• Aucun résultat trouvé

Étude des processus physiques de la formation d'étoiles par effondrement gravo-turbulent

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Étude des processus physiques de la formation d'étoiles par effondrement gravo-turbulent"

Copied!
133
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Étude des processus physiques de la formation d’étoiles par effondrement gravo-turbulent Pierre Marchand. To cite this version: Pierre Marchand. Étude des processus physiques de la formation d’étoiles par effondrement gravoturbulent. Astrophysique [astro-ph]. Université de Lyon, 2017. Français. �NNT : 2017LYSE1154�. �tel-01677949�. HAL Id: tel-01677949 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01677949 Submitted on 8 Jan 2018. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) 00 1234145 006 7 89

(3) . . 01234 54 56706890 54

(4) 4830 54 6 012324 56 7489 4. 01234567849 0

(5) 6 673

(6) 7 3  06 97

(7) 06  84 6  89784 6 6 3  4

(8) 049 6 97

(9) 9 ! 89784 6. 06

(10) 4964 16 86449

(11) 4  153 .  . 01234 345 678945525 6 5

(12) 245 34  871

(13) 8 318

(14) 45 67 4837441 78127241 459

(15) 4 63 01072 4 . 012345 67894  4335 45 5

(16) . 33 431

(17) 151 43!55"4 #$  3  013 84  43!55"4 &'!341 ( )54 * 814 5

(18) 37 4335 +

(19) 0  3    5 +,4- 15 45,54,5 +

(20) 01234 3 488  . 455"4 15 45,54,5 +

(21). 4 155 %%345"4 %%345"45 ' 5"4 ' 5"4 . 455"4 15 ,5.

(22) 

(23)   

(24)        . !"  #$% &' & . 

(25) 

(26)   

(27) 

(28). "#

(29) 

(30) $  

(31) %

(32) &'(

(33) %).  

(34) 

(35)   

(36)    . "#

(37) 

(38) $  

(39)  

(40) ''*.  

(41)

(42) 

(43)   

(44)  

(45)

(46) 

(47)    

(48). "#

(49) 

(50) $  

(51) 

(52) %'*)'.  

(53) 

(54) 

(55) 

(56)   . "#

(57) +

(58) **,'.   

(59)  

(60)  

(61) !  . "

(62)  

(63) "%(

(64).      

(65) 

(66) " 

(67) *-

(68) '

(69) .

(70)  

(71) &  .   

(72) 6

(73) "#

(74) 

(75) $  

(76) #3'

(77).   

(78) 

(79) " 

(80)

(81) 

(82) "/ 

(83) *-

(84) ! 

(85) .

(86)  

(87) " 2.   

(88) 6

(89) "

(90) 

(91) $  

(92) #

(93) &)**3(.   

(94) 3 4

(95) )  

(96)  

(97) !  

(98)   

(99)

(100) &4  )  

(101)  

(102) !  

(103)

(104) 5   

(105) 

(106) 

(107)   .  

(108) 

(109) $ 

(110)

(111)  

(112) 

(113)   

(114)

(115) &4

(116) % .   

(117) 6

(118) "#

(119) 

(120) $  

(121) #

(122) &3 '3)!   

(123) 6

(124) "

(125) 

(126) $  

(127) #

(128) )() '   

(129) 6

(130) "#

(131) 7#

(132) '35   

(133) 6

(134) "

(135) 

(136) $  

(137) "#

(138) !%355.    

(139)            

(140)  

(141) !  

(142)

(143) 5  4 .   

(144) 6

(145) "#

(146) #

(147) '

(148) "%).  

(149) &4.   

(150) 6

(151) "#

(152) 

(153) $  

(154) #

(155) 5%''(

(156).  

(157) 

(158) &.   

(159) 6

(160) "

(161) #

(162)

(163) '*)7.  

(164) '.   

(165) 6

(166) "#

(167) %

(168) %""3).  

(169) ) $  .   

(170) 6

(171) "#

(172) 

(173) $  

(174) !#

(175) <<3%'.  

(176) "   .   

(177) 6

(178) "#

(179) 

(180) $  

(181) #

(182) 53"(3.  

(183) "  .   

(184) 6

(185) "#

(186) 

(187) $  

(188) %#

(189) &'(

(190) %).  

(191) - .   

(192) 6

(193) "#

(194) 

(195) $  

(196)

(197) =

(198) *'('5

(199). 

(200) !  

(201)

(202) 5   

(203)  

(204)   

(205) - 

(206)

(207) !     

(208) 6

(209) "#

(210) >#(3**'

(211)

(212) 3+  

(213)  

(214) !  

(215) 

(216)   

(217) 

(218) *-.   

(219) 6

(220) "#

(221) &#

(222) )'3()

(223). - 

(224) *-.   

(225) 6

(226) "#

(227) 

(228) $  

(229) '#')(. '

(230) !  

(231) 

(232) 

(233) -

(234) '    .   

(235) 6

(236) "#

(237) #

(238) ) (*5. )  

(239)    

(240) 

(241) 5  4

(242) 

(243) *-

(244) 8.   

(245) 6

(246) "#

(247) 

(248) $  

(249) #

(250) )53(. '

(251) !  

(252) 

(253) $ 

(254)

(255) 

(256) '  .   

(257) 6

(258) "#

(259) 

(260) $  

(261) #

(262) "3 ()355'. )  

(263) 

(264) ! 

(265)   9

(266)

(267) ;   .   

(268) 6

(269) "#

(270) (#

(271) *'&3)!('.

(272) 0.

(273) 1. 012341. 23456 768 9468 1 58

(274) 68

(275) 48  47168  5655

(276)    1 5 73 1

(277) 68 68

(278)  4

(279)  1 5 74   65 15 1946   65  186

(280)    1 5 74 

(281) 8 76

(282) 36 57665 1  1 556

(283) 941 7 556 16 

(284) 3 1

(285) 6  6. 6 9468 1 5 68 6

(286) 16  76 5 64 5  568!  6

(287)    1 5 76

(288) 5 68 4

(289)   1 5 7345 8"8 6 1516# $4 546 76  8 6

(290)

(291) 16 

(292) 3 1

(293) 6 %5

(294) 6!

(295) 6 8"8 6 67

(296)  576 & 1  76 8 5  65 15 1946! 6

(297) 481648  68848 8 5 58 4 6

(298) 1946 6 5  56# ' 48 5 48  565  58 84

(299)  5 "7 7"51946 ()*$+ 5 517

(300) 6! 45  

(301) 186 941 66 76 716

(302) 6  4

(303) 6 65 6 45 ,4176 6 45  5. 1946# $6 5 64868  4768 84 65 946

(304) 315

(305) 46 758

(306) 68  7

(307) 68  19468 6 5419468 66 76 6  7416 76 - 5 

(308) 18 6

(309) 68 86 1 58! 941 8 5 ! 6

(310) 68 814

(311)  1 58 5419468!

(312) 68 864

(313) 8  "658 76 68 6

(314) 68  7

(315) 68  19468 65 8  "81946# $58 45 616 6 8! 5 48 76

(316) 58 45  76 941 

(317) 4

(318) 6

(319) 3941

(320) 16 11946 768 

(321)  65 8   85

(322) 6  76

(323)  4 46  1

(324) 6#. ' 48 4 58 1581 6  46

(325) 68 818 11 8 76

(326) . )*$ 5 517

(327) 6 941 8 5 65841 6 4 1

(328) 1868 758 5 8 814

(329)  1 58 5419468# ' 48  471 58 

(330) 6 65

(331) 315,4656 76

(332) 481648  68 84 68 

(333) 648! 5 65  5655

(334)  4

(335)  1 5 76 158 76 4881 6# ' 48 5 48 15 688 58 65841 6 

(336) 366 *

(337)

(338) ! 45 768  18  68848 76

(339)  )*$ 5 517

(340) 6 6. 65 6 64  471 758 6  5 6 6#. ' 48

(341) 31

(342) 65 58 758

(343) 6  76 64

(344) 165. 012343!. 418. 5 48 66 4 58 768 814

(345)  1 58 5419468 4 945 1%6 8 5 1  6575 45 6 57665. 1  1 556

(346) # 2366 *

(347)

(348) 15,4656 57665

(349)  1

(350)

(351) 6 74 718946 

(352) 5 16! 758

(353) 6946

(354) 86  65

(355) 68

(356) 5 68! 6 6 768 656

(357) 68 76  455 65 8658 15686 74 68 6 74 8"8 6#.

(358) 11. 562789 7. .6 64

(359)  1 5  54

(360)   65 4 18 /176

(361) " 8 47167 15 8    1 5  /  616. 6 8   1 5 7415 6 1  1 5

(362) 

(363)

(364)  86   8 6 8   .18 9468 1 5 18 6

(365)  67. 866

(366) 65 65! 84 8

(367) 56   1 5  6 6 1 5   15" 8"8 6#. 0  6. 68 6

(368)

(369)  

(370) 47 6 %5

(371) 8 ! 6 8"8 6

(372) 868  8  1 8 54

(373)   65 4! 57 866

(374) 65188 6 665  867 6

(375) 15 18 65 65#. 16  48 5 5 5176

(376) 56 . "7 7"518 ()*$+! /1 768168 6 61 4   56 1867 ,417#. 266

(377) 8 47168. 8468.  15

(378) 4715 1 15 6 6 6 1

(379) 57 5461

(380)  76

(381) 8

(382) 678 684

(383) 8  665 /1  86 1 58! /1 6! /1  6 5461

(384) 814

(385)  1 58! 6 5

(386) " /"8 68. 6 6 6 1

(387)  76

(388) 8 15 8  "818# 018 ! /6 766

(389)   76   4 15 6 61

(390) 6941

(391) 114  6

(392) 665 8   815 6 8  6 4 46 8 # .18 /"! /6 6 166 6 

(393) 468  6 6818 11 168 76 61515 6 8 65   866

(394) )*$  68868#. 16 

(395) 8 8 47" 6 15,4656  866

(396) 6 68 5 686 

(397) 468!. 6 15 4

(398)  1 5  6  81"8 1 518 1 5  6   158 56# 16 65  48 5 6 *

(399)

(400) 66 ! 56  6 66  68868  5 5176

(401) )*$ 57 8 1

(402)

(403) 86

(404) " 8 47167 15 18  5 6 # 16 1

(405) 665 1 15 6 64

(406) 615  76. 012343!. 57 6  5461

(407). 814

(408)  1 58 945 1" 1 8 1  5  1  1 5

(409) 

(410)

(411)  86# 38 671 67 " 6 "! 6 *

(412)

(413) 66 8  6 15,4656 5 6 816  6 

(414) 56 " 7184! 15 /1

(415) 56 8  ! 57 6 68 656

(416) 68  8   15 15 6 81 6 716 1 5   6 68  6 8"8 6#.

(417) 111. 0 4 8

(418) 4 72. . 4 73 7! 45 5 6 61  51

(419)

(420) 68 6 665 7 # 8

(421) 8 3 5 7 55

(422) 3  451  76 

(423) 186 45 96 164 76 0: 58# 8

(424) 8 3 5 417 6575 68  18 58 6 &31 64 4  18 

(425) 64 ; # )61 4881  < 14 4  1 8411 76  8  5 1

(426) ! 6 =9468 4 868  5568 1768 (6 8 5  16 >+# =6 6616 

(427) 665 2"

(428) 16 1 ! = 5 5 0661! 

(429) 156 .6946 6 =" 6

(430) 1. 73 1 6  76 16  16 76  5 &4" 6 76 651 &48943 2" 5 4  8 4 6556# =6 6586 4 6586155 8 941 3 5 17 4 4

(431) 5 76 68  4768 6 6 941  6576    45 1

(432) 181# =6 6586 65  14

(433) 16  )6 26

(434) 5 65 61 6! =3 65  ! 2

(435) 56 

(436)

(437) 7  65 

(438) 6! 6. 4 6

(439) 3941 6 74 8 6 76 <18 4 6. 6 84 66 556# )61 4 6

(440) 6 648 6 

(441)  6

(442) 6 16 76 6 5481 > 37165 ( 5 56 4 6. 6  18+! 3

(443) 186 ( 15  15+! =" (45 8 5 4+! '  4 ( 6586   8  16+ 6 <4

(444) (5 +# 8

(445) "  4881 68 768 74 464 768 878 <166 6 5 8 1568 4  1 "81946 65 

(446) 18

(447) 68! 8 5 5 1  86 0

(448) 15

(449) 6 564 76

(450) 468! ?  18  45 6

(451) 651 (65  45+! 6 37165 78 18 

(452) 34 6  4 76

(453)  056 4 6586156

(454) 68 8  168 4 5 65  # =6 6586 4881 4 68 6 74

(455)  6 4 658 946 &31

(456) 6

(457) 181 76  186 4

(458) 1 665  541

(459) 

(460) 46 (- 6 >+! '61

(461) 78 18   6546! 18 6! @

(462) ! 57! . 8! ) 15! 886

(463)

(464) 6! 6 64 68  76

(465) 

(466) 68  5 568  2 565182

(467) . =0! 541

(468)

(469) 46! 0

(470) 156!. 35  5"! ) 67! <6 6### A 418 2  516! 858 941

(471) 6

(472)  56 861 8

(473) 6 96 6 941 1 6 

(474) 665

(475)   1 476 76 4

(476) 6  576 > =6 886

(477) 6  4 4  4

(478) 6 68 6 76 <

(479) 6.  5  46 4 2418868 4

(480)  %5 76

(481) 648  868 > =6 6616 64 941 3 5  1. = 5 11

(482)

(483) 18! ' 4 ?6 84! = 6 *18181! *58. B16! 247/1 C5 666  65! 1

(484) 5 37648 )  ! <1D  8

(485) "1 .14 84"! 26461 @515 ! $16 2 1 8! 6"6 

(486) ! 5 8 ### A 418 64 941 3 5 165 17 74 74 

(487)  %5 2 4 E6, / 6 .68448# )61  68 65 8 941 3 5 8 4 654 6 3 5 7 55 4 68

(488) 68 568 73 

(489) 1  5 96# A5%5! 61  )& 16 6 *5! 8 468 15 188

(490) 68 76  5  564#.

(491) 1. 8 3. 165 8 /8 /1 15 6  4   6  18 5481 ! 8 8  67

(492) 4 8"5 5"8 57 61 868 6 688 6 1768  F  1 5F 57 F6

(493) 1 "F# 8 65 / 57667 / 158# 018 ! /1

(494)

(495) 6 6818 6

(496) 685. 67 (81656 18 

(497) ! 4 18 

(498) 6 /65 516

(499) " /1. 65+  26 57! / /1

(500)

(501) 6 B1 

(502) /

(503) 48

(504) 146  .18

(505) / /8 4

(506) 167 866

(507) 76768  " 6

(508) 15418 56 6 G158

(509) 6" B1  (B1  HIJK! HILI+# 8 8 1 4

(510)  68  15 5" 6 15 5"

(511) 546! 6. n .  8   5 / 7 6. n. 168.

(512) 688 46568 5 6 %8 # 8 8 4" 18 8 51815 57 8 761767 6156 1 8 

(513) 171 " 15 18 / 4#. 0. 0146 H 6865 8 6 46568  6 HM  8   5 / 78 15 18 5481 # 16 %. 5 15686

(514) /. occurence(n) =. α n. 5 6 H:: %8 15 8  18 7 ! 6 6865 67 8 6 67 46. 5 6

(515) ! /1    6

(516)  1 5  6N165 . R ≈ 0.991#. 165 /6   6 686 HM / 78 6 61 18 ' 1 5

(517)   48 (6'+! 548 6 /681 6 ///#/ 7 45 # ! /6 5 6 . 6 O %8 / 78 6 15 6 H0  6   48! 15  4

(518) " 6 86 76 (F.6F! FEF 57 F357F 615 6 86 J+# .6 5

(519) " 56 8 5715 4 15 18

(520) 18 F.168F! 5467. 287. 15 6   48 4. 15. 15 " 6818 /1  HOI 46568# 8 /6

(521) 4 15. 6 H::! /6 %57 665  6 64

(522) 1 / 78# 85 

(523) 6 H! /6

(524) 18. 6! /1  5 1 " 1 61 5   61 86

(525) 6 1 5. 61 54 48 6 6 6 5. 2000. 15 6 6'# .6 / 78 /1 . ∗. 6. 665 88 1 67 /1  61

(526) 4

(527)  ! 57 6 718

(528) "67 6' 5415 18 6 168 6 /665  # 16 6 166  8  6 6 18  18 6818! 66 F8 F! /1 18! 45  45 6

(529) "  . 6 465 !  / 7  1.   5# 8 /8 516

(530) " 84 1867 718 6 . 6 / / 78.  / 167 6! F  1 5F 57 F6

(531) 1 "F! 7  4. 6 86 546  46568# 38 " 4 /1

(532)

(533) %57 4 ! 686 / 78 6 5   656 48

(534) " 718 14 67  88 6 5481 ! 4 8 4688  18 /" 8 6 711767 1 15 866

(535)  68# 8 /18 " 4   7 6715#. 0. 01234 567 87915 1

(536) 9 7 756.

(537) ∗. ∗.

(538) 1.

(539)  7 72 0 123456783952 H#H. H#0. H#J. .6   1 5 

(540) /88 8 8 # # # # # # # # # # # # H#H#H .6 15 68 6

(541)

(542)  6714 # # # # # # # # # # # # H#H#0 

(543)

(544)  86   76586  6  .6 " # # # # # # # H#H#J .6 

(545) 56 " 7184 57 6 " 45 8  # H#H#L 5158 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # H#H#M E86 1 58 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # .6 "  1  1 5

(546) 

(547)

(548)  868 # # # # # # # # # # # H#0#H 

(549) 478  6941

(550) 114  86

(551) 811

(552)  8

(553) 4 1 5 H#0#0 .6 66

(554)

(555) 16 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # H#0#J .6 54

(556)   65 4 15 8    1 5 # # .6 

(557) 6  56 1 %6

(558) 78 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # H#J#H .6 176

(559) )*$ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # H#J#0 )56 1867 C11

(560) 6 6 # # # # # # # # # # # H#J#J .6 56 1 %6

(561) 7 7415 6 

(562)

(563)  86 # # # # H#J#L ' 5176

(564) )56 "7 7"518 # # # # # #.

(565) 934 0#H 0#0. 85  74 1 5 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # .6 " # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0#0#H .6 56 1 6818 11 168 # # # # # # 0#0#0 61

(566) '6 / 4 # # # # # # # # # # 0#0#J $48 15  76

(567) # # # # # # # # # # # 0#0#L .6 6 46 57 56 1 %6

(568) 7 # # # 0#J 8

(569) 665  1 5 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0#J#H .6 56 / 4 # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0#J#0 '461

(570) 6  7 # # # # # # # # # # 0#J#J  76 

(571) 17 1 5 # # # # # # # # # # # # 0#L @684

(572) 8 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0#L#H 01741

(573) 86 # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0#L#0 )56 1 %6

(574) 7 1 1 58 # # # # # # # 0#L#J 8   15 6  1 5 # # # # # 0#L#L  81 " 1 518 1 5  68 # # # # # 0#L#M 515 816 718 14 1 5 # # # # # # # 0#L#K 85,4656  158 68 # # # # # 0#L#P ' 56941

(575) 114 618 " # # # # # # 0#L#O 856

(576) 8 1 

(577)

(578) 181 58 # # # # # # # # # # 0#M  5

(579) 481 5 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0#3 3<<A'$8Q  2 5 

(580) 718 14 1 5 # # # 0#6 3<<A'$8Q  8 518 1 5  6 15  

(581)

(582)  815 11. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #  6. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. 0. H 0 0 J J L M P HH H0 HJ HL HL HK HK. . 0J 0J 0J 0L 0P 0I JH JH JH J0 JJ JJ JL JK JK JO JI LL LL LI M: M:.

(583) 01234235. 111.  7 498  3

(584) 56. J#H .6 012343  76 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#H#H  586 16 6  78 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#H#0 @165  

(585) 68 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#H#J .6 671  6  866 )?22 # # # # J#H#L 3 / 7 5 168 6 8 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#H#M .6 37  16 )68 @6%5665 (3)@+ # # # J#H#K .6  58 1567 58  # # # # # # # # # # # # J#H#P ' 5176

(586) )*$ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#0 8

(587) 665  1 5  6 *

(588)

(589) 66 # # # # # # # # # # # # J#0#H <151

(590) 6  6 1

(591) 665  1 5 # # # # # # # # # J#0#0 .6 *

(592)

(593) 8 667 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#0#J .6  586 16 4 7 6 # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#0#L .6 02  571 1 5 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#0#M 24" # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#0#K .6 "

(594)  5 69465"

(595) 11  1 58 # # # # # # # J#J .68 8 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#J#H $18 681 5 6

(596)  1 5 68 # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#J#0 '461

(597) 71881  1 5 57 76  6 866 # J#J#J 517 6%5665 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#J#L 2 4 68 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # J#L   18 5 6  768 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #.  

(598)   83 92 34 543952. L#H ) 76

(599) 57 151 1

(600)  571 1 58 # # # # # L#0 .68 86  5 5  15 

(601) 47 # # # L#0#H 851 1

(602)  571 1 58 57 "81

(603) L#0#0 @684

(604) 8 # # # # # # # # # # # # L#0#J .6 54

(605)   65 4 18846 L#J 85,4656  6 56 18 1 5 # # # # L#J#H 214

(606)  1 5 86 4 # # # # # # # L#J#0 @684

(607) 8 # # # # # # # # # # # # L#L $184881 5 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # L#M  5

(608) 481 5 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #.  5287952. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 6 68 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #. MJ MJ MM MK MO MO MI K0 K0 K0 KJ KM KK KP KP KO KO P: PH PJ PM. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # # # # # # # # # #. # PI # O: # O: # O: # OL # OO # OO # OO # H:M # H:O. . 0.

(609) 0123456 7  783 7

(610)  0  

(611) 168

(612) 56 8! 6 451686 18 

(613)

(614)  4 8 8# $415 61

(615) 16! 6" 58  *"7 65 57 *6

(616) 14 15 616  8# 3. 61 76 ! 686 6

(617) 665 8 6 6

(618) 6867 15 6 15 68 6

(619)

(620)  6714 /1  

(621) 6  45  656"! /1 5 16 6   1 5  56/ 8 8 57

(622) 56 8 65167 /1  6  74 8 

(623) 76 656 1 58# 2 8 6 6    6 

(624)  1 6

(625) 4 1 5 57 6 8 46 

(626) 16# ?5768 5715 6  688 " /1 6"   18 66 6  16 8165 1% 1  56   45768 5715 6 451686# .6  7 1 46 8 665 45 /5   76768# 85 68 6

(627)

(628)  . 6  68 1 86

(629)  15 

(630) 7 

(631) 64

(632)  

(633) 478 15 /1 76586  68   746 1  1 5

(634) 158 1

(635) 1 168 57 44

(636) 65  . 1 5# 8   6 18 1  1 5

(637)

(638) " 458 

(639) 6! 1 

(640)

(641)  868 4576 1 8 /5 /61 # .6 

(642)

(643)  86  6678 45 1

(644) 6 8 6 68 76586 57  65 4 151 6 54

(645) 6 6 1 58! 4515 *"7 65 15. *6

(646) 14 7415 / 18 

(647)

(648) 67 61 0123 45675385 86# .6 656"  74 1 5 665 4

(649)

(650) " 6 68 1 65 4 66

(651) "  45 6

(652) 56 1 " 57 8 6 

(653)

(654)  86# .18 8  6  6941

(655) 114 18 / /6 

(656)

(657)  8 # .6 76 1

(658) 8  18  688 6 8 1

(659)

(660)  16

(661) " 76 67 6486. 6 "818  8 46 18 5 65 5

(662) 665   

(663) 6 65188 6 

(664) 478 15 /1 8   8 6 56 1867! 1  67 " 44

(665) 65  1 58! 6" 6. 61 /5 71 16 61881 58! 57. 61   81 1 5 18 

(666) 667 "  81"8! 61

(667) 6 1 58 57 6 6674  84 65 6 6

(668) 81 58# 3771 1 5

(669)

(670) "! 86 1 58 8 /   8 8 8 6    51 5! 15 8"8 68 

(671)

(672) 67 9231

(673) 1 4 57 61   1 5 18 8 1

(674)

(675) . 6 76 6# 85 18 5481 ! /6 8 47" 6 %8 8 68  8    1 5  4 6 18  5 5176

(676) 56 "7 7"518 ()*$+! /1 768168 6 61 4   56 1867 ,417! 57 1 8 66 5 6 64

(677)  1 5  54

(678)   65 4# 16 76816 8 6  6 &  188468  8    1 5 57 6 88 1 67 6 " 15 18  6# 85  6 0! /6  48 5 618 " 15    6 6 1

(679) 57 5461

(680) /"! /1    76  8

(681) 68 6 61

(682) 6941

(683) 114  866

(684) 8 6168 15  8 6

(685)

(686)  

(687)

(688)  86  571 1 58! 15 76   4 6 6 5 5176

(689) )*$ 6818 11 "  6N165 8#  6 J 18 7671 67 6 5461

(690) 6  78  64

(691) 615  768 57 5 5176

(692) )*$# 015

(693)

(694) "! /6 6865. 6 

(695) 1 1 5  686

(696) 8 8    1 5 814

(697)  1 58 15  6 L#. 010. 234 56789 6

(698) 65 689  97. 0  

(699) 5 16! 6   1 5  8 8 8 "67  6 6 1

(700) %6

(701) 7# 11

(702) 6 4

(703)  15 

(704) 168 " 1

(705)

(706) 1 58! 61   1 5 18   688  866

(707) 1

(708)

(709) 1 58 "68! 415 1 881

(710) 6 5" 86 1 5 15  11

(711) 18 1 5

(712) 16 16# 3771 1 5

(713)

(714) "! 1 15

(715) 68  

(716) 88

(717) 945 1 "  . 6 57 656"!. 66 6 615 7

(718) " 6  741

(719) 6 15 

(720)   " 6 6165 # 0  45 6

(721) "! 6 65

(722) 1

(723)  688 

(724)

(725) /67 6 766

(726) 65  /64

(727) 158 465 8 

(728) 6 8664 57 866 6  15 8 8 15 4 

(729) "# .61

(730) 6 546  1767 546 48 85 8 8  6  688  71665. 868!   /1  6186 176  5 6

(731) 4 1 5 8651 /8  58 4 67# H.

(732) 0678349

(733) 2391 03

(734) 12. 0. 01010. 234 56748974. 8

(735) 4 5

(736). 2 8 6 6  8 181

(737) 6 &6 8 15 

(738) 168# 66 /665 6

(739) 168 6 15 68 6

(740)

(741)  6714 (82)+! %

(742)

(743) 67 /1  8 86 

(744) 7 8! 8

(745) /

(746) " 6

(747) 15# $68 1 6 1 8

(748) / 76581 "! 6

(749) " 103  1

(750) 68 6 41 65 16 6! 1 8 88 18 65  48 6486  6 46 8 6 1 4 168# .6 82) 8 4 468 1 86

(751)  15 

(752) 64

(753)  

(754) 478!  6 61 58  65 866

(755)

(756) 1 "68 /176!  415  48578  8

(757)  8868 57 6 15 56688"  571 1 58   8    1 5# .6 / 

(758) 7 F

(759) 64

(760) F 94

(761) 1%68 6 *"7 65!  8

(762) " 15 1 8 *2    10 − 20 G! 6 6 6 46  6 

(763) 478# 3

(764)  4 *"7 65 18 61 15   565 (∼PLR " 88+! 6" 

(765) 8  8 

(766) 6 546 . 6 8 6168# <61 48 656 1 58  8 8 6  67 616 6

(767) 665 8 " 54

(768) 6 481 5 57 6 6

(769) 6867 6 15 61 651 565 ! 48 65115 6 82)# .6 86 57  8 4575. 8 6168 15 

(770) 64

(771)  

(772) 478 18 *6

(773) 14 (∼0MR+# E 6 

(774) 64

(775) 68! 84 8 E! '*3  *E+ ! 6 6865 15 

(776) /6 5468 4

(777) " 5 56 6

(778) 688  &  

(779) 6 15 8    1 5 8 /1

(780)

(781) 6 6

(782) 1567 15 4 6 86 1 58#. 0101. . 94  4694 84  2348. .6 44

(783) 65  1 5  6 8 /1 15 6 

(784) 64

(785)  

(786) 47 57 6 6674   56" 8 8 (  1

(787) 68! 71 1 5+ 6 68 676586 61 58 

(788)

(789) 67 5345 8 54  7"51

(790)

(791) " 76 4

(792) 6  . 6 84 45715 

(793) 47# 8   6 18 1  1 5

(794)

(795) " 458 

(796) 6! 1 

(797)

(798)  868 4576 1 8 /5 /61. 57 665 4

(799)

(800) " 6 68  8 6

(801)

(802)  8"8 6# .6 8 1

(803) 1 " 5

(804) "818   76586  6 18 768167 15 86 1 5 H#0# 28 5 (HIKI+ 6 67 6 %8 5461

(805) 814

(806)  1 58 

(807) /88 8    1 5# $68 1 6. 6 81

(808) 11 "  18  76

(809) ! 6 684

(810) 8 76

(811) 1667  656

(812) 1 46  6  688  18 8 1

(813)

(814) 6

(815) 65. 7"# .6 %8 8 68 5 6 711767 15  4 868# • 5 24 5 01 145 .6 8 8  6 6 46  10 G 6486 1 18 58 65. 1 8. /5 6

(816) 71 1 5# 8 66

(817)

(818) 8 /78 6 65 6  88 57 8 4 468 1 86

(819)  /1   76581 "  %

(820) 6 ρ ∼ r−2 #. • 5  4 1 43 8 5 165 6 76581 " 668 ρ = 10−13  −3  6 866

(821) 658 . 4"0 ! 6 8 6 68 946 1 8 /5 

(822) 4  7" 6

(823) 71 1 5# .6

(824) 1 . 6 15 6 1 5 156868 6 6 6 46! /1  1768 65 4 84 . 8

(825) / 6 

(826)

(827)  86 57   5 &6 15  9481"7 8  1 6941

(828) 114 

(829)

(830) 67 6  4 1 43 8 5# .6  6 4576 68  8

(831) / 71 1  5  1 5 /1

(832) 6 1 8 6 6 46 1868 57 1 8 88 156868 " 6 6 1 5  6 84 45715 . 6# .6 %8  6 6  " 1

(833) 7148  6/ 658  41 57  88  ∼ 10−2 ) 2 (C" 6 6 

(834) # 0:HJ+#. • 5 4583 8145 3  4 0::: G! 6 *2 

(835) 64

(836) 68 7188 1 6# .18 58  1 5. 694168 5  45  656"  18  1767 " 6 6 6 46  6 8# .6 6

(837) 84 . 65 766868 57 6 1556   6  6 

(838)

(839)  868 5 1 86

(840)  45 1

(841) 

(842)

(843) *2 

(844) 64

(845) 68 6 76

(846) 6 67!  76581 168

(847) /6 5 ∼ 1  −3 #. • 5 4583 1 43 8 5 165 5

(848) "  1 *"7 65 6158! 6 8 68468 1 8 8

(849) / 71 1  5  1 5# 8 18 6 4583 1 43 8 5! /1   7148  866

(850) 1010  57  88  10−3 ) #. .18 6

(851) 4 1 5 18 84167 15 6 76581 " 6 6 46

(852)  %46 H#H# 0   66 8!. 6

(853) "  1 1576 γ 76%568 6 86 /1  T ∝ ργ−1 # .6 86 57  6 " 6 94

(854) 1%67 8  F  8 F# $415 1 8  5  1 5! /1 5

(855) 8. 866

(856) 1

(857)

(858) 1 5 "68! 1 6 68 6 &    1 8 88   1 8 84 45715 6714# E4  , /8 (

(859)

(860) 1 67 &6 8  . 6+

(861) 4567   1 8

(862) 68 6 665 8667# .6" " /" 54

(863)   65 4 (866 H#0#J    6 76 1

(864) 8+# 0. 28 79   79 1 15 3298 03251 567 9 56 

(865) 3 215937 ≈ 1.5 × 101 3  2   =  189 911 ≈ 2 × 1033 4 1.

(866). 364 1973

(867) 12 1 1755 53795. J. 105 First collapse Isothermal. First core Adiabatic. Second collapse. 104. Second core Adiabatic. γ = 1.1 γ = 1.4. 3. T (K). 10. 2. 10. 101 100 -20 10. γ=1. 10-15. 10-10 ρ (g cm-3). 10-5. 100. 0146 H#H $6581 " 6 6 46 6

(868) 4 1 5  6 8  4 6 L 6

(869) " 868  6 

(870)

(871)  86#. 0101. 234 87 647 8 59 6 734 6 97 8. $415 6 %8 28 5  6  5  1 5!   1 5  6 84 45715 (  15+ 8 18 841. 67.  65 14

(872)  6 

(873) 6  45 6 1 "! 57 8 4 468 1 86

(874)  15 6 8 

(875)

(876) 67    135 1 24! 15 /1

(877) 56 8  # .6 7184 816 168   56 8"8 6 5 6 57 " 6  6/ 457678  4 15 7148# E56  6  8  48 

(878) 56 " 71848 18 6 15

(879) " *2 .4 /1  1 8 158  748 ! 6 6865 67 15 %46 H#0# 6  8 4 468! 6  6 57 6 7184! 6

(880) 6 57 15 6   

(881) 5 16 (4 866

(882) 1

(883)

(884) 1 58 "68+# .6  6 6 68   6 7184! 6 8 4 57  5  8 45 1

(885) 6 *"7 65  8 5 6 6 61 6 4

(886) 816 6

(887) 6 1 16 57 8  54

(888) 6 481 5# .6 15  54

(889) 6 6 1 58 18  

(890) 6! 4. 6 4  6  8

(891) "  5818 8 15 *6

(892) 14 57 71 16 656"# .18 6   45  656" 656 68  6 6 57 8 8 6  5  1 5  6  6# .18 8"8 6! 15 6941

(893) 114 6 /665 1  1 5

(894) 

(895)

(896)  86 57 6

(897) 84  " 481 5 6 1 58! 18  56/ 5 8  /1 65 68 15 1 8 012345675385 86# .6 . 6  8 5 

(898)

(899) 65 15 6 8  656

(900)

(901) "  8

(902) 56 8! 8 6 178 57  6 8 /1 15 6 7184#. 0101. 8 569. 2 6  6 82) 

(903) 64

(904) 68 6 6 686

(905) 68 15 74  1234# 5158 6   867   6. 5  45767 

(906) 64

(907) 68  6 68865 1

(908)

(909) " 867 5  5! 21

(910) 1 5  3

(911) 41514# .61 816 " "    6/ 55 6 68  1 6 6 15 686 61 58! 57 6" 6 6865.  4 HR  6 88  6 8 (26 S =654158 HIP0+# .6" 6 . 6  6 

(912) 56.   1 5# 857667!  457 " 45 8 8! 158  6 57 6 6 " 

(913)

(914) 181 5

(915) 8 1415# .6" 6 6  8 1  48! 65

(916) 56 681

(917) 8 

(918) 6 1  1 5

(919)

(920) " 4

(921)

(922) 6 84 45715 . 6 57  / 665

(923) 6# ?

(924) 1 6

(925) "!  8 158   668 1

(926)

(927) 56 8

(928) 146 A ! 6  6  15 8 86 48

(929) 56 8

(930) 146 =4 1 6!  81

(931) " 8 6 178# .6" 6 946 6 181

(932) 6 /6

(933) 65 8 6486  61

(934) 6 816! 57 61 

(935) 4  7" 6

(936) 61881 5 18 5 1  5. 8 46  1567 71 1 5# 6   6 168 468 6 66

(937)

(938) 65   86 1 58 8 6" 6 4867 4 6 68656  . 6 8 6 168 71N4

(939). 76 6 # .6 6

(940) 68 68 32)3! 2 1 6 57 *686

(941) 6 665 /176

(942) " 4867 866 6  866

(943) /6

(944) 65 8 (1567.

(945) 0678349

(946) 2391 03

(947) 12. L. 0146 H#0 *2 .4 

(948) 56 " 7184 8667 " 32)3 (32)3 < 5681 6 

(949) # 0:HM+. 57 841

(950)

(951) 16 6 71 1 5+# 85  14

(952) ! 6 82) 8 665 846"67   76768! 61 6 " 716 86 1 58  4815 1 8 66 5 6

(953) 1  15   8 8 5 1 8 4 457 (6

(954) 688 S 26 HIP0T U 4 6 

(955) # HIPJ+# .6 5

(956) "818  6 6 15 1 5 57

(957) 1 1 5 

(958) 1 15 686 86 1 58 8 665 15 6 6 67 8  5 5  656 48 15 4

(959)  1 5!   15   81 1 5 (G185 2/" S E376

(960)

(961) HIKOT 51

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to