»
(56) vydvyd qYhv ¦¾hg{ h2£¤hg Lvy£aW hp ¦£«vydÃ{ hgLqY{ Ãv |vyd hp| phgvw|Y» =¼»¼qY£«ªÆ¬oy£«ª¤hg ph ?¸ . "!$#&%' )(+*$(+ ,. cqYª«hpdª hp{ vy|£«hpfSsH^hd v ÈL||ssvyqYv¾{ -qYvyvy d£«vyoy£¤o¥£¤f¨hp oA£«v2qYqYE|{ hgh {rh^-£«¦§£«h#hgvA æ|s £«ª«o hgª1£«{Ap |vyS d vyoyhd£¤£¤ohgs {½vyoA£«vyfS£¤d oAhwhMv¬¼oyqYx-³£« vAhg ºqdo#{ q|sow vy|£«d vrs h¸ o§vyc£«fS´hµHs¶= £«vr{ ¸|~v H|-pvy|d ª¼h¸ c»Þ|d ª«ª¤hw|r¦vy£«£«fS h oE vyhg{y{y£¤£¤gc|Ovd h2|Yhg L»¾v hgsvy{yf £«f¨fS1£«h hg{£¤ro qYvy|Yª«£¤e» ª¤Shp
(57) ºo ^hp1qÈ- s hgEa S L1 Mvy
(58) & £ ZqY-ª¥s{y|£¤£«{ o# Åoyhgv{r¦qY¸ vyd£¤ ½£¤ qd%qY dÁ£«Ãvo vydvd qYqhvyoA£¤|oyv v %|uqYvy1vy£¤{||^qY o oowoyhpf¨o d o qp£«hpvokh|vy qd hphp"Fhp0Io s owoAv »±|¨g|¸{vyd cquh2d ph|s oyow£«oy¿rv£«hqY L|Yqv » vyvyd d h2h¨o oCª¤qY|fSv oh¨£¤ooyv qY|vy£¤v#| hpqYp{ hph¨o o|YqY»§{y£«vyª«xud hJ£¤ohgqY LfSvy£¤h¨rqYoyª®£«¿r»±h^|¸{wqYcª«ªUd h¨o vo qYhpvyÈ-£¤|s hgo ph¨svw|Y»oys oypª¤|pv hpo2o o o £«s h2 dºoyª¤vy|d v oqYv1qYhgª¤ª«|ª¥ oy^vqY£« vy£¤| v |o d qrhqpphpo o#| phv |¨vyd hs o#£¤o#rqYª«¤hpqH0#J LK^qo#oyd |r¦ £« ©
(59) £«^s{ hSi^¸ é[â ®é±î .
(60)
(61) !#"%$'&(*),+-
(62) ./10 2 . FZBED .
(63) .
(64) . FZBED. .
(65) . ©
(66) £«^s{ hSi ¶ { |s Å£¤ofJqh|Y»$- oyª¤|v o °[d hg{ h- ²A | h2oyª¤|v#Ehg{#oyvqYvy£¤| U¸ . * * ( (+ , !$#& . 8£«c Â|vyqd hÃd£¤hg{ hphko »ÞhgqY spª«hHv4¬¼v |Y|»ª¤hg»Þ{qYqYs ª«v poh^Zo vy|d fSqYv¾hã¤o½ vy|Od hAhpourqYqY { qh g£«0Ivx\L|YE »8ZY1q YoyKºxZoyqYv hg fÂv qY|{ hhggª«ª«£«s oyhgv {hg{ £«v hpo§.ohg£« -{y-v |£¤phk hgJhgE U »±»¼$LsqY£« ª«E sg vy0I{ £¤hS| : |Y»qY | : %hShr |q{°±©QdÁfSc |¯k|O{ oChS²Mh¨¸ko v|Y¶wqY»vy Ç£¤qY| º©Q oc©Q¯£«c º¯£¤vyoAd 1qh¨|^o oo hgqYovAfShpo |YhJo »§hp©
(67) oo hgc£«v ¯+ohg{|qYf¨¦ªQ£« Áoy^vd-qYoyvvyª¤|£¤1|v2 hS£«oA %v vy|vyd ª¤d hgqY{h¨vkqY{ v E|hphgs{4 ¸J»±|ºc{yf od |ÀhSvyvyd oyd vhqYqYv2ovyqY£¤|vyfSd hho »Þ ||{y Zf¨¬¼{ £« hgºª«£¤qYr ÄqYv hp©Qcoy¯ vqYqYvy£¤{ |hu Ãr¦qYª«£«ª¤ª«hpª8 qYª¤0Io|\L1E hZYPv hg{y£«fS hpvyHd hqY ûÞ|©
(68) ª«ª¤|rc¦¯·£« °± |Y¸%»¥r© qY|{ {Z£«vy d qYhuª«£«voxÃqY³|hu h|Y²M»k¸ oy£«f¨ª«£¤g£«vx¾q |Y|Y»U»¥©QqYkª«cª ¯vyhd h hgoy: v qY|vy v £¤Qhp|okvy d owLh#x £« L sfvyE£¤d o#hgh{vyo d |Yhgh»vkoo |YqYv» qYfSvy©Q£¤h|c qY¯A o oÅ»Þ| £¤{yo#f¨ £«hg | ©Qv "hpc !$¯ # L!&/x %(¸Q. ')')c'+* ¸d h#qY oy£«¿rh %-°[, £« J£¤o#£«vyv d oCh²Q|Yr»qY{ vyZd £«h# o qYª¤ª«|£«v¢v x o , 0§xÀh W £«vy£¤| U vyd hv |vqYª® LsfEhg{k|Y»Q£«v o#£« q{ |s hg |v hp21¨Z£¤o#hpÈ-s qYªUv | 1 43 % , . , ' ,6587. c d h . { | ¤ ª g h f p | y o ¤ £ y o. v o « £ à . d O | ^ | y o « £ ¨ y v d h E ^ | y o « £ y v ¤ £ | Å Y | 8 » y v d 2 h y o ¤ ª |. v o Y | » Y q « ª ª y o v Y q y v ¤ £ | o Þ » | y { ¨ f « £ , qY°±r ÄqYª«©Qª¤hpc¯qY £« qYª«qŪ¤|-{ r|qYsvy£¤ | øŻ±|c{ d£¤o ²£¤oh W | hphÅs- x hg{vyd hS»±|{yf |Y»#qã« qY{yx%hpgv |{"9 |Y»#oy£«¿rh:1
(69) £Æ» o |fSh2oyvqYvy£¤| ã« vy{qY oyf¨£«v oAqYvvy£«fShM¬¼£«vE> ;
(70) =<?>@<A1 ! 9 B, DC F |vyd hg{y¦£¤o h ' Ahp|gv v h|"{ vyd 9 qY, vfvyd s hSoyv p|1 h¨o vyfJ{ys qgvyhJ£¤| |Y» |YG» 9 , QMf ª¤|Os oy³Zv2<o »ÞQ¨|ª«|Yª¤»|r¦| ohphgor8hghr{qqYª½d p||Y »#oyoyvy£«{¿rqYHh £« L. v o¸Sv ©
(71) | £«{ poy|v{y{ vyhpd oyh1| £« ÁqY{yv x| qYZ %]qY\ª«ª¤1|O r^ qYEGvyp£¤8| HfS|YhrqY»¾ qY£«ª« ª
(72) vyd vyhd qYoyvª¤|vyv d okhS% |Y» oC, qY fS¸2h¨ÒOhp£«pv | rqY E vyd |v h1qYª«hSª¤|OqYrª«qYª¤|Ovy£¤r|qY v ohpº|Y»§v |ÅqYª«ª8v¢¦§, vyd |HhZ©Qa£ `Echg¯k{ hgoA -v f©Qs o cvk¯AEorh ¸ ©vy
(73) d £« hpoqYh2ª«ª«xp|qYf¨ª«ª
(74) qYvy£«v £«oA£«£«ª« º£«vx qSp{ || soy vyH{qYf£« -s v owo vkrqYE ÃhEqYhª«ª¤|O¦r{yqY£«v vyhpv Hhg v |o|fSh ©Qc¯¸~¢ fJqYvyd hgfJqYvy£¤rqYª v hg{yfSo. I
(75) L! KLKLKM! 8
(76) N ' 3 9 , J , 587 6. . çedMìgí ÿì #.
(77) A
(78) 1E + '+> P . s£« HE q©8qYvv £«xO hpqY£¤ª«rª«qxqYo#Zª8vy£«rvwd qYhA£¤{wo»±hg{ -qYhg-fS £«hg{ h{|qY o ª«hgfSª« LxÅvhgvy --d vrxuh qqrq»[ o {|Oh2qYfS£«h hpZo |£¤hg Loy Lvyvvk{yqY£«£«L xÀso#v vyo hpd |hfSphgh2| L ^vyqY£«{ v|qhª qY¦p|d -|^vyª«o£¤{ rhk|qYª«^ª¤vyhgqY£¤{k|ª«s fJhor¸qr£¤xÃo¾© 1|p{whg|{y L£«£¤ v|OqYo Zv£«£¤ qYr qYvypª«d ª«h^x h lfJkz¥qatZµ £«f^sqYf ª«s h{ hM»[{ ª«s hpo o2dÅvyd {qYh¨v hhg |Y^»
(79) £« vyd hhv hgv¢¦§f¨| Ehg=¢oy{£«qY^vy sqY{ ª¤h#o ?2qY p|ºf¨q1 |^oyhg£«¦ J»±{vyqYd fShh»[{£¤qYofShs²M£«¸ ª«vhghg{yxÄirYfSo°[vyd h E{ hg|O{y£¤ZÒ-|Os £«= gpvyh£¤|hg vyd |ghgv xZxÄhpg ª¤qYhS{ -hJ£¤x o{ hgqYª¤, o ª«|ã¤rqYqr orqY!§ª«ª¤hpqYrĪ«qYª§ª«qª¤ hp|O3hpFq o \L|Y0I»AKqYS Ä£« ºZ ©Qvycd ,h¨¯ »ÞZ |s1ª«EZª¤|rEG g¦qY¸·£«v hc vy¸Àd d hÇhg~¢v£«{ £¤qYo vqYqqYvª¤qoo |hg¦ -qvã«o vyoydÄZssfSvy{yd £«hp hÀº:ovyqY|d fS qYhhv qpY|ª«ª8f¨ f |-shp oA£¤r|YqY»§vy£¤qS| ©Qc{ ¯ |v qY|O{ ph|ª½oyx-o |Àvydd { qY|v £«qY¿rvhp hrqs o dÁ£« E|vy£«d Lhv^£« %ª¤|vy £«qYfSª8hSvy£«hrfSqh d o hg {y|-O£¤ph¨h|Y{ »#hpÈ-qYs Áhpoy©Qv chpï-oxÅhg vyd ho vyd h2c qYd vh qSª¤hgp |^{y{ vyhpd%oy1|Y|»½ vyZd £«h c´v |µHvyd ¶ h{ o|qYsfS h2 1{ |O£¤Zo2s qJgvy»[£¤s| ggvyxZ£¤|g %ª¤h^|Y¸ »½vyd h -sfEhg{|Y»½ |-hpo1|Y»§vyd h fJ hgqav¢tZ¦§£«|fJ{y³ÃqYªqYoy £«¿rÃhÀ|Y|Y»Q»wvyd vyd h2hup|fSf¨hpfo osqY £¤hÀrqYo vyhg£¤ -|v Ç£«p '| Lhrvyq{ |d:ª«ª¤hgoy{ ª¤|orvr¸§½cqYd h2 ^|qY 'ª«s h2o ||YfS» h1£¤d oqYvy{d-qs gv ohg {y£¤|oyv#vy£¤poJhg |Yhg»k{qYvyª«d ª«x h p |qY{yv{ qhgª fJqYv qrhpx ¦|£«vyvd1vyh d h vy{qY{ |OoyZf¨s £«gvyvyv £¤hp|Ç ¦Ehgd{y£¤£¤|Od%£¤|Yok»vyhgd h¥hg {qYqYª«vª«qxrs¸® ~q»p phgvqY ª¤h^or¸¸ vr~¸» ; , A1' vyd hg o |fS1 h vy|Yd »8hgvy %d hwvyd h¨{ |OoCZqYs fSgh¨vy£¤| ÃqYvgqÀxOg£¤oª¤hAvy{qY|O hpo§oyf¨ £«|vyvv hpp%|{y£«{ %hpoyfSE|| { h¨uvyv d |qYvy ºd hw| EhShg^{ £«| s £« S¸|Y¶k»
(80) ª¤qo |{ | £Æs»¾ vy Àd h¨qY E! uhg^£Æ, »8£« ©Q c£« ¯ fJ|Y»QqrdvyxÅd qh2o1hfShMt vy|qY{{ f¨qYhk vyoydª¤f¨hqY£« ÃZvyv {|hpqp ¦hA H£« { |hgvy d ª«£¤h©
(81) rqZ£«oC^qYZsfSvy{ d hhhg ÅZ{ |¸ sqY vHqqpow|{y£«{ vkhpoy£¤o#E|vyd hZ£«r q¨o hv |£« Za£ vy` d hg(h { hgW L{ voyv{ qY|O ZÃs vygdvy£¤£«|{ Ã{ g|xZsgª¤ hp o .
(82) $( #& (#(+. )#&% * #& ( %'( #&,$ # . c| d h½vyd LhSsf E1hgd hgqp{QO|Y£¤»|{ {hg|Y»ª«£¤rvyqd o8hJE£«hg {®Z©Q£«-c£¤Z¯ s qY¦ªdp£¤| df¨£¤1oU|{ hphgÈ- -sv £«o*{ hp@ONPBv ¸Å|wv © ||ª¤{hg{£«qY v o h vqY 2 »ÞpqYh^s8ª«v £Æo®»#d vyd hrqphSO»Þ£«qYª«x£«ª«s{ hgh1hg|Y » o qYª«|Oª hp|OoQfhpows o qYv
(83) { hEh¾" v |E Uª¤hg F{EGqY
(84) v :hpÞ ¸ ¶ vyd h|Oª¤hrqhoy£¤vQo# ohpqYp£¤hpÅo oC»ÞqYqY{y£«ªUxoy L£«ª¤shgf -v#1£Æhg» {¥|Y»1{ hgª«£¤rqYv hp¨ |OhpoQ£¤o !
(85) ¾¦d hg i^¸wqqY ²
(86) Å£«v§o²§hg vyd o h»±p{|qY{yfS{ hphpgo§v#qY^v½qYvyª«d s hwh2p£¤o|{yvy{ {hpqYg v§o Ef¨|£«£«vy Lv v¾hp |Y»1°±pvy£«|fS{y{ hhpg°±vyp |hp{y{ o hpowg£«vy Å hpvyo d o¾h2£« SqYvyª«d s h#h2vy£«|fSfJh#qY£« |fJ²M qY£« ² Z¸#»[|{{wqYfS£«vwh ohgqY vwqYowª«ª¼¸ hgv hpgvqYª«xã« p|{y{ hpgvk»[{qYfShpo°±hg ¸¾¦{ | Àʾl#ʲ£« £«v ow|r¦ Hoyª¤|vk|{w | ÷M÷ö¼ï ó¢a"$ý #&ó Zéö % % Xó§ çó§ïð+Y÷öÞýö¼÷÷ó ýÞç±ö¼öøòþ MYóÿïðø ÷ ý ÞýÞøòøòæMæMø ö ç çþ4æææ Y1ïð÷ö ô % 2^ó ý÷óE#'9ó # 8 ó êYÞ÷C(*ækïr) ö¼ö æ
(87) % +^÷ö %öQó4þÿóEö -ø %,Yïòó4óþy:ç ÷3Cô ö¼ö aøòæC% ý/ç ÷æ ö¼^.øòCæCö 1ú%ç 0 ;ó æ óÿ+açý¼1÷÷wær2aô ý¼ïòaóæ þÿ
(88) Yö¼çYöøòæM%ôç§ó§þ4þÿôa÷Cåç ó þ4Þïò4øöó3C6÷ çYæ5góÿóý ÷Q÷ö¼ôaçæw÷6÷öøòç ÷+7Þ+a2óÿïðýÞaøòö þyö÷ ÷Cöö¼%çøòæM&ó ç øðôa+aïòý¼ý¼ó¾óÿ1æ ï2Yö¼÷ ïòø ö¼ó óyô ó ý¼ó ÷Cøòç &<Uø ö % ôa÷ö÷ % ÷ øòç:3ôaø>=óÿý¼óÿçrö?+ý¼ærô aþÿö¼øòæMçþÿåþ4ïòó . . . . . & &. . . . . . . . . . . &&. . . & . . . . . . . é[â ®é±î .
(89)
(90) !#"%$'&(*),+-
(91) ./10 2 . . . #. . #. #. . . . #.
(92). . #. . #. . . . . ,. ©
(93) ohgqY£« L^ª«£«vwsv¢x{ |hJhg {kqY½{ ch{ doy|{ d shp| h¦o Uors ¸ ¸kppchpo d oyh £«fSh2hp{ o |osqY h orp¸|k{y{ hpª«oyxÅ1|vy d Zh£« oyª¤À|v v oA|qYvyª«d ª¤|-h:rqYI >v hp!
(94) 8v N|¨Jvyd h{ |O©QZcs ¯ gvy£¤ | H|Yg»¥xZrgqYª¤{ h Z£¤£Æo¬ . fSc chg -z¾vkÉ^Ê3{ |-{ £¤|-h£¤vyhpd oAho hg|Y{y¬xÃrqYª«ª¤|Ohp|OD=¼»¼oyqYs£«ªÆ¬Eoy£«|ª¤hg{y vkp»±h|{k£« vyd vyhd h{ hpv È-hgsf¨£«{ Ehg|fS{qYhgª
(95) Lv oS|fJi^¸òqqY²k£« qY?ÿ²w ÇhpoyE²hpg°[£ ¦qYª«d ª«xÅ|^o vyhd»±{ s|ªasW ^ª«ªÆd ¬ vyqYd hª«£¤rs qYowvy£¤^|s UqY¸ { Zc£ qYd h p{ |hr qphghg{Jvw£¤¦o¨d{ £«hMª¤»Þhhg{yvy{ d hph2:v qY| ª«s h2@ON #|i fJ
(96) Z#qY£«i CB#£¤o»Þ|fJ{SqY£« |Oª«|-xÀ:vyd o vhqY{ {yhpvyoy£« EÁ| Eoy|£«£« L£«ª«v £«voJxÅ||Y .»Qvyvyd d hh o s { |pphpª¤hgo o4f·»±s|Yª®»®vy{hgqY oysoyf¨{y£« £¤o o £¤»Þ|qY Ç£«ªÆ¬|Yo »¾£«ª¤hg| ph h^oy¸ £« © ^|ª¤{¾h ©Q»±{cqY¯AfSo½hp»Þ||f¨{AEvyd |^h o hp¦ud |Y|»8ª¤qho o hghgv¾v|Y|Y» »½»Þ{ qYhg£«ªÆ¬ª«oy£¤£«rª¤qhgo -v§£¤oA |Ooys JhporgL£¤vyhgd Lhv o |£«Z }yphphJgvyvy£«d hhv |SqYª«qs hÀd£¤rhgqY{yh{y£¤¦hpÄ£«vydÅLxÁ{ hgvyLd qYhS{ Å»±{v qY|fSvyhud h2£¤o{ | hps phpoyo vyoC qYhp{yo £«o#ª«xÁqYLpqY|£«{y { o hpv#gvrvy¸%{qY~ Äoyf¨vyd£¤o £¤ooy£¤|r Ãqo hgh^{yQ{ |vyd { o#h£¤fJovyqYd £« h f¨p|£«{y { £«hpf¨o 1£«¿p|£« ZS£« |YS» v |S ! vyOd vyhd oqYqYvfS£¤ohvyd { hk|OZ{ s |g vyqY£¤| £«ª«£«gv¢xZxÀgvyª¤hd ²§qYv¦qY£«ª«ª«ªUª11»±{h2qYpfS|hp{yo{ys|Y»®v vyhpd h2¸ ©Qc¯°±rqY{y{yxO£« S qYvq |vy{sqYv ~o hM f¨tZvy£«{{vqqZgpvya£ `|£¤pf¨hgh½{ f hg{ hg Lsv¨ ª«£¤ £¤rrqYqYqYvv vyqZhp£¤|¸ 'o ~hg»k»Þ |qÃo {|{ qYo8hp 'gfJ£¤qYo qp£¤^|x2{ Uhp{ hg¥hgfSvyoyss hg{y L d'vr½oyqª«{ £«o^hgdLqÅvyª«£¤ª«fJrx qYqaZv }yhp£a|`E {yhg£«{ vhgxÁ|- -v
(97) hp||ov h^|Yo Q»Ahg{y£¤qo ^qYvovyqYqY£¤³|fS hghu Äo qY©
(98) L cx ¯ Yq ¦fJp£«|vyqpdZ Zx ¬¬ of¨ s£«fS £«hgf¨{¨£«¿r h |- hÅ$ % ¦'k£«vyvyd d.h2{ hg{ L|qY { 'qYv £«ª«|Ç£«vxÅvyd vyhÅd qY^vwqYª«|s hÅhS|Y°±»A|{wvyd fShÅ|vy{ {hqY²¾ { o hgf¨£«ª«vy£¤rv q¨hp:|Y»¥ qqYvfSqZ¾hpo vyod qYhÅh|Z¦}4£«hpª«gªUvyE£«hh ª¤|^£¤o¨oyvrv ¸ | |v | h³©hpp{ hg||HLf xH£«vkqY|Y£« û¾ q£«f¨hg EqYhgª¤v hgqJfShgv hg| L -vvvyqYd |Yvy»½h£¤|vyqY Çd h 1ª«ª¤|£¤hgr£« -qYhgvwvyª £¤||Y|Y» %»¥-{ £«£¤ ÇhphgZ¦|s{ £« vwhgqY{A£¤ o#v g|Àx hgoy °[£«£¼f¨hg¸ {h^qY¸kª«ª«ª«£Æ L»±xÅxÃsf vy{ d 1hMh»Þhghg{qY{qY|Y»¥ª¤ª« h£¤r|Ov qY|¨vyhp£¤|o º{ php|o pf¨hg|O -1vkh|^|o qY £« ª«x vyvyd d hhA^©
(99) qYcª«s ¯2hA²Mvy¸d ~¢ qYv¾2¦Ò £«ª« ªEEhAÉaÓAvy{A´ qYR oy2f¨v £«hgvy{yv f¨hpÀ£« v ||ª¤|vy^d xhqYvyd hª«£¤qYrª«qYvy|£¤{y|£« Åvyd£¤f o¾v { hghp{yoyfS1hp| o QM£«vyd ª¤hAh2»±qY|^{{ hpvyd hgfShhgd LvA|£¤qYpª«h|Y|Y¬» {y £«qYvydvqf vyQd ¸kqY~v2vk£¤o£¤ow s qYo vs qÀqYª«pª«|xÃ{y{ hphpoypEhp|o oqYZ{y£«xÅ Åvyd v qY|uvAvyvyd d hhoCqYqY^fS{ hph¨hggfSxOhgg -ª¤hv|YqY»½ª«|{ {y|O£«vyZds f gvy£¤¦¾| º|{y³O|oA{¦oqY£«f¨vydǪ¤php|% oyqY£¤voyv vyhgd -hv ÆæCý®øòça è ãagáó % øòþ4( ïòó þ4æMHçpöÞø ý¼
(100) æCï÷ a+açYý¼øæ ö ±ó4þÿQöQóÿæ ö÷ö øð%ïòóyó½ôk÷ øðç ö¼Æææ ý æC÷ö¼ö¼ø gøòæMó¥çøòçþ4ô÷Cç ±2^öÞýÞóQå1æ ÷C2aø ö÷øðøòça7ç óy3#ô÷÷ ö ö 2 % aöÞøðöï ô+ øð:ç(13( <'±<'ö÷C< çôaæ ÷Þýó ô5rè ÷ý¼ô þ % øæCö¼ýó43 þ¢ö aý¼ó. . . . . $. . . çedMìgí ÿì #. .
(101) . . .
(102) &. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(103) ri A
Documents relatifs
Dans chaque ville et pour toutes les lignes de tramway considérées, il faudrait disposer des trafics avant et après ouverture d’une ligne et de plusieurs projections d’évolution
Le fait d’écrire à partir d’une oeuvre d’art visuelle ressemble à une forme de contrainte; nous croyons par ailleurs que cette pratique a eu un effet durable sur l’écriture
variables d'ordre psychologique: soit f.amiliale ou personnelle, soit so- ciale, soit professionnelle, soit une combinaison de ces facteurs. Ce patient a récupéré
For the two coolest objects in Figure 3.6, HD 4539 and PG 1716+426, both at Ta < 27, 000 K, there is a good match between the predicted synthetic spectra and the FUSE data: the
lui inculquer le registre li'lquistioue, les l1abitudes alimen- taires et vestimentaires ainsi que le comportement des bour- geois de Québec. Pierrette Paul doit
La conciliation emploi-famille : des mesures à développer dans les milieux de travail Tableau 4 : Les dispositions favorisant la conciliation travailfamille dans les
Figure 2.4 Predicted (continuous lines) and observed values (filled circles: stands aged from trees with root collar; open circles: stands aged from trees without root collar)
Cette posture permet de dégager deux idées centrales : le poids des milieux professionnels locaux dans l’intermédiation et le transit des idées, modèles et pratiques
