Fire test of a steel column of 8in. H section, protected with 4-in. solid Haydite blocks

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Fire test of a steel column of 8in. H section, protected with 4-in. solid

Haydite blocks

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

-

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CANADA

DIVISION O F BUILDING RESEARCH

FIRE TEST O F A S T E E L COLUMN O F 8-IN. H SECTION,

PROTECTED WITH 4-IN. SOLLD HAYDITE B I B C K S b y

T . Z . Harmathy and J . A . C. Blanchard

F i r e Study No.

6

of the

D i v i s i o n of Building R e s e a r c h

OTTAWA February

1962

PREFACE

This publication p r e s e n t s the r e s u l t s of a t e s t c a r r i e d out by the Division of Building R e s e a r c h of the National R e s e a r c h

Council with t h e u s e of i t s f i r e r e s e a r c h facilities. The t e s t was c a r r i e d out a t the request of the industrial company concerned upon payment of the regular t e s t fee. The initial r e p o r t was sub- mitted privately to this company in accordance with regular DBR/NRC

practice.

The t e s t r e s u l t s obtained a r e now published in this f o r m with the agreement of the sponsor of the t e s t s o that the information may be available for general use. This procedure i s .unlike that normally followed in the c a s e of other t e s t s c a r r i e d out on pro- p r i e t a r y products o r constructions. It has been adopted in the c a s e of f i r e resistance t e s t s because of the considerable cost of each t e s t which makes i t desirable to eliminate, a s f a r a s possible, the necessity for repeating such t e s t s on the same o r s i m i l a r construc- tions. Special c a r e has been taken to describe a l l the pertinent f e a t u r e s of the m a t e r i a l s , the construction and the method of test, in o r d e r to make the r e s u l t s a s useful a s possible.

Ottawa

F e b r u a r y

1962

Robert F . Legget Director

FIRE TEST O F A S T E E L COLUMN O F 8-IN. H SECTION, PROTECTED WITH 4-IN. SOLID HAYDITE BLOCKS

T. Z. Harmathy and J. A. C. Blanchard

This r e p o r t describes a f i r e t e s t conducted on a protected s t e e l column. The t e s t was requested by the Cooksville-Laprairie Brick Limited, (1055 Yonge S t r e e t , Toronto 5, Ontario) and was c a r r i e d out on June 22, 1961.

DESCRIPTION O F TEST SPECIMEN

The main s i z e s of the t e s t specimen a r e shown in Figure 1. The specification of the m a t e r i a l s i s given below. Note that the i t e m numbers correspond to the p a r t numbers in Figure 1. (Items Nos.

1 , 2 and 3 were supplied by the Division of Building R e s e a r c h and did not constitute p a r t of the specimen. )

1. Insulating f i r e bricks, Group 23, (forty-six) of 24 in. by 4$ in. by

9

in. s i z e s ; used (with loose Haydite, i t e m No. 3) to prevent d i r e c t heat t r a n s f e r f r o m the furnace to the restraining plate ( i t e m No. 5).

2. Protecting device (one); used to support and contain the insulating m a t e r i a l (loose Haydite) at the top of the column specimen; consisting of the following p a r t s ( s e e Figure 2):

A1 Protecting cap (one), made f r o m No. 16 gauge Inconel sheet of 10 ft 2 in. by 10 in. o v e r - a l l s i z e s and welded a s shown in Figure 2.

A2 Holding rods (four), cut f r o m 13/16 in. 0. D. Inconel tubes of 0.035 in. wall thickness to 304 in. length, and welded a s shown in Figure 2; used for supporting the protecting device on the top of the column specimen.

A3 F i l l e r plates (four), cut f r o m No. 16 gauge Inconel sheet to 30 3/8 in. by 4 in. s i z e s ; used for filling the gap between the cap ( i t e m No. 2-A1) and the calumn specimen.

3. Loosely poured Haydite, grade

"FF"

(1); used to prevent d i r e c t heat t r a n s f e r f r o m the furnace to the restraining plates ( i t e m No. 5).

4. Steel H section (one) of 8 in. by 8 in. nominal sectional s i z e s (weight: 31. 0 lb/ft) and of 8 ft 2; in. length.

5. Steel plates (two) of

$

in. by 18; in. by 184 in. s i z e s ; welded to the s t e e l H section (item No. 4) and used to r e s t r a i n the longitudinal thermal expansion of the protection ( c ~ n - sisting of items Nos. 6 and 7).

6. Haydite blocks (forty-eight, four, those in the top row, cut to 3 5/8 in. width), said to be a s manufactured by Cooksville- L a p r a i r i e Brick Limited and Argo Block company ~ i m i t e d * . These masonry units served a s f i r e protection for the s t e e l section ( i t e m No. 4). The c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the blocks a r e given below:

(A) General information (a) Dimensions :

4 in. by 8 1/8 in. by 14 5/8 in.

*

This information has been supplied by the Warnock Hersey Company Ltd.

,

250 Madison Ave.

,

Toronto 7, Ontario, in a letter of June

6,

196 1, signed by N. P. Henley, M. Ch. E .

(b) Composition of mix*:

Material Ib/cu yard

Damp

9

Portland cement 19 5 195 Lime 70 7 0 Haydite "At1 1561 1452 Silica flour 56 56 Added water 200 Total water 309 Total 2082 20 82 (c) Manufacturing procedure'':

The Haydite ItAtt, s i l i c a flour and lime a r e weighed and mixed for 2 min. The cem'ent i s then added and the mixing continues for a further 4 rnin. ' Water i s

added periodically. After

6

min. mixing the m a t e r i a l i s discharged into the block machine. The blocks a r e precured in a kiln for 3$ h r at a maximum t e m p e r a t u r e of 140 OF, then introduced into an autoclave. In 3 h r 15 rnin the p r e s s u r e in the auto- clave i s brought to 145 lb/sq in. gauge and

correspondingly the temperature to 363. 5 ° F . These conditions a r e kept for 6 h r 10 min, after which the s t e a m supply i s shut off and a 3 in. blow down pipe opened for a period of 25 min. Then a

6

in. blow down pipe i s opened for instantaneous and complete elimination of p r e s s u r e , shortly after which the door i s opened and the exhaust s y s t e m turned on. It i s left operating until the commencement of the unloading of blocks f r o m autoclave.

>g

This information has been supplied by the Warnock Hersey Company L t d . , 250 Madison Ave., Toronto 7, Ontario, in a letter of June 6, 1961, signed by N. P. Henley, M. Ch. E.

(B) Mechanical and physical p r o p e r t i e s ( a ) Compressive strength:

1297 lb/sq in. ( a v e r a g e ) , when tested according to ASTM ~ 1 4 0 - 5 6 * .

(b) Water absorption:

18.85 lb/cu ft (average), when tested according to ASTM ~ 1 4 0

-

56*.

(c) Bulk density:

70.0 lb/cu ft (average)*.

(C) Information concerning the components

(I ) Portland cement.

No information is available. (11) Lime.

No information i s available

(I I I ) Haydite "A" (supplied by Cooksville- Lapr a i r ie B r i c k Ltd.

,

Cooksville, ~ n t a r i o '$) :

( a ) Origin:

Shale deposit'$. (b) Description:

Colour: 98 p e r cent grey, the r e m a i n d e r f r o m buff to red".

Shape: Roughly cubical*.

( c ) Conformance to s o m e specification:

The m a t e r i a l conforms to ASTM ~ 3 3 1 - 5 3 ~ * . (Drying shrinkage t e s t was not performed'$).

.I.

* This information has been supplied by the Warnock H e r s e y Company Ltd.

,

250 Madison Ave.

,

Toronto 7, Ontario, in a l e t t e r of June 6, 1961, signed by N. P. Henley, M. Ch. E.

(d) Chemical analysis* Compound P e r Cent by Wt. S i 0 2 58.40 Fe203 8.00 A1203 CaO MgO Alkali Oxides S O 3 0. 38 Water soluble m a t t e r 0. 30 L o s s on ignition 0. 89 P 100.00 (e) Sieve analysis*.

Sieve No. 4 P e r c e n t a g e P a s sing 100 No. 8 7 9 . 3 No. 16 46.4 No. 30 35.0 No. 50 1 9 . 4 No. 100 13.1

( f ) Unit weight in, oven-dry condition (ASTM C29-55T): Loose: 49: 2' lb/cu ft*

Vibrated: 60. 2 lb/cu ft*

(g)

Organic impurities (ASTM C40- 56T):

~ i l * .

(h) Unburned o r underburned lumps ( A S ~ ~ ' c l 4 2 - 5 5 ~ ) :

~ i l * .

:%

This information h a s been supplied by the Warnock H e r s e y Company Ltd., 250

ad is on

Ave., Toronto 7, Ontario, in a l e t t e r of June

6,

1962, signed by N. P. Henley, M. Ch. E.

( I V) Silica flour.

No information i s available.

7. Mortar. Thickness of m o r t a r layer: f r o m 3/8 to 5/8 in.

(A) General c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s (a) Composition of mix:

Material P e r cent by wt. P e r cent by vol. Portland cement type I . Sealbond

6.

1 11.1 Sand 62. 5 66.7 Water 12.2 100.0 100.0 (b) Density: Not known.

(B) Information concerning the components (1) Portland cement, type I .

Bulk density:

94

lb/cu ft (including normal percentage of moisture).

( I I ) Se albond.

Bulk density: 60 lb/cu ft (including n o r m a l percentage of moisture).

(111) Sand.

Bulk density: 102 lb/cu ft (in oven-dry condition). Chemical and sieve analyses: not known.

Figure 3 i s a photograph taken during the construction of the specimen and shows the arrangement of some thermocouples within the column.

Figure 4 shows the specimen after i t s installation in the t e s t furnace. It also shows how the top and bottom of the column w e r e protected f r o m d i r e c t exposure to the furnace atmosphere.

The specimen was of good workmanship. It had aged for

3 5 days a t the time of the t e s t .

CONDITIONING O F TEST SPECIMEN

Since the moisture content of the masonry units was too low during the construction, five days after i t s completion the t e s t specimen was moved into a conditioning chamber, where the t e m p e r a t u r e was maintained between 80 and 90

"

F and the relative humidity between 85 and 100 p e r cent.

During the conditioning period the m o i s t u r e content and relative humidity (in the p o r e s ) of the m a s o n r y units w e r e m e a s u r e d a t m o r e o r l e s s regular i n t e r v a l s , i n o r d e r to obtain information on the p r o g r e s s of moisture adsorption. By means of a laboratory c o r e d r i l l , a cylindrical sample of about 7/8 in. d i a m e t e r and 4 . 0 in.

length was removed f r o m the m a s o n r y work. The sample was divided into t h r e e s m a l l e r cylinders of about 1. 33 in. length, which w e r e subsequently crushed into pieces not l a r g e r than

$

i n . , and analysed s e p a r a t e l y for relative humidity and moisture content. The relative humidity was m e a s u r e d by means of an "El-Tronics" portable

hygrometer ( 2 ) .

The r e s u l t of final humidity and m o i s t u r e analysis which was c a r r i e d out t h r e e days before the f i r e t e s t , i s shown i n Table I.

TABLE I

Moisture content and humidity of masonry unit t h r e e days before the f i r e t e s t

Relative Humidity i n the P o r e s P e r Cent 5 3 59

64

Location Near outside s u r f a c e Central p a r t

Near inside surface

Moisture Content R e f e r r e d to Oven-Dry Weight P e r Cent 2 . 3 2 . 7 2 . 6

The holes left in the masonry work after the removal of the cylindrical samples w e r e filled with fast setting high-temperature m o r t a r .

TESTING PROCEDURE

The f i r e endurance t e s t was c a r r i e d out in accordance with ASTM E l 19-58. The furnace temperature was measured by nine

thermocouples. "Ceramo" thermocouple w i r e s of

$

in. '0. D.

Inconel sheath (3) w e r e used. They were included in a metal f r a m e built f r o m 13/16 in. O.D. Inconel tubes of 0.035 in. wall thickness.

The f r a m e a s well a s the thermocouple leads can be seen in Figure 4.

The layout of the furnace thermocouples i s shown diagrammatically in Figure 5.

The hot junction of the thermocouples was placed 12 in. away f r o m the surface of the specimen. Both the individual tempera- t u r e s a t nine points of the furnace and the average of the nine

temperatures w e r e recorded. The fuel input into the furnace was controlled in such a way that the average temperature closely followed the standard temperature v e r s u s time curve.

The temperature of the s tee1 section was measured by

twelve thermocouples (Nos. 1 to 12 in Figure

6)

located in

groups of three at four levels. In o r d e r to study the flow of heat through the masonry work ten thermocouples were cemented to the s u r f a c e of the blocks in a way shown i n Figure 7 . Eight of these (Nos. 13 to 20) were fastened to the unexposed side of the masonry work a t two levels. Two other thermocouples (Nos. 21 and 22) w e r e cemented to the surface exposed to the furnace atmosphere.

The location of all these thermocouples i s shown in the general

thermocouple layout drawing (Figure

6 ) .

A detailed description of the f i r e t e s t facilities of the

RESULTS

The variation of the average furnace temperature i s shown in Figure 8. The uniformity of the furnace temperature was s a t i s - factory. After 15 min run the local deviation f r o m the average temperature was l e s s than 100°F.

The temperatures obtained f r o m various points of the test specimen a r e also plotted in Figure 8.

The temperature of the s t e e l section r o s e rather uniformly. After 2 h r 40 min thermocouple No.

9

began recording moderately higher temperatures than the r e s t .

The s m a l l difference between the temperature of the s t e e l section and the temperature of the unexposed side of the masonry work manifests the unimportant p a r t that the a i r gap plays in the protection of the steel.

According to the alternate t e s t procedure prescribed for protected s t e e l columns by ASTM E119-58 the column shall be judged a s failed if the average temperature at any one of the four levels exceeds 1000°F o r the temperature at any one of the measured points exceeds 1200°F. The 1000 O F limit was f i r s t exceeded a t the

level of thermocouples Nos. 7 , 8 and

9

(level B in Figure 6 ) at

4 h r 40 min. The 1200°F limit was not reached until the termination of the t e s t which took place a t 4 h r 51 min.

Twenty-four hours after the completion of the f i r e t e s t a few fine c r a c k s became visible on the surface of the specimen. The condition of the specimen after the f i r e test i s shown in F i g u r e s

9

and 10.

According to ASTM E l 19-58 the f i r e endurance test i s regarded a s successful f ~ r a 4 h r period.

REFERENCES

1. "Haydite". Catalogue "A.1.A. No. 4-E-13", issued by the Cooksville Company Limited, 10 55 Yonge Street, Toronto, 1954.

2. "El-Tronics Portable Hygrometer, Operating and Maintenance Manual, Model 103". Pamphlet issued by El-Tronics Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.

3 . "Ceramo Thermocouple Wires and ~ h e r m o c o u i l e Extension Wires.

"

Pamphlet issued by Thermo E l e c t r i c (Canada) Ltd., Brampton, Ontario.

4. G. W. Shorter and T. 2. Harmathy. F i r e R e s e a r c h Furnaces a t the National Research Council. NRC 5732, July 1960 ( F i r e Study No. 1).

SECTION A.6.C.D WITHOUT ITEM NO. 3

FIGURE

I

FIGURE

2

Figure 3 Fire test specimen under construction. Figure 4 Specimen installed into the test furnace.

FIGURE

5

E

J J J J J

W W W W W

0

> > > > >

Lr

w w w w w L J J J J J

TH

=

THERMOCOUPLE

WIRES

S

=

SURFACE OF SPECIMEN

C

=

CEMENT

FIGURE

7

2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1800 1600 1400 LL

g

I 2 0 0

5

a W

g

I000 W I- 8 0 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 I 2 3 4 5 TIME, HR

I AVERAGE FURNACE TEMPERATURE

2 PRESCRIBED FURNACE TEMPERATURE

3 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE EXPOSED SURFACE OF THE MASONRY UNITS

4 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE UNEXPOSED SURFACE OF THE

MASONRY UNITS

5 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE STEEL SECTION

6 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF THE STEEL SECTION

7 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE STEEL SECTION

AT LEVEL B (SEE FIGURE 6 )

FIGURE

8

Figure

9

Specimen 24 hr after the fire test.

Figure 10

Specimen several weeks after the fire test.