Temperature Measurements in Fire Resistance Tests on Insulated and Non-Insulated Small-Scale Wall Assemblies Protected by Type X Gypsum Board

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Temperature Measurements in Fire Resistance Tests on Insulated and Non-Insulated Small-Scale Wall Assemblies Protected by Type X

Gypsum Board

Y

,,

National Research Conseil national ,

Council Canada de recherches Canada

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r)ol

e,

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-r-O/"J

Temperature Measurements in Fire

Resistance Tests on Insulated and

hlon-Insulated Small-Scale Wall

Assemblies Protected by Type X

Gypsum Board

by M.A. Sultan, G.D. Lougheed J.W. MacLaurin and E.M.A. Denharn

Internal Report No.677

Date of issue: December 1994

c r s T I / I C I S T NRC/CNRC I n t e r n a l r e p o r t : institute I R C S e r -- B e v C r e i g f t t o n ANALTSE R e c e i v e d o n : 01-18-95 r a t e r n a t r e p o r t : I n s t i t u t e f o r R e s e a r c h i n C o n s t r u c t i o n

_AM

This is an internal repon of the l n s t t ~ t e for Researcn n Consrr~ction. Although not ntended for genera, dlstrlb~tion, t may oe cited as a reference in other publ~cations.

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN FIRE RESISTANCE TESTS ON INSULATED AND NON-INSULATED SMALL-SCALE WALL ASSEMBLIES PROTECTED BY TYPE X GYPSUM BOARD

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research is a Joint Research Project among the following partners. The National Research Council Canada appreciates the participation of these partners in research, both in terns of their financial contributions and in terms of their technical contributions through the Project Steering Committee.

a Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation

Canadian Home Builders Association Fiberglas Canada Inc.

Roxul Inc.

w Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association of Canada

Gypsum Manufacturers of Canada Forintek Canada Corporation

Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute Institute for Research in Construction

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN FIRE RESISTANCE TESTS ON INSULATED AND NON-INSULATED SMALL-SCALE WALL ASSEMBLIES PROTECTED BY TYPE X GYPSUM BOARD

ABSTRACT

This report presents the temperature measurements of fire resistance tests conducted at the National Fire Laboratory (NFL) on insulated and non-insulated small- scale assemblies. Three gypsum board wall arrangements were evaluated; namely, I xl (one layer on the exposed and unexposed sides), asymmetrical installation 1x2 (one layer on the exposed side and two layers on the unexposed side) and 2x2 (two layers on both

the exposed and unexposed sides). Tests were conducted using 15.9 mm and 12.7 rnm

thick gypsum board on steel studs and 12.7

mm

effects of the installation of glass, mineral and cellulose fibre insulation in the wall Cavity; insulation thickness and method of application for cellulose insulation (wet spray or blown

d ~ y ) on the fire performance of small-scale tests were studied. The average temperatures

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS

IN

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Recent changes to the 1990 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and to the CANICSA-A82.27-M91 Standard "Gypsum Board-Building Materials and Products" may have an effect on the fire performance of insulated and non-insulated gypsum board wall assemblies. The requirements for weight per unit area for gypsum board products has been removed as well as the addition of changes in the NBCC for higher sound transmission ratings (STC). These changes may have an impact on the fire resistance of both wall and floor assemblies referenced in Parts 3 and 9 of the NBCC, as well as the calculation methods in Chapter 2 of the Supplement to the NBCC. As a result, a Joint Research Project between the Institute for Research in Construction (IRC),

National Research Council Canada (NRCC) and 7 industry partners was conducted. The primary objective of the project was to determine the impact that various changes to the Code and Standard may have on the fire resistance rating of insulated and non-insulated gypsum board wall assemblies. A number of full- and small-scale tests were conducted to study the effect of different parameters, such as the installation of resilient channels, insulation in the wall cavity, gypsum board types and symmetrical and asymmetrical gypsum board installation.

This report presents the results of small-scale fire resistance tests conducted at the National Fire Laboratory, NRCC as part of the Joint Research Project to determine the effect of the installation of glass, mineral, and cellulose fibre insulation in the wall cavity; of insulation thickness and of the method of application for cellulose insulation (wet spray or blown dry) on the fire performance of small-scale assemblies.

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF TEST ASSEMBLIES

The small-scale test furnace set-up used for the tests is shown in Figure 1.

2.1 Dimensions

Twenty-two assemblies were constructed 914 mm high by 914 mm wide with

various depths depending on the number of layers of gypsum board. The specific dimensions of each assembly are given in Figures 2 to 23.

2.2 Materials

2.2.1 Gvpsum Board

Type X gypsum board, conforming to the requirements of CANKSA-A82.27-

M91 [I], yas used. Type X 12.7 rnrn thick gypsum board has a masstunit area of

7.83 kgtm and Type X 15.9 mm thick gypsum board has a masslunit area of 11.1 kg/mz.

2.2.2 Framing Materials

The steel studs used were light C sections, 90 mm wide by 30 mm deep by 0.6 mm

thick, manufactured in accordance with CANICGSB-7.1 [2]. The wood framing members were nominal 2x4's (89 mm wide by 38 mm deep) conforming to CSA 0141-1970 [3].

2.2.3 Resilient Channels

The resilient channels used in tests S-28 to S-3 1 (Figures 14-1 7 incl.) consisted of sections of 0.18 mm thick galvanized steel. These channels consisted of a 34 mm web and

one flattened 18

mm flange lip (Figure 24). The flange between the web and flattened lip

was perforated with 36 mrn oblong holes. 2.2.4 Insulation

Three types of insulation were used: glass fibre-R12 (Supplied by2 Fiberglas

Canada Inc., Willowdale, Ontario with a mass per unit area of 1 .O8 kgim ), mineral fibre

Flexibatt-513 (Supplied by Roxal Inc., Milton, Ontario with a mass per unit area of

2.78 kglm ) and cellulose fibre (Supplied by Thermo-sell Insulation Ltd., Orleans, Ontario

with a mass per unit area of 4.57 kgh? and 5.25 kg/m for wood stud and steel stud assemblies respectively). All insulations used conformed to CSA-A101 [4].

2.3 Fabrication

The small-scale assemblies were constructed using similar construction practices as employed for the full-scale fire test assemblies. The small-scale tests were non-load

bearing.

2.3.1 Wood Stud Assemblies

The wood studs used were 38 mm by 89 mm (SPF No. 1 and No. 2, S-Dry, QLMA Mill Grade 149) and spaced at 400 mm O.C. To make up the required furnace width of 914 by 914 mm, an additional stud was added to each end. The top and bottom plates were then added to complete the box assembly construction.

For single layer construction, one layer of Type X gypsum board was attached to

the wood studs with Type S dlywall screws, 41 mm long, and spaced at 400 mm O.C. along the edges and in the field of the gypsum board. The screw heads were covered with joint compound. Screw locations and gypsum board joints for single layer construction

are shown in Figure 25 [5]. The board joint was finished with fibre tape and joint

compound.

In double gypsum layer construction, two layers of Type X gypsum were applied: base and face layers. The base layer was attached to the wood studs with Type S drywall

screws, 41 mm long, spaced at 600 mm O.C. along the edges and in the field of the board.

Screw locations and gypsum board joints for double layer construction are shown in Figure 25 [5]. The face layer was attached to both the base layer and the studs with screws, 5 1 mm long, spaced at 400 mm O.C. Screw heads were covered with joint compound. The joints were taped and finished with joint compound.

2.3.2 Steel Stud Assemblies

The steel studs were spaced at 600 mm O.C.. In order to complete the box assembly, two end studs were added. Top and bottom runners were also added. The end

studs had a 12.7 mm gypsum facing board screwed into the web to complete the required

furnace width.

For single layer construction, one layer of Type X gypsum board was attached to

the steel studs with Type S drywall Screws, 25 mm long, spaced at 300 rnm O.C. The

joints are shown in Figure 26 [5]. The joints were finished with fibre tape and joint compound.

In double layer construction, two layers of Type X gypsum board were applied: base and face layers. The base layer was attached to the steel studs with Type S drywall screws, 25 mm long, spaced at 300 mm O.C. along the edges and at 600 mm O.C. in the

field of the board. Screw locations and gypsum board joints are shown in Figure 27 [ 5 ] .

The face layer was attached to both the base layer and the studs with screws, 41 mm long, spaced at 300 mm O.C. Screw heads were covered with joint compound. All joints were taped and finished with joint compound.

2.3.3 Resilient Channel Installation

The resilient channels were attached to the exposed and/or unexposed sides of the

wood studs with 25 mm long self-drilling, self-tapping steel screws spaced at 300 mm

intervals. The gypsum board was attached to the channels with 32 rnm long diamond-

shaped point, Phillips head steel screws spaced at 300 mm O.C. along the channel (see Figure 24). Three rows of channels were installed horizontally, across the width of the

assembly, at 400 mm O.C. using similar construction practices as ULC Assembly

U-3 11 [6]. The channels were cut 39 rnm shorter at both ends in order to avoid heat and flame transmission to the unexposed surface of the test assembly and the gaps were filled with strips of gypsum board screwed to the webs of the outside edge studs.

2.4 Instrumentation

Type K (20 gauge) chromel-alumel thermocouples, with a thickness of 0.91 mm, were used for measuring temperatures. Inside cavities, the thermocouples were attached

to 2 wire hangers installed midway between the studs and at mid-depth of the studs at

distances of 114 and 314 of the height of the wall. By providing tension to the wire hanger, the thermocouples were positioned flush with the surface of the gypsum board.

Thermocouples located on stud/gypsum board faces and between gypsum board layers were placed into position and then the gypsum board was screwed to the stud or the outer gypsum board was attached.

A number of small holes were drilled through the bottoms of the wood studs to allow the thermocouple wiring to exit the assembly.

The thermocouple locations are shown for each assembly in Figure 2 to 23.

3.0 TEST APPARATUS

The tests were camed out by exposing the assemblies to heat in a propane-heated

fire brick lined furnace with an 810 by 810 mm opening. The assemblies were sealed at

the edges against the furnace with ceramic fibre blanket. The furnace temperature was measured by two 20 gauge shielded thermocouples, located near the vertical centreline of the furnace and 300 mm back from the exposed surface of the assembly. The average of the two thermocouple temperatures was used to control the furnace temperature.

4.0 TEST CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES 4.1 Fire Exposure

The ambient temperature at the start of each test was approximately 22'C. During the test, the assembly was exposed to heating, in such a way that the average temperature in the furnace followed, as closely as possible, the CANILTLC-SlO1 [7] standard

temperature-time curve.

4.2 Failure Criterion

The failure criteria for the small-scale tests were derived from CANNLC-SIOI- M82 [7]. The assembly was considered to have failed if a single point thermocouple temperature reading on the unexposed face (Figure 29) rose above 180°C, or the average temperature of the 5 thermocouple readings under the insulated pads on the unexposed face rose I4OqC above the ambient temperature, or there was passage of flame or gases

hot enough to ignite cotton waste. The tests were run beyond the failure criteria referred

to above to provide additional performance data.

4.3 Recording of Results

The furnace and wall assembly temperatures were recorded at 1 minute intervals.

Individual thermocouple values and average furnace temperature values as well as the average surface temperature values for the 21 assemblies are listed in Tables 1 to 42.

5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the 22 small-scale fire tests are summarized in Table 43 in which the

single point and average failure times are given for each assembly.

The average surface and inner-surface temperature distributions recorded throughout the tests are plotted in Figures 30 to 5 1. Detailed temperature distributions for all five thermocouples under the insulated pads on the unexposed surface are also plotted in Figures 30 to 50.

5.1 Fire performance of 1x1 (12.7 mm Thick Type X Gypsum Board) Insulated and Non-insulated SmaU-Scale Steel Stud Assemblies

The fire performance of the 1x1 insulated and non-insulated small-scale steel stud assemblies is shown in Figure 5 1.

Test S-09 (non-insulated) and Tests (insulated) S-22, S-14 and S-15 were camed out to investigate the effect of the installation of glass, mineral and cellulose fibre

insulation in a wall cavity on the fire performance of 1x1 assemblies. The temperature failure criterion was reached at 46 min for Test S-09 (non-insulated), at 46 min for

Test S-22 (glass fibre 90 mm thick), at 69 rnin for Test S-14 (mineral fibre 40 mm thick)

and at 69 min for Test S-15 (cellulose fibre 90 mrn thick). These results suggest that, in

small-scale 1x1, 12.7

mm thick Type X gypsum board assemblies, glass fibre insulation

has a neutral effect and both mineral and cellulose fibre insulations have a positive effect on the fire resistance performance compared to a non-insulated assembly.

5.2 Fire performance of 1x2 (12.7 mm Thick Type X Gypsum Board) Insulated and Non-insulated Small-Scale Steel Stud Assemblies

The fire performance of the 1x2 insulated and non-insulated small-scale steel stud assemblies is shown in Figure 52.

Test S-10 (non-insulated) and Tests S-23, S-26 and S-18 (insulated) were carried out to investigate the effects of the installation of glass, mineral and cellulose fibre insulation in the wall cavity. The temperature failure criterion was reached at 86 min for Test S-10 (non-insulated), at 88 min for Test S-23 (glass fibre insulation), at 114 min for Test S-26 (mineral fibre insulation) and at 134 min for Test S-18 (cellulose fibre

insulation). These results also suggest that, in small-scale 1x2, 12.7 mm thick Type X

gypsum board assemblies, glass fibre insulation has a neutral effect and both mineral and cellulose fibre insulations have a positive effect on the fire resistance performance compared to a non-insulated assembly.

5.3 F i e performance of 2x2 (12.7 mm Thick Type X Gypsum Board) Insulated and Non-insulated Small-Scale Steel Stud Assemblies

The fire performance of the 2x2 insulated and non-insulated small-scale steel stud assemblies is shown in Figure 53.

Test S-12 (non-insulated) and Tests S-25, S-27 and S-21 (insulated) were carried

out to investigate the effect of the 90 mm thick installation of glass, mineral and cellulose

fibre insulations in the wall cavity. The temperature failure criterion was reached at 129 min for Test S-12 (non-insulated), at 139 min for Test S-25 (glass fibre insulation), at 160 rnin for Test S-27 (mineral fibre insulation) and at 157 min for Test S-21 (cellulose fibre insulation). These results also suggest that, in small-scale 2x2, 12.7 mm thick Type X gypsum board assemblies, all insulations: glass, mineral and cellulose fibres have a positive effect on the fire resistance performance compared to a non-insulated assembly.

5.4 Fire performance of 1x2 (15.9 mm Thick Type X Gypsum Board) Insulated and Non-insulated Small-Scale Assemblies

The fire performance of the 1x2 insulated and non-insulated small-scale assemblies

using 15.9 mm thick Type X gypsum board is shown in Figure 54.

Test S-41 (non-insulated) and Tests S-42, S-43 and S-44 (insulated) were carried out to investigate the effects of the 90 mm thick installation of mineral, cellulose and glass fibre insulation in the wall cavity. The temperature failure criterion was reached at

136 min for Test S-41 (non-insulated), at 133 min for Test S-44 (glass fibre), at 135 min for Test S-42 (mineral fibre) and at 113 min for Test S-43 (cellulose fibre). These results

suggest that, in small-scale 1x2, 15.9

rnrn

glass and mineral fibre insulations have a neutral effect an

3'

5.5 Fire performance of 1x2 (12.7 mm Thick Type X Gypsum Board) Insulated with Cellulose Fibre (Blown Dry and Wet Spray) and Non-insulated Small- Scale Assemblies

The fire performance of 1x2 assemblies insulated with blown dry and wet spray cellulose fibre insulation on small-scale assemblies is shown in Figure 55.

Test S-I0 (non-insulated) and Tests S-18 (CFI, blown dry) and S-46 (CFI, wet spray) were carried out to investigate the effect of the application method (blown d ~ y or wet spray) for cellulose fibre insulation on the fire performance of 1x2 layer, 12.7 mm

thick Type X gypsum board, small-scale wall assemblies. The temperature failure criterion was reached at 86 min for Test S-10 (non-insulated), at 95 min for Test S-46 (cellulose fibre with wet spray application) and at 134 min for Test S- 18 (cellulose fibre with blown

dry application). These results suggest that in small-scale 1x2, 12.7 mrn thick Type X

gypsum board assemblies, both types of cellulose fibre insulation have a positive effect on the fire resistance performance compared to a non-insulated assembly. The assembly with blown dry insulation provided better fire resistance performance than the assembly with wet spray insulation. This suggests that the method of application for cellulose fibre insulation has an effect on the fire performance of small-scale assemblies.

5.6 Fire Performance of 1x2 (12.7 mm Thick Type X Gypsum Board) on Wood

and Steel Studs Insulated and Non-Insulated Small-Scale Assemblies

The fire performance of 1x2 layers on wood studs with resilient channels and steel

studs without resilient channels on insulated and non-insulated (12.7

mm thick gypsum

board) small-scale assemblies is shown in Figures 56 and 57.

Tests S-31, S-28, S-29 and S-30 (wood studs) and Tests S-10, S-23, S-26 and S-18 (steel studs) were carried out to investigate the effects of wood studs with resilient channels and steel studs without resilient channels on the fire performance of 1x2,

12.7

mm thick Type X gypsum board, small-scale wall assemblies. For wood studs with

resilient channels, the temperature failure criterion was reached at 96 min for Test S-3 1 (non-insulated), at 92 min for Test S-28 (glass fibre insulation), at 125 min for Test S-29 (mineral fibre insulation) and at 164 min for Test S-30 (cellulose fibre insulation). For steel studs without resilient channels, the temperature failure criterion was reached at 86 min for Test S-10 (non-insulated), at 98 min for Test S-23 (glass fibre insulation), at 114 min for Test S-26 (mineral fibre insulation) and at 134 min for Test S-18 (cellulose fibre insulation). These results suggest that, in insulated and non-insulated small-scale,

1x2 12.7 mm thick Type X gypsum board assemblies, the fire resistance performance of

assemblies with wood studs and resilient channels is slightly better than assemblies with steel studs.

REFERENCES

1. CANICSA-A82.27-M91, Gypsum Board-Building Materials and Products, Canadian Standard Association, Rexdale, Ontario, 199 1.

2. CANICGSB-7.1-M86, Cold Formed Steel Framing Components, CanadianGeneral -

Standards Board, Ottawa, Ontario, 1986.

3. CSA 0141-1970, Softwood Lumber. Canadian Standards Association. Rexdale. Ontario, 1970.

4. CSA-A101-M83, Thermal Insulation, Mineral Fibre for Buildings, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario, 1983.

5. CANICSA-A82.3 1 -M9 1, Gypsum Board Application, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario, 199 1.

6. List of Equipment and Materials, Vol. 3, Fire Resistance Ratings, Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada. Scarborough. Ontario. 199 1.

7 CANIIILC-S101-M89. Standard

ith hods

Construction and Materials. Undcnvritcrs' Laboratorio of Canada, Scarborough, Ontario, 1989.

Table 2. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-09, Steel Stud, 1x1 Gypsum Board Layers, No Insulation

Legend: BL

-

-

-

-

Table 6. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-12, Steel Studs, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, No Insulation

Leaend: EL - Base Layer. FL

-

-

1- T(Far1 BUFL (EXPI B w s t a . (~xp.1 BVM. ~Exp.) utd. ssld. BUC.~ IU~EXP.) B U F W (UnEXp.) BmIUnExp.1 ~ n h p .

Table 12. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-18, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Cellulosic Fibre Insulation (Cont) Laend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

T m T(F.4 BVClv.(€nPJ Umald. (ulP$ U V C n . Nm.1 BMmO. (UnErp) BUK I W P 3 u ~ E X P .

I

I

(mn) pn rrcis.1e) w t a i r . u . s ~ A V ( I L I L ~ ~ ~ ) A~IXJ~I) Avl14,1hltre) AVI~CIT.Z~,ZS~~.~:)

Table 14. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-21, Steel Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Cellulosic Fibre Insulation

Lagend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

~m

(rrin)

a mN~EXO.)

Av(14,lSl T(FW -(-PI a m . ~ e x p ) WC~V.~UPJ ~ m s s m .

pC) Av(i0,1i,20,M.1131~ Av(1L1P.Sldll m a 3 1 LV(14~6,U.W

BUOUI~. ~ u n e r p . ~ B ~ ~ F L (unw.~ u n ~ x p AvtB,11,Y,%l A v i 1 8 , 1 P ~ l l , S , W Avlla,3.4,8l

Table 14. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-21, Steel Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Cellulosic Fibre Insulation (Cont.)

Lwond: BL

-

-

-

-

-

Pm TIF.4 O f l L l ~ ~ . l BUSS(d. WP.) Bb-ViEXP.) M a E M M U E n . (UnEv.) IIVllOfd. (UnElP.1 W L (UnEX0.I UnElp

Table 18. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-23, Steel Studs, 1x2 Gypsunl Board Layers, Glass Fibre Insulation Legend: BL

-

-

-

-

Tlma ,n.< T(ea#) PC. B J a v IEXP.) ArO2 231 B M S I a . (EIP I Av[l2,l3,l8,lBl HIaSSta. A v ( 1 0 ~ 1 , ? 6 1 7 l BuCa*. (JnExpl Av[24,2SI 8 M 6 1 0 . (UnElp.1 AY~l4lS20.211 9WL (UnEIp.) A108 19.32.33.36 37) UnE"p. Av11.23.4.9

Table 20. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-25, Steel Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Glass Fibre Insulation (Cont.)

l g . LWW. FL

-

-

-

-

-

-

I O mIExPl BVBWd (Em1 B m v . ~Eml H d . 8 s t ~ BVc.r.(un€.~.~ M B m IU~CXDJ 8 L J F L W P . I U n a p AV(III,??,M,Sl.YM W l l Z t S . 1 S . l ~ A V I ~ . ~ S I AV(1Pl t.lLt7l *yz4.25) A ~ ~ 4 , 1 5 2 0 , 2 1 )

Table 21. Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-26, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cant.)

inn

lmn) 116 117

T(Far1 Temperature at Thermocouple Number

CCI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1W15 1 2492 1 1335 1 l W 7 1 1166 1 1850 1 9 0 5 1 6 7 8 1 6 7 7 1 636 1

...

...

_...

...

...

Table 21. Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-26, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cont.) T8m lmn) 116

,

Temperature at Thermocouple Number

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 ?4 35 36 37 8247 1 9 9 7 0 1 9 8 8 2 1 7 8 2 1 1 6 8 6 0 1 "' I

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Table 22. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-26, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation

Lwand: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

T r T(F.4

I

I

V-0)

.

.

.- - - ... -- - - . .-. AW1,B 4,s)

-- -

Table 22. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-26, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cont.) Lwend: EL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

T m T(For) 8Uc.V. (UlP.1 BMSId. (Ulp.1 MUOWE * U C . V . N W . 1 (IUBB~~. (UnEKp) OWL ( U M p . 1 UlftxP.

I

Table 24. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-27, Steel Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cont.)

Leaend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

r m T(F.UI OVRIE~PI B V ~ W 1-1 BIXW. tcmi tmWM. w . IMEXPJ m 8 ~ 1 u n - I BURIU~DP.) unero.

(mnt W ) Avts,zP,ao.ai,a4m ~ v l i a , i ~ , i e , ~ ~ ~~tn.sai AYIPII.ILI~ ~ ~ ( z r . 2 ~ ~~1r4,isaozii ~v~ab,m,s,s,man AVI~Z,S,*,S~

Table 24. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-27, Steel Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cont.)

Table 28. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-29, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation Legend: EL

-

-

-

-

-

T.mo T(F.r) e m . m.) m a . *.I utd md. B W . ( U n E ~ p l EuSm NnExp.) OWL (unW.1 Unw.

I

(mnl PC) AV.v(1b1@21.25) Av(tl.13) A ~ ~ ~ 1 1 , 1 4 . 1 6 ) 420,21,842Sl A~i18.17)

-. . . . ~ ~ ~- ~

r r i ~ 1 0 ~ a ? . s g s d 7 1

Table 28. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-29, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cont.)

wend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.m T~FW) O m . 1elD.l IW. (up.) wa ~ l d OuCav. (dnua) ~ ~ d m ( u n w . 1 DWL 1unW.1 unw.

I

I ~_... IPC) w 1 h i o a z . n ) _{.-. -} ~ y 1 2 . l a 1 _{-. -} A~IO,II,~~,~SI _{. . -} MZO.~I,Z~.WI Av(i(td.171 _.-

-

Table 28. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-29, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cont.) L ~ 8 n d : BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Table 30. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-30, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Cellulosic Fibre Insulation

Lwaend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

~ , m T(FW O m . 1E.p.I O WfCrp.1

I

_...

1

Table 30. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-30, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Cellulosic Fibre Insulation (Cont.) d: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

s u w . (up.) m e . r n . ~ Ylem~. IW. (unerpl 8b'mE iUnE;v.I BLIFL i u n w . ) u n w .

l

~viie,toaa,a) ~ v ( t z . i a ) ~qto,ii,t4,1s) A W ~ , Z * , Z ~ ~ S I ~ v ( t ~ t t )

~~. .. . - . .. .. . A v l 1 4 8 a 2 , 9 4 W 1 ) .. . AVI~,*,~.~,W ~ ~

Table 30. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-30, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Cellulosic Fibre Insulation (Cant.) Lmend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

~ s r n T(FW BW. (L.P.) b m d . (Exp.1 ~d 8M. BUC.V. (U~EULI suna(unep.1 B U F L N ~ P . I U n P .

I

(mnl W ) AvllhlOa2.2B) AWIZ,I~)

~~ ~ ~~ ~

I

Table 32. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-41, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, No Insulation

Lwend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

T m T(FW I)UCn. l a p 1

I

(mnj WI

IMlld. (U*) nuaad ~ V C r . ( U ~ . ~

I

~ q r ( t ~ l a . l a . 1 0 ) ~ ~ ( t o , ~ t . i a . t r j Av(2425l b(i4,th2o.m) ~q~s,?o.w,as,n.sq ~ v l t ~ z ~ a A . 5 1

Table 32. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-41, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, No Insulation (Cont.)

Leabnd: BL

-

-

-

-

I

I

Table 32. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-41, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, No Insulation (Cont.) Leaend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ww TIFW (IW. (Up4 nw~d. mp.) Ym1)8(d (IVCIY.NIYID.1 8Mmd N n E l p ) (IUn ~ W P J MEW.

I

Table 34. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-42, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation

Leaend: BL - Base Laver. FL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

TW TIFW ImnJ WI I l u C w . ~ f a ~ l ~y)2.28) svema. w p . ] uniaw

I

Table 34. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-42, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation (Cont.) Legend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

T r T(F& IIuc.V.WP) o ~ w s t a . WPJ YD amd IIlh2.V. N W . l IIYOBtd.(Untw) IIl,7L I W P J W P .

Table 36. Average Temperatures Measured in Assembly S-43, Steel Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Cellulosic Fibre Insulation (Cont.) Laend: BL

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

rm 1~F.r) WIXv. (CxPJ awaa. wp,) M!d a w l ~~. W m . 1 IIU8eta Nn€)rpl W L ( W P ) &Up.

Table 43. Small-Scale Assembly Parameters and Fire Test Results

X - Type X Gypsum Board (7.83 kg/&)

E

-

GF

-

-

-

Fire Exposed Side

--J

Unexposed Side

Fire Exposed Side

r

f

Drawing Not To Scale

h-

-1

Figure 3. Thermocouple Locations in Small-Scale Test S-10

r

I!

₁

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

1

I

I

I

I

I

I

1

I

I

I

I

!

7

1

Fire Exposed Side

Unexposed Side

k

-

-4

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

1

I

1

::

I

I

I

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.

::

1

::

=.

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

1

90 rnrn

f

ineral Fibre Insulation Unexposed Side

Drawing Not To Scale

i'

0 rnrn

Il

Figure 5. Thermocouple Locations in Small-Scale Test S-14

1

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

;:

I

I

I

I

I

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I

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I

_,I

I

'J*T::

I

I

I

I

I

I

1

I

I

-

I

!

I

I

1

Fire Exposed Side

r

90 rnrn

Steel Studs

f

Unexposed Side

Drawing Not To Scale

r1

914 mm

Ll

Figure 6. Thermocouple Locations in Small-Scale Test S-15

1 I

I

I

I

I

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I

I

r*.L:,o

I

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_I

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=-lz

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;;

I

I

I

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I

1

1

I

I

-1;

_I

I

:7

(111

Fire Exposed Side

r

9 0 rnm Steel Studs

f

Side Cellulosic Fibre Insulation

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

10

11 20 n m 2.

Steel Studs

19

Side

k-

-Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

r

A

\

Side

p-

4

-Dmwing Not To Scale

Fire

I

J

E

Side

\_

p

-

-

j

b

-.

4

-Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

90 m m Steel Studs

Side

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

r

90 mm Steel Studs

f

Unexposed

Side

k-

---uf

Drawing Not To Scale

r

914 mrn

Ll

Figure 12. Thermocouple Locations in Small-Scale Test S-26

I 1

I

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l a

::

I

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12

.

i?

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I

1

I

I

:

I

I

7

!I

Steel Studs

Unexposed Side

90

Drawing Not To Scoie

Fire Exposed Side Gypsum Facing Board Resilient Channel

Gloss Fibre lnsulatio

Unexposed Side 1

- - -

_-x---

_,

-

-

---

- - - - - ---

I

I

l

,,,

I

I

I1

I

I

II

I I I

I I

I

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II I

I I

I

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I II

II

I

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I

- - -

-I

I!

I:l.dmm

.

I

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side Gypsum Board Facing I Resilient Channel 7

1

,

Mineral Fibre lnsulatio

f

Unexposed Side

914 mrn

457 mrn

Drawing Not To Scale

Gypsum Board

Fire Exposed Side Facing

I

-

1

,

d

-

Cellulosic Fibre lnsulotion a0 s3 a7

Unexposed Side

I

I

I

1 1 -

f

II I

I II

II I

.

I I I

I I

II

I

I I

tt---HI

I II

I

I

- - -

- - -

Ir--.dmrn-)

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side Gypsum Facing Board

1

1

,

--4

I

I

I l l

f

I I I

I II

I I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I I

I I

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

P

1

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

r

f

Side Mineral Fibre insulation

Drawing Not To Scale

h--

1

-Figure 19. Thermocouple Locations in Small-Scale Test S-42

r

L;

I

I

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I

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I

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I

I

I

I

I

;:

z

I

I

I

=

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

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I

".Tg

I

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1

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7

"-:

!

I

Fire Exposed Side Gypsum Board

r

f

Side Cellulosic Fibre lnsulotion

I I

I

I

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.

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1

I

I

Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side

r

A

-

3

f

b=-

-

1

7

Drawing Not To Scole

Fire Exposed Side

r

.,

.

-

.

Side

p

-

1

-914 rnrn

b

-

4

-Drawing Not To Scale

Fire Exposed Side Gypsum Board

r

4

f

Cellulosic Fibre Insulation

k-

1

b

1

-

4

-Drawing Not To Scale

LL

Gypsum Board

32 mm Philips Head Screw

Edge View: Resilient Channel

Drawing not to scale

Fire Exposed Side

4

Base Loyer

W

W

Face Layer Unexposed Side

(a) Base Layer (a) Base Layer

Gypsum Board Joint

-=-/ 400 rnrn

-=-/

I

b

L,

-4

(i) Fire Exposed Side

(ii)

Drawing not to scale

Figure 25. Screw Locations For Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Layers, Small-Scale Assemblies S-28, S-29, S-30 and S-31

Fire Exposed Side 600 mm

~ p - 4

--PI

----4

. .

(i) Fire Exposed Side _{(ii) Unexposed Side}

Drawing not to scale

Figure 26. Screw Locations For Steel Stud, 1x1 Gypsum Layers,

Fire Exposed Side

600 rnrn

---+

Ic

IC

-

Face Layer

/d

(a) Base Layer (a) Base Layer

4

4

1'

,I1

' 1

}-

---4

7

&

-4

\---

(i) Fire Exposed Side

(ii)

Drowing not to scole

Figure 27. Screw Locations For Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Layers, Small-Scale Assemblies S-10, S-18, S-23, S-26, S-41, S-42, S-43, S-44, S-46 and S-47

Fire Exposed Side

600 mm

1

Base Layer

Face Layer

/d

(a) Base Layer (a) Base Layer

*

4

-4

1-

4

4

(i)

(ii)

Drawing not to scale

Figure 28. Screw Locations For Steel Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Layers, Small-Scale Assemblies 5-12, S-21, S-25 and S-27

rn

Thermocouple Under Std.

ULC/S101

Insulated

x

Bare Thermocouple

Drawing not to scale

Figure 29. Thermocouple Locations on Unexposed Surface Small-Scale Tests

0

0 20 40 60 80

Time (min.)

-

(a) Average Face Temperature Distribution _{Average Values}

-

-

- ULC Furnace Temp. -

. - - BUSStd. (Exp.) .--.. BUCav. (Exp.)

-

-

-

1

(b) Unexposed Temperature Distribution Uneqosed Face

Failure Criterion 2

(Rm. Temp. + 180'C)

0

0 20 40 60 80

Time (min.)

1 ' 1 1 1 " ' 1 ' 1 1 1 " 1 1 1 " 1 " 1

-

(a) Average Face Temperature Distribution _{Average Values}

-

- _{ULC Furnace Temp.}

_-

-

-

-

-

(b) Unexposed Temperature Distribution Unexpased Face -Thermocouple 1 - - - Thermocouple 2

-

-

-

-

-