FUNCTION WORDS

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FUNCTION WORDS

A. CONNECTORS AND OTHER PARTICLES:



abila = when (time)



atawa = or



bang = if, when (conditional)



bat = in order that



da, ra = only



hangkan = therefore, the reason why



iban = and



isab, sab = also



kuwan = thingamajig; what’s his name?



malayngkan = however, unless, except



manjari’ = so then, “and it came to pass”



mayan = “particle marking something previously referred to”



minsan = even if



pagkuwan = might, may, perhaps



sabab = because



sagawa’ = but, however



sakali = and then, so then, therefore



sawpama = for example, for instance



supaya’ = in order to B . QUESTION PARTICLES:

 biya’ diin = how

 diin = where, what

 hain = where

 hariin = where; in where

 haunu = where; in what

 hisiyu = who

 kansiyu = whose; to whom

 ka’nu = when (past)

 ku’nu = when (future)

 mayta’, mahi = why

 pakain = where; to where

 pila = how many, how much

 unu = what

C. ADVERBIAL PARTICLES:

 TIME: bakas = previously; kaina = a while ago

 QUOTATION: kunu’ = quote; “it is said that…”

 UNCERTAINTY: baha’ = pray tell; (TAG: baka)

 UNCERTAINTY: kalu-kalu = perhaps; maray’ = probably, maybe

 SURPRISE: tuwi = Oops!

 NEGATION: di’ = not

 INTERROGATION: ka = question article; (TAG: Ano kaya’)

 LIMITATION: na = completive; pa = incompletive; da = only, just

 OBLIGATION: subay = should

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FUNCTION WORDS