HAL Id: inria-00070738
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070738
Submitted on 19 May 2006
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A 2d Well-balanced Positivity Preserving Second Order Scheme for Shallow Water Flows on Unstructured
Meshes
Emmanuel Audusse, Marie-Odile Bristeau
To cite this version:
Emmanuel Audusse, Marie-Odile Bristeau. A 2d Well-balanced Positivity Preserving Second Order
Scheme for Shallow Water Flows on Unstructured Meshes. [Research Report] RR-5260, INRIA. 2004,
pp.31. �inria-00070738�
ISRN INRIA/RR--5260--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
Thème NUM
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
A 2d Well-balanced Positivity Preserving Second Order Scheme for Shallow Water Flows
on Unstructured Meshes
Emmanuel Audusse — Marie-Odile Bristeau
N° 5260
Juillet 2004
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