HAL Id: in2p3-00188328
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00188328
Submitted on 16 Nov 2007
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of
sci-entific research documents, whether they are
pub-lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.
Production d’ions alcalins radioactifs
C. Eléon
To cite this version:
C. Eléon. Production d’ions alcalins radioactifs. Journées de Rencontre des Jeunes Chercheurs, Dec
2005, Aussois, France. pp.109-111. �in2p3-00188328�
7!FZ3# 43&' 0 4 8^860 C C : C9 $ ?:> \G G %' : ?B> 7J7i R ¡ /8¢ 4(£@J ¢ T£ w[bQrlia_Od ^Ph~[P]_Q!Od Oaq[vp!t u l ]cjWk!O@Q k*STacmR[P]_YXOP}(aM]cQ`VXmZY V pr^`k!Yga_OnlQ!^\uW[bk oijWk!] l ^PQWVac^P]cQDd OBac[8\[baca_mROd Oaq[8lVX[P!]ca_]_V m l#VX]_h;k!acOac[YXORS't*OZY'S't!OiOTV8acODd mRPOZac^Pp*prORhsORQWV8d O~x[b]qlXSTOR[Pk o dM]_^`Q*lwYX[`d ]_^W[PSTV ]_xlZ| /^bVXY O;mTVXk*d Ospr^`YVXO;p!ack*lBp*[bY V ]qSTk*a_]c¥ZYXOT hiOZQWVl k!Yac[p!Y ^ d krSHV ]c^PQ±d Ox[P]clXSTOn[bkdM]c^PQ*l@© R }gSR[bY ]_aBprORY hiOZVDdMmZV k*d!]_ORYDacOp*[PlXl [PNPOd OvSZu SZa_OB}/}'´PORYXl d ORliSZu SZa_Onl8p*a_k*lsY'[bp!]qd Onl;d![PQ*lsa_Onl8mZV ^`]_acORlsOTV~d Ox[b]ql SZOR[Pk dM]_^`Q*l SZ[PYslX[vlV YXk*STV k!YXODOnl#ViOZQ*SZ^PYXODh~[baSZ^Phip!YX]cl OP| [;\[bYX]_mZV mp*tWu l ]cSZ^bUS't!]chs]qjWk!Od Onlx[b]ql SZOR[bk!o~d!OZh~[bQ*d!mRlglO V Y'[Pd k*]yV~VXORS't!Q!]qjWk!OZhiORQ`V~p*[PY~ac[Q!mnSTOnl l ]yVXm@d!Od mZ`OZac^Pp!p OZY k!QN`YX[PQ*dQ!^Ph;!YXOvd O=d!]cl pr^Wl]_V ]_xl@d Ovp!YX^ d k*STV ]c^PQ,|+B[PQ*l a_OSR[Pd YXOd!O=hi^PQ±V Y'[\[b]ca}gacORl@x[b]qlXSTOR[Pk o ]cl mRll ^PQWVd!ORl x[b]ql SZOR[Pk oídM]c^PQrl@[PacSR[bac]_QrlDY'[Pd ]c^`[`SHVX]yxlR| Bk!ORacjWk!Onl#ßk!Q*l@d O STOnl.x[b]qlXSTOR[Pk o} ¹» BOTV;©'Z¬ © O R ^`QWVmTV mDp!Y mn[baq[b!acOZhiORQ`V p!YX^ d!k!]yV'l+l^`k*l¯xz^`Y hiOwdM]c^PQrlhi^PQ*^bUS't*[bYXNPmnlFh~[b]qlp ^Pk!Y+YXmT pr^`Q*d YXO@[Pk o{ ORl ^P]cQ*lil]ch8k!a_VX[PQ!mRlid Oxz^PY V OlVX[\VX]clV ]qjWk!OOTV d OST^`a_ac]ql]c^PQ )@t*[bk!V O~mZQ*OZYXNP]cOid!ORl.OZo p mZYX]cOZQ*SZORlR}]_a¯Onl#VQ*mT STOnl lX[b]cY OwdM[bk!N`hsORQWV OZY+acORlg]cQ`VXOZQ*l ]_V mRl+d Onlgx[b]ql SZOR[Pk od ]cl p ^b Q!]c!a_OnlsOTV~a_ORk!YsmTVX[bVid!O@S't*[PY N`OP| ^Pk!YiSTORac[*}(Q*^bV YXOVXYX[\[P]_a ST^`Q*l]qlV Od ^`Q*S )~[bp!p*Y mRt!OZQ*d!OZYaq[ip!YX^P!acmZh~[\VX]cjWk!Od!ORll u l# V ¥RhsOnld Oip!YX^ d k*SHVX]_^`Q=OZo ]clVX[PQ`V'lZ} )@aq[YXOZhiOZVV YXOsOZQSZ[Pk*lO pr^`k!Y¯p ^Pk!`^P]cYR} )BV ORY hiO`}PST^`Q*STORP^P]cYd OQ!^Pk*POR[Pk o;l u l#VX¥ZhiORl d Osp!Y ^ d krSHV ]c^PQ | Bk*OZaFjWk!Osl ^P]_VBacOid ]cl p ^`l ]yVX]yx#}acO8VXOZhip*ld O p!YX^ d!k*SHVX]_^`Q=Onl#VOZQ¤ST^`hsp mTVX]yVX]_^`Q[`ORS;a_O;V ORhip*l.d O~d k!YXmZO d O ]cOd kQ*^\u`[bk |ORSZ]*ORlVgd,M[Pk VX[PQ`Vp!a_krl Y'[b]*d![PQ*l¯acOBSR[Pl d k X 6wd ^`QWV8ac[vd k!YXmZODd ODW]cOOnl#V;d!Ol OZk!acOZhiOZQWV*|"bh~lZ| [.p*Y ^ d k*STV ]c^PQ~d k © R ORlVhi^P]cQ*lFp!YX^P*a_mRhi[bV ]qjWk!OSZ[PYl [ d k!YXmZOd O ]cO.ORlVd!O5(slZ| 7J7i 7 4 ; 0,0 ;,4£@J ¢ T£
K[himTVXt!^ d O 4 ' #l^PV ^Pp O ORp*[bY'[\VX]_^`Q-'BQ ,]cQ!O Onl#V ac[¤himZV t!^ d OjWk!]l OZY'[=k V ]ca_]ql mZO ) '%8/ "pr^`k!Yp!YX^ d k!]cY O d ORlx[b]ql SZOR[bk!oDdM]c^PQrl[baqSZ[Pa_]cQ*lgYX[`d ]c^`[PSTV ]_xlZ| / /1-9/-2* ! #"%$#& îP|. [ip*Y ORhs]c¥ZYXOmTV'[bp OST^PQrl]ql#VXO )ip!Y ^ d k*]_YXOa_Onl]cl ^bVX^Pp ORl Y'[Pd ]c^`[`SHV ]_xl+dM]_QWV mRY VR| %kST^`k!Y'lgd!OBaq[iST^Pacac]cl ]_^`QOZQWVXY O acORlQ*^\u`[bk!ol#V'[b!acORld,Mk!Q"x[P]clXSTOn[bk p!YX]_h~[b]cYXOOZVvacORl Q!^\uW[bk od!Oac[SZ]_!acOvd Op*Y ^ d k*STV ]c^PQ,}d ORlixzY'[bN`hiOZQWVXl d OQ!^\uW[bk oDl ^PQWVd ORlgQ!^\uW[bk oY'[Pd ]c^`[`SHVX]yxlR| OQ!^Ph;!Y O d OQ!^\uW[bk oiYX[`d ]c^`[PSTV ]_xlp*Y ^ d k!]_VXlgOnl#V+p!YX^Pp ^PY V ]c^PQ!Q!ORa ) aq[vl ORSTV ]c^PQ{O^&~SR[PSZOd O@p!YX^ d!k*SHVX]_^`Q,}([Pk¦*k od!ODp*[PY VX]cSZk!a_Onl]_QrST]qd OZQWV OnlOTV8[Pk=p*[PYXSZ^Pk!Y'lwd ORlQ!^\uW[bk o]cQ*SZ]y d ORQWVXld![bQrlac[wST]c!acOP|\B[PQ*laq[himTVXt!^ d O' 4 ' ¯}aq[BSZ]_*a_O Onl#Vl kK&l [PhshiORQ`VmRp*[b]qlXlOwpr^`k!YjWk!Oa_OnlQ!^\uW[bk o~p!YX^b d k*]yV'll^`]_ORQWV[PY Y VXmRl+d![PQ*l+ac[iSZ]_!acO |. K[;d ORk o ]_¥RhiOwmZVX[PprOST^`Q*l]qlV O');l ^PY V ]cYacORl+Q*^\u`[bk!oiY'[\ d ]c^`[`SHVX]yxlFd Oaq[ST]c!acOP}bN`mZQ!mRYX[Pa_ORhsORQWVpr[bY¯d ]_ krl]c^PQ,|( Uacl l ^PY V ORQ`VFN`mZQ!mRYX[Pa_ORhsORQWVl ^Pk*l(xz^`Y hiOdM[\VX^PhiORlQ*OZk VXY OnlZ} OZVp ^`lXl ¥Rd ORQ`Vd ^PQrSacORlSZ[PYX[`SHVXmZYX]clV ]qjWk!ORlKS't!]_hi]qjWk!ORld O afM]ql ^bV ^`prO.lVX[P!a_O`| )
|. K[.V YX^P]ql ]_¥RhsOBmTV'[bp OBOnl#V+aM]c^PQ!]ql [bV ]c^PQDd!ORl+[\VX^PhiORlR| ORl l ^Pk!Y'STOnld,M]c^PQ*ll ^PQWV@S't*^P]ql]cORlOZQ±xz^PQ*STV ]c^PQ d O=acOZk*YXl SR[bY'[PSHVXmZYX]clV ]qjWk!ORlp!t u l]qjWk!ORl+OZVS't!]chs]qjWk!ORlR|
!*|. K[sjWk*[bV YX]_¥RhiO.mTVX[PprOSZ^PQ*l ]ql#VXO')sx[P]_YXO.d OSTOnl]c^PQ*l+k!Q x[P]clXSTOn[bk )slmRa_OnSHVX]_^`Q!Q!OZYgacORlg]_^`Q*lgOZQDxz^PQ*STV ]c^PQd!kDY'[bp p ^PY VORQ`VXY Oac[;S't*[bYXNPOOZVgaq[.h~[PlXlO).afM[P]cd OwdMk!Ql prOnSH VXY ^`hs¥ZV YXO.d Ohi[`l l OP|
" |%*Q!O.xz^P]ql+VXY ]cmRlOZVBl ],aMOTo p mZYX]_ORQ*STOjWk!]Kk V ]cac]cl O8STOnl]c^PQ*l acO.Y OnjWk!]_ORYVn} STORl]_^`Q*l+prORk!PORQWV
V YXO[PSRSTmZacmZYXmRl )iafM[P]cd O d OnlSTu STac^bVXY ^`Q*lgp!YXmRl OZQWVXl[Pk '% /# ¯| / /1-0/1-9/ 7+"%$ ,.-! 3/"650$3/".5 132546-725423 5 1380, 4 ! 3 - #27 1 *Q!Osp*[bY V ]qSTk*ac[PY ]_V msd ORlw]c^PQ*lw[baqSZ[Pa_]cQ*lBORlVwacOZk!Ywp ^bV ORQWV ]cOZa dM]_^`Q!]ql [bV ]c^PQYXOZaq[\V ]cPORhiOZQWVDx[P]_!acO=SZ^Phip*[PY mv[Pkíp ^bV ORQWV ]cOZa d Onl;[Pk V YXORl8mZacmZhiOZQWVXl;S't!]chs]qjWk!ORlR|; ,OV#u p Od O@l^`k!Y'STOjWk!] p!YXmRl OZQWV O8ac[~hiOR]_aca_ORk!YXOO&SZ[`ST]_V mp ^Pk*YBafM]c^PQ*]clX[\VX]_^`Ql ]chsp*a_O d OSZOV#u prOíd,MmRa_mRhsORQWVxz^PQrSHV ]c^PQ*Q!Oílk*YacOp!Y ]cQ*SZ]_p Od O afM]c^PQ!]qlX[\V ]c^PQd O.l k!Yx[`STO`|
Op!Y ]cQ*SZ]_p Od,M]c^PQ!]qlX[\V ]c^PQ Y mnl]qd O d![bQ*l±aq[ p!YX^Pr[b!]ca_]_V m dMmRS't*[PQ!NPORYFk!Q~mZacORSTV YX^PQidMk!Q[\VX^PhiOjWk!]*ORQ`VXY OORQ~ST^PQWV'[PSHV [POnSík!Q*O pr[bYX^P]p!aq[PSTmRO )k!Q*O"SZOZY VX[P]_Q!O±V ORhiprmRYX[bV k!YXOP| OTV V O)p!Y ^`*[b*]_ac]yVXm d mZp OZQrd d k p ^bVXOZQWV ]cOZadM]c^PQ*]clX[\VX]_^`Q d OaM[\VX^PhiO zQ!^PV m9 }d k V Y'[[P]_aid Ol^`YVX]_O zQ*^bV m ¤l d Oaq[p*[bYX^P]OTVvd!Oac[V ORhiprmRYX[bV k!YXOP|0 a_acO{d mZp OZQrd [Pk*lXl] d k YX[Pp!p ^PY Vd Onld OZN`Y mnld Od mZN`mZQ!mRY Onl SZOZQ*SZOd O¤afM[bV ^`hsO Q!ORk V YXO zN$ OTVd O.afM]c^PQ¤î zN | [¤*N`k!YXO-(!|_îhi^PQWVXY OafMmZP^`a_k!V ]c^PQd Ovaq[p!YX^Pr[b!]ca_]_V m dM]_^`Q!]ql [bV ]c^PQ!)S't*[`jWk!O~ST^PQWV'[PSHVp ^Pk!Yd ]_ mZYXOZQWVXlwV#u p ORl.d O h~[\VXmZYX]c[Pk o z^o u d Od OV k*Q!N`lV ¥RQ!OP}]cY ]qd ]ck!h}(p*ac[bV ]cQ!OP}FSZ[PY ^PQ!OgOTV(V k!Q*N`lV ¥ZQ*O OZQxz^`Q*SHVX]_^`Q;d k;pr^PV ORQ`VX]_ORa dM]c^PQ*]clX[\VX]_^`Q OTVp ^Pk*Yk!Q!OV ORhiprmRYX[bV k!YXO.d O.ac[sp*[PY ^`]d O5$$($i| 'BQ ^PrlORY `Op*[bY=OTo OZhip!acOjWk!O{aq[p!YX^P*[P!]ca_]_V mjWk,M[k!Q
î`î#$ ò+ózôõ*( |cîö ¯YX^Pr[b!]ca_]_V mdMmRS'tr[bQ!N`OZY(k!Q;mRa_OnSHVXY ^`Q;[POnSk*Q!O pr[bYX^P] )S't*[PjWk!OSZ^PQWVX[`SHVpr^`k!Y¯k!Q!OgVXOZhiprmRYX[bV k!YXOd O8$$($P ORQ@xz^PQ*STV ]c^PQd kpr^PV OZQWVX]_ORa dM]_^`Q!]clX[\VX]_^`Q,| [bV ^`hsOd!Ol^ d ]ck!h)d,MmnS't*[bQ!N`OZY+k!QmZacORSTV YX^PQlk*Yk!Q!O.p*[PY ^`] ORQ{SZ[PY ^PQ!OiOnl#V8d Ovî" I h~[b]ql.OZaca_O~Onl#V8l OZk*a_ORhsORQWV;d O)" I
p ^Pk*Ysk*Q[\VX^PhiOd!Oac]yVXt!]ck!h| ¯k!]ql jWk!O@aMO&SR[PST]_V mdM]_^`Q!]_ lX[\VX]_^`Qd mZp OZQ*dd O8ac[sp!YX^P*[P!]ca_]_V mdMmRS'tr[bQ!N`OZY+k!QmZacORSTV YX^PQ [`ORS+k!Q*Op*[bYX^P]!h~[P]cl¯[Pk*lXl]*d!Oac[d!k!Y mROd O ]cOd ORlFQ*^\u`[bk!o OZVid!^PQ*S@d k{VXOZhip*lid OST^`a_aq[bN`ODlk*Y;aq[p*[PY ^`]}(]cagOnl#V~[bkrl l ] ]chipr^`YV'[bQWVDd OS't!^`]cl ]cYsk*Qh~[bV mZYX]q[bkOZQxz^PQ*STV ]c^PQd Ol ^PQ VXYX[\[P]_a(d O;l ^PY V ]cOOTVOZQxz^PQ*STV ]c^PQvd kV OZhip*lwd OsST^Pacaq[bNPO;d O afM[\V ^`hiOd,M]cQWV mZY
Vl k!Yaq[sp*[bYX^P]f|
M]c^PQ*]clX[\VX]_^`Qd!O8lk*Yx[`STOp OZYXhiOTVBdM^P!V OZQ*]_Ywd ORl]_^`Q*l[baqSZ[b ac]cQ*l+k!Q!]qjWk!OZhiOZQWVhi^PQ!^PßS'tr[bYXNPmRlR|^Pk*Y+[Pk!NPhiORQ`VXOZY+afMmRQ!OZY N`]_O=dMk*Qx[b]ql SZOR[bk#k*lXjWk,M)d ORlDmZQ!ORY N`]_Onl~mZacOZ`mZORlR}F]cax[bk!V [Pk!NPhiORQ`VXOZYacOZk*YmTV'[\Vd O8S'tr[bYXNPOOZQaq[ST^`k!p!aq[bQWV[PORSk*Q!O l ^Pk*YXSZOdM]_^`Q*l,h;k!ayVX]cS'tr[bYXNPmRlR|6^`k!YK[Pk!NPhiOZQWVXOZY,acOZk!Y(mTV'[\Vd O S'tr[bYXNPOP},d!OZk o=V#uWp ORl8d OhimTVXt!^ d ORlcîgl^`Q`V8[`SHVXk!OZaca_ORhiOZQWV k!V ]ca_]qlmRORld*[bQ*ld ]_ mZYXOZQWVXl+aq[b ^PY'[\VX^P]cY Onl°
î`|. ¯M]_Q\#OnSHVX]_^`Qd![bQ*l+k*Q!Ol^`k!Y'STO 4; ¯acORSTV YX^PQgOR[bh U^PQ ^Pk!Y'STOsk VX]_ac]cl mZO ) 4 ' } 8/} k*]clXlOip*[PY OTo OZhip!acO
!|. ¯M]_Q\#OnSHVX]_^`Q=d![PQ*lk!Q*Osl ^Pk!Y'STO 'g% 4 ¯a_OnSHVXY ^`Q uW STac^bV YX^PQORl ^PQr[bQ*SZO U^`Q ^`k!Y'STOP}.k!V ]ca_]qlmRO ) 4 % B} 3% /* 5g}g[bQ*[`d![8pr[bYOTo ORhsp*a_O ORlF[\[bQWV'[bNPOnl d O+aq[himZV t!^ d O 4sl^`QWVg°\acOgSZ^Pk!Y VV ORhsprl d,M]c^PQ!]qlX[\V ]c^PQ }!a_OnlmTV'[\V'ld OS't*[PY N`OBmRa_ORPmRl+OZVacOx[b]c!a_OV'[bk o d,M]chip!k!YXOTV mnlZ|; [SZ^Phip!acOTo ]_V mDd OSTODl u l#VX¥ZhiOOTV;ac[d!k!Y mRO d!O ]_Owd Oaq[8SR[\VXt!^ d Ol ^PQWVacORlpr^`]_QWVXlx[b]c!acORlgd OBSZOTV V OhimZ VXt!^ d OP|+ ORli[\[bQWVX[PNPOnl;d O@aq[vhimTVXt!^ d O g% 4l^`QWV@°Faq[ p ^`lXl ]_!]cac]yVXmdM]cQ\#OnSHV ORYk!Qsx[P]clXSTOn[bk@î d!Op!a_krlxz^PY V O]cQWV OZQ! l ]_V miOTV.aq[Dx[`ST]ca_]_V m~d OiYXmZN`ac[PNPORlBd k¤lu lV ¥ZhiO`| ,Osp!Y ^`!ac¥ZhiO d!ODSTOZVV ODhsmZV t!^ d ODORlVa_O~V'[bk oY ORac[bV ]cPORhsORQWVmZacOZPmd,M]chs p*k!Y OZV mnlZ| O.lu lV ¥ZhiOBp!Y mnlORQWV mwp*[bY+aq[;l k!]_V OwORlVgk!Q@OZQrlORh8!acOwSZ]_*a_OZ l ^Pk*YXSZO;mZV k*d ]cm~p ^Pk!Yaq[p*Y ^ d k*STV ]c^PQd Ol^ d ]ck!h´OZVd Oipr^P V'[PlXl]ck!h)YX[`d ]_^W[PSTV ]_xlZ| Ua,YXOZp ^`l O.lk!YacOST^`k!p!aq[bN`OBORQ`VXY O.k*Q!O l ^Pk*YXSZO )]c^PQ!]qlX[\V ]c^PQd OBl k!Y x[PSTOBOTVgk!Q!Ol^`k!YXSZO0 g% 4| K[ ST^Pk*YXld Ohi^ d ]_rSZ[bV ]c^PQ*lpr^`k!Y^`p V ]chi]cl OZYaMO&SR[PST]_V mV ^PVX[bacO pr^`k!YFac[Bp!YX^ d k*SHVX]_^`Qsd!O+© R OTV X 6X| Od ORY Q*]_ORY(mRa_mRhiOZQWV ORlVgp*[PYVX]cSZk!ac]_¥RY ORhsORQWVgd ]&ST]ca_O )p*Y ^ d k!]cYXOwSR[bY+l [;d k!YXmZOd O W]cO.ORlVd Ol OZk!acOZhiOZQWVd O*|";h~lOZVl^`Qp ^bVXOZQWV ]cOZa d!O.p!Y OZ hs]c¥ZYXO]c^PQ!]ql [bV ]c^PQsa_Op!a_krlFmZacOZ`md ORl[baqSZ[bac]cQ*lZ| *Q!Od Onl¯d ]&i STk!a_V mnl+Y ORQ*ST^`Q`VXY mRORlpr^`k!Y+V ^`k*l+acORl+mZacmZhiORQ`V'ljWk!OaM^PQ@PORk V p!Y ^ d k*]_YXOB[`ORSSZOTVVXOhsmZV t!^ d OwORlVd OBac]chs]_V ORY+ac[8prORYVXOwd k! YX[PQ`VacOV Y'[bQ*l p ^PY VR}!dMk!Q!Opr[bY V+ORQWV YXO.ac[iST]c!acOOTVaq[~l ^Pk!Y'STO dM]c^PQ*]clX[\VX]_^`Qî ±OZV+dM[bk!V YXOp*[PYVgOZQWV YXOBaq[8l ^Pk*YXSZO8î ±OZVgaq[ l^`k!YXSZOwd,M]c^PQ*l+h;k!a_V ]qS't*[bYXNPmnlZ| 7J7i 4(£ ;£I ¢ T£ ¢ 0 ( iJ,0 OZVOZQ*l OZh;!a_OOnl#VST^`Q*lV ]_V k!mdMk!Q!Ol ^Pk*YXSZO)s]c^PQ!]ql [bV ]c^PQ d O;l k!Y x[PSTO;OTV.dMk!Q!Oil^`k!YXSZO8dM]_^`Q*l g ß| Osl u l#VX¥ZhiO d O.p!YX^ d!k*SHVX]_^`Q@dM]c^PQ*lhi^`Q!^bUS't*[bYXNPmnlOnl#VSZ^PQ*lV ]_V k*mdMk*Q!O ST]c!a_O~d Oip!YX^ d k*STV ]c^PQvORQSR[bYXr^`Q!OsNPY'[bp!t!]_V O`} k!Qvxz^`k!Yn} k*Q!O SZ[ ]yVXmP}!dMk!QYXmT¦*OnSHVXOZk!YOZVdMk*Q@]c^PQ*]cl OZk!Yn} acOV ^Pk!VOZQg[bY r^`Q!OP|$ K[il^`k!YXSZOwd,M]c^PQ*l+h;k!a_V ]qS't*[bYXNPmnl 'g"ORlV+aq[~l ^Pk!Y'STO / %8/ ' '%8/ 6
)
~k V ]cac]cl mZOlk*Y * #-% / u l#VX¥ZhiO d O ¯YX^ d!k*SHVX]_^`Qd,M U^`Q*l~[Pd!]_^W[PSHVX]yxl %SRSTmRa_mRY mnliOZQ ,]cNPQ!O`} '%8/# } %0 /8} 5*YX[PQ*STO
p ^Pk!Yac[p!YX^ d!k*SHVX]_^`Q%d ONW[ YX[`d ]_^W[PSTV ]_xlZ| K[ac]cNPQ!Od OiVXYX[PQ*l pr^`YV.OZQWVXY O~aq[l^`YVX]_O~d Oaq[ l^`k!YXSZO )]c^PQ!]qlX[\V ]c^PQ{d!Ol k!Yx[`STOOZV;afMORQWV YXmZOd!ODaq[vl ^Pk!Y'STO gíOnl#V+ST^PQrl#VX]yVXk!mZOdMk!Q!OmRa_OnSHVXY ^ d OwdMOZo V Y'[PSHVX]_^`Q,} dMk*Q!O a_ORQ`VX]_acacO mZacORSTV YX^`lVX[bV ]qj`k*O ¯]cQ ZORa
}dMk*Q ST^`k*d O d!ORlV ]cQ!m )±afM]_Q\#OnSHVX]_^`Q d!Oac[ Y'[Pd ]c^xzYXmRjWk!ORQ*STOOZVdMk*Q VXk! Oíd O d mRSZmZacmZY'[\V ]c^PQ |&'BQ3]_Qb#ORSHVXO±d ]cYXORSHVXOZhiOZQWVacOíx[P]clXSTOn[bkî d![bQ*l+aq[il^`k!Y'STO g"l [PQ*l+lmRp*[bY'[\VX]_^`Qd O.h~[`l l OP| B[PQ*lacO8SZ[`ld Oaq[~p!YX^ d k*STV ]c^PQdM]cl ^bVX^Pp ORld O&/[iOZV i}!acO x[b]ql SZOR[bk~p*Y ]ch~[b]cY OOnl#V+[bYXY
V md![PQ*lac[;ST]c!a_Owd Op*Y ^ d k*STV ]c^PQ ST^Phip ^`l mZOd Oac[PhsORa_acORld O8$*}"bhsh dMmZp*[P]clXl OZk!Y¯OZVOnlp*[`STmRORl d O&$*}Phih@| [xz^PYXhsO;ORlVSZ^PQ!]qjWk!O8p ^Pk*YBt!^`hi^PNPmRQ!mZ]ql OZYacO d mZp bV.d Osp!k!]ql lX[bQ*SZOsd!kx[b]qlXSTOR[Pkvp!YX]chi[P]_YXOP| ,OiS't*[Pk [PNPO ^Pt!hi]qj`k*ODORlViY mn[bac]cl m,)vaM[b]qd Od,Mk!Qxz^Pk*Y;ORQSZ[PY ^PQ*OP|7 O Y mZ¦*ORSTV OZk*YORQ±SZ[PY ^PQ*Ovp OZYXhsOZVd O=ac]chs]_V ORYac[p!k!]ql lX[bQrSTO d OS't*[bk! [PNPOQ!mRSZORlXl [P]_YXOP| K[sV OZhip mZY'[\VXk!Y O.d O.aq[~ST]c!acO.ORlV d O $($$[b*Qd Ox[`^PYX]cl OZY;ac[ ]_V ORlXl O@d Od ]_ k*l]c^PQd Onl mZacmZhiOZQWVXlwp!YX^ d k!]_VXlR| [SZ[ ]yVXm;ORQSR[bYXr^`Q!O;l OZY V )Dac]_hi]_V ORY a_O±P^Pack!hiOdMOT k*l ]_^`Q d Onl[bV ^PhiOnlZ|%eaq[ l ^PY V ]cOd Oaq[ l^`k!YXSZO )]c^PQ!]ql [bV ]c^PQ{d O@lk*Yx[`STOP} a_Onl8]c^PQ*l;l^`QWV;[PSRSTmZacmZYXmRlR| Uacll ^PQWV.xz^ SZ[Pa_]ql mRl.p ^Pk!YV Y'[POZY'l OZYwa_O~VXY ^`kdMk*Q{d ]c[Phi¥TV YXO d O \hih d k¤ST^`k*d O~5OZVprmRQ!mTVXY ORYd*[bQ*laq[l^`k!YXSZO,/ ;| ,Ox[b]qlXSTOR[Pkd,M]c^PQ*liOnl#Vpr[bY~aq[lk!]_V Od!mRSTmRa_mRY mp ^Pk!Y V YXO SZ[bp!V k!YXmp*[bYacOp!ac[`lh~[id O.aq[il^`k!YXSZO 'g.| *Q!Ovl ^Pk!Y'STO g5xz^`Q*SHVX]_^`Q!Q!OOZQ]cQ\#ORSTVX[PQ`Vk!Q!O^`Q*d O mZacORSHVXY ^`h~[bNPQ*mTV ]qjWk!O )+ac[gxzYXmRjWk!ORQ*STO¯SZu STac^bV YX^PQ*]cjWk!OFd Onl,mZacORST V YX^PQ*lR| OS't*[bhiph~[PNPQ!mZV ]qj`k*ODORlVST^`QTkd!Ox[T^`Q )vSZO j`k*O8acORlBmZacORSHVXY ^`Q*lwl^`]_ORQ`VST^`Q *Q!mnlBd![PQ*lBk!Qk!Q!Os ^Pk VXOZ]ca_acO hi[PNPQ!mZV ]qjWk!OP| ¯M]_QWV ORYX[`SHVX]_^`Q¤d!ODafM^`Q*d OD[`ORSiacORlmRa_OnSHVXY ^`Q*l prORY hiOTVdM[bk!N`hiOZQWV ORYacOZk!Y+mRQ!OZYXNP]cOST]cQ!mZV ]qj`k*OP| ,Onl[bV ^`hsOnl p!Y mnlORQWVXl d*[bQ*lKac[Bl^`k!Y'STO¯l ^PQWVK]c^PQ!]ql mRl,pr[bYST^Pacac]cl ]_^`Q[POnSFa_Onl
îPî`î
ò+ózôõ(!|~öS ^Pk!Y'STOidM]_^`Q*l.l ^ d!]_k!h OTV.pr^PVX[`l l ]_k*h´h8k!a_V ]_ S't*[bYXNPmnl8°,[`l l ^ ST]q[\VX]_^`QvdMk!Q!O~l^`k!Y'STO )D]c^PQ!]qlX[\V ]c^PQd O~lk*Y x[PSZOOTVd,Mk!Q*Ol^`k!YXSZO g a_OnSHV YX^PQ u SZa_^PV YX^PQORl ^b Q*[bQrSTO 7J7i £ 8ZJI T£ 0 ¢ ; 0*4(I ;!0 ¢ 0I Op!YXOZhi]_ORYiV Onl#Vt!^`YXliac]cNPQ!O lX[bQrlix[b]ql SZOR[Pkp!YX]chi[P]_YXO OT ORSTV k!m8[`ORSBa_Ol u l#VX¥ZhiO.d ^PQWVQ!^`k*ld ]qlp ^`l ]c^PQ*l[sp OZYXhs]ql d Ol OwYXOZQrd Y O.SZ^Phip V Od!Owp*a_k*l ]cOZk!Y'l+p!YX^P!ac¥ZhiORl° îP|' UaQ,MOTo ]clVX[P]yVp*[`lBd OsNPY'[Pd!]_ORQ`Vd Ospr^PV OZQWVX]_ORa(ORQWV YXO8acORl OTo VXY mRhs]_V mnlBd!kV k! Os]_^`Q!]cl OZk*YR|*Q=S'tr[bhipmZacORSTV YX]cjWk!O [bk*YX[P]yVp OZYXhi]cldM[PSZSZmZacmZYXOZYFaq[l ^PY V ]cOd ORl]_^`Q*l¯k*Q!Oxz^P]ql STORk o ßSZ]!]c^PQ!]qlmnl(OTV[b]cQ*l ]!mZ ]_V ORYFpr^`k!YFk!Q!Op*[PYV¯dMOZQWVXY O OZk!oj`k M]caclsl OYXOTßQ!OZk!V Y'[bac]cl OZQWV;l k!Ysac[vp*[bYX^P]gd k]c^PQ!]_ l OZk!Yn| |. [V ORhsp mZY'[\VXk!YXOBd Ol^`YVX]_Owd k~VXk!rO]c^PQ!]ql OZk!YmTVX[P]yVd O î6!$($Pi} d!^PQ*SBV YX¥Rlg]cQ xzmZYX]cOZk!YXO );aq[;V ORhsp mZY'[\VXk!YXOw^`p V ]_ h~[bacOYXORS't!ORYXS't!mROgd!O8$($$i| K[Bp*Y ^`*[b!]cac]yVXmdM]c^PQ*]clX[\ V ]c^PQ¤[bk=ST^PQWV'[PSHV.d Osac[p*[PY ^`]KORQ=SZ[PY ^PQ*O8mTV'[b]_Vd!^PQ*S ]cQ xzmZYX]_ORk!YXO)=aq[=\[Pa_ORk!YiY OnS't!OZY'S't!mZO`| UaOnl#Vd ^`Q*Sp!Y ]_ hi^PY'd ]q[baKjWk!O8aMOZQ*l OZh;!acO8d k]c^PQ!]ql OZk!Yl ^P]_Vp ^PY V m )ac[ V ORhiprmRYX[bV k!YXOd mRl ]cY mROP|
)
|. ¯M]c^PQ!]qlORk!YOnl#VORQSZ[bYX ^PQ!O`| ]KSZO.hi[bV mRY ]q[bkp!YXmRl OZQWV O k!Q V Y'[[P]_asd Ol^`YVX]_O{]cQWV mRY Onl lX[bQWVvp ^Pk!Yaq[íp!ack!p*[PYV d Onl[baqSZ[Pa_]cQ*lR}bdM[bk VXY Onlhi[bV mRY ]q[bk oil^`QWVORQ W]qlX[bNPOn[b!acORl p ^Pk!Y[Pk!NPhiOZQWVXOZY+aM]c^PQ!]ql [bV ]c^PQd ORl[PacSR[bac]_Qrl );xz^`YVp ^b V ORQWV ]cOZaKd,M]c^PQ!]qlX[\V ]c^PQDV ORa jWk!O.a_O.ac]_V t!]ck!h|7OZVV O.p ^`lXl ]y !]ca_]_V m.Onl#V-);aMmTVXk*d O`| ^Pk!YS't*[`j`k*OBh~[\VXmZYX]c[PkD]c^PQ!]ql OZk!Y OZQ ]ql [PNPmP}*]_aKORlVBQ!mnSTORlXlX[b]cY O.d OslZM[PlXlk*Y ORYj`k MORQST^Pk*YXl d Oxz^`Q*SHVX]_^`Q!Q!OZhiORQ`Vn}!STOh~[\VXmZYX]c[PkNW[bY'd Owl ORlgp!YX^Pp*Y ]cmT V mnlh~[Pa_N`Y ml ^PQmRPOZQWVXk!OZaca_O8pr^`a_ack V ]c^PQ=lk!Y x[PSZ]cjWk!O8p*[bY d Onl]_hip!k!YXOTVXmRl^`k )SZ[Pk*l Osd Oi\[bYX]q[\V ]c^PQrlwd!Oil ORl.SR[\ Y'[PSHVXmZYX]clV ]qjWk!ORl*)it*[Pk V OwVXOZhiprmRYX[bV k!YXOP| !*|. ,OBY OZxzY ^`]cd!]clXlORhiOZQWV[bk~Q*]_`OR[bkd!kDST^`Y p*ld Oaq[l ^Pk!Y'STO )]c^PQ*]clX[\VX]_^`Q{d Ol k!Y x[PSTODmTVX[P]yVs]_QrlkK&lX[bQWV8OZV;OZQWVXYX[2c Q*[P]yVk!Q*Od!mZNPY'[Pd*[\V ]c^PQ[PSRSTmZacmZYXmZOd Onlw#^P]cQ`V'l~dMmTVX[PQ S't!mR]yVXmwd OBac[;S't*[bh;!YXOP| *Q!Ohi^ d ]_rSZ[bV ]c^PQhimnSZ[bQ*]cjWk!O ^Pk*p!ac[PNPOd ORll^`k!YXSZORlwî "OTV8/ ° ^Pk!Y[Pk!NPhiORQ`VXOZY+afMO^&~SR[PSZ]yVXmd!OV Y'[bQ*l pr^`YV+OZQWVXY OacORld ORk o l ^Pk!Y'STOnliOTVDp ^Pk!Y[bk!N`hsORQWV OZY~afMO&SZ[`ST]_V md OvSR[bp VXk!YXOd ORl ]c^PQ*l;î pr[bYwa_Osp!aq[Pl hi[S!¯d O;aq[@l^`k!YXSZO5 g} ]caFORlVQ!mT STOnl lX[b]cYXOid!OY mRNPacOZYacORl;d ]_ mRY ORQ`V'lp*[PYX[Phi¥TV YXORl.d!Oac[a_]cNPQ!O d OVXYX[PQ*l pr^`YVn|PjWk!]rl ^PQWVacORl[Pa_ORk!Y'l¯d k~p ^bV ORQWV ]cOZa dMOZo V Y'[PSH V ]c^PQ }d!kp ^bVXOZQWV ]cOZad O@afMmRa_OnSHV YX^ d Od O@xz^ SR[bac]clX[\VX]_^`Q{OTVd k p ^bV ORQWV ]cOZa¯d O~afMmRa_OnSHVXY ^ d Oid O~d mRSZmZacmZY'[\VX]_^`Q,| % ac[d ]&STk!a_V m d O¯YXmZN`ac[PNPOlZM[\#^`k V OFaq[+himRSZ^PQ!Q*[P]clXlX[bQ*SZO([`SHV k*OZaca_Od!OFaMmZhi]_V VX[PQ*STOd O.l ^PY V ]cOBd Oaq[;l ^Pk!Y'STO)8]c^PQ*]clX[\VX]_^`QDd O.lk*Yx[`STOP} jWk!] YXORlV O )DhiORl k!Y ORYR| ^Pk!Ywh~[ 2qV YX]cl OZYBac[@SZ[Pp V k!YXO8d kvx[b]ql SZOR[Pk dM]_^`Q*l.hi^PQ*^bUS't*[bYXNPmnlp*[PY.a_O~p*ac[`lh~[d O~aq[l^`k!YXSZO g.} ]caFORlV]chipr^`YV'[bQWVdMmTV krd ]_ORY.aM]cQ`VXOZY'[PSTV ]c^PQ=d!kvx[P]clXSTOn[bkî [POnSacO;p*ac[`lh~[Dd!O;aq[l ^Pk*YXSZO: g.}afM]cQ ¦*k*OZQ*SZOijWk!Osp OZk V [P^`]_Y+acO8S't*[Phsph~[bN`Q!mTVX]cjWk!O.d O8ac[~l ^Pk!Y'STO.l k!YacOx[b]ql SZOR[Pk OZQWVXYX[PQ`Vn}Ph~[b]ql[Pk*lXl]raM]_Q!¦*k!OZQrSTOBd!kS't*[bhipmRa_OnSHV YX]qj`k*O]clXl k d OnlmZacORSTV YX^ d ORlBd Oaq[~a_]cNPQ*O8d OVXYX[PQ*l pr^`YV^`kd kp ^bV ORQWV ]cOZa p!aq[Pl h~[!| w[bQ*l+acOSZ[`d Y O.d Oaq[sp!Y ^ d krSHV ]c^PQd k X 6° ¯MOZQrlORh8!acO=SZ]_!acO¤l^`k!YXSZOP}gp!YXmRl OZQWV md![bQ*l@STO¤d ^ STk*hsORQWVR} d ^`]yV VXY O+^`p V ]chi]cl mSZ[bYFacO
,mZVX[PQ`VFafM[PacSR[bac]_QsacOgp*a_k*lFd!]&i ST]cacO )+]_^`Q!]qlORY,OTVl [d k*Y mRO¯d O¯ ]_OmTVX[PQWV,V YX¥Rl,SZ^Pk!Y V O !}"\h~l } V ^`k*lFacORlFp ^P]cQWVXl¯SZ]yVXmRl¯SZ]yUd Onl l k*l¯l ^PQWVdM[bk V'[bQWV¯p!ack*lF]chipr^`Y VX[PQWVXlR|
BO@p*a_k*lR}¯acOp*[bY'ST^`k!YXlsdM[bYXY Vid!k X
68d![bQrl;acOSZ[PY ^PQ!O ORlVdMk!Q!Op*[bY VYXOZaq[\V ]cPORhiOZQWVF]_hip ^PY VX[bQWV ) "bhsh }`dM[bk VXY O p*[PYV¯VXY ¥nl¯d ]_ mRY ORQWVd OBSZOZack!]rd!kix[b]ql SZOR[bk~p*Y ]ch~[b]cY O: Yhih } ]chsp*a_]qjWk*[bQWVvk!Q xz^`YVvN`YX[`d ]cOZQWVd OV ORhiprmRYX[bV k!YXO{d![bQrlac[ ST]c!acO;l ](SZOTV V O;d!OZYXQ!]_¥RY O8ORlVBOZQvk!Q!O;l OZk*a_O;p*[bY V ]cOP}ra_Osd mZp bV d O=p!k!]ql lX[bQ*SZOv[u`[PQWVDp!YX]_Q*SZ]_pr[bacOZhiOZQWVDac]_ORk±d![PQ*lacORl@l OZp V p!YXOZhi]cOZY'lhi]_acac]_hi¥TVXY OnlBd!O;aq[ST]c!acOP| ,Oslu lV ¥RhsOslORYX[Dd ^PQ*S ST^`Q*lV ]_V k!m8d!O8d OZk!o@ST]c!acORlR}*k!Q*Op!YXOZhi]_¥RY OSZ]_*a_O8d!ORlV ]cQ!mZO ) [bYXY V ORYacOx[b]qlXSTOR[PkDp!YX]chi[P]_YXOwOTV-)sp!Y ^ d k*]_YXOa_OnlgxzYX[PNPhiOZQWVXl Y'[Pd ]c^`[`SHV ]_xlBOTVk!Q!OilOnST^PQrd O;SZ]_!acOP}d ]_V ODST]c!a_OidM[bYXY V`} d![PQ*l+ac[`jWk!OZaca_OacORl+xzY'[bN`hiOZQWVXl+lRM[PY Y VXOZYX^PQWVR| ,Od ]chiOZQ*l ]c^PQ Q!ORhsORQWVid Oac[ST]c!acOd O@p!YX^ d k*SHVX]_^`Qd mRprORQ*dd kx[b]ql SZOR[Pk p!YX]_h~[P]_YXOBk!V ]ca_]qlm`}*d Ol ^PQ@]_QWVXOZQ*l ]yVXm.OTVd O.l ^PQ@mZQ!ORY N`]_O`| ^PQrSTOZYXQ*[PQ`Viaq[SZ]_*a_OdM[bYXY VR}k!Qh~[\VXmZYX]c[Pkk VX]_ac]cl mp ^Pk!Y lX[.x[b*Y ]qSZ[bV ]c^PQ~VXOZajWk!O, UYR}*FVn} 3([ ac]_hi]_V OZY'[b]_V+a_OBp*[bY'ST^`k!YXl dM[bYXY VgOZVR}*d*[bQ*l+acO.SZ[Pl+d O.afM UYOTV FVR}rp*[bY V ]qST]cp OZY'[b]_V*)safM]c^b Q!]ql [bV ]c^PQd k X 6[\rQdM[Pk!NPhiORQ`VXOZYafMO^&SZ[PSZ]yVXm.V ^PVX[Pa_Od k l u lV ¥RhiOP|7*Q!OsmTVXk*d O8Onl#VwV ^`k V O8xz^P]qlQ*mRSTOnl lX[b]cYXOpr^`k!YwmZ\[\ ack!OZYacORlgV'[bk od!Owp*Y ^ d k*STV ]c^PQd ORlmZacmZhiOZQWVXld!k*l[bk oY mn[PSH V ]c^PQrl,d k!Onl [bkQ!ORk V YX^PQrl l ORST^`Q*d![P]_YXORl ]clXlk*ORl,d Oac[SZ]_!acO¯d O p!YX^ d k*SHVX]_^`Q@[`ORSa_O.lV ^Pp*prORk!YOTVl ]^PQQ,MORQ!NPORQ*d YXOp*[Pl+d O Q!^`k!POn[bk oiY ]qlXj`k*ORlgd kDp ^P]cQWV+d Ow k!Op*Y ^ d k*STV ]c^PQQWkrSTacmR[b]cYXO p*[PYY'[bp!p ^PY VB[bk=lu lV ¥ZhiOORQxz^PQrSHV ]c^PQ*Q!OZhiOZQWV.[PSTV k!ORa_acO8d O p!]cY'[bagî;jWk!]FST^`hsp ^PY V O;k!Q!O;xzOZQ V YXO;hi]cQ*STOid O 3K[DOTVk!Q!O ST]c!acOTUl#VX^Pp!p OZk*Y+V ^Pk!V B|
&8 & 7 - 36&8 & 5
!
1
î`î
OZVa_ORk!Y[b]qd O.p ^Pk!Yaq[sY mn[bac]clX[\VX]_^`Qd OSZOp!Y ^P#OTVn|
/ /*4;0%
0I
cî^`hshi]ql l ]c^PQ U 3 Y ^P#ORSHVn} *Q*[ba YXOZp ^PY V ($($(!*} t*[PY N`O gYXOZORd!]_Q!Nr| tWVVXp ° W2W2W.|tr[!|p!t u l ] |k!Q!]_ h;k!OZQ*S't*OZQ,|d O\^`ORlV OZYORk!Q!OZV | B| 9 ' /} 4)($($" }`B]cY OnSHVî V ^;Q hiOTVXt!^ d~xz^`Y p!YX^ d k*STV ]c^PQYX[`d ]c^`[PSTV ]cPOw[ba[Pa_]cQ!O]c^PQ*lR| ) s| [Pk! OZY VOTV[baf|c} 4$$" |
! 53+t!¥nlO /]qST^`ac[`l t*[bk*W]cQ,| 3+t!¥Rl O d Od ^ SHVX^PY'[\V #î$ #k!]caca_OZV $($$
} UQrl#VX]yVXk V d ORl SZ]_ORQ*STOnl /k*SZa_mn[b]cY Onl d O wY ORQ!^P*a_O 9 /
)
}3*8/# Uñ 3 *'+ V 5' *% ± 0 / '* 9 H|
