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Calibration of a stereo-vision system by the non-linear optimization of the motion of a calibration object

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HAL Id: inria-00069906

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00069906

Submitted on 19 May 2006

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Calibration of a stereo-vision system by the non-linear optimization of the motion of a calibration object

Matthieu Personnaz, Peter Sturm

To cite this version:

Matthieu Personnaz, Peter Sturm. Calibration of a stereo-vision system by the non-linear optimization

of the motion of a calibration object. [Research Report] RT-0269, INRIA. 2002, pp.12. �inria-00069906�

(2)

ISSN 0249-0803

a p p o r t

t e c h n i q u e

THÈME 3

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Calibration of a stereo-vision system by the non-linear optimization of the motion of a

calibration object

Matthieu Personnaz — Peter Sturm

N° 0269

September 2002

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Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes

655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France)

Téléphone : +33 4 76 61 52 00 — Télécopie +33 4 76 61 52 52

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Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes

655, avenue de l’Europe - 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

Éditeur

INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-0803

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