شهود العدالة في قسنطينة القرن التاسع عشر. الانتماء العائلي والمسار المهني

ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻟﺍﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺸ .

ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻟﺍ

א א

*

א א

א א א א

א א א א . א א א

א א

. ) א

؟ א

(

א א

א א א א א

א א

א א

א א .

، א

א

. א א א א

א א א א א א א

א א

، א א א א א

א א ،

א א א

א א

א א א. א

א א א

.

א א א

، *

، ،

.

، א א א א א א א

א א א א א

. א א א

א א אא א

.א א א א א

א

א א א א א א א

א א

א א א א

א א א א א

א א א א א א

.

1

א א א

19

א א

א א

، א א א

א א

،

א א א

א א

א א א א א

א א א א 1

א .2

א א א א א

،

: 1

، א א א א ، א

) 1500 - 1830

،(

،

א א א

، .¹⁹⁹⁸،¹: ،¹:

−

، ،

"

א א א א א

א א א א א، "، א א ، א א

، א א

א א

، א ، א א

.3

א 2

،

، א

א א א

) 1114 / 1702

א א (

א 566

. ، א א ،

א א א א א א א

א א א א

א א ، א א ،

א

، א ، א א א ،

− 1419

) 1998

(.

א א א

א א

א א

א א א ،

א א א א

א

، א א

א א

א 3

א א א

א

א .א א א א א

"

"

، א

א א א א א א

א א א

א א

א

א א א

א א א א

א א

. א א

א א א

، א א

א

א א

א ،א א א

א א א א

א א א

א א א א

"

".

א

א א

א א א א א א

א . א

א א א א א

א א א

/ א א

، א ، א 3

א א א א א

، : א

، .¹⁹⁸⁷، א א א ، ، א

، א ، א

א א

، ،

א

−

، א א

− 1402

.1982

א א

"א

"

א 4

א

א א א א א .

א א א

א א א א

א :

א . א

א א א

א

א א

:"

א א ⁵" א

א א א א

א א א א א

א

א. א

א

א א

1202 -

/ 1273 1787 -

. 1857

א א א א א א

א א א

א

14

.6

؟ א א א א

א

"א

:

"

א א א

א א

)

1202 -

/ 1273 1787 -

( 1857

א א

،

א א

א א

"

א א

"

א א א

4 A., Raymond, « Caractéristiques d’une ville arabe « moyenne » au XVIII^e, siècle le cas de Constantine », Les Cahiers de Tunisie, T XXXIV, ¾ trim N° 137-138, 1986.

א 5

،

،1 1202 -

، ، 1205

6 R., Brunschwig, La Berbérie Orientale sous les Hafsides des origines à la fin du XV. ^e

siècle, 2 vol, Paris, 1940 et 1947, p.182.

א

א א

א א א

א

א . א

،

א א א א א א

: א א . א א

א

1202 1210

א א 1204

א

68

، 1270

א א

"

א

"

א .7

א

، א

/ 1215 1800

א / 1245

א ، 1829

، א א

א א א

. א א א א א

، . א א א א א א

א א

א

1209

،8

א

א ،

1202 1214

א א

א א א

א א א ، א

א א

א א

، א

"

א א

"

.9

א

"

א א

"

א א

:10

، א ، ، א א

، א א א

. 1229

א א א א א א

.

، 7

، א א

"

א א א ، א א

"،

א : ، א א א א א ، א

، א

א א א

א א

) CRASC

،(

.2005

.

،

5 ،

.56

א 8

،

،2

.287

، א ، א9

א א

א א א

، א א ،

، א .¹⁵³، ،¹⁹⁹¹، א א

: 10

،2

،

،1982

، .66

א א א

א א א א

א א א א א

. א ، א א

א

א א א

א א

. א א א

א א א א א

א א א א א

. א

، א א

א א א א ،

א .

א א א

א א א א

א א א א − א א א א

א א

− א . :"

א

"

א א

א א

.

א 5506 48

א 41

"א

"

א א

.11

א א א

:

א " א " " " " " :

"

א א

"

א ،

א א א א

א

. " " א " ، א

א

"

א א א א א

א

"א

"

א

"

"

א

، 11

، א א

א א

، .

א ..."

א א א א א א

א

،

א א

)א

( . ^{12 1800-1789} / ^{1215 1204} א א

15

، א 1848

א .¹³ ، א א

: .1

א / 13

א

18 א א ، א א

א א א א א א

1204 -

1207 א ^.1

1204 -

1208 א א ^.2

1204 -

1208 א .³

1204 -

1208 א א א ^.4

1204 -

1208 א ^.5

1204 -

1208 א ^.6

1204 -

1208 א א .⁷

1204 -

1208 א א א ^.8

1204 -

1208 א ^.9

1204 -

1208 א א ^.10

1204 -

1208 א א .¹¹

1204 -

1208 א א א ^.12

1204 -

1208 א ^.13

1204 -

1208 א א ^.14

1204 -

1208 .15

1204 -

1208 .16

1204 -

1208 .17

1204 -

1208 א ^.18

1204 -

1208 .19

1204 -

1208 א א ^.20

1204 -

1208 א ^.21

، 12

א א

، א ، א 13

، א א .1929

1204 -

1208 .22

1204 -

1208 א ^.23

1204 -

1208 א א ^.24

1204 -

1208 א .²⁵

1204 -

1208 א ^.26

1218 -

1242 א ^.27

1215

א א ^.28

א א

א א א א

:

א א .

א א א

א

1840 14

א : א

، א

א א ، א

.15

، א .¹⁶ א א א

א א א א

א א א א

א א א א א א

א א

א א א א א א. א

א א א א א א

.

א

א

:

"

א א א " א א א

א א א א א א א

א א א א

א א א א . א א א

א א14

.

א א15

.

16 Registre du Caïd el Bled, op. Cit.

א א א

:

א א

א א . א

: ، א א ، א ،" א א" א

א א

، א ، א

א א ، א

א א

"

"

، א א

א א

"

א א

"

"

א א א

א א א

..."

א א א א א

א

א ، א א א ، א .

א / 982

،1574

. א א

א א א

א א

،

א . ¹⁷ א " "א

،

א א א

א

א א א 18

א / 1197

1782

.19

א א

א

، א א ، א

א א

.

א א 1253

א א א א

. א א א ( ¹⁸⁰⁴) א

א א א א

א / 1242

؟ 1828

א א א

א .

א17

، א

.90

א א 18

:

، א א ،

א

،

، .²⁰⁰⁵،

א 19

1185

، 1204

، .

52 -

.53

א א

א א ، א א א א א

א א א

. א

/ 1218 1804

א / 1214

1800

،20

א

א א .א א

א א א א א

א ، . א

א

א א א א

:

א

א א א

.

، ، א א

א א א א א א א

א א

א א א א

א

א א א ،

.א א א א

) א

:א (²¹ א א ، א

א א א

א א א א א א

. א א

1638

22

א א א

א

א .²³¹⁸³⁸ א א

3 20

، ) .(

2 21

،

1205 -

. 1210

، א

.

، א 22

א א א א א ، א

، א א א ،

.1986

23 Registre du Caïd el Bled, op. cit.

: .2

1253 א

א א ، א

א א א א א א

1218 -

1242 א ^.29

1245

א א ^.30

1245

א .³¹

1253 א א ^.32

1253 א ^.33

1253 א ^.34

1253 א א .³⁵

1253 א א ^.36

1253 א א ^.37

1253 א ^.38

1253 א .³⁹

1253 א ^.40

1253 .41

1253 א ^.42

א א

א

א א א א א א

א א

א א ،

א ؟ א

א א א א א

א א א א

א א א

א א א א

א

א .24

א א א א א א

. א א א א

א א א

א א א א

.

א א א

א א א א א א א א

א

א א א א

... א

. א א

א א א א

א .א א

א א א א א א

. א א א א א

א ...

א א א

א א א

א א

א .

، א א

א א א א א 28

א

א א א א

א . א א א א א

א א א

14

א ،25

א ؟ א א א א

!

، 24

א א א א ،

، ،א א . א ، א

، א א ، א א א א ،

، .2005

25 R. Brunschwig, op-cit. p.182

.2

א א א א א

א א

א א א

א

א א א

א א א

א א

א א א

א

. א

א א א

א א

. א

א א א א

א. א א

א

א א . א

، א

.

א א 18

א א א

−

א א

−

א .²⁶ א א א א א א א א

.3

א א

1204 -

1208 א

א א

א א

א א

א

א

א

1

א .

א

2

א .

א

3

א .

א

4

א .

א

−26

א א

،

. "

א א א א

"،18

א א א א ،

א .¹⁹⁹⁸،⁴ ، א ، א א א א ، א

5

א .

א

6

א .

7

א .

א

8

א .

א

9

א .

10

א .

11

א .

12

א .

א

13

א .

א

14

א א .

א א

15

א .

א

16

א .

א

א א א

:

א א א

א א א א א א א

א א א

א א א . א א א

22 - 10 -

א 1202

א א

א

) 18 - 07 - 1202

،(

א א

. א א א א ، ،

א א א א א

"

"

א א א

א א א

א א

−14

−03

א 1202

א 25

. א א

א א א

א א

א ، א א א א א א

א א א א א א

א א א

א .

א א א

א א א א א א א א א

א ،

.27

א

،

א א א א

) 1202 -

1208

א (

א . א

:

א א א

. א

א א א א א ،

א א . א א

א א א

א א

א

א א א א א

. א ، א א א

א

א א

א

. ؟ א א

א

، א א

א

، א . ^1206-06-16 א א

א א

...

א

א א א

"

א א

"

א

"

א א א "

4

א א א א 3

א א

":

"...

.

א

א א א

:

א

א א א

، א ، א27

א

، .

א א

א א

א 28

א

"

א

"

"

"

א ،

א א

":

א

"

א ،

א א א

א א

א א

א . א

"

א א

"

א א א

، א

28 - 06 - 1202

א א א

17 - 09 -

א א א 1207

א א א א

א א א א א א

.א א א א ، א א ، א

) 5506

א(

א .

א א

א א א א א א א

א א א א א א א

א ...

א א א

... א א א א

א א א א א א

. ، א א א ، א א א

17 - 10 -

، א 1205

) (

א ، א א א

، א − א −

، א א א א

א .

א א

א א א א א א

:

א א

א א

28 F.Z., Guechi, « Du « nasab » au « laqab », héritages controversés », in Constantine, une ville des héritages, s/d F.Z Guechi, Constantine, Media Plus, 2004.

א א א א א

א א

100

א .

א א א א

א

א א

א א א ،

א . א א

א א א א א

א א ؟ א א א א א

א א א א א

א א א א א

א א א א

א

א א א א

.29

א א א א א

א

א א א א א

א א א א א ...

א א א א א

. א

א א

א א א

א א א א א א

.

.3

، א

א

א א ،

א .א א ، א

א א א א א א

א א א

.

א א29

،

، א

א א א

א ، :

א א ، א

، א

.1997

א

א א

א א א

א א א א ،

א

א א א א א ،

. א א א א

א א א א א

א א

א א א א

א א

. א

א

"

"

א ، א

א א א

א א

א א

א א

א ؟ א א

א א א

א א

א

א א

א א א א א א

א א

א א א

. א

א א א ؟ א

א א א א

.

، א

"א ."

א א א א א א

... א

א א

א א א א

א ^{1225 1204} א א א

1215

.1218

: .4

א

1202 -

1280 א

א א

א א

א א

א א

א

א א

א ^{1 7} א

1− − ⁴ א

א

4 1

1^{− 2 3} א

א

4 א

4 א א

4

2 א א

2 א

2 א א

1

א

א א

א א

א א. א א

.

א א

א א

. א

א א א

א א א א א

. א

א א 30

א א א א א

א א א א א א א א

א א א א

א .31

א א

א א א א א

א .

30 Chritellow, A, Baraka and bureaucracy: Algerian muslim judges and the colonial state (1854-1892), Princton, University Press, 1985.

31 Ageron, Ch.R, Histoire de l’Algérie contemporaine, Paris, PUF, 1978, P.35.

א א

א

א א

א א א ؟ א א ؟ א

א א א ؟ א א

א

א א א א

א א

א א

.