Understanding cache attacks

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HAL Id: inria-00071387

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071387

Submitted on 23 May 2006

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Understanding cache attacks

Anne Canteaut, Cédric Lauradoux, André Seznec

To cite this version:

Anne Canteaut, Cédric Lauradoux, André Seznec. Understanding cache attacks. [Research Report]

RR-5881, INRIA. 2006. �inria-00071387�

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ISRN INRIA/RR--5881--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

Thèmes COM et SYM

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Understanding cache attacks

Anne Canteaut — Cédric Lauradoux — André Seznec

N° 5881

Avril 2006

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Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt

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[\_OfAaEs[dOfAaEYkK \E2TgC`OXF2l@AC`bF6`_V[>kfDcdOf`b[\_ZY[\D#E2FkX[\D Feq$E2ZY`(7ZMEGcOX]CkfEGF[dOfACEsD#`ZkX[dcdktZtAC`OXE2ZOf]CkXE2F[d

Ff[\D#EqCkf[VZYE2FXFe[>kXF2

(7)

@AC`F6qac\q7E2kn`Fn[>kf'cd_C`bYEGpc\F[>hhb[6FY'KE(7kXFeOMpVEGFfZYkf`bg$EsOfACEg7E2Aac&|U`[>]Ck6[\,OfACE.ZYc\ZtAaED#EYD#[\kXTc\_ap

EMFfAC[ AC[ `O6c 9E2ZOXFD#EYD#[>kfTc>ZYZEGFfFfE2F2,PUE2ZOf`b[\_ ^`b_U|\E2FeOf`b>cdOfEGFoc\hh9qCkXEY|U`b[\]aF[\kX .kXEYhcOXE2pOf[ZYc>ZtACE

cOfOXc>Zt UFn`_7Zhb]apV`b_Cg$[dOXAOf`bD#`_acdOeOXc>Zt VFncd_7p;Fe`bD#qChbEq$[oE2kIc\_acdhbTVFeEGFY KE.qCkf[>q7['FeEcZhc\FXFf`(7Z2cOX`[>_[d

ZYc>ZtACEcOeOtc\Zt VFc\ZYZY[\ktpV`b_COX[^OXACEsZYc\ZtAaEnE 9E2ZOXFOXACEYTEY¡VqCh[>`OG,z6D#[\_C#cdhbh$OfAC['FeEcOfOXc>Zt UF2UkfE2D#[dOfEIOf`bD#`_a

cOfOXc>Zt UF^cdkXEqacdkfOf`Z]ahbc\kfhbT+`bD#q7[>keOtcd_'O[\k.ZkXTUqVOf[>\ktcdqCAC`Z#qCkX[VpV]aZÇOtF^c\_apEpV`FfZY]aFfFOfACEq7['FfFf`bgC`hb`OWT+OX[

D#[\]C_'OFe]7ZtA£c\_ cOfOXc>Zt c\>c\`_aFeOFeEGZkXEO >EYT c\h>[\kX`OXACDFY @ACE2_PVE2ZÇOX`[>_ HgCkX`E aTkXE2ZYc\hhFAC[ z6¥P

`Fn]aFf]ac\hhbT`bD#qChbEYD#EY_'OfEGp;gUTh[U[> ']aqOXcdgahEGFYPUE2ZOf`b[\_!w#`b_U|\EGFWOX`'cOfEGFKOXACE^`b_a]CE2_aZE[d,OXACE.Z2c\ZtACE^`_C`Of`cdh

FeOXcOXEc\_ap[\COfAaED#`ZkX[dcdktZtAC`OfE2ZOf]CkXE,[\_^OfACEKZ2c\ZtACEOf`bD.`b_CcOfOXc\Zt pCE2FXZkX`g$E2psgUT¢EYkX_aFeOfE2`_z |&c\kf`cd_'O[d

¢EYkX_aFeOfEY`b_$F~zn¥oPOX`D#`b_CMcdOeOtc\Zt M`bF~OfACE2_^qCkXE2FfEY_'OXE2p`b_PUE2ZOf`b[\_^aKAC`ZtAkfE2h`bE2F~[\_^cIpV`$E2kfE2_>Oc\FXFe]aD.qCOf`b[\_

[\_!OfAaEZYc\ZtAaE.`b_C`Of`cdhlFeOXcdOfE\ ;_|U`E2 [\oOXACE[\gVOtcd`b_CE2p!kXE2Ff]ChOtF[\_!OfACEE $EGZÇOX`|>EY_CEGFfFM[dOfAaEcOeOtc\Zt 9E

Z[>_aZhb]apVEOfAacdOI`OMpVE2q7E2_apCFI[\_OfAaE^KAC[>hED#`ZkX[dcdktZtAC`OfE2ZOf]CkXE[d,OXACE^qCkX[VZEGFfFf[\kG-KE(7_acdhbhTFfAC[ OfAacdO

Ff[\D#EsZhc\FXFe`ZYc\h9ZY[\]C_'OXEYkXD.EGc\Ff]CkXE2FoEY_ac\gChEMOX[#OfAUc\keOOXAC[>FfEsZYc\ZtAaEnOX`D#`b_CcOfOXc\Zt VF2

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(

)4

OfAaEgC]aFsgac\_apVK`pUOfA c\_ap+OfACEc>ZYZYE2FXFMFfq$EYE2p!OX[OfACEDcd`b_D#EYD#[\kXT;Aac&|>E.g$E2ZY[\D#E#OfAaEh`bD#`OX`_C·c>ZÇOX[\ktF

`b_OfACE[|>EYktcdhbhqCkX[UZYE2FXFe[>kOfACkX[\]a\ACqC]CO2@AC`bFng7[\OeOXhE2_CE2Zt `bFn[|\EYktZ[>D#EIgUTZYc\ZtAaEsD.E2D#[\kXT\z ZYc>ZtACEs`bFnc

FfD#c\hh9qC`bE2ZYE[d~AC`b\AFfq7E2E2pD#E2D.[>kfT>=;OKc\`DFcO \E2EYqC`b_COfACE^Hoj + c>Foga]aFeTc\Foq7['FfFf`gahEgUTD#`_C`bD#`2`_a

OfAaEh['c\pdFWOX[\kXEIhcOXEY_aZYTOX[#OfACE^D#c\`_D#E2D.[>kfT>oL[VpVE2kf_qCkX[VZEGFfFf[\ktFAac&|\EOW[hE2|\E2hbF[\[>_VZtAC`qZ2c\ZtACE>

kXE2Ffq7EGZÇOf`b|\E2hT Z2cdhbhEGp ycd_ap }C ¥c>ZtA [\nOXACEYD D#c&T g7EpVEGpV`bZ2cOXE2p Of[cFeq$E2ZY`bc\hKqC]CkXq7['FeE #·pacOXc[>k

`b_aFWOXkf]7ZÇOf`b[\_7F%ngC]VO`b_ OXACEFf[dZYc\hhbE2p ¤ncdkXcdktp cdktZtAC`OXE2ZOf]CkXEOfAaE y!Z2c\ZtACE!`bF]aFf]acdhbhbT FfqChb`O`b_'Of[ c\_

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gC]VOnFfhb[oE2koOXAacd_OXACE lyZYc>ZtACE\

z ZYc\ZtAaE!`FpV`|U`pVE2p `_'OX[ gChb[VZt VF@#·[\khb`_CEGF%[d (C¡VE2p Fe`bYE sOWTUqC`bZ2cdhgChb[VZt Fe`bYEGFc\kfE >}CIH7yG}\x

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Address Tag 1

Word[0−3]

Address Tag 2 Address Tag 3 4 Sets

Block 3 Block 0 Block 1 Block 2

Address Tag 0

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z6_`b_aZY[\D#`_a^c\pCpCkfEGFfFOX[sOfAaEIZYc>ZtACE6`FFfqChb`O`b_'Of[^OfACkXEYE6q7cdkfOXF #,`b\]akfEI}%McFfEOo_U]CDg7E2k2'cd_c>pCpVkXE2FXF

OXc\.c\_apc^gChb[VZt [ FfEO2,@[pVEOXEYkXD.`b_CEMKACEOXACEYkOXACEsc\Z2ZE2FXFfE2ppacOXc`FKFWOX[\kXE2p`b_OfACEsZYc>ZtACE\U`OXFKc>pCpVkXE2FXF

OXc\`bFsZY[\D#qacdkXE2p+K`OXA+OXACEc\papVkfEGFfFIOtcd[doEGc\ZtAgChb[UZt +`_!OfACEFfEOG ;_OXACE.[\hbh[K`b_CaEZ[>_aFe`pVE2kc\_

4c&Tc\FXFe[VZ`cOX`|>EIZ2c\ZtACEM[dgUT'OfEGFYVpV`b|U`bpCE2p`_'Of[#gChb[VZt VFYUE2c>ZtA[\ gUT>OXE2F2=;_OXAC`bFKZ2c\FfE\'OfAaEFf`bYEM[d

OfAaEsgCh[VZt [-9FfEOK`F"!$#&%')(6*+ :-,gC`OtF6cd_7pOXACEFe`bYE[\OXACEFeEYOK_']aD^g$EYkK`F"!$#&%')(6/.10

.124365 :7,'

@ACEZ2c\ZtACEqac\kXc\D.EYOfE2kXFc 9E2ZOKOfACEsEY¡VE2Z]COf`b[\_Of`bD#Es[d,cd_cdhb\[>kf`OfACD OXAacO6]7FeEGF6cpCcOtc#cdkXkXc&T[\Ff`2E

8 Z[\D#q$[>FfE2p![dEYhbEYD#EY_'OtF[dKFe`bYE9:.c\FM[\hbhb[6FY@ACEcdkXktc&T`bFDcdqaq7EGp!`b_'Of[OXACEZYc>ZtACE.c>ZYZY[\ktpV`_aOX[

`OXFMcdhb`>_CD#EY_'OMc\_apOf[OfACE.Fe`bYE;:[dl`OXFIEYhbEYD#EY_'OtFY@ACEc\h`b\_aD.E2_'On[dcpCcOtcZYc\_g7E#Z[>_aFf`bpVE2kfEGpc\FIc

Z[>_aFeOfktcd`b_>O6[>_`OtFIc>pCpVkXE2FXFMo[\_D#[>FeOIc\kXZtAC`OfEGZÇOX]CkfEGFOfAaE^c\pCpCkfEGFfFK[\cpCcOtc`FncD]ChOX`qahE[dOfACE.Fe`bYE^[d

OfAaEMc>pCpVkXE2FXFeEGppCcOtcC,@ACEIc\kfktc&T^`FpV`|U`pVE2p`_'OX[<!8= ,MgChb[UZt VFcd_apE2c\ZtAgCh[VZt ZYc\_AC[>hbpcdOoD#[>FeO9! .12

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EYhbEYD#E2_>OtFY@ACE2_aKACE2_;cd_EYhbEYD#E2_>OI[dOfACEcdkXkXc&T`Fnc>ZYZEGFfFfE2pUOfACEkXEYhcOX`|>Ec\pCpCkfEGFfFf`_a#Z2cd_g$E^FeE2EY_;c>F

(8)

Set

Address Tag Offset

0x10 0x01

0x00F0FA

0x00F0FA 0xBCF3F1

0x74A051

0x48BCFF

Test

Set 1

,`b\]CkXE} M,zKpCpVkXE2FXFf`_C#`b_cZ2c\ZtACEMD#EYD#[\kXT

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q$[\hb`bZY`EGFYU@ ~¢MY2YL[\kXEY[|>EYkD#[VpVEYkX_qCkX[UZYE2FXFe[>kXFEGcOX]CkfEn|\EYkXTZY[\D#qChbE¡#`_'OXEYktc\ZÇOX`[>_aFg$EOWEYEY_`_aFeOfkX]aZ

Of`b[\_7FY @AaE;D#`bZYkf['FfZY[\qC`ZE¡VE2ZY]VOf`b[\_ OX`D#E[dcd_UT FeEGi']CEY_aZYE;[ds`b_aFeOfkX]aZÇOX`[>_aFc\hbFf[ pVE2q7E2_apCF[\_ OfAaE2FfE

`b_>OXEYktc\ZOf`b[\_aF2>,C]CkfOfACE2k6pVEOtcd`bhbF[>_D#E2D.[>kfTAC`E2kXc\kXZtAUTZ2cd_g7E[>]C_ap`_

(

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OfAaE^ZYc>ZtACED.E2D#[\kXT\VOXACE^c\Z2ZEGFfFK`F6Z2cdhbhEGpc#Aa`O+7[\OfACE2kfK`FeEMOXACEgChb[VZt Aac>FOf[g$Ehb[>c\pCE2pkf[>D OXACEDcd`b_

D#EYD#[\kXT\UOXAC`FnFf`OX]acOX`[>_`FKkXEEYkXkXE2pc\FKc#D#`bFXF2l@ACEsq7[EYk6ZY[\_aFf]CD#qVOX`[>_c\_apOf`bD.`b_C[\c#pVE2|U`bZYEsD#c&T

AC`b\AChbT|cdkXTpVE2q7E2_apV`b_C[\_OfACED#EYD#[\kXTshbEY|\E2h #lyKZ2c\ZtACE> }MZYc>ZtACE\Dcd`b_.D.E2D#[\kXT %~KACE2kfEOfAaED#E2D.[>kfT

c\Z2ZEGFfFfE2Flc\kfEKq$EYkf[\kXD#E2p@AC`FlD#E2c\_aF,OXAacOoKACEY_#OX`D#`b_CcFfE2i']CE2_aZEK[\D.E2D#[\kXT.c>ZYZEGFfFfE2F2OXACE6_U]CD^g$EYk

[d,c\Z2ZEGFfFAC`OXF6Z2cd_g7EFf]aZ2ZE2FXFe]ChhbTpVEYOfEGZÇOfEGp

JI]Ckf`b_C.OfAaEsE¡VE2ZY]VOf`b[\_VEsZYc\_pV`FeOf`b_C\]C`FfAOXACkXEYEM·cdD#`bh`bE2FK[\Z2c\ZtACED#`bFXFfE2FKc\Z2Z[>kXpV`b_COf[

(

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Z[\hpFWOtcdkfOD#`FfFfE2F2VKAC`ZtAc\kf`FfEI[>kOfACE (7kXFeOKkfEYEYkXEY_aZYEIOX[c.pacOXc

ZYcdq7c\Z`OWTD#`bFXFfE2F2VKAC`bZtA[VZYZY]CkK`OfAaEFe`bYEs[\~OfAaEpCcOtc.c\kfktc&T#E¡CZE2E2pCFOXACEFf`2EM[\OXACEZYc>ZtACE

Z[\_!a`bZOD#`FfFfE2F26KAC`ZtA Dc&T£AacdqCq$EY_ [\_ChbT `.c\ZYZYE2FXFeEGFZ2cd_ qCkX[|\[> \EOXACE!E2|U`bZOf`b[\_ [\^kfEGZE2_>OXhT

c\ZYZYE2FXFeEGppCcdOXca

;_ OXACEkfEGFWO.[dIOfACEqacdq$EYkGlEK`bhbhK[\_ChbT Z[>_aFe`pVE2k.ZY[\hp FeOXcdkfO#[\k#Z[\_!a`bZO.D#`FfFfE2F2 @AC`F#ZtAC[\`ZE`bF

D#[dOX`|cOXE2p g'TOXACE·c>ZÇOOfAacdO#FfTUD.D#EYOfkX`bZEY_aZYkfTUqVOX`[>_ cdhb\[>kf`OfACDFcdkXEpVEGFe`b\_CEGpOf[c\ZtAC`bEY|>Ec;kXEYhcOX`|>E

AC`b\A+Ffq$EYE2pn@ACEYkXE[>kfE>7c\hh[\q$EYktcOX`[>_aFKD^]7FWOMg7E`D#qChbEYD#EY_'OXE2pgUTh[U[> ']aqOXcdgahEGF6KAC['FeEsOX[dOtcdhFe`bYE^pC[

_C[\O6E¡CZE2E2pOfACEZ2c\ZtACEZYc\qac\ZY`OWT>

+6_7pVEYkKOXACEsqCkXEY|U`b[\]aFKc>FfFf]CD#qVOf`b[\_~UOfACEg$EYA7c&|'`b[\]ak[\OXACE^Z2c\ZtACED#EYD#[\kXTpV]akf`b_Ccd_EY_7ZkXT'qCOf`b[\_ #[>k

pVEGZkXT'qCOf`b[\_ %pVE2q7E2_apCF,g$[dOXA[\_.OfAaE6ZYc\ZtAaEK`_C`Of`cdh7FWOtcOfE6c\_ap.[\_.OfAaEnFeEGi']CEY_aZYE[d9D.E2D#[\kXTc\Z2ZEGFfFfE2FKAC`ZtA

cdkXEq7E2ke[>kfD#EGp,@ACEc\FXFe]aD.qCOf`b[\_aFDc\pCEMgUTOXACEcOfOXc>Zt \EYk[>_OXACEZYc>ZtACEM`_C`Of`cdhFWOtcOfEsDc&TAa`>AChT|&c\kfT

c\Z2Z[>kXpV`b_COf[OfACE.OtcdkX\EOXE2p!ZkXT'qCOf[\>kXc\qCAC`Z^pVE2|U`bZYE\.PV`_aZYE.OfACE2T+FWOXkf[>_C\hbTZ[>_apV`Of`b[\_!OfACE#qCktc\ZOf`ZYcdga`hb`OWT

[dOfACEcdOeOtc\Zt 9UoEsZtAC[U[>FfE6OX[Zhc\FXFe`TZYc>ZtACEcOeOtc\Zt VFc\Z2Z[\ktpV`b_COX[.OfACEsZ[>kfkXE2Ffq$[\_apV`b_C.kfEGi']C`kXEYD#E2_>OtF[>_

OfAaEs`_C`Of`cdhFWOtcOfE[\OXACEZYc>ZtACEM

C 1 MOfACEGFeEcdOeOXc>Zt VFIkXE2i']C`bkXEOXAacO_a[OtcdgChbE#`_U|>[\hb|\E2p+`_OXACEEY_V

ZkXT'qCOf`b[\_;cdhb\[>kf`OfAaD g$E.ZY[\_'OXc\`_aE2p`b_;OfAaE.Z2c\ZtACEg$E[>kfE.cd_UT[\gaFfEYkX|cOf`b[\_~I@AC`FIZYhbc>FfFn[dcdOeOXc>Zt VF

`bFDcd`b_ChbTgac>FeEGp[>_OXACEs[\g7FeE2kf|cOX`[>_[\Z[>hbpFeOXcdkfOKD#`bFXFeEGFY

(9)

C= C* M`_!OfAaE2FfE.cdOeOXc>Zt VFnOXACEc\pV|>EYktFfc\kfTD^]7FWOsg$E#c\gChbE^OX[

OfkX`>\EYkMOXACEZYc>ZtACE#`_'Of[c U_C[K_FWOtcOfEg$E[>kfE.OXACEEY_aZYkfTUqVOX`[>_@AC`FsD#E2c\_aFMOfAacdOsOfACEcdOeOtc\Zt \E2k

K`hbh\E2_CEYktcOXEc#ZtAC['FeE2__U]CDg7E2k6[dZ[\hpFWOtcdkfOD#`FfFfE2F2

*$C> B B* MOfAaEZYc\ZtAaE.c\hkXE2c>pVTAC[\hpCFsc\hhOXACE.OXcdgahEGF`_V

|\[\hb|\EGp`b_OfACEsE2_aZkXTUqVOf`b[\_cdhb\[\kX`OfACD

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g$EpV`bFXZ]7FfFfE2p`_OXACEs_CE¡UOnFfE2ZOf`b[\_aF2

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(

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