Numerical simulation of 2D Silicon MESFET and MOSFET described by the MEP based energy-transport model with a mixed finite elements scheme
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Numerical simulation of 2D Silicon MESFET and MOSFET described by the MEP based energy-transport model with a mixed finite elements scheme A.M. Anile and A. Marrocco and V. Romano and J.M.Sellier. N° 5095 Janvier 2004. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--5095--FR+ENG. THÈME 4. apport de recherche.
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(11) . . . Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France) Téléphone : +33 1 39 63 55 11 — Télécopie : +33 1 39 63 53 30.
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(37) 3 $'= $ :43 - +
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(39) +. *. Ǿ ¶× aÁ Ì1 y{prØht|rtNy°£m y{ y{Ĩ dprt¹prprt/~{¼?t y t ~P ry° º t6J p?y{t''8p?ytNp? d~t³t `r|yy d~{t-s}|r|zhº yµ ?~| pr t¹t6¼hpr~{t³p s/ t r¼ryy{~{y{y{ t( ¸ t ~Dt pr rt pr~t 1 t ¾¿¤aÁ E = −∇φ, ∇ · (∇φ) = −e(N − N − n + p) . t "w|rtprt `|rs ty{]~s t p? Ì2tÌ1y~{~\pr×Ìjy 'prt ¸W~{~×Ì1y rt y r ºzprt¯¡²À ²K rt aÆ oAprt rɼs ~y{ ¼t ~\ s} |r?"r¼h]tz¸Wys/sw|ry{~P lÄ t y ¨ ¨t `|ry°£~t a2¸Ws,Ä oBpry{"y{ ?t y prt rt!mBt!y ¨y Jp = −µp p∇φ − Dp ∇p ,. p. p. D. p. A. '&
(40) ! ;87 +B 0 87
(41) C ; !1
(42) !> A} < 3 ! 87 +¨5¨
(43) t À|rÀÉÉÀ¼ry{t rwt~~{y rprt1¼y¸Ws}|r~y{ w¸h~{y rt y{t £t y¼r~{tprt s m s/y{Ä t h ¼ t r p t t ~. t. m É t . s. t a ` t r { y N ç ¾ 1 Ì r p t t { y " r p t. t ~ t ! t r . t . t r ° y s = s (u , n) u t n|rprs t2tt~t 6¼ t t r y{y{Øh?tÁ t a B Tt s/prtt2t~{t|r t×ÁFÄf oBp?tts »rtr|ry rt ¾Wyrpr~{t"t~¸8ypr t t"s zpr rt2ts/~{ty{ By° w£t m ts ¾U¤z¶êÁ T ds = du − ν dn , Ì1hprtt at νy~¿ºz]y{B 'y{B¼t y a a£tt r?y{t at t y{f apr t |rpr t ts/y{pr]t~\t ~t!t azyPprt ~¿s/ÄAy{]t s/~Ñht s}¼htt ay{y r~ p¼a φ y{fprtt~t Éy φˆ ¾U¤¤Á φˆ = −ν + eφ , yt £ty¼r~{t'p?ts m s y'´°¶×ê·"prtt aa r|zzt t~t mÉts J tt ~Pt Jprty ~t t rt |zzt ¼a¨Jp?t¸1¸W~pr~×t¨Ì1~y{ r}y t¨t ~P y ?pr¸By{rpr t ¾U¤ÃaÁ J J −ν J J = , J = , Ì1|zprhtºt J J prt6t~Pprty ~Pt} y tt ~ t! t~Tt ¹ a Itt rs/t tT|?|zItJt t tt!!y{y{££tt~°~°º Ä J×Ìprtwº8t ~t y ¡ r¨rypr~{tt t ?t BT¸~y ?t]Tfyt £ty¼?~tprts/ m s y ´Õ¶êê·hprtprt s m s/y{¸Wt 1t~y ?t]~{6t ~Pt Jprtprts/ m s y r|zztB¸W~~{êÌ1B ¾U¤u`Á 1 L ∇φˆ + L ∇ , J = T T ¾U¤Á 1 L ∇φˆ + L ∇ , T J = Ì1tprs/tBt/¸ p?t/t ~ts/! Iy° t L rty{m|ms/ s t y{ r/tt!Ì1,y°Tt ?Bt `pr|rtt r¼h×t'£t¸t mp?|rTt¨Êy{ r r1t t y{rmy° 4t ~Py r Ä J ¾U¤ #aÁ L 1 J = ∇φˆ + L ∇ , T T ¾U¤ *Á L L ˆ 1 J = ν + ∇φ + (ν L + L )∇ . T T T .á/ù !ø ù n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. s L. s n. u L. s L. u L. L. u n. s n. L. n n. N. u n. n. n. 11. n. n. 12. n. n. 21. s n n. n. 22. n. n. ij. s u. 11. n. n. 12. n. . u n. n. 11. 21. n. n. n. n. n. 12. 22. n.
(44) ¥. . -0$'=> !-"!11?3 :4:43F!- 3 & !-;3F!-
(45) >='= $ >1. y ×Ìp?ºat¸Ws/ mprÌ2tBtt~~{~{tyP '~y Js Éy{m2¸8t sIprº t ± t t s/y¼yÕÆÇt Å y{¼aJry{¼y{¼?By~y°y{ t t» r ?t y{ }¸W|? r y f ºprtBt a` t ry{ Z ¾U¤¥aÁ s = −k (f log f − f )d k , Ì1prt¼ht k~y y{f¼pr t t~{tr!?]z /ys/Ì"×£t!y{Æ¿£ ty!BtFzÌ1tp? y t p ¼t ~ r~~ÀÄ prt»rB"y{~~|ry rtÄKoBp?y"~tfy prt R 2¨y a |?y ?6prt¸W|r r!y . n. 3. B. B. 3. Ì"t] ,Ì1y{t. η(f ) = −kB (f log f − f ) , sn =. Z. ¾U¤ aÁ. η(f )d3 k .. oBprttp, tBs/zys}|?sEt aa y{y¼?|?y{ ¨¸W|r r!y lº1p?êÌ1 Iy ¹´î¤zº\÷<y{ B. n¾ ÃaÁ Ì1prtt λ º λ tp?t ? ?ts}|r~°y?~yt ft ~Py{£tJprt t ry° , t rt Ä üB¸W~~×Ì1"p ¾nÃ?¶êÁ λ +λ E . η(f ) = k f 1+ k xzy ?t ¾nÃa¤Á dλ , df = −f + Edλ k y{B¸W~{~×Ì1 ¾nÃÃaÁ λ + Eλ (dλ + k Edλ ) . dη = −f Ë" rt `|rt a~{º\¸Wprt y{Øhtt ay~l¸8prtkt `a t ry{ º ds ºzÌ"tp]£t Z ¾nÃu`Á λ ds = dηd k = − ndλ − d(λλ )u − k λ dλ Z , k ̸W1|rpr rt!t yn lº?yÌ1pry{prpIt¹tt]~t ;Éy ~t t ry° ]~{|r~t Ì1y{p p?t tp; t f yy{¼r|?y{ fM E. . λ − λW E = exp − kB. . ,. W. ME. W. B ME. B. ME. W. ME. B. W. ME. W. B. B. n. W. 3. n. B. n. B. W. W. B. ME. Z. fM E d3 k.. y¸W|r rt!!Ì1yy It u yt] pr t/ t~t dt rt t ry° ~ |r~Pt Ì1y{pdp?t t pD t Z n=. . B. n. Ì1pry~{t Z yp?t ` | `y{ . un = nW =. B. Z=. Z. B. fM E. yy{¼r|?y{ . EfM E d3 k ,. E 2 fM E d3 k.. æ <æWô.
(46) . ( & >1 $ :!=$'&)(*= !/2$ 3 -
(47) 3 $'= $ :43 - +
(48) + !-
(49) +. ± s prt t »r ry{y ¸ n º\¸çtBs tÉ s/r|zy lºmÌ"tp]£t dn = −n. y t!Ì1ytºr¸Wsprt t!» ry°y ,¸ u Ì2tt . . dλ − dλW un . kB. n. ×̺r¸WsȾUÃa¤Á Æ!¾nÃu`ÁFºzÌ2tty{~{¨t . dun = −un. ¾nÃaÁ ¾nà #aÁ. dλ − dλW Z. kB. dsn = λdn + kB λW dun ,. Ì1pryp,pBp?ts t¸WsE1t `|y d¾É¶]¥aÁ"r×£my t prt¸W~{~×Ì1y rwy t `y{»y{ rBts' t. ¾nà *Á. n¾ Ã¥aÁ oBprpry{t rtts t ¸W ¸Wmt ºfs |rs/ apry{yt³~"Ä rs/×Ìzºfys}Ì2|?ts p]t £ at,r`×Z£t rp³Jpr tt!¼hzt¡rÌ1ty{yt ( ¸Wy{ wprprtt³t¸W as a ¸ ~yy{ ?Øht]tt ayyt ~£tJy¼?¼z~t Æ º?prtt rt tBy{~{tº?Ì2t] Ì1y°tt `|y ¾nÃaÁ ts/B¸ W = ¾nà aÁ dn dλ =− − W dλ . n k oBprt ,Ì"t] Iy{ ` |r tprtrys y{y°£t6¾ t »r rt |r rÉ aFÁ k B λW =. 1 , Tn. νn = −λTn .. un n. W. B. F (W ) =. Z. W. dλW dW , dW. y at t ¾Uà Á2¼?y ry{ r Ì1pryplº\¸çtB|r¼rÉy{|?y{ r6y aJprtλt `=|−ky dlog¾UÃ¥anÁ!º?−my{kt~ F (W ) , B. ¾WuaaÁ. B. νn = kB Tn log n + kB Tn F (W ), dνn = kB Tn d log n + kB log n + kB F −. xz|r¼rÉy{|?y{ r6y aJt `|y{ r¾¿¤ #aÁ!º¾¿¤ *Áfmyt~ Jn Jun. .á/ù !ø ù . W dTn . Tn. qL11 L11 W L12 = −L11 kB ∇ log n + ∇φ − kB log n + kB F − + 2 ∇Tn , Tn Tn Tn Tn e = −(νn L11 + L21 )kB ∇ log n + (νn L11 + L21 ) ∇φ − T n νn L11 + L21 W νn L12 + L22 ∇Tn . kB log n + kB F − + Tn Tn Tn2. ¾Wur¶êÁ ¾Wu`¤Á ¾WuaÃaÁ ¾Wuu`Á ¾Wu`Á.
(50) ׶ -0$'=> !-"!11?3 :4:43F!- 3 & !-;3F!-
(51) >='= $ >1 h21 s s/ r t ~Ày{ r¾¿}Á Æ!Ì1¾ y{#aÁfpÌ2tprtpr×s'£êt?y{prs}t|r¸Ws~~{t× aÌ1y r}a y tt ay{y{£»t y{ ? y°|?y{£tt `|y{ r¸Wprtt rt ' rÉÆ kB L11 eL11 , D13 = , n nTn 1 L11 W L12 dTn , = − kB log n + kB F − + 2 n Tn Tn Tn dW νn L11 + L21 kB (νn L11 + L21 ) , D23 = e , = − n nTn 1 νn L11 + L21 W νn L12 + L22 dTn , = − kB log n + kB F − + n Tn Tn Tn2 dW. D11 = − D12 D21 D22. ¸Ws Ì1prypÌ"tt!]º\¸çtBs/tÉ ~{t¼r?º. nD11 , kB n 3 3 2 − , = − nkB Tn D12 + nD11 Tn log 2 Nc 2 n 3 3 3 n 2 − − = − nkB Tn D22 + νn Tn nD11 log − L12 kB Tn log + νn , 2 Nc 2 Nc 2. L11 = − L12 L22. Ì1prttÌ2tp]£t|rt prt¸W~~{êÌ1y{ r}t|?~{. log n + F = log. n , Nc. W 3 = kB , Tn 2. ¾Wu #aÁ ¾Wu *Á ¾Wua¥aÁ ¾Wua aÁ ¾UaÁ ¾Uz¶êÁ ¾U¤Á. Ì1y{p 2πk m T φ+ϕ N =2 , n = N (T ) exp e , ~ k T Ì1prty{t ϕɨyÀ]prtt ºprÆüt]~{m~t tst~{t!¾¿¤Á Æ!¾W u`Á2`|y{ yÕprÆ ± tt¸Ws/~~{y×Ì1~{t y£ rtw~¿Ä ¸Ws pry{2y{ `fÌ2t Ì `" ?¸WsIºmy prt y{£ J = 0, ¾UÃaÁ − y{£ J + 3 k n T − T = 0, ¾Uu`Á − y{£ D = e(N2 − N τ − n + p), ¾¿Á ϕ −1 ¾U #aÁ J =A ∇ +A ∇ , T T ¾U *Á ϕ −1 J =A ∇ +A ∇ , ÌÌ"1tprt t t rDt4y{6 r×pr̽t,Ì1t~y°t p y y{prrt4~t~{tt s/t a £ t|r!t' aT º"¸W6ÄÖproBt,prt4 Tt¡t ?t¸ ysy zrÆ~{yty° s}y{ (¼ry rprt,y{ r t!ØÑt y l º pt!z]r£t}t¼tyt ¡ 4 rt ¸K~prt ttm t Ä J ¡y{t a t 't!¸W|r ?pr ty{ r|rpa−enJ ¸þp?t r£¸Wys/¼r~{ty{ Ì"Ät rt tt |? » ¼aIprt}» y r~{`/y]prt ~ D mt y{t a A A Ä ± yÉ1A¸ ~~UºmÌ2t ?tpr ¾U¥aÁ J = −enV = −en [D ∇ log n + D ∇W + D ∇φ] . æ <æWô ∗. B. c. n. 3 2. n. c. 2. n. B n. n. n. n. T n. 0. B. W. D. A. n. n. 11. 12. n. T n. n. n. 21. 22. n. n. n. n. ij. 11. ij. 12. n. 11. 12. 13.
(52) ¶¶. ( & >1 $ :!=$'&)(*= !/2$ 3 -
(53) 3 $'= $ :43 - +
(54) + !-
(55) +. ¸çt 1s t~t¼rwÌ"tt Bprt¸W~~{×Ì1y r}t|r~{ . 2. 2. A11 = e L11 ,. A12 = −e L11 φ − en. . 3 3 D11 Tn + kB Tn2 D12 2 2. . .. ¾U aÁ. y t!Ì1ytº ry r}p ¾ #aÁ J = −J − φJ , Ì"tt! ¾ #?¶êÁ A = e L ϕ + eL , A = e L ϕ + 2eL ϕ + L . tt pry{Jt!y{ Ì1y{pDprtt s'%dp64ys y~P ?¸Ws'y dyJ r ` r×Ì1 (¸W6³ ? zÆ ¼h~{y¼ ÄÀoBprty a1y{p rt `|rt ?t}¸At ~Py ?¾nu #Á" rtp . T n. 21. 2. 11. n. 21. u n. n. 2. 22. 11. 2 n. k B Tn D13 , e & ( / ! = ! 6 03 = > >- !1 41 3 & ). 21. n. 22. D11 = −. py¨»ryt / 0>¼aN+ pr$'-t¨r/ >$'- ¼14>=~{!yJ/2$ s3 - t ~fÌ1p?y~t6¸Wprt ) rt y{ty > t ( ~P$'= $ y1 N$'( &JyÄ£oB~y pr y{¨ ?r~{¹h~{t t y t `|ry~{y¼ry|rs ´Õ¶ #·UÄ )µ7
(56) @@
(57) K7 os/ B prt~{t2A¯¡É|²À ¡yt t rty{ ´ a*Æü·¿Ä" } rhprt2É~Ps/Éþ t ¸Wt t~ty{ r£ tt ºap?<t y{ ¾¿y{ØhÃa|rÁüÆ!y¾U *Ás'pr<yÕ prtKs/tKÉ |r |r tflprtK¸ns/y{~{1¸ Ì1pry{p tt K Js t t A ºβ cº γ ºry{By{£t ,t!zr~{yy°~°'¼a ¾ #a¤Á A = nµ eT , ¾ #ÃaÁ k T A = nµ eT β γ−ϕ +χ , e ¾ #u`Á A = A , ¾ #aÁ k T k T A = nµ eT β γ − ϕ + χ + (β − c) , e e Å t ¼a ¡ ²K ¹ rtrraÆo8ryP rthprys tw ¸þt~8p?]t} 4¼t}s/t t!×t £t ºt prtJxmÌ"t ~~A 4²Ks/ rttays Æ o8r~{y{» ?t pa s mt ~s yprt ~ s/ t~{¾¿+x ! ÅÁFÄ´°¶×Ãzº\ · t t y{ apr|r t¨1rt ] t~{|rt ~l a aJ1s/prt tttFt ??pr¸Wtt]t¨ `y{|r|r ¡s tt¸8y¸Ap?tpr~Àt y{ `prØh|rt |rs/s/y{t t y{ ]t s'£~lt ~pryÕ'tt s ¸Wty{ c|rpr´ t *t ·2¯¡Ä p²À}c¼s tt t ~¿ Ä zt y{ t ¯Iyy°zt t y »] ?y{yt Ñt º?~tst t t a´ *zº\¥z?ºlr¶ *]·lz¸Wys/Bs/y{ Nt ¾W t prty~{~ÁFÄ y]~<]£myPÆüoBprs/ RT y{B|rt ¸W1rt Êt~{ths t t aBÉÆü¸Wr~{s}y{|ry~P ry ³t pr´Õ¶× r¥y ·UmÄ |?tB¸W~{£my ?} ? ~ty a"r¼?~ts Byy rw¸Wss/yÕ?t » ry°t s/?~y y{1prts t¾n¼r aÌ ²K|r~t Á1¸Wys t y t!y y{ ¡¸þprtwy{» yP~l ?yt ar¼zÆ ~t s/t rt t ¼aht Br~{y{y ?wt pr ry `|rt Ä .á/ù !ø ù . .
(58). 11. n. n. 12. n. n. 21. 12. B n. n. 2. B n. 22. . n. n. B n. 2. n. 0. . . .
(59) ¶ê¤. . -0$'=> !-"!11?3 :4:43F!- 3 & !-;3F!-
(60) >='= $ >1. ¼s}|r~p³m Æ t~Pêry¼r~{yt prtt ypr rty`|r¸þtºprt6|rt t py°y£s tJt¨rÉt¼rÑ~{tº"s yw1yÌ2s t}rp~t ]s/£tt `/t ~°y{£ (tºÑ¼a t }tt ¹ry ?t |rtIprt r s/ty{s/t6~ts |r a1¸8prtys r~{yy°"pr!t ¸Aprtprt s/tÄ ²Àrp pr r I zs Æü~y{t rt]pr rÄ ¼r~t s s y rN¸Ws t ~P?y (tp? ry `|rt4y{¨~°£t £zydp?t t ÌB zÆ Ë" r t ?y r6prt¼r~{z /t ~P?y ¨tpr ry `|rtºp?tts/y Ét rpr×£t6¼ht ry tt µt¡t~t JprtAy ,t `|y ¸Wp?t s r|?y ¸ D ¾çprtprt ϕ |r ` r×Ì1 r º¸W t ¡Bprt~P ` r×Ì1 I£~{|rt ºry¿Ä tÄ ϕ º J º ϕ º J º T º J Á Qt Ét ¡t ~Pt 6prtpr~{t ay{ `|ry{ t `|y{ ¾Wy{¸A rtt t Á1¸WBp?t s/?|?y ¸ J ϕ %pry{ t,y Ì1pry{p,prt£yP¼r~t º J º T º J ts r|?t y{s}|r~{ rt |r~°Ä ϕ oBpr|?tr~y{t] rJ¼h Jt!Ì"¸t |rt ³p t `|rmy{t |rt ~PtBy{£t2tt!z6r~t~t y r t y{ , ´ *ê·r ay ` |ry{ ¨t2t t at~{tyP ~{~{ |rtfts h t É|r rtÄ t rpamy{]~ t |r t!y{~¿ºÀ r×̺Àprtr¼r~t s Ì2t,pr×£t,¹~°£t |ry r4p?tpry t ¸prtt~?y{ rmt Ä dt t rt¼a Ω prty aty{ s'y /Ì1y°p¨ ¼|r Γ ∪ Γ ºmÌ1y{p Γ Γ prt É1 t¸A¼hp]|?£t 6É»r¨ Ì1 prtt t Ì1s/ r I Å y{yp?~t 1 y°y{ ty{s/t Ä . . . . k+1. k p. k p. k n. k n. k n. k+1. k Tn. . k+1 p. k+1 p. . k+1 n. k+1 n. k+1 Tn. k+1 n. N. •. U. . J. |rp,p7 k Si,j (x). k+1. k+1. =. . . =. Ujk+1 − Ujk − ∆t. U1k+1 U2k+1. Jk+1 n JTn. y°£ (J. . k+1 ) i. . =. =. . ϕk+1 n Tn − T1n. J1k+1 Jk+1 2. . !. D. N. D. : Ω −→ Rq. q : Ω −→ Rd. + Fi (x, Uk+1 ) = 0,. i = 1, . . . , q = 2,. Jk+1 = Ai,j (x, Uk+1 ) ∇Ujk+1 , i = 1, . . . , q = 2. i . ¾ # #aÁ. Ì1y{pprt¼h|r É y{y ? Γ J · ν = 0 Γ , i = 1, . . . , q , ¾ # *Á U = G (x) £t Ì1 prt t t Srt yKt ap?y°t y°£|?t r y{t »tF rzy°ttB s/~À ry°s'Ì1pry{~8p6 s']y{ ¼htBprÄ,üt¸" I¾np? t |r `z r×t Ì1 rÁA¼aw¸fp?prtBt6|rrt Äþ¼roB~t prs t roBt]prt 1νy{ |t!z~Ars/t yÕ?ty r£}¾nyPht y yP~~l~{/¸Wy s}F|?~P y AÌ1prÁ2y{p4prΩt!,~~{×Ì1Γt |r, ry pr t}t s t y°zt r» rt y°£myt|?t~t És/t t akÄ r?ap rtt 1prty a |r y ¸Aprt¸W~~{êÌ1y{ rw¸W|r ? y{ ~Ñ t y{£ y°£ (ω) ∈ L (Ω)}, H( ) = {ω | ω ∈ (L (Ω)) , y{£ Γ }. V = {ω | ω ∈ H( ), ω · n = 0 æ <æWô k+1 i. i. k+1 i. D. N. k ij. N. i. ij. 2. 0. p. 2. N.
(61) ¶×Ã. ( & >1 $ :!=$'&)(*= !/2$ 3 -
(62) 3 $'= $ :43 - +
(63) + !-
(64) +. y{By{£t ,¼` t!|rB» U. k+1. Z Z. Ω. k Vi Si,j (x). |?pIpr. q , Jk+1 ∈ [L2 (Ω)] × [V0 ]q. V y{£ (J )dx + Z V F (x, U )dx = 0 ∀V ∈ [L (Ω)] , ¾ #¥aÁ Z Z y{£ (W ) U dx − G (x) W · νdΓ = 0 ∀W ∈ [V ] , dx + ¾ # aÁ. Ujk+1 − Ujk dx − ∆t. Bi,j (x, U k+1 ) Wi · Jk+1 j. Z. k+1 i. i. Ω. i. 2. q. Ω. k+1 i. i. k+1. i. i. q. i. 0. Ì1y{p B(x, U ) = [A(x, U )] . sy¿/Ä tt Ä oB rpry{t » r~zy{|rt1¼rt~t s/ t t aff¸Wt rs}t |r~t y{× J£tyÀf¼zyPy{ r ?t |r~P¼a/yt rT~y{ r¸ Ωpr|rty rrt ] £zLy(Ω) ÉÆ oBpr s' V RT¼`6»t ?~{ty{s t t ayÕÆ Ë" r }, L = {v ∈ L (Ω) | ∀K ∈ T , v | = Ω. Ω. ΓD. k+1. k+1. −1. 2. 0. h. h. V0h. 2. h. 0. h. h K.
(65)
(66) α = {ωh ∈ V0 | ∀K ∈ Th , ωh =
(67)
(68) K βK.
(69)
(70) x + γK
(71)
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(74) >='= $ >1 6 prºtprt t ` Ѻ¾ a|r¨t2£yPp?¼?t ~tt!¾ÌB Js t º pr Á8prt"Á"y¿Ä tyPÄ~ t y°£y{£tþ¸prtt ~ts t aþ¸ B Ì1y°pJt t! U1 =. ϕn Tn. U2 = − T1n ∂Bij , ∂Uα. t]É ? ,¯I6|r » ` y , r~¸8 ~ pr"t r ~°ry°mØÑ|?yypl~~° ºz s'prprttAs'yÕ yÕt]B Iy{£¼t 't Ì1|ry°y{sp 1s/£tÉy¨yPt y~ s rtB~t1y{¸W£t!~{~z×ry°Ì1£t tÄ y I rºrprt}ry{ft Ì"t a" ]t~Pty{º£tpr~° t i, j, α = 1, 2 .. ij. A. Ì1pryp,pB ¼ts r~{t t ¼`prtCt −→ D −→ L −→ A ¸W,8t!z~rty°wprs y8~°`ty~ ?~°IÄüpr8t6y<tÉyP~ tttfy{£Ap−→ y{8£t y°<Ì1By¸ ~=~¼hAÄ/tÀt!"m|z]tº8s y 4t~°¸n pº< Ì1p¾W<rÌ"t ry{t]t ~{~{t!ØÑys t hy°£t ~{y{¹¼r~yt] Á prt¹ `|rs ty]~ rz t,y¨ Ì"]ct!£ ~|t4 BÉyP~ t y{£y{£t³¸ B ¸W¨y{ £t Z£~|rt4¸ prt t6£|r t m ?y{ê Ì1 ¹|?£s'y¼r~{yt Ä y°oBØÑt pry{t a]yP ¹y¼t 0¸' r¾t6± s Ê o1t} t y{~{IÁ/¼a ³ ¸Wt~º~{×~Ì1yyt¡ r ¸W¨prtJt!?|rs ~t r~|rtºt Ê y{z 4 t0¸ç Ì"´Õ¶× ·Ut Ä ²À¸ p4y°ØÑ~t y{ rt t `yP¸þ y Nty y{¸WØh|rt r!t ay{y Dt Ì1y°t p,y{£thy{£t t 't rts ry{|?¼ht t £yswy|r¼r~{~{tB rt¸W~|r~{×~°Ì1³y rÌ1Jy{ pr~Py ¹yprt ~|rs/~{tt |zy ?tÄ ¨p?y"ry|?~P2r r~{yy{ /prtt ~{ts t a c (T ) ¸p?ts' yÕ C pr×£t¼ht t y°£t y t!t1t!2¸Ñy a T rr]zys/t ¼a6|r¼ry{Br~{y rt º`y J t Àt ×£t2 C ¸W|r r!y lÄ −1. ij. ij. n. i n. 1. CUBIC SPLINE APPROXIMATION (data Version 3) DATA C12_17 SPLINE APPROX.. -20000. -40000. C12 in g/(erg . s). -60000. -80000. -100000. -120000. -140000. -160000 0. 500. 1000. 1500. 2000 2500 3000 TEMPERATURE ( K ). 3500. 4000. 4500. 5000. ± y{|rtJ¶fË"|r¼ry{r~y{ rt?r]zys/y{ lÄ xzÄ,t oBtwpr¸Wt¨1 t!?ws r~{ty a»}|rt/t ¶prÌ1t¨pry{y°p³£t y{£ t³prt t |rpr~°t' ¸ a|ry{¼r my{|?w|rrw~y{ r~{yt rtJs prztprry? ? ]¸Wzy1s/p?ty{ ¹ztt]/ ~yy t t ` c |rhy{y r a Ä prt
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