Etude des noyaux d'iridium déficients en neutrons par spectroscopie laser
189
0
0
Texte intégral
(2)
(3)
(4) !#"%$&' (*)&+-,&./)&,0(21435,6357%8:9;<+-,. =:>
(5) ?%@ ? CA B DFEB GIHKJMLFNOE&PQJ0R ETS UVJ#UVJ W/XZY =:? [\ W ?^]#_`[a b-cZ? \ @ bd=?fe X @ ?5g>h X [ \Zb-?5\ ijlknmojlpqrjrsutZvwyx{z|k-jl}|~tZ<~umoqlICjlt EMJnL HnJyJHB DoHJnLDVJ AFDVGVPQNQIDFJJnLdH AFS E {l:y5 J5M:UVn MJGVEJy¡¢ ¢ ¢ £¤¥£§¦¨ª© ?y«¬®¯
(6) ¯{° ±®²{³´u¬¶µ·&_l¸l¹o¸l*¸r¬º »V¼¾½{¸l¯¿±« °<¯C±·±®¯C¬ «À¹À²|±®° Á ´Â¹Z° Á ¯Ã½I« ¹²u°½V² Á l¸ ¯ÅÄl´Â°¯Ã¹ Æ NQETJn HKETNQ MJUVJ0HÇFÈMKJ {© É MJ PQPQJËÊËÌ ¦¾Í0Î0ÏVÏI¤Ð¨®¦¨. É. É. É. É. É. É. Ñ 0Í É ÍËÏo¤¥£¤Í0ÒÓÆ0ÎÕÔ Î&¦Öש EMKNOUFJML H Ì Ô ÌÙØÌ{Ê ¦Î&Ú&Ò&Æ0¨Û£ J É Ì ÜÐÝ5Ì Í0¦*Þ0Î&¨®£ ¦ S AVACB EÐHJnDVE ¦ S AVACB EÐHJnDVE Ì Ô Ì ¤ Ê ¨®¦£ Ñ Ò § ¦ 0 Ú Ï & Ú ¦ Ð ¤ Ú J ÌFØ Ì ¨ Ì ßÕÌ Í0££¨®Ò JnPOPQJ0Ê0Ì ¦*Í0Î0ÏVÏo¤¥¨®¦¨.
(7) ¡.
(8)
(9) ! #"$" % &' () *,+-.+)/ 0 213 ! &4 5$" 5/768 & +8 +9 :&#;=<> :?@$ & +A # B C& -"D 5!EF+G" 6AH2+25I &@68 J
(10) 7 # B =D6+K": $L NMPOQR76S+T# ,6): RU$$ V5U$ +8 +) R +)/=U D6WX D+25D6. 76DT B Y68I
(11) 7:& +9 V& .IU & 6A
(12) 7 B D6Z [ @6! & +A
(13) D \ B " 5: :& D +A
(14) D B 76A ] 4" 5/7
(15) D^DU$ & +7;K_#: Q+25 & 6`ab c6):&@2d$ R6e +8 &
(16) Df" 5\,+P6N g" \ &I5" 5/D6) & +).+N :&#h VX62 Di@5 +>U A6! :" " 0 +8: D+UjV &f
(17) D: X"\
(18) DZ 3 62 +7
(19) 7A j C" 5/D
(20) 7^DU $ ,+c 686N k
(21) DZ . %5$\" +7]U l&#R &m"B 6f
(22) D:&.68 F c - l
(23) 5:nD+8o!d +)/ 0 $5 Q " B R
(24) I6! :" Fp
(25) R B $;]OWI [ CU: 6+9 V& : $T B o C" 5/768 & +8$ B A5/D +8/ () *D
(26) ,+N $ UjV & q q5".5/768 & +8/7
(27) $RD6+P r& /7
(28) DD6)6N +)/ :?@ B D6+AUj " s
(29) t
(30) $&oU$ 6876Y" &D+86q6! s+8: .6g D6Y" V& +86 U 76] +!5D6= D67.U$+25 & 6,,+S+!5 >+8 +) R +)/U c
(31) DP# #R >5DuD +7 Uj " "6) sv@
(32) t .
(33) 2+9 :&w & @5/D
(34) ,+N R:&@/7 Y,+A
(35) 7:& +25 V5 TU$ &# H,+25G & pj&w : &l
(36) t $x V&w6! q D# " 6)68 & +g &l+): +g6) & 6I D6 :U: p
(37) 7 +9 :& 6[ 6)A" 5 " & +=U & 6P \ & 6N +)/U$x $& 56D;y f
(38) D:& F+N 5 6c & 5$" 5/768 & +8 +9 :&f6N 7 bY" : $ 6>B 68: #69 #6! F+8: D+ b-" : R6x &l 68: & " " ;]z -5".5/768 & +8 +N R:&CD6+r( &w v# $ 6[+): N b: 56[ VF+2 $#&. +!5X 6)/D f & +[:?x B \"D 6)6) 5 + vAR
(39) ,+) :" WR ( +9 :&qU$6)
(40) 7:& +9 V& . j2+KU$6)Z" 5U#5 & +!5
(41) t.68$;hOWA #B V `0 +Z" : [ (,+8 & J
(42) 7,++8q
(43) 7:& 569 :&##
(44) Dg&:RD6+Z"D 6 /D
(45) $ V5 K () b,+7h 6P Z
(46) D:&D+25 V5q &\ ( 6)
(47) $5
(48) . VW
(49) D F+) &.6P
(50) D{ +)/D67 U: x &$ [U$r o"B 6>:5X&.U Y" F+9 \U rB e9H$ U$YX& R^ 5A . A5/D6N U #: f R \U U 5 L$\(,EF+)/U$X&.6R & +8: 5
(51) 7 g & G|2} ~ 7:67R &fU /,+)
(52) t q
(53) 7 gg &ob 7F! Ì 7k![,7~ . N + R. ^ 5A2+x/ V5.
(54)
(55)
(56) ¤ Ò Í S , HK NOB S L D KUVJMJNQLy MUFJHTJ*HKPQJS HKÆ ÇVN!ÈnFNOJNQKB JLyUFUFMJ E¦B DVJnPQ JÇVJn ET P ÇFJLVUVHNQN ETHNQDIR HnJ*UVAVJ S E#Ç" F%$ NQI8DF J7|! !DFa MPQM© S HB NQETDVJ¶U UFJMD%ET& SB
(57) L H®UF nNOB ENOLVR THKN AVHKDVS E POJn®R S ETS L H¾UVJP J'F& MJnPOPQJnLdHKJ*oDVS PQN HKUVJ&P JMLFNOEB LVLVJJML H®SHnETNQJMP HKJM ÇFLVNQIDFJ&JH®K MNQJML HKN)(ÃIDFJ JnLDVL %BH © AFETB+* JMKNOB LFLVJnP UVB L H0 MJ0HES, S NQPuSGCMLF-Ã( MNQ Ì Ô JHKNOJnLV§NO nN :PQJM¾JML ETJ%JnET nNQJMEMÌ /. ~ :!!07 8, JnL S n nJMAoHS L HyPQS ÇFS ETR J:U JnLV nS UVETJnE MJHTHKJ HÇVÈnJ SAFETnNOUF1 PQS%H3 2 ÇVJ:UVN!:4 MNQPQJ UVJ<SM5 B LFLVJnE6l* JnE¥J%JnL H:JML HKETJZJMD%& HS L HU nPQJnLdHK:MAFS ET © MB LF MJnAIHK B DoHNQPOJH:KS,B NQE¥Ü7l* S NQETJÀÌ £ ETS S NOPQPQJME0B DFËPQS%UFNOEJM HNQB LU DVLVJ:J'V& ACnETN JML HKSHETNQ nJUVJ:S MS EETDVEJ%S HKACB DVE0B NDVLFJ ÇVS LV nJ DVLVNQoDVJÀÌ Ô8 S NAFDVNQ UVS LFËP J-F& JAFPOJUVJB L J'o& HE:9 J ETNQR DVJnDVE0 nNQJML HN!{( oDVJJHUVJ KS%AFETn MNQNQB L DFLVJ R ETS LVUFJ%AFS E¥H5UVJ:POS;l* B E MJ:LVn nJMKS NOEJACB DVE0%JnLVJnE< GVNQJnL nJ HES, S NQPrÌ DVNQJÜrHTÜ JnPQPOJ S n nJMAoHJnE ACB DVE HB DIH0 nJnPOS P J'V& AFETJnNQB LUFJSAVEB+l* B LFUVJ JHNQLVS P HnETS GFPOJ#ETJn MB LFLVS NQS LV nJÀÌ Ô J=B DVUVES NO§ETJ%JnET nNQJME®P JnLVJGFPOJUFJM®JGVETJn®UVD?¥> DFE@ ACB DVE: S,B NQES AFACB E¥HPQJMDFE nB L HETNQGVDoÜ HNQB L<S,Jn HKS L H0U SHTHJnL HNQB LZJH§UVJyR JnL HNQPOPQJnJÀÌ A CB7$D ! E D U S GCB ETU ACB DFE0JMLZS,B NQES M nJMAoHPQS%AFETnNQUVJnLV nJ Ì É JnET nNF% PQDVN¶UFJ SB NOE=* S N H AVETB+F( HJnE0UVJËHKB DIHKJ POSENO ÇFJMKJËUFJyS: nB LVLFS NOKS LV nJyUVJn*HKJM ÇFLVNQIDFJM&J'V& ACnETN JML HKS POJnUVJ#POS:AFÇGF NQIDFJ LÀDF MPQnS NOEJ Ì É JnET nN¶DVEÐHB DoH UVJL S,B NQEH¥> SS NO0UFB DIH:UFJ MJHTHKJ HÇVÈnJJHJMLZAVS EÐHNQ MDFPONQJnEËUFJ S,B NQE JMLF MB DFETS R JH&B DIHKJMLDZUVS LF&%SUFM nNQNOB L UVJ AFS E¥HNQEIJME&POS:AFÇGF NQIDFJ UVB L HH¥> J#E:9' S NQnÌ Ô J#ETJ%JnET nNQJ HETÈn ÇVS PQJMDFETJnDVJJML HKJ B-IML ~ ON, k7 ACB DFE:P HKDVUFJ MEDVAFDVPQJMDFJ JH:J'F& ÇVS DVHN!JP
(58) PQS IDFJMPQPOJ JMPQPQJ S B DINQËB LS LDV nETNQAIH-Ì S AVEB+l* B LVUFJMDFE:JH5P J-F& S HN HDVUFJ%UFJM?l* ETS AFACJM ÇFNOEDVER NO nS POJn oD JMPQPQJS B ACMEMJnS DQ& JnLVUVEB N HKTHKETSHnR NQIDFJM&UFJ§B LHJ'I& HKJ B L H§ACJMEÐ%NQ*U JnLR HKJME¾POJn* nS ETS AFS MJnNQLDIHNQPQJM JH:UFJP B D%VENOE1Z DV L HKÇV2 HEJ U B ACMESHNQB L AFPODF 6 S THKJTS Ì É JnET nNM A DU !,2 U S,B NQEAVS E¥HKS R S,Jn S DIHS L HUFJ%S PQNQ MJ UVJ:NQLV nnETN H:JH#UVJ<Ð> B NOJ P JML HKÇVB DVKNOS TJ:oD SDF MN H:JnL B N¶ nJ HES, S NQP®UVS LV B L%JnL HNQJMEMÌ É JnET nNCJnLV nB ETJ0U S,B NQE*S KDVET&JnAFETJ%NQJnETAVS *UFS LV¾P S nJMLFNOB LUVJ0 nJ&IDFJ¥> J0AVEJMLFS NO LVS+V7J%JnL HACB DVE5POJnyS NQR DVNQPOPQJn NOLFS M nJnNQGVPQJM#U DVLVJ nSHÇVnUVES POJXnW Ì" $ N 7|! ! B GFJnE@JS,Jn %DFLVJ SHTHJnL HNQB L J'o& HE:9 JPQJMAFETB R EÈMJH:P -B PQDIHKNOB LÅUVJ ÇVS oDVJHKÇVnS ETUÅUVJ POS Æ N)FNOKNOB LÌ Jn nB LVJnNOPQ ID JnPOPQJS<DZJ AVEBIUFNOR DFJME#S DQZ & BJML H nPOJ'l* JnLAVS E¥HKNO nDVPQNQJME#DVEPOJ BoUVJUFJY* B LV HNQB LVLFJJnLdH UVJ0P Ù Î LVN!JnETN H S ENODZ ¤:[ B L H¾HK&U DVLR ES LVU JM nB DVEnÌ ¨ LQ{( L > S N¿JnDPOJ&AFETN!VNQPOÈnR J&UVJ0GCnLV'{( nNOJnE UVJn nB LVJnNQPO¶JHUVJnÛEJS EIDFJM®UVD L ]\=_^ b, © ETJn nJ-B NQE®B LS JnL HN %JnL HACB DVE MJ*HKETS S NOPCEJMPQÈ'J ACB DVEB NCU DFLVJ` S POJnDVE nNOJnL HN!{( oDVJ0NQLVJnTHN S GVPQJ Ì Ñ J&KB DIHNQJnL% S#HK&U DVLFJËR ES LVUVJS NQUVJ0UVS LFPOJn ikmOy@v7a:7tXbdl7mOmFcfqe,eo mFg:c+hTi!o oikikj'j'cTl7-mnxklpm38orq8ikqsxky@mnv7j'v7tTtGg:iklpm:yo uHXxkmFl7m:mcem:vF} tXvtTcry@cXxkv7mIcXmng:,w,u|v7x!m,yzo3v7Tv7xkMj'uM'qsmDlpv7o l7m:hTtGc1Xy@v7x!i!-tToItXl7mFu=mdmn'o c`tTv7xkmF{:h+l7ikj'm|tXt+xe,exkxk}c+cXtXqsGchTXxkl7~:ik{ntXh+l7xo'm:xk'ccGtTvqsmnhTl7vMmOxklpqseoDh+mIm3e,y@h+mFv7m:xku|w'v7xkm:o3vpuHqFcX'm:cm:o lnvv7 mOi!o/o tTikm3Gy@v7tT'l7t m_} gne,v7mlpo3yzcXm 'v7m:lpuMoOw mno c,xkvFim:i!o v q7-o tQ}hTMl7gOuMqsmnm3c,qvp-o mnv7tTxkj'cFTj'xkilpo l7gnikmh+j'u`c+} e`j'c#v]iky@tXj'x%uDqsTm:tTikgi%'eqsmOtqdHyzj'lpo c+Ce,v7xk v7xkiXxkj'e,cGmqiketTxG} m:e,xkx!l7qsm,v7m:ncGh+y@j'mFtXleik} tTtTc?xTv7q7gnoOuMw'j'j'xkxk'lcT-mntXlQxQeqsmmnlpuHo xkj'vc#xko uHx3uMm:cGqsml7mOyzj-cXc+o x!q7q7o c+yzm' s y@m:l7vpo ixkcXm3mOqsqvikxkw,'lpcTo mOxQqi!eImm:v7cGm:y@j'v7l7m m'j-Q|'t y@xk} xkmnii%ur:n} mOqsvDo l7l7xkw'gMemIuMm|y:o'q7qsm:lD'tTm:i!'tTm3qe,m:cvpqm:c6v7l7gnTt+yp+o cvu=o i!o'e,l7j'xkv7m:uHm:cv qstTl.
(59) HB DoHJn&UVJnETLVNQÈnETJn&HKS ACJM¾UVJËS EMUFS HKNOB L S PQB EToDVJPQJUFB DIHKJy JnL S ÇVNQS N HnÌ Ô J0HNQJMLFUVB LF PQDVN S UVEJMKJME NQ MN P -J &FAVEJMKNOB LUVJB LN JnLVJ&S UoNOESHNQB L<JH§UVJ0SAVPQDVMFN)JETJn nB LVLVS NQS LF MJÀÌ Ú P B ETNQR NQLVJ*UFJ nJHHJHKÇVÈnJ*KJHEB QD JnL H*UFJM%D & ACJnETB LFLVJnÛoDVNFB L HJnD DFEB NIPQJ*AFPODF%Jn@E JnNQPOPQJMD%& S nJMLFUVS L HnÌ ®JnLVNQES D
(60) B LVUFJUFJPQS AFÇ VNQoDVJLDF MPQMS NQETJ S H DVL ACJnD JML/ MJ IDFNJ% nB LV nJnETLVJ MB:J DFGVNQE<DVLªAVETBo nJMKDV<UFJLFS NOKS LV nJAFPOSHKB LVNQ MNQJMLFLVJ © S B PQB L H
(61) NQLQ* B E¥DFPOnJU HKDVUVNQS L H GVDoHNQLVS N HNQLVLFBI nJJnL HS QD &5UV!N JMEJn¶GVETS LF ÇVJn®UVJn¶ MNQJnLV nJMAFÇ VNQoDVJnnÌ B EToDVJ¾P ÇVJnDVEJ*JnDIH¶B LFLV <P S AVAVEBI ÇFJ%U DFL
(62) THKS R J >¥1 J VNQDVLVJPQDINOÈnETJ © JnPQPOJS LVS N HËUFD
(63) GFDVETJnS D
(64) UFJ J J :8 E Ì Ô J LVJ KS, S NQ0AVS &S ÇFS LV nJ ©¿£ ÇFHKNO0AVPQB LVR JnS L HyKB L Ú ÇVNQPOPQJ U HDFUVNQS LdH#UVS LFËPQJnJnS DQ& BGVEJM UVD Ï pH Q& LDV nPOnS NOEJ JnPOPQJJ&UVN H S PQPO J
(65) 0JH¾L ,S J
(66) AVS ACJnDVE r>¥`J B DV§UVB NQ ÇVÈnETJ É S ETETS NQLVJ 0JM AVEJNQÈMEJMS E¥Jn MJnPQPOJn®IDFN¿LFJ& B L H >ÐSS NOHETS ÇFNrÌ Ú M nJMAoH J
(67) ACB DFE*,S B NQE*H` P B ETNQR NOLFJ&UVJ&HB DoH MJn nN JM¾ETJJME MNQJJnL H*PQJn*AVPQDV= * B DVR DFJM%D &ÂÌ ¤ P*JnTHUV!N 4: nNOPQJ%UFJUFM nETNQETJ<PQJ ÇVS E¥J ID 'J &VJn:E 5nSZDVE B NPOJETn nN HUFJMS JML HKDVETJnUVJnSHBJM ETS UFNOB S H!N *l E- * ETS HS NQETJn HKJMP0oDVJ >¥JZP JnL HJnLVUVNQ PQS AVEJNQÈMEK J * B NO UVJPOS/GCB DV ÇVJ UVJ $# ,N.}X Ì Ñ JMTHoD NOP¶EJMLFUVS N HyPQJLVBS D
(68) S DR ETS LFU{D%&UFJPOS VNQJ nPOJn HKETBS R LVHNQoDVJ UFS LV#DVLZ%JnE@JnNQPOPQJMD%& ÇVSHKB NOJJML H0UVJ5PODo%NQÈnETJnPOS KJMEMÌ É JnET nN Ø{S UVN UFJyHB L NQLVUF- * JM HNQGVPQJ B DoHNQJML B ETS PuJH0NQL HJnPOPQJM HDFJMP UVJ& nJHHJSHHJnL HNQB LUVJHKB DVPOJn®NOLFTHS L HK*oDVN{EJMPQ-È J§AVS @E * B NO¾UVJ&P B %B KJJHIDF8N B N HS# MB L HKETJnAVS E¥HKNOJ POnR N HN %J§UVS LV¾ MJHTHKJ&R ETS LFUVJ0J-&FNQR JMLF MJ&UFB LdH¾HDf*lS NQAFETJnDQJ0JHoDVN{ JMH® ÇVÈnETJÀÌ Ñ JM®ETJJME MNQJ%JnL H MB LFTHN HDFJML H DVLÅ nS UVETJ HETB A 'J &VNQR D ACB DVE:' BIoDVJnE MJ IDFJ<ETJnAVEMKJML HJZACB DFE5B N¾LVBHEJ ETJnLV nB L HETJ HJn HKB LVNQIDFJyoDVNuJMDoH&PQSAVÇ VKNOoDVJ#ACB DVME Jn HKJMDFE © NOPÂL JnTH&oD POSEJMLFUVET? J :POS ÇFS LV nJËGFSHS NQPOPQJMLFLVJÀÌ Ô S N JMD P 'J &oH:E 9JyAFPOS NQNQE&JHPQJyHEÈM0R ETS LFUAFET!N VNQPQÈMR J UFJyHE,S S NQPQPOJnE0S D oDVBHKNOUFNOJnLZS QD &Z RHn0UVJ MJnE¥HKS NOLFJM#ACJMEB LVLFJM#S QD &FIDFJMPQPQJMH >¥1 J B DVUFETS NQ S UVEJMKJME0S NOL HKJMLFS LdH JnEJJnET nNOJJML HKËPQJM0AFPODF ÇVS PQJMDFETJnQD &Ì A I DX, U S GCB EU IDFN&S
(69) DF)N FN&P JnLVJGFPOJ<UFJ<B L/HKETS S NOP&S JM GCJnS DV nB DVAªU SHTHKJML HNQB LÂÌ ¨ POPQJ S<NQLVN HNQf LVBGFETJU S E MS LFJM5DVGoHNQPOJn UVD nS PO nDV P &S EÐHETJnJÜ Ø{BI /S D UVHJn HJnDV E "!$# ,S Jn É AVSHKNOJnLV nJ Ì JnËLFBGVEJMDFJnyNQLdHKJMEETB R SHKNOB LF >ÐDVoD S DQ& AVPQDV#LVS+V7Jn B L HyHB DG>¥B DFET HEB DQS DVAFETÈn U JMPQPQJDVLS M nDVJnNOP¶GFNOJnL JMNQPQPOS L HnÌ Ô J HNQJnLVJMLAVS EÐHNQ MDFPONQJM? E PQSEJJnET nNOJnE0ACB DVEPOJnËLFBGVEJMDFJny nETN Ü $#U ZcF L| HNQIDFJM§JH§DVR R JnTHNQB LV&UFB L H0JMPQPOJ& SR DFNOUFy,S Jn ËS JnTHENOSJH&GCB LFLVJyS Ç*lDoS %N H&JnGCDVnE LV ' AV({S nEÐNOPONB PQEJM*UVHKJB DVPQSE&ETJnH&UVS PQJn HNQUVB L<HB UVDFJ#ET M0J&U H 'JDV&oL HJÀ: ÌFTHKÈJ0-J &FACÜ ETN JML HS P® nBAVPQJ-&FJ Ì É JME MN®UVJ S,B NQEËJnLVJnNQR LVfJ UVNQETNQR JnEyUVS LF PQS *lB En9H5ACJn HKETS PQJUFJM#ETS NQJM SHBNQIDFJM JHUFS LV:PO; S >ÐDVLVR PQJ<UFJM B DoHNQPO:NQQL * B E¥SHNQIDFJM-Ì É JnET nMN PQDVN*nR S PQJJnLdHACB DVEPQJM LFB:Ü GVEJMDFJM#ETJS EToDVJnyJHyDFR R JMHNQB LV PQB ET#UVJ:POS ETnUVS HNQB LÂ Ì % FL a|! O E S DV!N VN®S JM :DVLFJ%SHHJnL HNQB L HB DoHJSHJnETLVJnPQPOJyB L ' B PODoHNQB LZS D &DVE0UVJ nJyHJnETEN HKB NOEJUVD8G 2HKN JnLdHM¢ UFB LdH JML AFSHNQJML HJ B GVJnE@ÀSHETNQ nJ JnPQPOJ nB LVLFS('OH®HKB DVPOJn¶S HKJMDFETJHPQJMB NQLVUFETJnS ACnETN HnnÌ É JnET nN{U SB NOE®AVS EÐHS R 0S,Jn HS L H&UFJ nBAVPQNO nN H*JnS LFR B NOKJMJHJM >¥B NQJnnÌ É JME MNÂU S B NOE¾UV' *lS N HAVSHKNOJ:JML HACB DVE%B N{HKS L H UVJ¾S M¶UFJ*)L &ËDFUV®S UINQLVNQTHESH!N *lnÌ É JnET nN JnQL (ÃL U S B NOE¶B E ÇVJnTHE&,S Jn *JnLdHKETS NQL:JHGS >¥JnTH¾POSNQJ &ËD%VEJyUFD PODFLV ÇZUVBo HKB ETS P Ì*% ,+ ~ !a|!}: S HKJMLFUVDZP HENOJnEUVJ#P JnLVJnNOR LFJJnL H KSGCB LFLVJ ÇDo%JnDVE MB:DFLVNQ MSHK)N JJH&S:NQLV nMEN HKËB L H0UFrJ nETN HS GVPQJn&ETJ%ÈnUVJn= :PQS %nPQS LV nB PONQJËJHDFL MEN HKS GVPQJyB DoÜ HNQJML:S DoDVBHKNOUFNOJnL © ACB DVE¶HB DoH* nJMPQS JnET nNrÌ É JME MNÃS DVN A _^ J|H " L 7!!5 oDVN AVDFNOS L H¾S LV MJnJ0S D< &DVE*UFJËPQJnDVE nDVP HDFETJyBo nMS LFNOoDVJ B L H&ACJnDVAFPO0B LoDVBHKNOUFNOJnL<UVJ6 FETNQS UVJn*UVJ#ACJHKN HKJM§JH UVJR ES LVUVJnyÇFNOHB NQETJn MJnPQPOJn0IDFN¶ETJnAVPQB LVR JnLdH5POJ HKETS S NOP¶S D >¥B DFEËPQ`J >¥B DFEËUFS LV#POJ B QD JJML H0AFPODF S THKJUVJPQS<ACJMLFnJ MNQJnLdHKN)(ÃIDFJ Ì ¨ L%({L >¥J HKNOJnLV?EMJnE@JnEDVLETJ%JnET nNQJJnLdH0HKB DIH#AVS E¥HKNO nDVPQNQJME? -/ ~ :a:!~ © NQP{S#HKACB DVE®B N{ MJHNOL HKJMEPOBo MDoHJnDVEHETS LFIDFNOPQPQJ nBACHKJML HJHUFNOACB LFNOGFPOJ&UFB L F H > S N AVD nAVEB QD JnEËPQS: MEDVJnPOPQJyLFM nJMKN HK JML AFS E¥HKNO nDVPQNOJnE&PQB EToDVIJ >ÐJy JnS S NO§ACB DVE&PQS%AFETJ%NQÈnETrJ * B NO&S D HKNOJnEU JnLVKJMNQR LVS L HnÌ.
(70) J-&FACnETNQJMLF MJ:DFEyP NQETNQUVNQDI JnTH#DVLVJ &DQFETJ MB PQPOJn HN!J N AVPQNOoDVS L H DFL R ETS LFU LVBGVETJUVJ:HSÜ POJnL H © > S N¶JMDZPQS>ÐB NOJU 9HEJNOL HnR ET:S DZJnNOLZUFJ MJHTHKJ MB PQPOS GCB ESHNQB LJHH>¥J6B DFUVETS NQyJ'&FAVETN JME&NQ nN %SAFET+B * B LVUVJ5ETJn MB LFLVS NQS LV nJP NOL HJnL HNQB L UVJJn*JGFETJnnÌ Ô S N JMES NOU S GCB ETU HKB NQR LVJn E A IL 53 O E JK H A 1^ !,2 UVJZB L N :JMLFJ<S UINQETSHKNOB L AVS zE *lB NQMUFDVnJ JH§UVJ0B L%EJMACJn H © S DAVEJNQJMEoDVN AFS E MJ0UFB NORHKËUFJ JnPOB DFETKNOUFMES LdH ACJnDIH B DIJHTHEJPQJn$ ÃQD &#UVJ®PODoNOÈnETJ¶PQJM|AVPQDV|ETJnGCJMPQPOJnJH|U DVLyR JnTHKJÛN ACJME MJnAIHKNOGFPOJ JnL {S:JnEPQJMu n,S FN HKM HKJMNQL HJn ÀS DJn MB LFUUVB L H¾P NOLFR MLFNOB KN HK POS0AVSHKNOJnLV nJ&JH¶POSAVEM nNQNOB LU B zE *l'È VEJ&ACJM%D JML HJnDVPQJM JnLVNQE GCB Do HUVJy nJn*HKS DQ&<AFETn MNQJnDQ&<JH0PQB DVETUF0NE-* ETS HS NQETJn0S DQ& UFJMNQUVJnETSHKS%J'&FACMEN JnLdHKS DQ&Ì É Jn ET nN UVJË ,S B NQ#E * S N H&AFS E¥HKS R ,S Jn HKS L H0UVJyR JnL HNQPOPQJnJ0JHUVJR MLFMEB N HKy nJH§N :JnLVJ0S B NOEÐ7Ü *lS NQETJÀÌ Jn -J &FACMENOJnLV nJn# Ñ ÍÉ ®|¤TÏ LFJACB DFETES NOJnL H,S B NQEPONQJMD:S LF*PQSyAFS E¥HNQ nNOAFSHNQB LS H!N J P NQL JMHNQJ%JnL H JH POJ %U VLFSNOTJ UFJ LVBGFETJnQD &ªS DIHEJM MB PQPOS GCB ESHJnDVE<IDF; J >¥J<HNQJnLV /ETJ%JnET nNQJME:AVS EÐHNQ MDFPONQÈnETJÜ %JnL H © PQJAVNQPOBHKS R JNQLQ*lB EÐSHNQIDFJ&UVJP J'&FACMENOJnLV nJ*JH®P S nIDFNON HNQB LLVJ§S DVES NOJnL H*UFB LVLVJnEAVPQJMNQLVJJML H SHNQ: *lS HNQB LÅS LV:PQS FNQR NOPQJMLF MJ UVJ " ! JHPOJ : VHÈ%J POS KJME *lB LF HKNOB LFLVJnEAFPOJnNOLFJJnL H:S LV \= - ~b,N! Q |!~ :2aa, POJ K,S B NQE¥7Ü *lS NQETJUFJ U/ - ! N7 Ì Ô S Bo MNQ A -/L #b IDFN¿B L H¾B+4: MNQ&S,Jn HS PQJnLdH§J S D: nJMM&AFES JETSHKJnJMETDF nE NO JyJMP L NQL+H>ÐJM HJnDVEJH¾PQJPOB LFR J UVJnPONQR LVJnJHS,JnJ H IDFN HE,S S NQPQPOJnEJnTH¾DVf L MEN HKS GVPQJËAFPOS NQNQEÌ A F ,L S#DV!N VNCSyAFETB R EJMKNOB L U S AVAVEJML HKNHÇFMKS ET U ¨ ¤ V Ï 0 Í 0 Æ ¨ HÇVnS EU AFDVNQ= UFBI HJnDVEMÌ POPQJ&S AVACB EÐHJ#S QD & -J &FACMENOJnLV nJnM PQS *lB NQS AFETn MNQJnDVJ MB L HKETN Ü GVDIHKNOB L/U J-&FACMEN JnL HSHENO nJ:S R DVJnETENOJ:JHyS GCB LVLFJ%ÇDIJnDVE#UVNQAVPQB%SHKJ:IDFN *lB L HyJnE@JnNOPQPOJÀÌ É JnET nN I !7 IDFNAFETJnLVUJML ÇFS ETR JLVBGVETJUFJM&3H 2 Ñ ÇV¨®Jn˦NQÒ LVÇFMÔ EJML HJn< %PQS%UFN JnLVNQB L NQLdHKJMELVSHKNOB LFS POJ UVJ nJHHJ nB POPQS GCB ETSHKNOB LZJ<H %B L UFMEB DVPQJJnL HyS D Ì J#HNQJMLF PODFN'J &VAFETN %JnES:R ETSHN HDFUVJ ACB DVE® ,S B NQ E *lS N HGCMLF- (à MNQJnE¶UVJ&SR ETS LFUVJ&'J &VACnETNQJMLF MJ§UVJPQS FNQJUVS LFPQSË nB:DVLFS DIHK& MNQJnLdHK)N (ÃIDFJ S D nB DVET§UVJI*lEDV HDVJnDVKJM&UFNO nDVKNOB LF JH§ACB DVE¾P S M nDVJnNQPC ÇVS PQJMDFETJnDQ&<oD NQPà SyEMJnE@` É SJMLF MJÀÌ É JME MNuMR S PQJ%JnL IH A - N
(71) ,~ n EG ! 2aa ] A +6)LHU !, , k~ X JH U :kL oDVNB L H S AVACB E¥HKPOJnDVE&AFETn MNQJnDVJ# MB L HENOGFDIHKNOB L % nJHTHJ#-J &FACnETNQJMLF MJÀÌ É JnET nN JM%L ({P L |U |!~ !37 IDFNS N H R DVNQUVJnEPQJn` >¥JnDVLVJn:DIHKNOPQNOKSHJnDVETACJnETUVDF JH%PQJn S DIHKETJn S JM HKS L H%UFJ<B PQPONQ nN HKDVUVJ JH:U 'J 4: MS nN H AVS E¥NPOJnynS LVUVEJM5GCB ETR JnNOJnLV5UVD Ñ ¨®¦Ò JHUFB LdH:P S AVAVDFN*PQB R NOHNQIDFJ%JH U%VLFS%NQoDVJJMTH5ACB DVE GCJMS DF MB DFA UVS LV&PQJ0GCB L<UVnETB DFPOJJML H&UFJM§-J &FACMENOJnLV nJnnÌ Æ S LVPOJ {BHNOL HKJMLFJUVJ PQf S VNQJyUFD PQS GCB ETSHKB NOEJ nJnE¥HS NQLVJn0ACJMEB LVLFJM0 B L H&HKJMLFUVDPOSS NOL JH %B L S M nB ETUFyDFLVJySHHJnL HNQB L AVS E¥HKNO nDVPQNQÈMEJ Ì - ,F~ L|,F f S *lS N HËAFS E¥HKS R JMEB LZ-J &FACnETNQJMLF MJ UFIJ >¥JnDVLFJ:JH0%U VLFS%NQoDVJ ÇVJnET ÇFJMDFJ © PQJM0UFNOTÜ MDFNQB LVoDVJ0LVB DF&,S B LFJMDFJM B LdH¾R ETS LFUVJJML H0n MPQS NOE0DVE¾POJ&BIUFJ0UV`J *lB LV HNQB LVLFJJnL H&UVJPOS MB:DFLVS DIHKyUFJËPQSAVÇFNOoDVJ#LDV nPOnS NOEJ Ì É JnET nNU SB NOE*HKB D+>ÐB DVET0AFETNQ&POJ&HJAVUFJ S M nB ETUFJME¾DVL MB LFJMNQP JHUFJ ,S B NQE® B ÂJMEÐH,S Jn HS L HUFJ&R JML HNQPQPOJnJPQJ(R 'QHJ&JHPOJ nB QD JnE¥H¾JnLACnETNQBoUVJ&UVJ&R E-È J&UFJ POSPONQR LV J :Ì Ô J B DFUVETS NQS UVETJnJnE&DVL JnET nN¿HKB DIH#AVS E¥HKNO nDVPQNQJM`E -/ ~ E ACB DVE0,S B NQE&HB +D >ÐB DVE S M nJMAoHUVJ AVS E¥HKS R JMES JM :B N®B L JnLdHKÇVB DFNOSJ MB:DFLVNQ MSHK)N *§ACB DVE P JMLFJMNQR LVJJML H JH ACB DVE MJn0ACJHKN HKËAFETB GVPQÈ%JnH>¥B,JnDVKJJnLdHEMB PQDV JMLFJGVPQJ DVEDVLZ nB NOLZUVJ HKS GVPQJMS DB DZUVJ nS ÇVNQJMEMÌ Ô J ETJ%JnET nNQJHKETÈn ÇFS POJnDVEJMDFJ%JnL H < :5 F ] E B J k, F, JH $#DL ~ }k!~ oDVN AVS EPQJnDVE GCB LFLVJ ÇÀDoJMDFEÛ nB:DVLFNO nSH!N J*JH®PQJMDFEÛR JnL HNQPOPQJnJ B L HDETJJHHETJ§DVL:ACJMDUFJETB K=J Jn >¥B DFJM®8A 2 PQBHTHKJM PO6S JnNOPQPQJUFJyP nAVEJM%D J PQJMDFET nB LVJnNQPO* B L HHU DVLVJ#S NOUFJyAFETn MNQJMDFJÀÌ Ô rJ B DVUFETS NQ&MR S PQJ%JnL H&ETJJME MNQJnEHB DF& MJn nB POPQS GCB ETSHKJMDFET0JH nB POPQÈMR DFJM§UVB L HP S NOUFJËJHPQSHEÈM R ETS LVUFJ% nBACHKJMLF MJ B LdH#HNQLVUVNQACJnLVS GFPOJnyACB DFEËJnLVJnrE <GFNOJnLETJn ÇVJnET ÇVJn JHyJnLVKJMNQR LVJJML H U DVLVJ§AVS E¥H JH¶UVB L H®PQSR JnL HNQPOPQJnJ U S DoHETJ§AVS E¥H ETJnLVUPQIS VNQJIDFBHNQUVNQJMLFLVJS D PQS GCB ETSHKB NOEJ*HJnPQPOJJML H AVPQDV®S R ETnS GVPQJ*JHFVN! S L HJ © JnET nNQ \ !7 !$ UVB L HPOJB DVENOEJJnLVB PQJMNQPQPOJPOJnS NQETJn¶J-&FACnETN %JnL HS PQJM %JnET nN A $#. ! !7 .r ,5F JH -/ k,N~ NuSHTHKJML H!N *l0S %D &<UVJnNQUVJnETSHKS%AFS @E *lB NQ&HS ES GVNQ MBHKM UVJn AVÇ FNO nNQJMLF uJnET nFN U
(72) ,~ 20 ^= 2!0 JH ^H k!,2 S JM oDVN > S N JnETS NQyS B NOE.
(73) JMLF MB EJ&B DQJnL H*P BI n MS KNOB LUFJHETS S NQPOPQJME ÀJME MN A ]L N~ :2 JH|" ]L s,V ACB DVEPOJnDVE®S NQUVJ&PQB ETUVJ POS5AVETnAVS ESHNQB L UVJ&B L £§ UVN H G Ø VJME MN " L ~ |2} D oDVNÂETnDVKN H¾P J'&VAFPOB N H*U 9HEJr5POS* B NO MBAFPOHJJML H®NQLVUVNQACJnLVS GFPOJ&JH®UVNQACB LFNOGFPOJ ÀJME MN 1J CB - F L|!}k7 J U :L! % . 7L nE JH . ~$!72 oDVNo B L H®R DVNQUV§N+>ÐDVUVNQ nNOJnDVJJML HDFN) S L H®PQJM¶KNOLDVB KN HKM®GVS GCJnPQNOJnLVLFJM®UVJn¶ETSB LVLFS R JM JME M%N 6J 8U 7!5 JDH J CB A L !X7h IDFN{,S JnL H®ETnR POJnE¶PQJM nS LVNQTJ®DVGoHNQP{UVJnNOKNOB LF,S Jn HKS L H UVJ AFETn MNQNQB L JH0UFJ nMPQMEN HK {JME MN | !a F~ JH LH_L a|2} ~ oDVNB L H MB L HKETNQGVDV:S H!N JJnL H0JH S,Jn &GCJMS DF MB DFA%UFJ&R JML HKNOPQPOJnJIPQSyETnDVKN HKJ&UVJB L:ACBHUVJHÇFÈMKJ ÀJnET nN JnLQ(ÃL J $ ~ :!ka7 JH -/ A XN7b|2} UFD<Jn@E FNO nJ&ETJnAVEB R ETS AFÇVNQJ oDVNuNQP¿S AFAVS EÐHNQJML H0U S AVACB EÐHJnE&P DVP HN J0JH¾NOLFUVNQACJnLVS GFPOJ MB L HKETNQGVDIHKNOB L nJHKETS S NOP Ì Ô JLFJS DFETS NQB DFGVPQNOJnEU S Bo nNOJn E Z nJMEJJnET nNOJJML H#%Jn nBAVS R LVB LFUV J * B E¥HKDVLVJ JH B D U NO%L *lB EÐHDVLFJ © Jny nB POPQÈnR DVJn UVBo HKB ETS L H-Ì Ô S N JMES NO#IDFJ X 5F S n MJnAIHKJ%NQ MN®JM#ETJJME MNQJÜ JML HPQJMAVPQDV¾ ÇVS PQJMDFETJnQD & ACB DVE,S B NQE*H& nJ& MB %L ({UVJnL H&SHTHKJML HK)N * NQLV nÈnETJ NO%L *lSHNQR S GVPQJJH¾UVJ&NCGCB L MB LFJnNOP Ì £ B LS%N HNQS<HDFL
(74) B DoHNQJML NOLFUVNQACJMLFS GVPQJ:ACJMLFUVS L H HKB DIHJPQS<UVDFETnJ%UFJ nJHTHJHKÇVÈnJ:JH MB L HKNOLDVJUFJ P 9HEJyS DIÜ UFJMCP FÌ Î L<JnET nNHB DoH0AVS EÐHNQ MDFPONQJM`E J 2~ !' oDVIJ > S NuHB GD >¥B DVEy nB LVNQUVnETnJ MB:J%SR ETS LFUVJZ &DVE:UVJ<HKÇVÈnJ MJnPOPQJ IDFN&P B LÅACJMDoHJ< nB QL ({JnEPOB EIDFJ P B L FNOJnL HUFJ<J *lS NQETJ R EE B LVUVJnE oDV N¶ nB LVB PQJ UVB LF JHIDFN MB LFJnNOPQPOJÀÌ JM0 nS AVETNQ nJMUVDZ© nS POJnLVUFETNQJMELVB DFyB L HySJnLV % JHËB N <B D ÂETNQEËPQJnË S ÂEJM? <ACJMDAVEÈM#JMLZ; 9JHJ%AF nB DVES R JACB DFEyPQS<DFN HKJ S LVBHKNOB L UVJ ¥AVETBB<UFJHÇVÈnJ S DFETS N HyAFS ETD NQLV nB LVR EDVJ,S S L H nJnr *lSJnDVJn ¦ JMLF MB L HKETJn Ô JnDVLFJM Ñ ÇVJnET ÇFJMDFET&UFJ M :Ý0ETS KJ UF:>z6*lB E¥HPOB DFMJn*UFS LV&UVJ0LFBGVEJMDFJM§JH§ETn MJnL HJn*HÇFÈMJnnÌ Ô S N JÜ ETS NQN AVPQJJnLdH§ETJJME MNQJME ACB DVE*HKB DV0 MJn*GCB LFB%JnL HAFS nCP Ü GVS JH&NQ MN ,F~ 57 U Va L J 2~ !a JnLV nB ETJ \ !V 2 a a 7] ha7:~ }k~ " a|!~ F JH A XV, Ì Ô J HNQJnLV< ETnJn@E JnEËDFL JnET nN HB DoH0AVS E¥HKNO nDVPQNQJME= MBAFS R LVB L<AFETB,FNQUVJnLdHKNOJnPUFJËAFS NOPQPOBHHJ#R ETS B NQJÀÌ S nJMLFNQB LUFJ&POS#POB LFR DVJ0n ÇVJnPOPQJDVLF)N JnETKN HKS NOEJS#LVn MJnN H&DFL%KB DIHNQJnL * S%NQPQNOS PFS D%PQB LVR nB DVE >¥J#AVET+B (FHJ UFJy nJM&PQNQR LVJnACB DV© E&S UFÚ ETJnJn=E %Ñ JnAFS ETJnLdHK 0JHS &DVE % , F JM¾AVPQDV&NQLVÚ nÈnETJn&JH S ÂJM HDFJMD%&ETJJME MNQJ%JnL H UVJ LFLVJn - ÇFSGCnE@ Ý0ETJnLVB GVPQJJH S ETNQ®JMLAFS S L H®AVS E HÇVÈnLVJn NO%P S0JnDDVLACJnDUVJ* ÇFJNQL AVS E MB DFETDUVJnAVDFNO®DVLFJ nJMEÐHS NQLVJ'J &VAFPOB KNOB L U Ç FUVEB R ÈMLFJ&UVS LVPQJR S ES R J JDH B DV§P ,S J
(75) =*lS N HS JM &B NrÌ É JnET nN nJM%D &%oDVNC B LdDH *lS N HP N :JMLFJ*AFPOS NQNQE*UF|J JnLVNQE® n MB DoHJnE AVS Ez*lB NQÛUFJPQB NOL % :N~ N JH - }k,! L' JnL AVS Ez*lS N HJnSGFS S UFETNQ MJn¶UVDEJMTHKJ*UFJPOS&HKETNQGVDSB,S ETUFJ % k3 BU :N JH - ,V L JM NOLFUVNQACJMLFS GVPQJnÛ nBAVPQNO nJn UV'J FETS NQTCÜ >¥J&UFNOEJ*JM¶ nB:%ÈnETJn HB GD >¥B DVE AVEMJnL HJnyUFS LVPOJn0MAFETJnQD JnyJHËUFB L HyP SN HNQy JnTH& ÇFÈMEJ - }X! 2b~ k}k JY H J :!a, UFB L HyP SN HNQ NOLFUV'*lJn HKNOGFPOJJnTHy nB L HJACB ETS NQLVJUVJ:POS DVTJnL HNQB LVLVnJJ-&FAVPQB NQB LU ÇFUVETB R ÈnLVJ JMTHUFNOEJ Ì ¨ LQ(ÃL >¥A J! LV JB S DV|!E}kS ,NO& B DFGVPQNOJnE nJM%D &oDVNuNQP¿n ÇDIH0UF JJ0DVAFACB E¥HKJME&UFS LV&PQJËoDVBHKNOUFNOJnL<UVJPQS M B PQ hPOBo}k n SLH NQB L © J IDFNCS DV!N FNC,S Jn GCJnS DV nB DVA U SHTHKJML HNQB L<P S S LV nnJ&UVJ&SyETnUVS HNQB LJH oDVN © SHNQLS AFETÈnSHNQLSyS E¥HJnPQIËSyACB EÐHJ0B L:HB LVN HEDVS L H0JH*S P! SHKJMDFE ®JMELVJ'%UFJMGCB DoH HKÇVÈnJ` ({LFNO
(76) E <S LFPQJMoDVJnPÂ MJ0HE,S S NQPL S DFETS N H0AVEB GVS GVPQJ%JnL DH >¥SS NQSHTHKJMNQL H&B LHKJMEÐ%JUVS LF&POJn*UFMPQS NQnÌ.
(77)
(78) . .
(79) M¢.
(80)
(81).
(82)
(83)
(84)
(85) Jn&LVBS DQ&ZU NQETNQUVNQDI S,Jn S AFAVS E¥HKNOJnLVLFJML HYPQSETnR NOB L UFJËS JIDFNETJnPQNOJ#POJnHJnETEJM ETS ETJnS DAVPQBGUVB L H&PQJ&LVBGFETJUVJ0AVEBHB LV yJnTHS R NOoDVJÀÌ S#AVETB AFETNQHKyLDV nPQMS NQETJ0PQS AVPQDV NOR LF)N (Ã MSHK)N J:ACB DFEy nS ETS HnETNQJME# MJHTHKJ:ETnR NOB LJMHyPQSUF-* B E¥SHNQB L
(86) R PQB GVS PQJ:UVD
(87) LFB,S DÌ JMLVBS DQ& UVJnyHJnETEJMES ETJn UFB L H:POJLVBGFETJ UVJAVETBHKB LV:JnTH AFETBo ÇVJU DFL
(88) NOPQNQJMDUVJ MB DF ÇVJ "!$# " AFETÜ JML HKJML HUFJMUV'*lB EÐSHNQB LV*UFS LV¾POJnDVE®HSHD*lB LVUFSJML HS PuACJnE¥S LVJnL HJnJHAVETB LFB LV nMJnnÌ S<*lB EÐ%J&UFJ MJnLF,B S %D &ACJnDIH§ETS NQB LVLFS GVPQJJnLd|H 9HKETJ0UVn nETN H`J P S NQUVJ&U DFLJnPOPQNOAF+B V UVJ&UFJ0ET' B PODoHNQB LAVS ESHKET AVS E PQS<oDVS L HN H ÇVS GVN HDFJMPQPQJ #&% UV' ({LVNQJJnL Ú UVD Ñ ÇVS AVN HEJ ¤¤ Ì S S ENOSHKNOB L UFJ: MJHTHKJ%oDVS L HN H UVHJnE¥NOLFM<J AFS E¥HNQE&UVJnBJnLdHK*oDVS UFETDVACB PQS NQETJn&NOL HENOLFÈnIDFJM( ' )JnTH¾ETJnAVEMJnL HnJyDFE*PQ6 S ({R DFETJ ¤ ÌQyACB DVE&oDVJnPOoDVJn&LVBS DQ& S PQPOS L H0UFJMHKJMEETJnES ETJnD>¥DVKID S D AFPOBGÌ JMLFB,S D%&ZUVJnHJnETETJn0ETS EJM ACB ÈnUVJnLdH§DVLFJ * B E¥J&U JMPQPQNOAF+B V UVJ0UVJ0E- B PQDIHKNOB L GVNQJMLS POPQB LVR 0DF)N ÀS LdH§P +S &FJ&UVJ0: o%HENOJ LVB S QD & ¥AVETB PQSHJ *JH* nS ETS HnETNQnJ0AVS E*DFLV` J S PQJMDF E #&% *,+ -/.10FÌ Ú D * DVE*J=H #%JnDFETJ&oDVJ0P B LJ0ETS AVAFETBo ÇVJ UVJPQS * B E¥J AFÇVnETNQIDFJUFDZAVPQBGZ MB EETJnACB LVUFS LdY H %PQS * JMEÐJHKDVETJUFJ AVEBHB LF 23 POSUV' *lB EÐÜ %SHKNOB L UVN %NQLDVJÀÌ É S NQF>ÐDVTHKJyS,ÀS LdHPOS6* JMEÐ%JHDFETJ# MBAVPQÈHJUVJPOS nB DV ÇFJ B L<ETJnLV nB L HETJ5DVLVJ
(89) MB LFJ UVJ&LVB S QD &UVJ&AFS ETSÈHETJn # % *lS NQGVPQJnJHLVnR SH!N *l S DoHETJJML H¾UVN HUVJnLF,B S QD &S AFPOSHKNODV!N S L HP +S &FJ UVJ: IHENOJ LV,B S %D & ¥B GFPOSHKJ Ì Í LHKETB QD J#MR S PQJ%JnL H S QD &S PQJML HKB DVET&UFD<AVPQSHNQLVJJH*UFDJME MDFETJ UVJnLF,B S QD &UFB LdH§PO<S *lB EÐ%J&L JnTHAVPQDV®HB Do=H <*lS N H nB ETEJM HJJML H¾UVn MEN HKJ&JML: nB LVJn@E ÀS LdH¾PQSy: oHKETNQJ S+&VNQS POJÀÌ Ñ JHHJETnR NOB L/NOL HJnE¥nUVNQS NOEJJnTHS AFACJMPQMJ ba~ E GaN k! a~ Ì ¨ PQPOJJnTH ACJnDVAFPOnJ nB:%J B L P S DVETS MBAFETNQU DFLVJZR ETS LFUVP J S ENOH<UFJ *lB EÐ%Jn:JHUFJ<UV' *lB EÐ%SHKNOB LFUFN ÂnETJnL HJnnÌ NOL HKMnE 9H ACB DVEyP HKDVUVJUFJ: MJHTHKJETnR NOB LSH:SJMLF AVS EPQS<UVn MB %D JMEÐHJ:AVS E Ô ÌÊ*B LFL D JnL/M ¡U DVL ÇVS LVR JJML H§B DVUFS NOL UVJ0POS#UVNQTHENOGFDIHKNOB L<UFJ0 ÇVS ETR JJnLdHKET5 J 47618 &R J H 47619 &R NO®JnL%' VNQUVJnLV nJ0AVS EPOS %JnDFETJ:UVD UVnAVPQS MJJML H#NOBHKB AVNQIDFJ;: ʾB L ¡=< Ì Ñ J ÇVS LVR JJML H NQL HJnETAVEHK< nBJ PQS%HKETS LFN HKNOB L U DVLV=J * B E¥JPQMR ÈnETJJML H¶S AFPOSHKNOJ§POJPQB LVRUVJ§P +S &VJ¾UVJn IHETNQJ JnET®DVLFMJ *lB EÐJGVNQJMLS PQPQB LVR nJJML HKETJ > 3?@-A JH > ?@- B KJyAVEBIUFDVN HyKDV n MJn!N JJnL HJnLVDFN HKJ JML HKETJ > 2?@-"JH > ?@-0%JH0JML HKETJ > 2?@- JH > 2?@-C?UVB LVLFS L HyS NQLVN|LVS NQS LF M6J :DFLVJ dB MNQPQPOSHKNOB L <AVS NQE¥Ü N %AFS NOE&UFD ETS B L nS ETE %BJML UFJ ÇVS ER JD: Î P " < nB:%JB LZACJMDoHPOJ# MB LFTHSHKJME0DFEPQSf({R DVEJ ¤ Ì ¡oÌ Í LZB GVJnE@J5UVJ* S5MB L R MLFMES POJ0DVLFJ0B MNQPQPOSHKNOB L:UVJ0ACJHN HJ&SAVPQN HDVUFJ0JML HEJ0POJnLF,B S %D &AFS NOE*JHPQJnLF,B S QD & N %AFS NOE®UVS LV HB DIHKJ PQS5HKS GVPQJ UVJn&LDV% nPOnNQUVJn : Ú %D * <oDVN UFS LV0POJ nS &UVN H L~ k nB ETEJMACB LF U DFL ETS B L nS ETE %BJMLUVJ: ÇFS ETR JFEHG IKJ AFPODFyR ES LVU
(90) ACB DFEyPQJ:LVB,S D AVS NQEËoDVJ:ACB DFEyPQJLVB,S D/N AVS NQEÌ É S NQ ÇFS GVN Ü HDVJnPQPOJJML H JnPOPQJ0LVJ0 S M nBAVS R LFJ% AFS U DVL ÇVS LFR JJnLdHUVJPO S * B E¥J0UVD LV,B S DÌ S S ETNQSHNQB LUFJ ET,S B L nS ETET B JML UFJ ÇVS ETR M J LCEHG INJHO@P1QSRUTVQSWONX JnDVEMJ5NO nNJnTH0U DVLFJAVS E¥H#PQS%AFPODFËR ES LVUV<J >ÐS%S NQ B GVJnE@nJM: Î P " <uJH&U S DIHKETJ#AVS E¥H0KJ§HKETB D%J NOLJnETnJAVS EES AVACB E¥H0S D MS R nLVnETS P © POJ0LVBS D N :Ü AVS NQEJnTHAVPQDV¾R ETS LVUoDVJ0POJ§LV,B S D AVS NQEÌ S DIHKET=J * S N HS EToDVS L HUFJ&POS#MENOJ&NQBHKB AVNQIDFJ&UVD:%JnET nDVEJ JMTH§POS HKETÈnR ETS LFUVJ#UVN ÂMEJMLF MJ#UVJET,S B L MS EETËB JML UVJ ÇVS ETR J#JML HKETJyP HKSMH *lB LFUVSJnLdHKS P Y %4 T .
(91) -¡.
(92) 0.4. Gd Tb Dy Er Tm Lu Yb Hf. 0.3. Nd 0.2. β2. Ta W Re. Pm Ho. Sm. Os. Eu. Ir. 0.1. 208. Pb. 0. −0.1. −0.2. Hg. 80. 85. 90. 95. 100. 105. 110. 115. 120. 125. 130. N. ¤ ÌQ © !" #$%#$%& ')(*" +,(-.# /0" +12$435 6(* 6#!-08793:9$4"3%;(<,+1 #;(3%2793:#!<,793:#=+,=( (;#=$%#><, ?&!@A+,(-B$%#=C #!" #=D?*?#=FE GDHIKJLAM4NO-:P9QRK#!S;T(*3%C<,# #!?U!3% #8E V <1 P9WRK#!-X'Y(-:U!+,(-X$436-:( I% #Z$%#-[#!3%?(*-:=!\. JH§P HSH¾NOBnETNQIDFJ(Y 4"%] ^ UFDLFB,S D<UFJ 4 619 &R IDFNL JnTH¾UVnAVS KMJIDFJ0UVS LV§POJ0 nS *U NQBÈMEJM UV`J ({KNOB L : Î P " < Ì J*;9JÛHpFACJ&UVJ nBACB E¥HJJML HKÛAFS NOEÐÜ N AFS NOE®JH/* B LVUFS%JnL HS P Ü NOKB%ÈnETJ&SS DVKN{HB GFJMEz&UVS LF POJ¾AVPQSHNQLV J : JnJ Æ DVB &NQP JnÊ* = < © P B nNOPQPOSHKNOB L5AVS NQE¥Ü N %AFS NOE®NQL JMEMJ§ MB:JUFS LVPOJJMEÐÜ MDFETJ MB:JMLF MJ:AFS EPOS<HKETS LVKN HKNOB LÅUVD/LV,B S D 476 8 Y H *lS NQGVPQJJnLdHUV' *lB E¥HETNQ+S &FNOS DP JMEPOJLVB S D ¤ 47619 H:S+&FNOS P¾GVNQJML S PQPOB LFR : JnÊ* @<¥Ì P*J'&VNQTHKJNQ MNS DVKNDVLFJ S ETNQSHNQB L UVJ ETS,B LÅ nS ETEB,JnL UVJ ÇVS ER JN ACB E¥HKS LdHKJËJnL HEJP HKS#H * B LVUVSJnL HS $P Y `_% ^ JH¾P HKSHNOBnETNQIDFJ Y %4 T %S NQ® MJn®UVJnQD & AVÇFMLFB%ÈnLVJn&UVJHES LVN HNQB L JHUVJy nBo-J &FNOHJnLV nJËUFrJ *lB EÐJMKJËAFETBoUVDVNQJnL HËUFS LV0PQJËAFPOSHKNOLFJy,S Jn yDFLVJ B NOLF*R ETS LFUVJ SAFPON HDFUVJyoDVJUVS LF&POJ&JnET nDVETJÀÌ # B nNQPOPQSHNQB L AVS NQE¥Ü N AVS NQEËS HKNOL HJnETAFETHnJ ACB DVEPQJM0nETNQJM0NQBHB AFNOoDVJnUVJ ÕAFS NOE nB:JyDVL J ÂJH0bU aPP S AFAVS ETNQJ%JnL H : ! S c <¥Ì Ï S LV0JnLdHKETJnEËUFS LV0PQJM&UFHKS NOPQ0UVJnUF)N JnETKJM&UFJM nETNQAIHKNOB LFHKÇVnBÜ ETNQIDFJM&AFETB ACB nJn B L<ACJnDIHN AVPQJJnLdH§ S NOUFJMEU DFLVJ N S R JËS AFAVE,B &FN SH!N J © PQS:ACJMEÐHJ U nLVJnETR NQJ S Bo MNQnIJ POSAFETnJMLF MJU DVL LÀDF MPQnB L LVB L<S AFAVS ETNQyJnTH¾ MBACJnLVnJ0AVS EPQJLV,B S D JML S UVB AIHKS L HËDFLVJ UV' *lB EÐ%SHKNOB LAVPQDV®N ACB E¥HS L HKJ nJoDVN{KNOR LF)N (ÃJ&MR S PQJJnL H®JML:AVPQS 5nS LdH nJLDV nPOnB LUVS LVDVLFJ&B ETGFN HKS POJ UV' *lB EÐ%nJNOUFJML H!N ({S GFPOJÀÌ É S NO&oDVJ#JyAFS JÜrHTÜ NQPS PQB ET0ACB DVE&PQJn& ÇVS(' LVJn&NOBHKB AVNQIDFJM0UFJ ·N AVS NQEB D NQL HJnE@FNOJnL HË nJHTHJ<*lB NQ JML AVPQDV P NOL HKJMES HKNOB L EMNQUVDFJMPQPQJyAVEBHB LoÜ LVJnDIHEB L Î LFJËHKETS LVKN HKNOB LZUV<J *lB EÐ%J#SGVNQJML H#B GVJn@E nJ JML HKETJ 476d Ú 6 D * S NOGFPOJJML H®S AFPOSHKN{JH 4 618 Ú D:GVNQJMLS PQPOB LFR #&%(* -/.U B" : ß S P <¥Ì Ñ JHHJHKETS LFN HKNOB L: S Ü MBAFS R LVJU DFLVJ*HKETÈn_ * B E¥HK=J S ETNQSHNQB LUVJUF- * B E¥SHNQB LS NOL JnTH®DF)N FNQJ*oDVJU B nNQPOPQSHNQB LV * S NOGFPOJn POJ:LFB,S D NOLFTHS PQPQS LdHAVPQDIHORHf nJHTHJLVB D%JMPQPQJ%UF-* B E¥SHNQB L : ß
(93) S P Ï S,F ¢< Ì ¤ PJnTH<*lETS AFAVS L H UVJ MB LFTHSHKJME&oDVJ nJHHJËHKETS LFN HKNOB L UFrJ * B E¥JË S n MBAFS R LVJU DVL< ÇFS LVR J%JnL H0U HKSH0UVJAVEBHB LÂÌ Æ D , RHK dPOB DFETU UFJ*PQS&HETS LFN HNQB L PQJM|HKSHF *lB LFUVSJnLdHKS QD &UFJM¶LF,B S %D &U B EN %AFS NOEB L H®PQJMHSHK ]%[^ NOKDVUVJ0PQSyB DFTÜ MB DF ÇVJ0AFÇVnETNQIDFJ feFghyJH %%4 ^ NQDFUFJ0P B ETGFN HKS POJ&AFÇVnETNQIDFJ 0%iOhFj Ì Æ D, RHK PQMR Jn E P HSH *lB LFUVSJML HKS P¿UFJ 47619 Ú D:JHPQJnÛHSHKUFJ&AVEBHB L MB DFAVPQMS D:LVJnDIHEB LUFS LVP HKSH *lB LVUFSJML HS P.
(94) N. 100. 105. 0,1 fm. 110. 115. 120. 125. 130. 2. Hg. 80. 185. Au. 79. 186. 2. δ<rc >. 186. Pt. 78. 187 185. 186. 100. 105. 110. 115. 120. 125. 130. N. Y2¤ Ì ¡ © S*"+,*"+,(*-:=$ #> 9(*- U?&2 6(A#!- $%#>U:@f#>$%#=-:(A3 /.$%#2@ E V2<1 P9WR)M 83
(95) E
(96) <,P
(97) M4
(98) 9L4M CA=
(99) AQ R #!S2E 2+1<,P
(100) M GD#
(101)
(102) R)\. VU J 476 Ú DJH 47618 Ú D B L H NQDFËUFJPQSKB DVTÜ nB DV ÇFJ%AFÇVnETNQIDFJh : ß S P ¦ B DF < Ì # J'&VACnETNQJnLV nJ %B L HKETJ oD AFS E¥HKNOEUVJP NQBHKB ACJTHS GFPOJ 4 _ d Ú DJHH>¥DVKID F4 6d Ú DZPOJES,B LUVJnËLFB,S DQ& S ENOJEÜ R DVPQNOÈnETJJML H JH PQS UV'*lB EÐSHNQB L
(103) HEÈM ACJnD ({R DVEJ ¤ Ì ¡" AFDVNQ B DFUVS NQLVJ%JnL H S,Jn %PQJ: ÇVS LVR JJML H U HKSH E L8~b~ ] PQJËLF,B S D<S UFB AIHJ#DVLFJyS DIHKETJ#UV'*lB E¥SHKNOB L PQS oDVJnPOPQJ0NOP NOLFTHS PQPQJ Ì £ B DoHJ0AVS KJ UVB LV : nB:%J#NP HSHUFJAVETBHKB L dTHS GFNOPQNOKS N H PQS * B E¥J Ì Ñ JHHJ N AVETJnNQB LZJMHËEJM%L *lB E MnJAVS EPOS MBAVS ES NOKB L%UFJM¾NOBHKB LVJn > ?@- B 476!] H W JH 476 Ú D W : ¦ B DV Ï S DF < Ì ¤ PCJ-&FNQTHJ0JnL%J ÂJHDFLVJ UVN ÂMEJMLF MJUVJUV' *lB EÐ%SHKNOB L NOR LF)N (à MSHK)N JJnLdHKETJ #&%(,+ -/.U 0 : JnÊ* @ <uACB DVE§P HKS#H * B LVUFS%JnL HS P UVJ 476!] H¾NOUFJML H!N ({ nBJ¾P B ETGFN HKS POJ0UVJ0LFJMDoHETB L ?"! T$# B ?&%uJ H # %(,+ -/. (A 0 : JMʾ @ <ÂACB DVE¾B L HKSHËNQBnETNQIDFJyNQUVJnLdHKN)(à MB:J '! T(# B ?"%¥Ì Æ S LV 476 Ú DZPQS% nB LQ(ÃR DVETSHKNOB L UVJ P HKSHI*lB LVUFSJMLoÜ HS PuJMT*H )V'! T(# B ?"%,+ ! 0 ! T(# B=0 %JH nJnPOPQJ0UVJP HKSHNQBMENOoDV-J )&?"! T(# B ?&% +!$0 ! T(# B=0 % : ¤ GVE < !$0 ! T.# B=0 %¶JnTH0NQD<UFJ POS nB DV ÇV/ J 0h *HKS LVUFNOIDFJ PQS%UFN ÂnETJnLV nJ UVJ5UV' *lB E¥SHKNOB LZJnLdHKETJPQJM&UFJM%D & © JMTH¶HKETÈn/ * S NOGFPOJ # % + -/.U BB 0 ®JH # %W + -/.U ('1 0 : JMʾ < Ì Ú NOLFN S POB EoDVJ§POJ*; 9J ÇFS LVR JÜ %JnL H®U B ETGFN HKS POJn®UVJLFJMDoHETB L:NQL HJn@E FNOJnL HJnL HEJ&P HKSFH *lB LFUVSJML HKS PCJH¶P HKSH®NOBnETNQIDFJUFS LV 476!] H JH 4762 Ú D NQPLVJ5 S n nB%AFS R LVJ#AVS 0UVS LF 4762 Ú D U DFLZ ÇVS LVR JJML HUVJ5UV'*lB E¥SHKNOB LÌ Í E&P B EGVN HS PQJ UVJAVETBHKB L POS oDVJnPQPOJ:PQJ%LFJMDoHETB L KJ nB DVAFPOJ JMH PQS; 9JUVS LFPOJnyUFJM%D &
(104) HSHKUVJ 476 Ú D © B L
(105) S P N AFETJnNQB L%NQ MNuS DVKNoDVJP HSH§UVJyAFETBHKB L THS GFNOPQNOKJËPQSUV' *lB EÐ%SHKNOB LÌ.
(106) .
(107) . # S N HKDVSHKNOB LJMHUFB LV &HEÈMUVN ÂnETJnLdHKJËJnL HEJPQSy ÇFS('`LFJ&NOKBHB AVNQoDVJ0UVJ AFS NOEJH nJnPOPQJUVJ N AFS NOE © S POB E oDVJPOJ:LVJnDIHKETB LÅJGVPQJ:S,B NQEyPQJ d ÇVSA PQNOGFETJ PQB EToDVJPQJ%AFETBHB L JnTH5S AVAVS ENO NOPJGVPQJ LVJAFPODF 9HETJ:oDVJACJn HSHJnDVEUVJ:PQSUF- * B E¥SHNQB LUFS LV#POJ nS Ë nB L HES NOEJ Ì É S NONPQS nBAVS ES NOB L HKS N H§ACB NQGVPQJ0JML HEJyUFJMD%&J'&VJAVPQJMUVS LFPQJAFETJNOJnE* nS *SJM &RJH H NOPÂL J'&VNQTHKS N H¾AVS E nB L HEJ AVS UVJ: nB%AFS ETS NQB LZACB NQGVPQJ,S Jn POS ÇV(S ' LVJUFJP B EACJnE¥JHTHKS LdH#UVJ: nB QL (ÃE¥JME0PQSR nLVnETS PQN HK:UVJ Æ S DoHEJ AVS E¥H Ý Ì Ï JMJ c¾S POU 7g ,S S NQJML HB LdHKET DFLVJ UVN ÂnETJnLV nJ UVJ<UF- * B E¥SÜ MJn:ETJS EToDVJnnÌ Y HNQB L
(108) N ACB E¥HS L HKJ%JnL HETJP HSH<*lB LFUVSJML HKS PJHyP HKSHyNQBMENOoDVJUFJ 47618 ¤ Er<AFS E¥HKNOE UFJ:POS%JnDFETJ UVJnBJML HKoDVS UFETDVACB PQS NQETJn : Ï JMJn <¥Ì HKDVUVJ0UFJM¾LV,B S %D &U NQETNQUVNQDI UF- (à MNQJnLdHK*JnL%LFJMDoHEB LV&AVS E ACJn HKETB nB AVNQJËPQS JnE* N %ACB KS N H¾S POB EnÌ Æ S LVPQS EMR NQB L UFJ HKETS LFN HKNOB L PQJnAVEB GVPQÈJn%KJ ACB KJML H nB:%J LVB DV JMLFB LV<UFJ PQJPB NOE JML HJnE¥JnU S EÐHNQ MDFPOSHKNOB L UVJnËAFETB AFETNQHKM#LÀDF MPQnS NOEJM# MB PQPOJn H!N JM& nB:%J#PO; S *lB EÐ%JJHPOS UV' *lB EÐ%SHKNOB L ,S Jn :POS THÒ EDV HDVEJ%LDF MPQMS NQETJÑ JnPOPQJÜr; 9¤Jˤ JHyPQJnËAFETB AVENOHn UFJMHKSH#UVJ:AVS EÐHNQ MDFPOJ:NQLVUV!N FNOUFDVJnPOPQJ:UVJ S PQJMLF MJÀÌ B DF1JMEETB LVS D ÇFS AVN HETJ IDFJMPHFACJ<UFJETJnAVEMKJML HSHKNOB L JnTH:SHTHKS ÇVnJ<DVLFJHJnPOPQJ S E¥HKNO nDVPQSHNQB L PQB EToD B LS S ÂS NQETf J <DFL
(109) LF,B S D PQB DVEU
(110) nBJ P NOENOUFNODo * ? 1- Ì Ò B DF JMEETB LF UVJ oDVJnPO:B DoHNQPO:NQPJMH%ACB KNOGFPOJ UVJ J<KJMzE VNQEACB DVEUVHJnE¥NQLVJnE nJnE¥HS NQLVJn:UVJn%AFETB AFETNQHKM UVJ nJM LVBS DQ& © LFB DV UFB LVLFJMEB LVS PQB ETyoDVJnPQIDFJM#AVETn nNONQB LV#DVE#POJ BoUVÈnPOJUFD
(111) EBHB E5JH5¡oDVS NQAVS EÐÜ HNQ MDFPOJn; : Ø POB É 'J NQG @¡ <&UFB LdH LVB DF%LFB DVKBJn Jn@E FNO-Ì S MB %L *lEB LdHKSHNQB LÓJnLdHKETJZ nJHHJ ETJnAVEMJnL HSHKNOB L<UFD%LF,B S D JHPQSyETnS PQN HK&=J *lS N H*S %D &HE,S JnETUFJMIDFS L HN HnS M nJnNQGVPQJMF PQSËJnDVEJ © POS#THEDV HDFETJyÇ FACJMzE ({LFJËUFJMETS NQJMSHBNQIDFJMSyACJnE¥NQUFÈMPQJMAVEJNQÈMEJM®HDVUFJM§UVS LV¾ MJHTHKJ&ETnR NOB L UVJyJHTHKETJyJnL ' VNQUVJnLV nJyUFJyS LVNQÈMEJyLVB LZSGFNOR FJ PQJMM ÀS ETNQSHNQB LV0UVJ UF- * B E¥SHNQB LZJH0UFJ ETS B LZUVJ ÇVS ER J%oDVJP B LETJnLV nB L HETJÀÌ JnHKJM ÇFLVNQIDFJM#UVJ:ACJn HKETB nB AVNQJ:POS JnEACJMEÐ%JHTHKJML H5UVJ nB LVTHKN HKDVJnE POJnACJn HETJn&Ç VACJn@E (ÃLV,S Jn yDFLVJ R ES LVUVJ5AVETn nNONQB L JH&DVLFJ R ETS LFUVJ 'J 4: MS nN HÀÌ Í EP NQLdHKJMES HKNOB L Ç oÜ ACJMzE ({LFJ IDFN&PO'È JPQS
(112) UFMR nLVnETJn nJMLF MJ<U DFLÅLV!N JMS DÅUVJ HETDF HKDVEK J (ÃLVJ UFMACJnLVU UVNQETJn HKJJnL H%UFJ<PQS S PQJMDFEUFD BJnLdHUFNOACB PQS NOEJ<S R LVHNQIDFJ JH UVDÅB%JnL H:IDFS UVEDVACB PQS NOEJACJn HETB K MB AFNOoDVJZoDVN B L HUVJnyoDVS L HKN HKM nS ETS HnETNQTHNQoDVJnUVJ:POS HETDF HKDVEJ<LDV nPOnS NOEJ Ì Ú NQLVN JML DVLVJJnDVPQJ:J-&FACMENOJnLV nJ NOP®JnTH#ACB NQGVPQJU B GoHJnLVNQE UVJnQD &ZpH FACJM UFJ:IDFS LdHKN HKM © P DFLVJ:SHTHKS ÇVnJS D MBACB E¥HKJJnL Hy nB POPQJn HK)N * UVJnLDF MPQMB LFJHP S DIHKET`J yPQJnDVE® MBACB EÐHJ%JnL HNOLFUV!N VNQUVDFJMP LVB DFUFNOACB KB LVUVB LV 0CP ËUFJ&P B DIHKNOPCNQUVnS P ACB DVE¶HJnTHKJME¶P N S R JoDVJ¾P B LJD*lS N H®UVJ nJM LVB,S D%&ÂÌ Ò B DFFJMEETB LVUVB LF S D Ñ ÇFS AVN HETJ ¤K¤¤ nB:JML H MJnAVETB AFETNQHKM&LDF MPQMS NQETJnNQL ÃDVJnLV nJML H&PQJ&%B %D JJnL H*UFJM¾MPQJM HEB LVUFD nB E¥HKÈMR J JMHTpÜ Ü UVNQETJ nBÜ JML H#J: MB LFTHN HDFJ%PQSTHKETDF HKDVETJ Ç VACJn@E (ÃLVJJH# MB:JML H#POJ ÇFS LVR JJML H UF1 J B PODo%J:JHyUFJ%S KJ UVD LF,B S D JnL HETJ UVJnQD &/NOBHKB ACJM5UVnAVPQS MJ POS * ETnIDFJMLF MJ UVD nJML HKETJUFJ%R E,S FN HKUFJ nJHHJTHEDV HDVEJ Ì Ú D Ñ ÇVS AVN HEJ ¤ ÓKJMEB LdH§AVEMJnL HnPQJM®nPOJML HUVD UVNQACB N HN!*J'&FACMEN JnLdHKS PCS+({LUVJ0ETnACB LVUFETJ< PQS IDFJMHNQB LUVJ0S B NOE¾ MB:JnLdH¾B LACJnDIH¾JMDFETJnE nJnoDVS L HN HnnÌ MPQJnL HNQETNQUVNQDI JnLAFS E¥HNQ nDVPQNOJnE JMHDVL nPOJML H ET' *lES HKS NOEJ Å JnT6 H ZUFNOEJ<UV!N 4: MNQPQJ B NOEJ<N ACB KNOGFPOJ rZB GIHKJMLFNOEJnL *lS NQ nJMS D Ñ Í É ®¤Ï SZH MB L 5MD ACn nN)(ÃIDFJJnLdHACB DVEETnS PQNOJnEyP HKDVUVJ UVJ POSZB EÐHNQJU DFL MAFS ETSHKJMDFEJH HJn%PO§MPQJnL HnÌ Ò B DV&AFETnJnLdHKJMEB LV0S PQB ET&PQJMEMKDVP HSH&'J &FACMEN JnLdHKS QD & IDFN nB LV nJMELVJnL H0POJn*LF,B S QD & 476 T 476d ¤ E 47618 ¤ E W 476 _ ¤ 5E 4 _ 4 ¤ EËJ5H 4 _ ] ¤ EMÌ ¨ QL ({L S D Ñ ÇFS AVN HETJ nJnËEMDFP HKSH#JMEB L H UVNQ nDIHKM< <PQS PODoNOÈnETJ&UFJËLFB MS PQ nDVPQUFS LVPQJ0 MS UFETJUVD%BoUVÈnPOJ&UFD< nB DVAVPQS R JUVJ0DVLFJËB D UVJnQD & IDFS NOAFS E¥HKNO nDVPQJM| DVL<EBHB E&+S &FNOS P Ì.
(113)
(114)
(115)
(116) . d .
(117) S l* B E¥J UFJMLVBS DQ&ªU NOENOUFNODo S
(118) H UF:>z UVNQ nDIHnJ : B E " < JH ET'*lnETJnLV nJM NOLF MPQDVKJM Ì S UV'*lB E¥SHKNOB L UFJMNQBHKB ACJMAFETBo ÇVJn&UVJ#POSTHKS GVNQPON H IDFJMPuID JnL<B N HPQJNOR LFJËJnTH§S LVUFB DIHKJ*lS NQGVPQJ # *,-/. ?@0 -/. ?=BNuP B L<JnLf>¥DFR JyAFS E&POS1 S PQJMDFEUVJnBJML H§IDFS UVETDFACB POS NQETJnACJM HEB nB AVNQIDFJM : £ S L < Ì B DFEPOJn*HSHK&UVJAVS EN HKyLVnR SHN!JyNQDF *UFJyPQS B DVÜ MB DF ÇVJ h NOPuJ'V& NQTHJ0UFJMNQLVUFNO nSHNQB LV IDFJPOJ LFB, S DS UVB AoHJ:GVNQJMLZDFLVJ1l* B EÐ%J5S POPQB LVR nJ ACB DVEPOJn0HKSHUVJAVS EN HK:ACB N HKN)J5POS MB LF MPQDVNQB L JGVPQJS POPQJMEUVS LF PQJ5;9 J JnLV S NOUVJS LVNQÈnETJGCJnS DV nB DVA
(119) B NQLV MPQS NOEJ Ì Þ DVB N®oD NOP®JnLB N H P HKDVUFJUVJ É Ì ÜÐÝ5Ì B EIDFJH DJ S&B LdHKEToDVJ¾POS0:o HKETNQJS+F& NQS POJ MB LFTHN HDFJDVLFJGCB LVLFJÇV ACBHKÇVÈnJ ACB DVEPQS UFJMK MENOAoHNQB L UVJ nJn LVB S DQ& Ì Ò B DV:S UVB AoHB LF%UFB LV nJHTHJ :o %HENOJNQ MN nB:JGFS JUFJ HETS S NQPrÌ Æ S LF nJn& MB LFUVN HNQB LVNOP|JMTHDIHNQPQJ UVJ UF-Ã( LVNQE0U B ETJnJH0UVn>@ PQJ AVS ES%ÈH EJ UVJ5UV'l* B E¥SHKNOB L #&%0IDFNJnETS5DIHNQPQNO0UFS LVPQS DFN HKJ Ì S KDVE@* S MJUVD LVB S D<JMHS N NOPQnJ=. nJMPQPOJ&U DFL<oDVS UVEDVACB PQB+V UVJ : G ¢< © Ú ÌO ) # ? + )1) )1) + %1) %1)% B"! ) JnTH<PQJES, B LÓUFJPQS AFÇVÈnETJUVJ B PQDIJZnR S PS D B PODo%JZUFDÓIDFS UVEDVACB PQB+V UVJ JH# %$'& POS MBACB S L HJ ) UVJP ÇVS E¥B LFNOoDVJ<KAVÇVnETNQoDVJ<U B EUVETJ)( JH* $+& UFJM nBIJ': 4 nNOJnL H:U J-F& AVS LFNQB LÂÌ J k. N 7 a N 6 E. 6 E ,
(120) ~ . a . ~ MBoJ-: 4 nNQJML H % )&JMTH§S AVACJnPO JH§JnETSLVBHKyUFS LV&PQSDVN HJ#&%ÀÌ SGVS J<UFD %BoUVÈnPQJ%S DFIDFJMP&LFB DV:S,B LF%JnD ETJn MB DFETACB DVE:UVn nETNQETJ<PQJMLFB, S D%& U NQETNQUVNQDI JnTH:POS MAFS ETSHKNOB L UVJnB DQJJML HKUFD HpF ACJ MB PQPQJM HN!* UVJnB DQJJML HKNQLVUFN)FNQUVDVJnPQyUVJn0LDV nPOnB LV#UVS LV POJ MS UFETJ<UFD %BoUVÈnPQJ%THKS LVUFS ETU UVJʾB ÇVEJH É BHTHKJMPQB L :ÙÊ*B Ç ¡ Ê*B Ç <¥Ì J%ACBHKJML HKNOJnPLDV nPOnS NQETJ JMTH MS PQ MDFPO#UVJ%S LFNOÈnETJ ¥JnP)* Ü MB LFNOHS L HJ: AFS E¥HNQE0UVJ#P NOL HKJMES HKNOB LZJ ÂJM HN!JËLDF MPQMB LoÜ LDV nPOnB LUFJ Ï %V EÐ%J Ïo¤¤¤ :ÙÊ*JnN < Ì S B:J nB LVNQUVnETS GFPOJUVJn%EMKDVP HSH UVn>@ B GoHJnLÀDF ACB DVE MJHTHKJ ETnR NOB L UVJZ%S KJ * ? 1- P S NOUFJ UFJ
(121) nJPl* B E¥S PQNO%J LFJACJnDIH IDFJLFB DV JnLV nB DVETS R JnE P S UFB AIHKJME UVJLVB DQJnS DÂÌ Ñ JBIUFÈMPQJJnTHyDFLVJ &ËD%VEJ: MB PQPOJn HN!JS D POB LFR< nB DVET-Ì JM MS PQ nDVPQ &S E¥HKETJnJÜ ØÃBI Ê Ñ Ï B L H&HK0UV'JMPQB AVACn*UFDVETS L H0PQJM¾S LVLFMJn ¢ :ÙØPQB < Ì Ñ Jn nS PQ MDFPO¾B LdHJMLFDVN HJ0HS UVS AIHKM|. POS UQF LVSNOoDVJU DVLEBHB ES+F& NQS P : É J- =<FACB DVEd* B E¥JME POS&AFS E¥HNQJ*EBHB E *IDFS NQAVS E¥HKNO nDVPQJ*DoHNQPONQnJ®UVS LV MJHETS S NQPrÌ ¤ PS:S PQB ET0H S AFAVPQNOoDV6: P HDFUVJ UFJM0NQBHB ACJn&UVDZ nS UINQDIfUV'{( nNOJn L HJML LVJnDIHEB LJH UVJ&GCB LV¾ETnDVP HSHK*B L H¾HK&B GIHJnLDV¾PONQM# POSHETÈnGCB LVLVJ0oDVS PQN HK&UVJn/* B LV HNQB LV¾U B LVUVJ0UFJ&AVS E¥HKNO nDVPQJ NOLFUVN!VNQUVDFJMPQPOJ§JH®JnLUVnAVN HUVJP S GFJnLV nJ*UVJ§AVETNQJJnL nB%AoHJ¾UVJPQS FNQGVETSHKNOB L;: É J- =<¥Ì DVNQ PQB EToD NQP JMTH5UVJ'JMLD ACB KNOGFPOJ:U HJnLVUFETJ<PQS<GVS KJ%U B nNQPOPQSHJnDVE#ÇVS E¥B LFNOoDVJ DVE#POS oDVJnPOPQJ:B L HUV'JnPOB AFACM POJnHKSH &Ø NQPSH DIHNQPQNO S,Jn <DF M nÈMACB DFEUVn MENOEJ<PQJMAFETB AVENOHnTHSHKNOoDVJnUVJn:S HKNOLFNOUFJM. . . . .
(122) . 8
(123) 8
Documents relatifs
To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed
Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à
Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine
En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages
Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur
A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated
The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide
Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to
