RESIDENCE SITES OF IRON IMPLANTED INTO METALS

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RESIDENCE SITES OF IRON IMPLANTED INTO METALS

B. Sawicka

To cite this version:

B. Sawicka. RESIDENCE SITES OF IRON IMPLANTED INTO METALS. Journal de Physique

Colloques, 1980, 41 (C1), pp.C1-429-C1-430. �10.1051/jphyscol:19801167�. �jpa-00219654�

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque C1, suppl6ment au n ^O1 , Tome 41, janvier 1980, page C1-429

RESIDENCE SITES OF IRON IMPLANTED INTO METALS

B.D. Sawicka

Institute of ikcZear physics, 31-342-Cracow, P o Z d .

Yyoerfine i n t e r a c t i o n s t u d y f o r i r o n i m p l a n t e d i n t o v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s were performed d u r i n g t h e l a s t few y e a r s u s i p g t h e 5 7 ~ e c o n v e r s i o n e l e c t r o n iNbssbauer t e c h n i q u e /I-7/. Mbssbauer d a t a f o r a l - l o y s o f i r o n w i t h 30 elements, mostly d- m e t a l s , were c o l l e c t e d , f3r whizh d i l u t e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f i r o n i m p u r i t i e s were i n - t r o d u c e d by room t e m p e r a t u r e i m p l a n t a t i o n o f ~ e + i o n s i n t a e l e m e n t a l t g r g e t s . Based on t h e s e d a t a one may a t t e m p t t o c o r r e - l a t e t h e behaviour o f i r o n i m p l a n t s w i t h t h a atomic and macroscopic p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e t a r g e t s . The Mbssbauer d a t a f o r t h e samples o f v a r i o u s e l e m e n t s i m p l a n t e d

, w i t h 1 0 ' ~ - 1 0 ~ ~ of 5 7 ~ e / c m and e n e r g i e s 2 of 10-70 keV / I - 6 / o r 8 0 key /7/ w i l l be d i s c u s s e d h e r e i n t h i s r e s p e c t . Thore- f o r e , a l l o y s u n d e r s t u d y c o n t a i n e d t h e morn t e m p e r a t u r e i m p l a n t e d i r o n , w i t h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s from 0.1 t i l l 3 a t . % F e y de- pending on t h e dose and t h e energy a p p l i e d .

It was s u g g e s t e d p r e v i o u s l y /2/ t h a t t h e atomic volume i s a n i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r i n d e c i d i n g about t h e i r o n i m p l a n t loca- t i o n and, t h e r e f a r e , i s a p a r a m e t e r w i t h which t h e Mbssbauer d a t a f o r i r o n i m p l a n t s can be c o r r e l a t e d . T h i s s i m p l e c o r r e l a - t i o n i s now v e r i f i e d based on more d a t a p r e s e n t l y a v a i l a b l e . In Fig. I t h e a t o - mic volumes f o r t h e e l e m e n t s o f m a t r i c e s u n d e r s t u d y a r e p r e s e n t e d and t h e p o i n t s a r e d e s i g n a t e d by f o u r d i f f e r e n t symbols

a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d i f f e r e n t behavi.our o f i r o n i m p l a n t s determined from t h e N8ssbauor s p e c t r a . @ - p o i n t s mark t a r g e t s i n which i r o n r e p l a c e s p e r f e c t l y t h e h o s t atoms. @-points mark e l e m e n t s which also form random s o l i d s o l u t i o n s w i t h i r o n , however i r o n s i m p l e a g g r e g a t e s ( i r o n o l i - gomers) can be d i s t i n g u i s h e d i n t h e spec- t r a a p a r t f-om i r o n monomers. @ - p o i n t s i n d i c a t e l a t t i c e s i n which i r o n h a s a tendency t o agglomerate, and i r o n ol.igomers formed o u t s i d e of t h e randomization con- d i t i s n s were i n d i c a t e d by t h e ~vI8ssbauer s p e c t r a . Open p o i n t s i n d i c a t e t a r g e t s ira, which i n t e r s t i t i e l l o c a t i o n of i r o n i s thought t o be i n d i c a t e d by t h e s p e c t r a .

Ill N V Vl Vll VUl I II I N V VI B B B B B

I I I I I I I I

a;%

-5 0 5

Fig.1. Atomic volumes f o r v a r i o u s elements A s s e e n , i r o n atoms can be s i t u a t e d a s random s u b s t i t u t i o n a l s i n l a t t i c e s of e l e - ments s i t u a t e d c l o s e t o i r o n i n Fig. 1

(@ and @ p o i n t s ) which c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19801167

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C1-430 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

s m a l l m i s f i t between t h e volumes and t h e d i f f e r e n t f o r d- and p-elements. The e f f e c t i v e c h a r g e s of i r o n and h o s t atoms.

For very s m a l l d i f f e r e n c e s i n b o t h para- m e t e r s even s t a t i s t i c a l l y p e r m i t t a b l e d i - mers a r e n o t r e s o l v e d i n t h e s p e c t r a . In l a t t i c e s of elements w i t h atomic volumes very d i f f e r e n t from t h a t of i r o n , i r o n i n t e r s t i t i a l s appear. The atomic volume i s t h e r e f o r e a l e a d i n g f a c t o r i n d e c i d i n g about t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n a l o r i n t e r s t i t i a l l o c a t i o n s . It i s n o t a b l e , however, t o e x p l a i n t h e d i s t i n c t l y d i f f e r e n t p r o p e r - t i e s of i r o n i n @-type l a t t i c e s . Also, t h e observed i n Fig. I s e p a r a t i o n between t h e groups of m a t r i c e s w i t h i n t e r s t i t i a l o r s u b s t i t u t i o n a l i r o n l o c a t i o n i s n o t c l e a r - c u t . What a r e t h e more a p p r o p r i a t e s t r u c t u r a l parameters? The parameters of Miedema e.a./8/ and t h e i r c e l l u l a r model of a l l o y i n g were t e s t e d . T h i s model was shown t o be a p p r o p r i a t e f o r numerous a l - l o y s and s o l i d s o l u t i o n s formed i n equi- l i b r i u m c o n d i t i o n s /8/. Kaufmam e. a. /9/

found t h a t t h i s model can p r o p e r l y des- c r i b e d t h e p r e f e r e n c e s f o r s u b s t i t u t i o n a l o r i n t e r s t i t i a l l o c a t i o n s of v a r i o u s i m - p u r i t i e s implanted i n berylium.

Two Miedema parameters a r e t h e chemi- c a l p o t e n t i a l ,

t*,

and t h e d e n s i t y of e l - e c t r o n s a t t h e boundary of t h e Wigner- S e i t z c e l l , nWS, f o r elements. The p l o t i n Fig. 2 shows t h e a l l o y i n g p o s s i b i l i - t i e s f o r d- and p-elements w i t h i r o n . S t r a i g h t l i n e s s e p a r a t e i r o n a l l o y s w i t h p o s i t i v e ( l e f t and r i g h t q u a r t e r s ) and ne- ga t i v e (upper and lower q u a r t e r s ) h e a t s of formation. Curves mark t h e i n c r e a s e d v a l u e s of t h e h e a t , but t h e v a l u e s a r e

p o i n t s a r e marked a s i n Fig. 1.

A s seen, t h e f o u r groups of m a t r i c e s p r e v i o u s l y numbered l i e i n remarkably d i s - t i n c t groups i n t h e diagram. The tendency f o r t h e agglomeration of i r o n i n t h e - t y p e l a t t i c e s i s noe understood i n terms o f t h e p o s i t i v e h e a t s of i r o n a l l o y formation.

I n c o n c l u s i o n , t h e Miedema r u l e s can w e l l d e s c r i b e t h e formation of both t h e s t a b l e and m e t a s t a b l e s o l i d s o l u t i o n s of i r o n w i t h v a r i o u s elements. The more d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n w i l l be published elsewhere.

Fig.2. P l o t of two Miedema parameteGs f o r v a r i o u s elements which p r e s e n t t h e a l l o y - i n g p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r d- and p-elements w i t h i r o n .

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