TASEDDAWIT AKLI MUḤEND ULḤAĞ N TUBIRET
AGEZDU N TUTLAYT D YIDLES AMAZIΓ
Agezdu n tutlayt d yidles amazi$
Tafrant: Tasekla tamazi$t
Asentel
S$ur tnelmadin: S lmendad n :
AMZAL Saloua FOURALI Yasmina OUHAMMOU Djouher
Azemz n tsemlelt: 20/09/2015 Tasqamut n yimskayaden :
Mass Laoufi Amar………...Aselway Massa Douik Razika...Timsenqedt
2014/2015
Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamensayt
tamazi$t amedya; asemmi n tmacahut
2012/2013
Asenmer
Tanmirt i Massa Fourali i yellan yid-ne$, ama s tiktiwin-is, ama s iwellihen-is, si tazwara alama d tagara.
Tanmirt i Massa Douik d Mass Laoufi imi qeblen ad sneqden amahil-nne$.
Abuddu
Ad budde$ axeddim-agi i :
Yimawlan-iw Buâlam d Nura.
Lejdud-iw Sâid, Zahra, Favma d Aâli. I watmaten-iw.
I leâmum-iw d xwali.
I temddukal-iw yal yiwet s yisem-is lad$a Ouher, Oamila, Rima d Suâad.
Abuddu
Ad budde$ amahil-agi i :
Yimawlan-iw.
Watmaten-iw.
Xwali d xwalti.
Leâmum-iw d tnannatin-iw.
Tmeddukal-iw.
Djouher Ouhammou
A$awas
Tazwert tamatut……….. 08
Ixef amezwaru : Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t
1- Timawit... 132- Tawsit n tsekla... 14
3- Tamukrsit n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t... 16
4- Timental i d-yeslalen ugur n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t ... 18
5- Tamacahut... 19
Ixef wis sin : Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
1- Asemmi n tmacahut ... 231-1- Asemmi n tmacahut di tmurt n leqbayel ... 23
1-2- Asemmi n tmacahut di tmura n tmaz$a... 31
2- Tizrawin yettwaxedmen $ef tewsit n tesrit : tamacahut... 31
3- Amgired gar tamacahut, taêaoit, taqûivt, tamâayt d teêkayt... 41
Tagrayt tamatut……….. 45
Ti$bula………..………. 48
Timerna……….. 51
Tazwert tamatut
~ 8 ~
Tazwert tamatut
Awal tasekla timawit yettwasexdem i tikkelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 1882 s $ur umesnulfu-is Paul SEBILLAT iwakken ad yessebgen tasekla ur nettwaru ara n ugdud ur ne$ri ara. Awal-agi yeqqen $er tsekla ta$erfant, ad naf deg-s ansay, tumgist, timucuha, tizlatin, inzan d lemâun.
Tasekla timawit d allal n taywalt, treûûa $ef wawal melba allalen nniven, slid takatut n umdan, d anagi n wawal d wansay imawi, ad tt-naf da$en treûûa $ef uâiwed, teqqen $er walla$ i tt-iêerzen. Tasekla timawit d allal n uêrez d usiwev n umezruy, n usavuf d tsekla si tsuta $er tayev, di tmettiyin ur nesâi ara ne$ ur nessexdam ara tira. Yessexdam-itt umdan iwakken ad yessenfali iêulfan d tektiwin-is, $as akken ur tt-terfid ara tira maca tedder $er tizi n wass-a.
Tanfaliyin i d-qqaren d teêkayin i d-sugunen jebdent imesli, win ara sent-yeslen i tikkelt tamezwarut, ad as-qiment deg walla$. Tiwsatin n tsekla ttruêunt seg yimi $er umezzu$, seg tsuta $er tayev mebla ma nezra win i tent-id-yesnulfan. Allal n usenfali n tsekla timawit d tameslayt n yal ass d tutlayt n ugdud.
Tasekla timawit tamazi$t d tasekla yuklalen ad tili gar tsekliwin timezwura n tefriqt akken t-id-tenna Camille LACOSTE-DUJARDIN : " Tamurt n Lzzayer tezmer ad tzux s wayen tesâa deg tgemmi-is adelsan, tuklal ad tufrar gar tsekliwin n timawit deg umaval."1, xas ulama tewwi-d abrid n timawit d acu-kan êarzen-tt imezwura, iêrez-itt usiwev, yal tasuta temmal-itt i tayev, akken i d-yenna Mouloud MAMMERI2, tettruêu seg yimi $er umeééu$, d acu kan yella wayen ur d-nelêiq ara ar tizi n wass-a, imi ur mniâent ara si laâyub n timawit. Xas akken ur tt-terfid ara tira, d acu kan tuqtent deg-s tewsatin, llant tid n
1 Camille LACOSTE-DUJARDIN, Le conte kabyle, étude ethnologique, p.17, " L'Algérie peut s'enorgueillir de
posséder au sein de son patrimoine culturel, une rare richesse, digne de figurer au premier rang des littératures orales du monde entier."
~ 9 ~
tmedyazt am yisefra, azuzen, aseôqes, acewwiq, amâaéber, urar, asbu$er, atg. Llant tid n tesrit am tmucuha, timseɛraq, inzan, lemâun, atg.
Tiwsatin n tsekla tamazi$t am tewsatin n tsekliwin-nniven deg umaval, yerza-tent wugur, ugur-agi yettili deg usemmi-nsent, asbadu-nsent d ussismel-nsent. Ulac aîas n tezrawin yettwaxedmen $ef usentel-agi.
Tawsit n tesrit ama di tmurt n leqbayel neɣ di tiden n tmazɣa s umata, tedder ugur si yal tama, am wakken i d-nenna di tazwara, aya llant-d fell-as kra n tezrawin d timliliyin tigraɣlalin akken ad d-afen ul n wugur-a. Ma nuɣal ɣer tilawt n yal ass, ad neg tamawt mačči d ismawen i ixussen, maca assaɣen tesɛa d temvawiyin yeslal-d ugur-a (aya ad d-nuɣal fell-as s telqayt deg uḥric amezwaru).
Afran n usentel :
Tamacahut d yiwet n tewsit gar tewsatin n tesrit, i iêuz, am tewsatin nniven, ugur n usbadu, n usismel d usemmi; nefren deg uxeddim-nne$ asentel n usemmi n tmacahut, imi d-yella d ugur i yinagmayen d yimnuda. Arnu $er waya ur ugtent ara fell-as tezrawin, $as ulama d ugur i ilaq ad as-fken azal.
Tamukrist :
Am yal axeddim ussnan, ilaq ad yettwabnu $ef tmukrist. Tamukrist i d-nemmuger mi nessawev nejmeâ-d ismawen i ssemrasen i tmacahut di temnavin n tmaz$a, ne$ asteqsi i d-yettu$alen yal tikkelt; ay$er i d-yella ugur-a n usemmi n tmacahut ? Ay$er ulac awal ne$ asemmi agejdan ara nessexdam di temnavin n tmaz$a s umata ? D acu n tifrat ara d-nessumer i wugur n usemmi n tmacahut ?
Tazwert tamatut
~ 10 ~
Turdiwin :
Ahat sebbat i d-yeslalen ugur-agi d lketra n temvawiyin ne$ ahat imi tasekla tamazi$t tesâa aîas n tewsatin, ur sawven ara ad d-fken yiwen yisem imi ulac tizrawin i ijemâen yak ismawen n tmacahut di yal tamnavt akken ad d-iban anwa awal iseêêan i tewsit-agi.
Tarrayt n umahil :
Iwakken ad d-nefk tiririt i isteqsiyen-agi yessefk fell-a$ ad neffe$ s annar, ad d-nâaddi $ef temnavin akk n tmaz$a, acku ugtent deg-s temvawiyin, anecta yeooa amgired deg usemmi n tmacahut, ad d-naf yal tamnavt amek i as-sawalen, d acu-t unamek i as-fkan. Imi ur nessawev ara akken ad nadi deg annar, nessexdem allal n internet, akken ad nadi $ef yismawen i fkan i tmacahut di kra n temnavin n leqbayel (Bgayet, Tubiret, Tizi-Wezzu), d kra n temnavin n tmurt n tmaz$a (Icawiyen, itargiyen, irifiyen, icelêiyen), syin nessexdem les grapes akken ad d-nessebgen awal i yettwasexdamen s waîas. Nerna-d tizrawin i yettwaxedmen $ef tmacahut, d tbadutin i fkan inagmayen i yismawen i d-nejmeâ.
Iswan :
Deg umahil-nne$ neb$a ad nessiwev ad naf isem iwulmen i tewsit-agi n tesrit, da$en ad nessismel yal isem deg umkan-is.
Beîîu n umahil :
Axeddim-nne$ yebva $ef sin yeêricen; aêric amezwaru newwi-d deg-s awal $ef timawit imi tamacahut, i yellan seg tewsatin n tesrit, tekka-d seg timawit, deg-s neârev ad d-nbeggen tamlilt-is deg ugur-agi n usemmi, nerna nemmeslay-d $ef tewsit s umata, $ef tmukrist n tewsatin s umata d tmental
~ 11 ~
yeooan ad yili wugur-agi n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t, nerna-d $ef tmacahut taqbaylit s umata.
Ma d aêric wis sin neârev ad nezzi i wugur n tamacahut, akken i d-nenna di tazwara, neârev ad d-nejmeâ ismawen i as-fkan i tmacahut di kra n temdinin n leqbayel d kra n temnavin n tmaz$a, s yin, nefka-d tibadutin i fkan inagmayen i yismawen-nni, akk nessebgen amgired gar-asent, akken ad nefk tifrat i wugur-agi ne$ ad d-nefk kan tikti i tifrat.
~ 13 ~
Deg ixef-a amezwaru nemmeslay-d $ef timawit, $ef tewsit n tsekla s umata imi wwin-d fell-as Mohand Akli SALHI awal d Kamal BOUAMARA, nerna-d awal $ef tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t d tmukrist i ten-yerzan, neârev ad d-nefk kra n tmental i d-yeslalen tamukrist-a n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t. Ar tagara nemmeslay-d $ef tmacahut s umata, laûel-is, d wayen d-nnan inagmayen fell-as.
1- Timawit :
Timawit si tulmisin tigejdanin i d-yeqnen s annar n usnulfu di tmetti taqbaylit taqburt, yis i d-yettlal yal avris, yis i yettawev $er yal tama, yis i yettwaêrez deg walla$. Di tmu$li n yinagmayen, d timawit i d tawwurt yettawin $er yal timusniwin tiqburin alad$a tasekla d leûnaf-is, imi am wakken i d-yenna Jean DERIVE, iwakken ad nefhem akken iwata tasekla timawit di tefriqt ne$ anda nniven, yessefk ad nissin deg tazwara d acu i d timawit. Timawit tesâa anamek n yedles i d-yeddan di loehd n wawal, timawit d tagnit i deg i d-ttnulfu yal tasekla tamensayt. Lemâani i $ef iressa wawal-agi (timawit) yettemgarad seg tezrawt $er tayev, yettiwâir tikwal ad gzun inumak-is, yal anagmay yesâa tamu$li-is $ef anect-a yal wa yettagem-d tikta-s seg unnar n tmetti d yedles-is.
Amar AMEZIANE1 yettwali timawit d tamivrant i deg mcubbaken inumak, yewâer $ef umdan ad as-yaf anamek-is aêeqqani, tikwal tcud $er tsekla timawit, tikwal $er leâwayed d wansayen, tikwal $er wayen akk i d-ttak tmetti taqburt.
ZUMTHOR2
icud timawit s annar n tsekla ad t-naf yeqqar-d dakken timawit treûûa $ef cbaêa n yinnan d usugen alqayan ixulfen awal usrid n yal ass yezdin gar yemdanen, timawit d innawen ansayen i d-yessawven leûnaf n tsekla iqburen. Tasekla tamazi$t timawit ur txulef ara deg yinumak-is ayen yettwasnen
1
Amar AMEZIANE, Tradition et renouvellement dans la littérature kabyle, thèse de doctorat, INALCO, 2009, p.29
Ixef amezwaru Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t
~ 14 ~
deg tsekliwin tibaraniyin, d acu kan timawit $as tessekcam ivrisen $er cfawat n u$ref, tezga tubâent leâyub n tatut i yettbanen deg ugbur d tal$a, drus mavi i d-imenâen seg tatut, ad naf isem n win i tt-id-yeqqaren ulac-it, warisem.
Yessebgen-d krav n leûnaf n timawit :
Timawit taêerfit ne$ tamenzut : Timawit-agi ur tesâi ara assa$ $er tira teqqen $er talliyin timenza n umezruy
Timawit tamexluvt : D timawit i ixelven d tira, tesâa sin iwudam di tsekla; llan yevrisen yettwarun maca wven s imseflid s timawit, llan yevrisen i d-yeddan di timawit maca wven s ime$ri s tira.
Timawit tartart ne$ tatiknulujit : Deg-s ad naf asemres n wallalen imaynuten n usiwev d usexzen am tisfifin, radyu d tiliéri.
Ihi nezmer ad d-nini belli timawit d tigejdit n tansayit, tban-d akken iwata di tmetti taqbaylit tamensayt i d-yettaken udem aêeqqi n talliyin yezrin deg yal ta$ult, tessebgan-d ta$erma n ugdud, leâwayed, ansayen, idles, assa$ yellan gar yemdanen d tsekla n tsutiwin yezrin.
2-
Tawsit n tsekla :
Tawsit n tsekla mazal ur msefhamen ara fell-as, yal tallit d acu-tt tbadut i as-tefka. Imi axeddim-nne$ yerza $ef ugur n tewsatin n tsekla, yessefk fell-a$ ad d-nawi tamawt s umata $ef awal "tawsit" i d-yekkan seg tlatinit; "Generis", yettu$alen $ef laûel n t$awsa ne$ d agraw n t$awsiwin yesâan iferdisen i tent-ijemâen. Di tsekla, tawsit d assismel n yevrisen n tsekla i yettwajemâen ilmend n tmenna, n tal$a d ugbur.
Ferdinand BRUNTIERE yefka-d tabadut i tewsit yenna-d : " Tawsit d isem kan, d amenzay n usismel n yevrisen n tsekla."1
1
~ 15 ~
Ayen yeânan tamazi$t, Mohand Akli SALHI yefka-d tabadut i tewsit n tsekla yenna-d : "Tamivrant-agi "tawsit", temmal-d lewsayef yettarran ivrisen ddukklen deg yiwen n ssenf. Lewsayef-agi, qqnen $er waîas n yiswiren. Iswiren i
d-yettbanen mliê d wid n tal$a d ugbur d tmenna. Iswiren-agi akk ttekkin deg tversa s yin akin deg usennef n yivrisen d tiwsatin."1
Yarna-d Kamal BOUAMARA, di Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930) un
poète-chanteur célèbre de Kabylie, yeârev ad d-yefk tiririt i usteqsi "D acu-tt tewsit ?"
s wayen d-yenna SCHAEFFER : "Tawsit tezmer ad tili d tagnut ... ne$ d awal i usismel ur ncud ara s avris, atg"2 yarna yenna-d (SCHAEFFER), asteqsi-agi d tal$a wezzilen n usteqsi; "d acu-t wassa$ i ijemâen avris $er tewsit ?" Yarna yemmeslay-d $ef laûel n tewsit yefka-d tiririt $ef usteqsi, yenna-d : "Tawsit tamaynut tettekk-d seg yiwet ne$ aîas n tewsatin timensayin, s uqlab-nsent, s unekcum gar-asent, seg ubeddel n umviq"3. Si loiha-s, Paulette GALAND-PERNET4, ur tessexdem ara awal n tewsit tesmenyaf awal n "ûûenf", $ur-s d awal-a i iwulmen i tsekla tamazi$t, acku d netta i d-yemmalen tilawt-is, tenna-d : " Ur nezmir ara ad nessexdem yiwen yisem i tjumma wessiâen; acku temmal-d leûnaf n temnavin, kul tamnavt s ssenf-is, kul agraw s ssenf-is, xas ulama nezmer ad d-nessebgen iferdisen ara i ijemâen gar leûnaf."5
1 Mohand Akli SALHI
, Asegzawal ameééyan n tsekla, ed, L’Odyssé, p.66
2 Kamal BOUAMARA, Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930) un poéte-chanteur célèbre de kabylie, p.188, "le genre,
note-t-il, serait soit une norme, … soit un simple terme de classification auquel ne correspondrait aucune productivité textuelle propre, etc."
3Kamal BOUAMARA, Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930) un poéte-chanteur célèbre de kabylie, p.188,
"Autrement dit, un genre nouveau est toujours la transformation d'un ou plusieurs genres anciens : par inversion, par déplacement, par combinaison."
4
Paulette GALAND-PERNET, Littératures berbères des voix des lettres, PUF, Paris, 1998.
5 Paulette GALAND-PERNET, Littératures berbères des voix des lettres, pp. 59-60, "une dénomination berbère
commune à une aire étendue ne peut pas servir à désigner un "genre" berbère; elle recouvre des types régionaux qui constituent chacun une classe de textes propre à un lieu et à un groupe même si l'on peut dégager des éléments communs aux différents types."
Ixef amezwaru Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t
~ 16 ~
3- Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t
Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla maci almi d tura i d-tban, askasi fell-as yella si lweqt n Platon d Aristote, âarven ad sismilen kra n yevrisen n tsekla; Platon yexdem la politique des genres ma d Aristote yexdem la poétique des genres.
Tizrawin yettwaxedmen $ef tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t qlilit, imi drus mavi n inagmayen i ixedmen fell-asent, drus i iâerven ad d-meslayen $ef ugur-agi n tewsatin.
Amezwaru gar-asen i yeréan asalu, d Henri BASSET di tezrewt-is1, i yettwaxdmen di lweqt n unekcu arumi, yessismel tiwsatin n tsekla taqbaylit (sur le principe évolutionniste), ayen yeooan assismel i yexdem ad yemgired si tewsit $er tayev, amedya tawsit n tmacahut yessismel-itt ilmend n usentel-is, ma d tin (tamacahut) yessevsayen $ef tevsa. Yeglem tiwsatin n tsekla, yessemgared gar-asent; tamacahut, tumgist d tmedyazt. D acu kan ur d-yesedda ara inzan, yerna d ûûenf i yettuqten di tsekla tamazi$t, ayen d-yessebgen Abdellah BOUNFOUR2
, yenna-d inzan d tawsit i yewwin amkan gar tewsatin nniven n tsekla taqbaylit.
Asemmi, asbadu d ussismel n tewsatin timensayin n tsekla tamazi$t maççi d ayen isehlen, akken d-yenna Amar AMEZIANE : " D sseê assismel n yevrisen d-yekkan si timawit maççi d ayen sehlen."3 yefka-d iferdisen i icudden $er usbadu n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t, yebder-d ukué : tagnit n taywalt, amesgal d umsawal, d ungar icudden $er lêerma n tmetti taqbaylit.
Mouloud MAMMERI4, yenna-d ulac asemgired gar tewsatin n tsekla taqbaylit d acu kan llan yismawen d-yemmalen ukué n tiwsatin n tmedyazt; « aquli, izli, asefru, taqsit ». Xas ulama nezmer ad d-nefk tabadut i tewsit d acu ad
1
Henri BASSET, Essai sur la littérature des berbères, Ibis-Press (réédition), Paris, 2001
2
Abdellah Bounfour, Le conte berbère, in Encyclopédie berbère n°14.
3 Amar AMEZIANE, Tradition et renouvellement dans la littérature kabyle, p.46, "Il est vrai que la
classification des textes diffusés par voie orale n'est pas tâche aisée."
4
Mouloud MAMMERI, L'ahellil du Gourara, in Littérature orale, acte de la table ronde, juin 1979, OPU, Alger, 1982 (date de sortie).
~ 17 ~
yiwâir lêal acku $ur-s, ulac tiéri n tsekla timawit. Yerna-d $er-s BOUNFOUR1
, yenna-d yewâer usbadu n tewsatin n tsekla imi aîas n tentaliyin i yellan di tutlayt tamazi$t. £ef aya asemmi-nsent (tiwsatin) yettemxallaf seg ugraw amazi$ $er wayev.
Paulette GALAND-PERNET2, tessebgen-d krav n lesnaf n tsekla; ahellil, izli d lqiût, tenna-d $ef tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t belli ttemcabint deg usemmi, ur nezmir ara ad nessemgired tawsit $ef tayev, yal tawsit ad naf deg-s assa$ yeqqen $er tewsit tayev. Imedyten âumen: YACINE3, tejmeâ-d awal izli, di Bgayet, i sexdamen d asefru yettwacnan $ef tayri, ma nerna nelêa $er temnavt $er tama-s, MAHFOUFI4 yejmeâ-d awal aêiêa yesâan yiwen unamek yid-s. Ma d-neddem timseâraq, Y. ALLIOUI5
, yebder-d aîas n wawalen i d-yemmalen tawsit-a, anect-a yessebgan-d belli tawsit-a ur tressi ara. Awal "tamâayt" yemmal-d da$en "timseâraq, tamacahut, inzan", d ayen yeggaren amnadi deg u$bel n teéri n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t.
Kamal BOUAMARA6, yessebgen-d belli tamukrist n usbadu n tewsit ur taâni ara kan tawsit timawit, têuz ula d tawsit yettwarun.
Lhassane ANDAM7 yemeslay-d $ef usemmi n tewsatin n tesrit, yenna-d belli imazi$en maci ala yiwen isem i fkan i tewsatin-agi ; tanfust, tanqqist, tallast, tullist, umiyy tamacahut, timiyit, timindit, tadmint, tasisawt, lqqist, .. yarna yenna-d belli mazal lêal iwakken ad nexdem tillas gar tewsatin n tsekla.
1
Abdellah BOUNFOUR, Le nœud de la langue, ed. sud, Aix en provence, 1994 p.65
2
Paulette GALAND-PERNET, Littératures berbères des voix des lettres, PUF, Paris, 1998.
3 Tassadit YACINE-TITOUH, L’izli ou l’amour chanté en kabyle, Bouchène, 1989 4
Mhenna MAHFOUFI, Le répertoire musical d'un village berbère d'Algérie, Thèse (sous la direction de G. Rouget), Paris x, 1991.
5
Youcef ALLIOUI, Timsal énigmes et devinettes berbères, l'Harmattan, Paris, 1990.
6 Kamal BOUAMARA, Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930), un poète-chanteur célèbre de Kabylie, Talantikit,
Bougie, 2005.
7
Lhassane ANDAM, Genres littéraires amazighes et leurs rapports à l'oralité, 3eme colloque international, université Akli Mohand Oulhadj – Bouira, le 04 et 05 novembre 2014.
Ixef amezwaru Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t
~ 18 ~
Amar AMEZIANE1, yebder-d ukué n tewsatin tigejdanin n tsekla taqbaylit ; tamedyazt, tamacahut, inzan d temseâraq. Tamedyazt yefreq-itt $ef sin yeêricen ; tamedyazt d-qqaren d tin yettwacnan. Di tmedyazt yettwacnan yebder-d : aêiêa, azuzen, aserqes, acewwiq, asbu$er, amâezber, urar d udekker. Di tmedyazt d-qqaren yebder-d asefru, i yettwasnen s tezrawin yexdem MAMMERI.
4- Timental i d-yeslalen ugur n tewsatin n tsekla :
Tiwsatin n tsekla tamazi$t seg temnavt $er tayev, seg umnadi $er wayev yettemgarad usemmi-nsent, usismel-nsent d usbadu-nsent, ugur yeooan ad tili tmukrist-a sbegnen-t-id inagmayen di tezrawin-nsen;
Paulette GALAND-PERNET2 tenna-d imi âument tentaliyin n tutlayt tamazi$t, yal agraw amazi$ yesâa asemmi-is i t-yerzan akken da$en yesâa assismel n yevrisen-is, yerna tella tewsit ad tt-naf deg yiwen ugraw ur tt-nettaf ara $ur wayev.
Kamel BOUAMARA3 yenna-d awalen; asefru, aquli, izli, ur zmiren ara ad ilin d inumak ara yedduklen di yiwet n tewsit imi yal yiwen anta tamnavt i d-yekka, acku yal tamnavt anwa awal i tefren ad t-semres. Imi amawal n leqbayel wessiâ tezmer ad tili tikti-agi tseêêa. Ma neddem-d amedya n temseâraq di tsekla tarumit agdazal-nsent di tmazi$t ugtent; tansefrut, timcelekt, taqnuzt, tamacahut...
Amar AMEZIANE : "Mi ara naârev ad nezrew tiwsatin n tsekla tamazi$t ad d-nemmager aîas n wuguren n tesnarrayt. Imi âument tantaliyin n tutlayt tamazi$t, kul agraw amazi$ yesâa asemmi-is akken ad d-yemmal ivrisen n
1 Amar AMEZIANE, Tradition et renouvellement dans la littérature kabyle, Thèse de doctorat, INALCO, 2009. 2
Paulette GALAND-PERNET, Littératures berbères des voix des lettres, PUF, Paris, 1998.
3
Kamal BOUAMARA, Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930) un poéte-chanteur célèbre de kabylie, Talantikit, Bougie, 2005.
~ 19 ~
tsekla. Arnu $er-s, tawsit n tsekla tezmer ad tili deg yiwen ugraw, ur tettili ara deg wayev. Am Ahellil i yettilin $ur igurariyen, ur nettaf ara $er leqbayel"1
Ad nefhem deg ayen akk d-nnan inagmayen belli, tizrawin i yettwaxedmen $ef tewsatin n tsekla mlalent-d aîas n wuguren n tesnarrayt imi tutlayt tamazi$t âument deg-s tentaliyin, yal agraw amazi$ yesâa asbadu i t-yeânan iwakken ad yessebgen asnulfu aseklan. Llant tewsatin ad ten-naf deg yiwen ugraw ur tent-nettaf ara deg wayev. M.d. ahellil yellan $er iguraren, ulac-it $er leqbayel. Arnu $er waya ulac aîas n unadi $ef usentel-agi, xussent tezrawin tusnanin, yarna tiwsatin n tsekla myekcament gar-asent, isefranen n usismel ur shilen ara, arnu $er-s imnadiyen mgaraden deg tarrayt n usismel-nsen.
5-
Tamacahut :
Tamacahut d tawsit taqdimt i d-yesnulfa usugen n umdan, d igemmav n wayen ixeddem d wayen i d-yesnulfuy seg tirmit-is. Tezmer ad ttuâawed kter n wayen tezmer tkatut ad tt-tessexzen yal tanalast tettekkes ne$ trennu ayen teb$a, tezmer ad tili s tira ne$ s timawit.
5-1-
Laûel n tmacahut :
Yebda-d usteqsi $ef temsalt-agi n laûel n tmacahut si lqern wis 19, atmaten GRIMM akken ad d-skeflen tamacahut semrasen yiwet n tesnarrayt ur nelli ara di tallit-agi nne$. Asmi d-ufan tamacahut s sanskrit2 iban-d belli laûel-is
1 Amar AMEZIANE, Tradition et renouvellement dans la littérature kabyle, p.50, "Toute tentative d’étudier les
genres littéraires berbères se heurte à divers problèmes méthodologiques. A cause de la forte dialectisation de la langue berbère, chaque groupe berbérophone possède sa propre terminologie pour désigner ses productions littéraires. De plus, un genre littéraire peut exister chez un groupe et rester inconnu comme tel dans un autre. C’est le cas notamment de l’ahellil que l’on retrouve chez les Gouraris mais que ne connait pas le système générique kabyle."
Ixef amezwaru Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t
~ 20 ~
d si lhind anect-a yessebgen-it-id Theodor BENFEY deg udlis-is1, mi yessuqel adlis Pañchatantra2
si sanskrit $er tlalmanit (1859).
5-2- Tamacahut Taqbaylit :
Deg umaval s umata êekkun-d timucuha qbel ives, asmi i tella tmetti d a$erbaz n tmusni, êettben tamacahut d allal n usiwev n isalen, tesnarnay azalen n tmetti d wansayen-is, tesnernay alla$ n umdan, tetteqqen gar tilawt d usugen.
Tamacahut d tawsit seg tewsatin n tsekla i yettwasnen deg umaval, ulac idles ur tt-nesâi ara, yis i ilemmed umdan amezruy-is.
Tamacahut am yinzan d lemâun tekka-d seg timawit, tettruêu seg yimi $er umeééu$, seg tasut $er tayev, tebna $ef wawalen d izamulen i sexdamen deg yal taswiât, d tawsit yettbeddilen seg tallit $er tayev acku yettruêu seg-sent waîas.
Gar wid i d-yemeslayen $ef tmacahut taqbaylit ad d-nebder :
Henri BASSET3 yenna-d di yal taddart d tim$arin i isawalen tamacahut, s wayen tessexzen deg walla$-is, d tmusni di cbaêa n wawalen i d-temmal ayen yessewhamen deg tigawin, tim$arin sâant tirmit deg usiwel n tmucuha imi d nutenti i asent-yesnen, amek ara tessevfer inevruyen, yarna yessebgen-d (BASSET) belli tamacahut d tawsit n tlawin.
SAVIGNAC (i d-yebder DJELLAOUI4
), yenna-d : " Lêirfa ne$ taéuri n usiwel n tmucuha maçi d ayen yettunefken i menwala, maçi d ayen yezmer ad tt-yelmed yal yiwen, tettas-d d «tikci» i win i d-yettufernen s leb$i i d-yekkan berra i tillawt. Lêirfa-agi d «tikci» i d-yettwaznen i lal n tmucuha, am tikci tasefrant i d-yettwaznen i wmedyaz."
1
A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language for the Use of Early Students, 1868
2
D adlis amezwaru yesâan ammud n n tmucuha di tmurt n lhind
3
Henri BASSET, Essai sur la littérature des berbères, Carbunal, Alger, 1920, p.102
~ 21 ~
Camille LACOSTE-DUJARDIN1 deg awal-is $ef tmacahut tenna-d Mi ara nmuqel $ef beîîu n umaval n tmacahut ad naf tamacahut taqbaylit tebâed aîas ama di t$essa ama deg u$anib $ef tin n lurup. Di tezrewt-is tessawev ad d-af dakken tamacahut taqbaylit temgarad $ef tin n lurup.
M’hammed DJELLAOUI : « Timucuha nudant-d s tewseâ di tmurt umazi$ azal-nsent yettban-d deg ayen yessexzen ugbur-nsent n leknuz ur nfennu, abeâda timusniwin d tikta lak d leâwayed d wazalen n tmetti s wacu yettzuxu wegdud irennu.»2
£er tagara n yixef-agi, ad d-nini di tazwara, awal tawsit mazal ur msefhamen ara fell-as, yal yiwen d acu yesmenyaf ad yessexdem; "tawsit" ne$ "ûûenf", sakin tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla attan kan akken yebda c$el-is, mazal abrid $er tifart-is ivul, imi ur msefhamen ara ula $ef tesnarrayt ara sxedmen akken ad as-afen tifrat, arnu $er-s simmal nettnadi $ef ugur-agi simmal ttbanent-d tewsatin-nniven.
1
Camille LACOST-DUJARDIN, Le conte kabyle, étude ethnologique, Maspero, Paris, 1970, p.33
~ 23 ~
Deg ixef wis sin, neârev ad d-nejmeâ di kra n temnavin n leqbayel akk d temnavin n imazi$en, amek akk i as-sawalen $ur-sen i tmacahut, syin nefka-d tibadutin i fkan inagmayen i yismawen-a di tezrawin-nsen. Neârev ad d-nessebgen amgired yellan gar-asen.
1- Asemmi n tmacahut
Asemmi n tmacahut tamazi$t yettemgarad seg ugraw amazi$ $er wayev, $ef aya ula d inagmayen mlalen-d ugur deg tezrawin-nsen i xedmen $ef tewsit-agi, ulama deg yiwet n temvawit ad naf amgired-agi n usemmi.
1-1- Asemmi n tmacahut di tmurt n leqbayel :
Nejmeâ-d kra seg ismawen n tmacahut, di kra n temnavin n leqbayel; Bgayet, Tubiret d Tizi-wezzu, nufa semmus n yismawen ttu$alen-d di yal tikkelt ; tamacahut, taêaoit, taqûivt, tamâayt d teêkayt. Akken ad d-nejmeâ ismawen-a, nessexdem ayen i wumi qqaren "reseaux sociaux" di internet. Nessuter i widen i d-nettimlili deg wannar-a anwi ismawenen mazal sexdamen neɣ i d-refden ɣer lejdud-nsen, d unamek i yesâa yal isem.
1-2- Asemmi n tmacahut di temnavt n Bgayet :
Tamnavt n Bgayet d yiwet n temnavt si tmurt n leqbayel anda mazal sexdamen kra n wawalen yerzan asemmi n tmacahut. Nessuter i wid i d-nettemlili deg wannar n "facebook", ad a$-d-inin ismawen yerzan tawsit n tesrit tamacahut. Nessutur-asen yal tikkelt anamek n yal isem i a$-d-wwin.
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 24 ~ Bgayet
Tamacahut Tamâayt Taêaoit Taêkayt Taqsivt
At Äebbas At Smaâil At Wa$lis At Yaâla Aqbu Akfadu Amiéur Aweqas Barbaca Beni Ksila Kendira Xerrata Uzellagen Sidi-âic Suq n letnayen Tazmalt
~ 25 ~
Di temnavt n Bgayet nufa-d tamacahut tesâa 52 %,tufrar-d $ef yismawen nniven. Tamâayt s 34 %, taêaoit 8 % d teêkayt 6 %. Tuget n wid i nesteqsa tiririt-nsen d tamacahut imi ttwalin awal-agi yesgerw-d akk ismawen nniven, $as ulama nufa-d ismawen nniven maca drus i ten-yesexdamen. Akken da$en i d-nufa awal tamɛayt s wazal-is yesâa anamek n tmacahut, maca taêaoit d teqsivt ulac-itent $ur-sen, ma d taêekayt nufa-tt-id kan deg At Smaâil ula d tagi da$en tesâa anamek n tmacahut.
52%
34%
8%
6%
Bgayet
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 26 ~
1-3- Asemmi n tmacahut di temnavt n Tubiret :
Tubiret seg temnavin i deg mazal tawsit-agi n tmacahut tedder $er yem$aren i as-igan azal deg walla$ $as ulama tatut tezga seg leɛyub i tt-yeîîafaren. Nufa-d $ur-sen aîas n yismawen; tamacahut, taêaoit, teêkayt d temâayt, maca d tamacahut i d-yufraren gar-asen.
Tubiret
Tamacahut Tamâayt Taêaoit Taêkayt Taqsivt
Aênif At Laâziz Lesnam Hizer M'ceddala Raffur
~ 27 ~
Isem n tmacahut yezga di tqacuct imi d netta i semrasen s waîas, acku icud mliê $er umaval n usugen, $as ulama llan yismawen nniven am (tamɛayt, taêaoit, taêkayt, taqsivt) maca tamɛayt $er yemcedallen yella wanda tesɛa anamek n temseɛreqt, yella d a$en anda d-ttawi $ef tevsa d unecreê, nettaf-itt s tuget wezzilet, taêaoit da$en $er At Laɛziz tesɛa yiwen unamek d tmacahut. Ma yella d taqsivt ur tnufi ara sexdamen-tt i tmacahut. Yal isem iban-d acêal i
t-57%
15% 14%
14%
Tubiret
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 28 ~
yessexdamen s lmiya; tamacahut nufa-tt-id di tqacuct s 57 %, tevfer-itt-id temâayt s 15 %, syin terna-d teêkayt d têaoit s 14 %, ma d taqsivt ulac-itt.
1-4- Asemmi n tmacahut di temnavt n Tizi-Wezzu :
Tamnavt n Tizi-wezzu ula d nettat mazal ttidirent deg-s tmucuha $er tizi n wass-a, mazal-itent ttwaêerzent deg walla$.
Tizi-ouzou
Tamacahut Tamâayt Taêaoit Taêkayt Taqsivt At Dwala At Meêmud At Yanni At Wasif Bu$ni Buzeggan Iflissen Iroen Larebâa N At yiraten Micli Meqleâ Tizi-£ennif
~ 29 ~
Di temnavt n Tizi-Wezzu, tamacahut d isem i d-yettu$alen yal tikelt, $as llan tikwal kra n yismawen am têaoit, maca deg kra n yimukan kan, ma yella neddem-d taêaoit deg temnavt n Tizi-£ennif, ad tt-naf txulef tamacahut deg unamek imi tettawi-d $ef tilawt, ulac deg-s asugen, da$en ula d tiqsivin qnent $er tilawt, di temnavt-agi. Nufa-d tamacahut tufrar-d s 73 %, ma d taêaoit, taêekayt d teqsivt s 7 %, tegra-d temâayt s 6 %.
73% 6% 7% 7% 7%
Tizi-Wezzu
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 30 ~
Tamacahut tufrar-d s 63 % di temdinin n leqbayel s umata, tevfer itt-id temâayt s 21 %, terna-d fell-as teêkayt s 8 %, taêaoit s 5 %, ma d taêkayt s 3 %.
63% 21% 5% 8% 3%
Tamurt n leqbayel
~ 31 ~
Taslevt n tfelwiyin :
D isem n tamacahut i d-yettu$alen s waîas, ama di Bgayet, ama di Tubiret, ama di Tizi-Wezzu, llant da$en temâayt, teêkayt d têaoit d acu kan drus mavi, nezmer ad d-nini ahat, d isem n "tmacahut" i iwulmen ad t-nessexdam.
1-5- Asemmi n tmacahut di temnavin n tmaz$a
Ugur-agi n usemmi ur t-nufi ara kan di temnavin n leqbayel, iêuz ula timnavin nniven n tmaz$a, yal tamnavt anwa ismawen i tessexdam. Amedya icelêiyen, ad naf $ur-sen : Ummiy, tallest d tenfust.
Leqbayel Icawiyen Itargiyen Icelêiyen Irifiyen Tamacahut Tanfult Tallast Emey Ummiy Tanfust
2- Tizrawin yettwaxedmen $ef usemmi n tmacahut :
Mi nessawev nejmeâ-d amek akk i as-qqaren i tmacahut di kra n temnavin n leqbayel d imazi$en, nufa-d mraw (10) n yismawen i d-yettu$al di yal tikkelt: tamacahut, taêkayt, taêaoit, tamâayt, taqûivt, tanfult, tallest, emey, ummiy d tenfust. Inagmayen akk i ixedmen tizrawin-nsen $ef tmacahut ne$ bedren-d tmacahut, fkan-d tibadutin i yismawen i d-nejmeâ, kul yiwen amek i t-id-yessefhem. Gar-asen: Abdellah BOUNFOUR, Kamal BOUAMARA, M'hammed DJELLAOUI, Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Moussa IMARAZEN, Yasmina FOURALI. Yal wa amek i tent-id-yesbadu.
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 32 ~ 1- M'hammed DJELLAOUI
Deg udlis-is1
yebder-d krav n tewsatin n tesrit; tumgist, taqûivt d tmacahut, yenna-d belli ttemsevfarent deg aîas n tezrawin, yerna yewwi-d awal n VAN GENNEP i d-yennan : « tlata tewsatin-agi d nutenti i d lsas n yal tasekla ta$erfant $er yal agdud di dunnit.»2
- Tumgist : "Agdud amazi$ ur ixulef ara igduden nniven deg uxlaq n tumgisin, imi ula d netta d win yesâan tunti-s di tgemmi talsawit. Cfawat n we$ref mazal mmalent-d kra n tumgisin, i mazal ddrent ar tizi n wass-a, ideg ara d-nebder deg umedya, tid i d-icudden $er wemval n tfellaêt, d wayen akk i d-yessasan leréaq, i$ef tebna tudert n wemdan. Afellaê amazi$, di leqrun yezrin, d win yessawven ad yexleq aîas n tumgisin, i s wayes d-yessefhem kra n temsal i t-ice$ben deg unnar usefti n wakal, i ixeddem $ef te$zi useggas, d wayen i $ef yebna, n lefûul d wagguren. Ad naf kra n tumgisin, $as ma llant di laûel-nsent d yiwet, maca ttemgaradent deg ugbur lakk d yismawen, si temnavt $er tayev, am tumgist yettwasnen s yismawen-agi : isemmaven, amervil, leêsum, aêeggam, êert, adem ...
rnu $er tigi tumgist tislit n wenéar i inudan di yal tamnavt tamaz$ant."3 - Tiqûivin : "Di tmu$li n VAN GENNEP tiqûidin xulfent tumgisin deg
waîas n tulmisin, imi agbur n teqûivin yeqreb $er tilawt i deg yettidir
umdan. Inevruyen-nsent verrun-d daxel n wakud amazray yettwasnen, rnu $er waya imukan i d-yettwabedren d wid yellan s tidet. Ma d iwudam i $ef bnant teqûivin d wid i d-yettwabedren deg umezruy, ufraren-d s ccan i sâan di tmetti i deg i ddren (...) Ayen i d–êekkun zik-nni n teqûivin yessewhamen $ef kra n yergazen n umezruy ne$ n ddin iruê yedda di tatut, drus mavi i d-yeddan di cfawat n we$ref, ad d-neddem deg umedya
1
M'hemmad DJELLAOUI, Tiwsatin timensayin n tesrit taqbaylit, HCA, 2007.
2
Ibid, p.6
~ 33 ~
taqûivt n «Sidna Äli» bu ssif yebvan $ef sin. D taqûivt $ezzifen i d-ttawin s tesrit (...) Tiqûivin n tesrit tugett deg-sent cuddent s amezruy n tineslemt abeâda amennu$ yezgan yundi gar yenselmen d lkufar. si talliyin timenza allama d talliyin i tâac tefriqt ugafa ddaw ssif n yinselmen. Ayen yecban tiqsivin-agi n tesrit, d ayen icuban «tiqûivin n ddin» i d a$-d-yewven s isefra $ezzifen, am teqûivt n Sidna Yusef, Sidna Musa, Sidna Yeâqub d wiyevnin."1
- Tamacahut : "Timucha nudant s tewseâ di tmurt umazi$, azal-nsent yettban-d deg ayen yessexzen wegbur-nsent n leknuz ur nfennu, abeâda timusniwin d tikta lakk d leâwayed d wazalen n tmetti, i swayed yettzuxu wegdud irennu."2
Jean Marie DALLET i d-yebder Amar AMEZIANE3 :
- Tamacahut : D isem unti yekka-d seg aéar MCH. Awal amacahu nessexdam-it deg tenfalit n tazwara « Amacahu, Rebbi ad tt-yesselhu ad tt-yevbeâ am usaru » d tagi i d tazwara n tmacahut akken ad nessemgired gar umaval n tilawt d usugen.
- Taqsivt : D awal i d-yekkan seg taârabt qasida, i d-yemmalen « taseddart, asefru » $ur D. REIG. Di teqbaylit awal taqsivt yemmal-d tanfust yettwacnan, taqsivt tt$ennin-tt deg udekker, berra i tsekla tesâa anamek nniven « taêkayt ».
- Taêkayt : D isem unti yekka-d seg taârabt « êikaya », yefruri-d seg umyag « êaka ». Awal « êikaya » yemmal-d « tamacahut ».
- Tamâayt : D isem unti yefruri-d seg uéar MâY, DALLET ur as-yefki ara anamek, temmal-d « Anecdote », s unamek n temsirt, inzi.
1 Op.cit, p.p 16-17 2
Op.cit, p.19
3
Nabil Mehdioui, Etude du conte kabyle : inventaires et états des lieux, Mémoire de magistère, Université A. MIRA de Bejaïa, 2013, p.p 33-34
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 34 ~
- Taêaoit : D isem unti, $er DALLET, amyag êaoi seg uéar n taârabt HYW, yemmal-d « gzem awal, êku-d taêkayt ». £er TALBI d awal n taârabt; «mêaoiya» s unamek tamacahut.
Abdellah BOUNFOUR1
Gar tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t yettwasnen nesâa tamedyazt d tmacahut acku aîas n wamuden d tezrawin i yettwaxedmen fell-asent. Ma nu$al $er tezrawin i yettwaxedmen $ef tmacahut, ad naf ur nezmir ara ad as-nefk yiwen yisem, ulama deg yiwet tantala.
- Itergiyen sawalen-as « emey». Deg usegzawal n Père de FOUCAULD yenna-d belli awal-agi ad t-id-nessenîeq « Oumai » ne$ « imeiien », yal yiwen yesâa anamek-is;
Oumai > acekker i Rebbi ne$ i wemdan. Imeiien > d imdanen n wakud n zik.
- Icelêiyen, ad naf awal iqerben mliê $er wawal sexdamen itergiyen, ummiy (asget-is ummiyen), sexdamen da$en tallast (asget-is tallasin), radyu n Agadir di Lmaruk, tessexdam awal tanfult akken ad d-meslayen $ef tmacahut ne$ taêkayt.
Ummiy anamek-is d cwiî n lqut (md seksu), ma d tallast d imensi.
- Irifiyen sexdamen awalen ijenîaven seg taârabt am leêkayt, i d-yefka Renésio (1932). Sexdamen sin wawalen nniven; aênuc (asget-is iênac) d tenfust (asget-is tinfas), awal aênuc yeqreb s awal tinifect i yesâan anamek i$i$den, asemmi-agi sexdamen-t ula deg ansayen n tmura nniven. - £er leqbayel, yella wawal tamacahut yettwasnen s wammud i yexdem Mouloud MAMMERI. Jean-Marie DALLET, yejbed-d aéar n wawal tamacahut “MCH”i icudden $er tenfalit n tazwara n tmacahut ne$ timseâreqt.
~ 35 ~
- Yesseqsa-d ma yella lweqt n tmacahut (tanfust, tallest), tawuri-is (ummiy), a$anib (tamacahut) d wakud n umezruy (emey).
Nabil MEHDIOUI1
Tanfust : $er irifiyen tettawi-d $ef wakud n tmacahut.
Tallast : $er icelêiyen tettawi-d $ef twuri n tmacahut «ummiy». Tamacahut : $er leqbayel tettawi-d $ef «u$anib n tmacahut». Emey : $er itergiyen tettawi-d $ef akud n teqsivt.
Moussa IMARAZEN
Tamâayt : "D awal yessemlalayen awal di tmetti akked tmeddurt n weqbayli. Tamâayt d awal igan d asutel yesdukkulen awal asefru, inzi d tmacahut. D tamâayt i d-yurwen inzi, tga-asen yiwen wexxam netta d usefru d tmacahut. Tamâayt d inzi i d-yufraren seg teqsivt ne$ tamacahut tamecîuêt akken i d-yettifrir wudi seg yi$i, ne$ zit $ef waman."2
Yasmina FOURALI3
Deg tezrawt i texdem Yasmina FOURALI $ef tmacahut di temnavt n Tizi £ennif, tessufe$-d aîas n yismawen i as-yettunefken i tewsit-agi n tesrit «tamacahut» gar-asent; tamâayt, taêkayt, taêaoit, taqsivt d temsirt.
Tenna-d ur nufi ara amgired gar tewsatin-agi n tmacahut almi i nessuli ammud. Timsiwal ur d-sbegnent ara amgired gar wawalen-agi, llant qqarent-d ayagi yak, yekcem deg yiwen wawal; tamacahut.
1 Nabil Mehdioui, Etude du conte kabyle : inventaires et états des lieux, Mémoire de magistère, Université A.
MIRA de Bejaïa, 2013, p.32
2 Moussa IMARAZEN, Timâayin n leqbayel, 2007, p.26
ﻰﻟاروﻓ ﺔﻧﯾﻣﺳﯾ ¸ ىدﯾﻠﻘﺗﻟا ﻰﻠﺋﺎﺑﻘﻟا ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﺎﻛﺣﻠﻟ ة دﻧﺳﻣﻟا ﺔﯾوﺑرﺗﻟا ¸ فﯾﻧﻏ ىزﯾﺗ ﺔﻘطﻧﻣ ¸ تﺎﻗﺎﯾﺳﻟا ﺔﺳارد ¸ لﯾﻧﻟ ةرﻛذﻣ رﺗﺳﺟﺎﻣﻟا ةدﺎﮭﺷ ¸ 2009 ¸ ص 194 . 3
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 36 ~
- Tamâayt : Teççur d asugen deg tizi £ennif d ûûenf n temtil, deg-s ti$awsiwin d yemdanen ur nelli ara di tilawt, d axerref, d ayen ur yettamen umdan; wa$zen, aâessas n wexxam, teryel,..
- Taêaoit : Tettawi-d $ef isental yellan deg tudert n yal ass, xfifet $ef alla$, teqreb ar wawal uêoiya, i yellan deg taârabt i seg d-neddem taqsivt n Oeêêa, sexdamen tanfaliyin yella yiwet n tikelt Oeêêa ...
- Taêkayt : Awal-agi yuzzel ar leqbayel, llant-d aîas n tezrawin fell-as alad$a deg temnavt n Larebâa n At Yiraten, ad tt-naf yiwet-is deg Tizi-£enif, tettmeslay-d $ef lêala n tmetti, tilawt i ttidiren yemdanen; lêif yuran, tettawi-d ayen yevran, tettwellih ar uzekka, llan aîas n leûnaf; taêkayt i$ersiwen, taêekayt tasugnant, taêekayt ta$erfant ... Semrasent tanfalit; Ad awen-d êku$ taqsivt i as-yevran i flan ...
- Taqsivt : Üûenf-agi icud ar ddin d umezruy d tumgist i ireûûan $ef kra n wudmawen yettwasnen deg ddunit. Isental-is cudden $er udlis n Rebbi, taredad tesdukel gar teb$est d liman, tettawi-d tiqsivin n ddin; Sidna Yusef, Sidna âisa, Sidna Musa,
- Taêekayt $ef leêwayec : Üûenf-agi iwudam-is d i$ersiwen d nutenti i d tigejdanin, ttekkin yemdanen maca ad ten-af ttakken-asen kan iwellihen i i$ersiwen, leâqel d rruê tettcabiten $er umdan, ûenf-agi yettu$al ar zik. - Taqsivt n ttrebga $ef wassa$ yellan gar wergaz d tmeîîut :
Üûenf-agi i$ab $ef imesli, ur yeddir ara di twaculin n leqbayel acku imdanen ttetêin ad tent-id-ssawlen, ur qebblen ara ad adren awalen yesâan assa$ $er wanect-a ula gar wergaz d tmeîîut.
- Tamsirt : Üûenf-agi d awezlan, lebni-is d ushil, ulac deg-s aîas iwudam, tettak-d udem n tmetti aêêeqqani, isental-is ttawven s ulawen, tkeffu s temsirt.
~ 37 ~
Mohand Akli HADDADOU1
Yemmeslay-d $ef tenfust : a- Tanfust :
Tanfust (asget-is tyenfas) > tamacahut, taqsivt, tamacahut i$ersiwen.(Itargiyen n neyger)
Tanfust (asget-is tinfusin) > tamacahut, taêkayt (Rif) Tanfust (asget-is tinfas, tanfusin) > taêkayt (Icawiyen)
- £er leqbayel awal tanfust ulac-it, awal yettwasnen s waîas d tamacahut, anda ad naf lasel-is ur iban ara, ahat yezmer ad yili d awal ajentav i d-yekkan seg taârabt (hawa, imena). Tamacahut tettwaêsab d ta$awsa i nettmeni, anect-a ur iban ara acku da$en ad tt-id-naf tcud $er tenfalit n tazwara n tmacahut taqbaylit (macahu ne$ amacahu) i yessemras wemsiwel akken ad yebdu asiwel-is, anermas ad as-d-yar (ahu).
- Taêkayt : Awal-agi yekka-d seg taârabt, nesexdam-it akken ad nessebgen (taqsidt, taêkayt n lgirra, taêkayt i$ersiwen, taêkayt tamazrayt, taêekayt yessevsayen.
- Taqsivt : Sexdamen-tt akken ad sbegnen tamacahut, d awal ajentav i d-yekkan seg taârabt, am teêkayt, sexdamen-tt deg tewsatin n tesrit tiyav. - Tamâayt : D tawezlant, s umata tettawi-d $ef tilawt, tkefu s temsirt.
Mohand Akli SALHI
Tamacahut : "D tawsit n tsekla tamensayt; d tawsit n tsiwelt. Tamacahut d ssenf n tsekla i d-ttawin s timawit $as akken, iseggasen-a ineggura, nulfant-d kra n tmucuha s tira (...). Tal$a n tmucuha timensayin, ur tettbeddil ara. Meêsub, llan leqwaleb swayes d-ttnulfunt tmucuha. D ayen i yessawven arusi
Vladimir Propp d ufransis Greimas ad nadin $ef wamek tebna tmacahut.
Sawven, yal yiwen s tesnarrayt-ines, ad d-sumren ta$essa (Propp i tmacahut
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 38 ~
tamakunt ma d Greimas i tneqqist s umata). £er lewsayef-agi n tmacahut (timawit d tal$a ur nettbeddil ara) i iferqen tamacahut $ef tullist, rnu-as assa$ n yal tawsit $er tilawt. Di tmacahut, d amakun; ma di tullist, d ayen icuban $er tilawt (yevra ne$ yezmer ad yevru)."1
Yarna yefka-d leûnaf n tmacahut; Timucuha timakunin (n umakun) Timucuha n yi$ersiwen (n lêiwan) Timucuha n tavsa
Timucuha n usefhem
2-1- Taslevt n tezrawin:
Inagmayen fkan-d tibadutin i yismawen n tmacahut, yal wa sani i tent-icud. M'êemmed DJELLAOUI yevfer GENNEP i iressan deg uxeddim $ef krav n wawalen; tumgist, tiqsivin, tamacahut, imi $ur-s d tiwsatin-agi i d-yufraren di tewsit n tesrit, ad t-naf yemgarad di kra yismawen $ef inagmayen nniven. Jean Marie DALLET yebder-d; tamacahut, taêkayt, taqsivt, tamâayt d taêaoit. Abdellah BOUNFOUR nufa $ur-s tanfust, tallest, tamacahut, emey. Moussa IMARAZEN yewwi-d tamâayt. Yasmina FOURALI, temmeslay-d $ef temâayt, taêaoit, taêekayt d teqsivt.
DALLET d HADDADOU wwin-d yiwet n tikti $ef teqûivt, $ur-sen tekka-d seg taârabt, sexdamen-tt akken ad d-sbegnen tamacahut. Ma yella d DJELLAOUI d FOURALI sbegnen-d belli ûûenf-agi yeqreb $er tilawt yettawid $ef teqsivin n ddin (Sidna Äissa, Sidna Ali, ...).
Tamâayt temmeslay-d fell-as FOURALI, $ur-s ûûenf-agi icud $er usugen, yeffe$ i tilawt, ma yella d DALLET d IMARAZEN, sbegnen-tt-id tesâa anamek
~ 39 ~
n temsirt d yinzi. Ibder-itt-id DALLET $ur-s tesâa anamek n tmacahut, ma $er FOURALI tufa-d tikti mgal-is tettawi-d tilawt n tudert n yal ass.
Tamacahut anamek-is yekka-d seg tenfalit n tazwara, imi d aheggi i umaval n usugen, aya msefhamen fell-as yinagmayen, $as ulama yella anda ad naf awal agi tamacahut yejmeâ akk awalen; taêaoit, tamâayt, taqsivt d teêkayt. Inagmayen deg tezrawin-nsen ur d-zzin ara i yismawen merra, imi yal wa d acu n yisemawen i yeâna, imi yettili-d ubeddel deg unamek, si temnavt $er tayev, wigi d ismawen yeânan leqbayel. Ma yella d imazi$en s umata nufa-d: tamacahut, tanfust, tallest d emey, aya sbegnen-t-id HADADOU d BOUNFOUR, tamacahut $er leqbayel, tallest $er icelêiyen, emey $er itergiyen, tanfust $er icawiyen, irifiyen, itergiyen. Yal agraw amazi$ fkan-as isem i t-iwulmen.
Timlilit tagra$lant tis tlata di tseddawit Akli Muêend Ulhao di
Tubiret:
Lhassane ANDAM1 yemeslay-d $ef usemmi n tewsatin n tesrit, yenna-d belli imazi$en maci ala yiwen isem i fkan i tewsatin-agi ; tanfust, tanqqist, tallast, tullist, umiyy, tamacahut, timiyit, timindit, tadmint, tasisawt, lqqist, .. yarna yenna-d belli mazal lêal iwakken ad nexdem tillas gar tewsatin n tsekla.
Moussa IMARAZEN : « Xas negrent tmucuha, ur tent-id-ttawin ara deg yexxamen n tmurt n leqbayel, mazal timâayin ttidirent di tmetti taqbaylit ula xas maççi am zik. Acu$er yella umgarad-agi ? Tamâayt am tmacahut, maca temgarad fell-as ama di tal$a, ama deg umawal, ama deg te$zi. »2
1
Lhassane ANDAM, Genres littéraires amazighes et leurs rapports à l'oralité, 3eme colloque international, Université Akli Mohand Oulhadj – Bouira. 04 et 05 novembre 2014.
2 Moussa IMARAZEN, Tulmisin n temâayin, 3eme colloque international, Université Akli Mohand Oulhadj –
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 40 ~
Mustapha EL ADAK1 yemeslay-d $ef tsuqilt s trumit n sin yismawen taêaoit d taqessist i sexdamen irifiyen, yenna-d tasuqilt-a ur tseêêa ara imi ur sedda ara akk tulmisin-nsent. Awalen-a zemren ad ten-sxedmen akken ad d-meslayen $ef tmacahut, $ef teqûidt, $ef tumgist, $ef temâayt, .. atg Taqessist yezmer ad d-tu$al $ef teêkayt ne$ $ef tmedyazt. Nezmer ad naf ugur-agi da$en $er leqbayel d itargiyen. Mouloud MAMMERI yessismel tamedyazt deg ugraw n teqsidin « tiqsidin n ddin » i d-yekkan di tutlayt taârabt (qasida = tamedyazt), awal taqsivt (asget-is tiqsivin) akken yella di tmazi$t akk di taârabt macci yiwen unamek. Yettban-d wanect-a deg usegzawal n DALLET ; taqsivt $er leqbayel tezmer ad temmel taêkayt akken da$en ad d-temmel tamedyazt n tesrevt.
Di temlilit tagra$lant mmeslayen-d $ef ugur agi n usemmi yal wa d acu n tikti id yefka , Lêasan ADAM $ur-s tamacahut tes3a aṭas n yismawen (tanfust, tanqist, tallest, tullist, ummiy, timiyit, timindit, tadmint, tasisawt, lqist ) , Imarazen $ur-s tam3ayt am temacahut maca mgaradent di kra n tulmisin am tal$a, te$zi d umawal.Mustafa EL ADAM yettwali taêaoit d teqsivt ttu$alent $ef tmacahut, tam3ayt, taqsivt, tumgist ) ,da$en yennad belli taqsivt tezmer ad tu$al $ef teêkayt ne$ $ef tmedyazt .
Ma yella nezrew ismawen i d-nejmeɛ, ad naf tamacahut, taqûivt, tanfust, taêkayt, tamɛayt, taêaoit, tumgist, tallest, emey, timseɛreqt, ummiy, tanqist, tallest, tullist, timiyit, timindit, tadmint, tasisawt, lqist) sexdamen-tent akken ad sbegnen tawsit n tsiwelt "tamacahut". Maca ma nmuqel $er unamek n yal isem akken i t-id-wwin inagmayen, ad naf yal isem d acu i d-yemmal; taqûivt s umata tettas-d d ifyar llan inagmayen i d-yennan wwin-t-id si ta3rabt qasida, wiyad qqaren-d si lqissa, tettawi-d $ef ddin d teqûivin n nbi am sidna Mussa, Ɛissa, ... Tamɛayt, awal-agi sexdament da$en i temseɛraq, tettas-d d tawezlant s unamek
1
Mustapha EL ADAK, La diversification des dénominations génériques des genres littéraires amazighes, 3eme colloque international, Université Akli Mohand Oulhadj – Bouira, 04 et 05 novembre 2014.
~ 41 ~
n yinzi. Taêaoit d awal n taɛrabt "êaoa" yesɛa anamek n teêkayt, tesɛa da$en anamek n tmacahut d teqûivt.
Tamacahut ger yismawen i nezmer ad nefrez $ef tiyav s tulmisin-is : Ad tt-naf d tawsit i d-ttawwin-t tlawint, ala nettat i yesâan tanfaliyin n tazwara d tid n taggara, tesâa da$en iferdisen usevru i tt-id-yesebganen.
Ma neserwes gar tikta i d-newwi seg unnar d tid n yinagmayen ad d-iban umgired acku xas yella usexdem n wawalen bexlaf tamacahut ad naf agbur-nsen yeqqar-d ayen nniven, amedya ad naf llan wigad id yeqqaren ad êku$ taqsivt maca mi yebda ad tt-id iêeku ad ffe$ d agbur n tmacahut imi teççur d asugen, ulac deg-s tilawt.$ef aya ilaq yal isem ad yeqqen $er wegbur-is.
3-
Amgired gar tmacahut, taêaoit, taqûivt, tamâayt d teêkayt
:Tal$a A$anib Isental Asevru Akud Adeg Iwudam
Tamacahut £azzifet Tanfalit n tazwara "Amacahu Rebbi ad tt-yesselhu ad ti$zif amzun d asaru" Tanfalit n taggara "Tamacahut-iw lwad lwad mli$-tt-id i warraw n leowad" Tigujjelt, leêqara, lêif, tab$est, ... atg tuget n isental-is cudden $er usugen Tawin-tt-id deg iv di rrif n lkanun Akud ur iban ara "zik-nni" Tiégi -taddart Iwudam n tmacahut ur llin ara di tilawt am tteryel, wa$zen Taêaoit Wezzilet, tikwal Tanfalit n tazwara Isental-is cudden Deg iv Ur iban Axxam Taddart Llan di tilawt
Ixef wis sin Ugur n usemmi n tmacahut
~ 42 ~
tetti$zif "yella yiwet n tikkelt" $er tudert n yal ass sevsayen ara "zik-nni" Tamâayt Wezzilet, tkeffu s yinzi, tettas-d tikwal s tal$a n usefru Di tegnit n tazwara n tuget n temâayin tbeddu s : -Yenna-as – Tenna-as – Akken i as-yenna win .. Tirugza, nnif, lêerma, tiêerci cudden $er tudert n tmetti Qaren-tt-id deg iv ne$ deg ass Akud-is ur iban ara Lexla, taddart, tajmaât, abrid, asif Tikwal d i$ersiwen, tikwal d imdanen Taqûivt Tettas-d s tal$a n usefru $ezzifen Ddin, nbiya, saliêin, lawliya Tajmaât, loameâ, lemqam, ttawin-tt-id yergazen di tme$riwin n ddin Imdanen yellan di tilawt; Sidna Äissa, Yussef, Mussa Taêkayt D tawezlant tikwal tetti$zif Deg tazwara ad awen-d-êku$ leêkayt i yevran i flan D ayen yevran s tidet Deg iv ne$ deg ass Ur iban ara Axxam, lexla, taddart Imdanen
Tafelwit-agi i nexdem tessegrew-d ismawen; tamacahut, taêkayt, taqsivt, taêaoit d temâayt, akken ad nessawev ad naf tulmisin i deg ttemgaradent ama di tal$a, a$anib, isental, akud, adeg, asevru d yiwudam. Tulmisin-agi mi ara ad tent-nezrew ad naf yal isem yesâa ayen ara t-yessemgirden $ef wayev.
Tamacahut tesâa aṭas n tulmisin i tt-yessemgaraden $ef tiyav, ma neddem-d taqsivt tezmer aneddem-d neddem-d-ass am usefru, neddem-da$en tezmer aneddem-d tt-ineddem-d-êkun neddem-deg ass,
isental-~ 43 isental-~
is cudden $er tilawt, ama d irgazen ama d tilawin maca tamacahut tettas-d d avris $ezzifen, ur nezmir ara ad tt-id-neêku deg ass isental-is tugem-iten-id seg usugen, ad tt-naf tettwaâqal s tenfalit n tazwara ur nettaf ara deg tiyav.
Deg ixef-a wis sin, nessawev nejmeâ-d seg n temnavin n leqbayel d tmaz$a amek i as-qqaren i tmacahut, nufa ismawen d-yettu$alen di yal tikkelt, newwi-d tibadutin i asen-fkan inagmayen, nessebgen-d amgired yellan gar-asen, newwi-d tamacahut, tamâayt, taêkayt d imedyaten, neêka-tent-id, nessemgired gar asent.
~ 45 ~
Tagrayt tamatut
Azraw n tewsatin n tsekla timawit yusa-d d ugur i yemnuda, imi ur sawven ara ad as-d-afen tifrat seg yal tama, ama d asbadu, ama d asemmi ne$ d asismel. £as ulama llant tezrawin $ef usentel-a, ad tent-naf ur d-llint ara s telqayt. Imnuda akken ur $ellin ara deg ugur n tesnarrayt sexdamen allalen n teslevt i tilawt n wannar, acku seg akud $er wayev yettili ubeddel.
Ayen yeânan tamukrist nessawev $er kra n tririyin, imi sseba i d-yeslalen ugur-agi n tewsatin n tsekla yettu$al $er lketra n tantaliyin n tutlayt tamazi$t, yal tamnavt, yal agraw, amek yessismil, amek yesbaduy, amek yesemmay i tewsatin n tsekla. Inagmayen ssawven jemâen-d kra seg tewsatin n tsekla maca ur as-ufin ara tifrat i wugur-agi.
Gar tewsatin timensayin i yeâna wugur-agi, ad naf tamacahut, i yettbeddilen deg usemmi seg ugraw $er wayev ; "tamacahut" di kra n temnavin, "taêkayt" di tayev, ad naf da$en "tamâayt, taêaoit, tamêaoit", yal wa d acu-t wawal i yesmenyaf akken ad yales tamacahut, ur yettnadi ara $ef yisem-is awi-d kan ad yekkes lxiq, ad yesedhu iman-is, ay-agi yeqqim-d d ugur i yemnuda ad nadin deg-s i tifrat.
Deg uxeddim-agi nessawev $er kra n t$awsiwin; tamezwarut, nejmeâ ismawen fkan di kra n temnavin n tmaz$a, nessawev $er mraw (10) n yismawen, nefka-d tibadutin n yismawen ilmend n yemnuda, ay-agi iâawna$ akken ad nessemgired gar yismawen-a di kra n tulmisin; tal$a, agbur, isental, asevru … atg.
Nufa belli d awal "tamacahut" i iseêêan deg usexdem, imi tesâa tulmisin i s wayes tettwaâqal, acku mi ara d nini tamacahut ad nefhem seg-s aṭas , tezga teṭṭafar-itt-id tenfalit n tazwara ara as d-yeldin tiwwura i umaval n usugen.
Tagrayt tamatut
~ 46 ~
Tikti i $er nessawev teêwao asegzi deg unnar imi axeddim yecban wa yeêwao akud meqren, rnu $er waya tetabaâ-it teslevt talqayant. Tifrat ara yessiwven $er ferru n wugur-agi n tewsatin n tsekla, d axeddim deg annar, d anadi di yal tamnavt n tmaz$a, syin ad ttwajemâent akk tezrawin, akken ad âerven yinagmayen ad msefhamen $ef usbadu-nsent, asemmi-nsent, d usismel-nsent.
Ti$bula
~ 48 ~
Ti$bula
Idlisen n teéri :
o Abdellah BOUNFOUR, Introduction à la littérature berbère 2. Le récit
hagiologique, Peeters, Paris – Louvain, 2005.
o Abdellah BOUNFOUR, Le nœud de la langue, ed. sud, Aix en provence, 1994.
o Camille LACOSTE-DUJARDIN, Le conte kabyle, étude ethnologique, Maspero, Paris, 1970.
o Daniela MEROLLA, De l'art de la narration Tamazight (Berbère), Peeters, Paris-Louvain, 2006.
o Kamal BOUAMARA, Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930) un
poéte-chanteur célèbre de kabylie, Talantikit, Bougie, 2005.
o M'hemmad DJELLAOUI, Tiwsatin timensayin n tesrit taqbaylit, HCA, 2007.
o Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Introduction à la littérature berbère, HCA, 2009.
o Paul ZUMTHOR, Introduction à la poésie orale, Seuil, 1983.
o Paulette GALAND-PERNET, Littératures berbères des voix des lettres, PUF, Paris, 1998.
o Tassadit YACINE-TITOUH, L'izli ou l’amour chanté en kabyle, Bouchène, 1989.
Isegzawalen :
o Abdellah Bounfour, Le conte berbère, in Encyclopédie berbère n°14. o Hamid Boutlioua, Amawal amesnawal Tafransist Tamazi$t, Tafiwin. o Mohand Akli Salhi, Asegzawal ameééyan n tsekla, l'Odysse, 2012.
Tizrawin :
o Amar AMEZIANE, Tradition et renouvellement dans la littérature
kabyle, Thèse de doctorat, INALCO, 2009.
o Nabil MEHDIOUI, Etude du conte kabyle : inventaires et états des lieux, Mémoire de magistère, Université A. MIRA de Bejaïa, 2013.
~ 49 ~
o Henri BASSET, Essai sur la littérature des berbères, Ibis-Press (réédition), Paris, 2001.
o Mhenna MAHFOUFI, Le répertoire musical d'un village berbère
d'Algérie, Thèse (sous la direction de G. Rouget), Paris x, 1991.
o Youcef ALLIOUI, Timsal, énigmes berbères de Kabylie, L'Harmattan, Paris, 1990.
Imagraden, internet, timliliyin tigra$lanin :
o Timlilit tagra$lant tis tlata, « Tamukrist n tewsatin n tsekla tamazi$t : Asbadu, asemmi d ussismel », Taseddawit Akli Muêand Ulêao – Tubiret, 04, 05/11/2014.
o Lhassane ANDAM, Genres littéraires amazighes et leurs rapports à
l'oralité, 3eme colloque international, université Akli Mohand Oulhadj –
Bouira, le 04 et 05 novembre 2014.
o Mustapha EL ADAK, La diversification des dénominations génériques
des genres littéraires amazighes, 3eme colloque international, Université
Akli Mohand Oulhadj – Bouira, 04 et 05 novembre 2014.
o Moussa IMARAZEN, Tulmisin n temâayin, 3eme colloque international, Université Akli Mohand Oulhadj – Bouira, 04 et 05 novembre 2014. o Mouloud MAMMERI, L'ahellil du Gourara, in Littérature orale, acte de
la table ronde, juin 1979, OPU, Alger, 1982 (date de sortie). o http://www.imedyazen.com
o http://tutlayt.ucoz.com o www.fabula.org
~ 51 ~
Tamacahut
"TIZIRI
1"
AMACAHU, Rebbi ad tt-yesselhu, ad tig$zif amzun d asaru !
Zikk-nni, yella yiwen n ugellid yettidir di te$remt akked tawacult is. Yesâa tamettut-is, d sin warac ! Rran ad sâun taqcict dayen kan, maca tasselîant tehlek. Yiwet n tikelt tâedd-d yiwet n tem$art s yina, tessutur d$a llin-as tawwurt. Tekcem, teçça, teswa, d$a ulsen-as tamsalt. Imiren tenîeq i ugellid : "A Sidi ûeltan zri$ dacu i-as-ilaqen. ", Yerra-as ûeltan : " Anna$ a yemma tam$art ma ad iyi-tâawnev, gre$-am Rebbi, kem ad d-awiv ta$awsa ara yesseêlun tameîîut-iw " Tam$art teqbel ! Terra-as : " Yirbeê a Sidi ûelîan", azekka ad d-u$ale$ ad as-t-id-awi$ dwa n êellu ! Azekka-nni, tanezzayt teîîef tem$art abrid-is almi tewwev $er yiwen udrar qqaren-as adrar amellal. Teteddu, teteddu, armi itbed ! d$a iban-as-d di tlemmast n wudrar tajeooigt tacebêant tettiriq am udefel. Teîîef abrid-is i tu$alin, tebded $er te$remt tefka-yas dwa-nni teswat tmeîîut n ugellid. Tlul-d teqcict, tucbiêt ;tamellalt d ayen kan i d Tiziri; aqadum-is d acebêan; allen-is d timeqranin, dgha semman-as Tiziri. Zi$en tam$art d taryel, teb$a ad tawi yell-is u ugellid, axaîer tajeooigt-nni n dheb ammellal. Azekka-nni tu$al-d tewwi yell-is n ugellid. Di tsebêit, êewûen $ef teqcict ur tt-ufin. Agellid yeffe$-it leâqel yaâweq d acu ara yexxdem. Äeddan wussan, d lsnin, taqcict trebba-tt teryel am yell-is. Mi tewwev d tameîîut, tufrar-d si chbaêa gar tezyiwin-is. Yiwet tikkelt, tenteq tuzyint $er teryel : " A yemma âzizen melmi ara d-yas wass n zwao-iw ? " tam$art tesussem ! Äeddan wussan, yu$al iâedda-d yiwen ileméi ara yu$alen d igellid, akken tt-iwala taâoeb-as ataû, yenna-as deg ul-is, aqel-iyi-n a tucbiêt, ad n-ase$, yarna ad kem-awi$ $er te$remt, akken t-wala teqcict,
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yewwi ul-is, twala-ten teryel, tfaq-asen belli mâajaben. Truê teryel $er yiri n lkanun, terra iman-is tesseêmuy, tessawel-as i yileméi iwakken ad t-ne$. D acu kan ileméi d uêric, iruê-as-d di deffir, idegger-itt $er lkanun te$li $er daxel. Ilmeéyen gan tame$ra n sebâa wussan, d sebâa wuvan. Ddren di lehna d lferê, sâan-d igerdan.
Tamacahut-iw tefra am uâeqqa di tfarka
Tamâayt
"Ini-d awal bu meyya, ne$ susem"2
Deg yiwen wass deg ussan n Rebbi, iruê yiwen umdan tcebbel twacult-is $er um$ar azemni; wagi d am$ar yessefsayen uguren, iferru timsal iweâren.
Mi yewwev $er um$ar, yufa-t yuven, ur yezmir ara ad yeddu yid-s. Am$ar imeyyez yerna iwelleh udem-is $er mmi-s iwakken ad yeîîef amviq-is. Yenna-as mmi-s : " I tura ma ddi$ d acu ara d-ini$ ? "
Yerra-as uma$ar : " Ini-d awal bu meyya ne$ susem ", awal-agi ééay $ef mmi-s, ur t-yefhim ara, $as akken yedda d urgaz-nni s axxam-is, akken wwven, yufa tawacult tcewwel, wa ijebbed, wa ikerref, .... –as cced n uyeddid, ur yufi ayen ara d-yini. D$a yeîîef imi-s, yu$al-d s axxam. Mi yewwev , yesteqsa-t bab-s : "Amek tevra ?", yenna-as : " Ufi$-ten ula d yiwen ur yerkid yal wa ansa iiebbed, îîfe$ imi-w susme$.", Yenna-as bab-s : " Ma d awal yeswa meyya, tasusmi teswa mitin."
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"Lehduṛ n yefker
3"
Yufa yiwen uẓawali deg webrid-is ifker macci am wiyyaḍ : yettmeslay. Yewhem, yettɛejjeb. Yuɣal yenna-as deg wul-is : Ad kkreɣ ad tt-ḥkuɣ i sselṭan... ad iyi-yeɣnu. Netta d idrimen ay yeḍmeɛ. Yuzzel s agellid, yekkat armi as-ɛemmden yiɛessasen ad yekcem. Yenna-as : - Anɛam a sidi sselṭan, ass-a ad k-swehmeɣ !. Yenna-as ugellid : - Amek ? Yenna-as : - ufiɣ yiwen yefker iheddeṛ am kecc ed nekk. Agellid ur t-yumin ara, iɣil d ttiha, imi ɣur-s d awezɣi waya. Ihi, ur yebɣi ara ad t-ineɣ imir-n : ahat d tidet ay d-yeqqar wergaz amcum. Yuɣal yenna-as : - limmer ad d-yeḍḥu tettkellixeḍ fell-i, ha-t-an ad ak-kkseɣ aqerru. Argaz-nni yettgalla, yeṭṭef kan deg wawal-is : - anɛam a sselṭan, nniɣ-ak akka ay yella lḥal. Yenna-as ugellid : - Ihi, ɛahdeɣ ṛebbi ar d iyi-d-tawiḍ ifker-agi iheddṛen neɣ ar k-nɣeɣ. Yeddem wergaz yuɣal s amkan ay deg n-yejja ifker, yawi-t-id yid-s. Uɣalen-d ɣer sselṭan. Imekken-as-t wergaz, yini-as : - anɛam a sselṭan, ha-t-an ɣer-k yefker iheddṛen. Yenna-as ugellid : - aha kan, ini-as ad d-yehdeṛ, ad as-sleɣ ! Yeɛreḍ wergaz amcum ad d-yessenṭeq ifker : ulac ! Ifker yeggugem, awal ur t-id-yuli. Dɣa yerfa sselṭan, yenɣa argaz-nni. Sserḥen-as i yefker, yuɣal s amkan-is. Deg webrid-is, iteddu iheddeṛ weḥd-s, yeqqar-as : ccah ! d ṛṛay-is : d iles-is ay t-yenɣan ! d acu ay t-yewwin ad as-yini i ṣṣelṭan : ifker iheddeṛ... Yeqqim-d d awal, qqaren-t wat zik : lada n bunadem a yiles-is !
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Tamâayt s wudem usefru
"Xdem lxir ad ak-yu$al d ixmir"4
Lukan yettu$al lxir Ad iqqel i tixsi d mmi-s Ay tells deg yilisen Ay tessers deg lâebd-is Llan-t ççan-t d imensi Ccah i éiv weksum-is
Taêkayt
"Aâeqqa ibiw "
5Yella yiwen, zik-nni, temmut-as tmeîîut-is, teooa-as-d aqcic. yu$al iâawed zwao, yewwi-d tayev, d acu kan tanbabat-a ur têemmel ara aqcic-nni. Yewwev-d wass aYewwev-d karzen tamurt, aYewwev-d ééun ibawen, netta tella terfeYewwev-d, Yewwev-d$a tenna i wergaz-is, mmi-k-agi ur yemâin ara, ilaq ad ten$ev ! Yenna-as : " Amek akka ad ten$e$ ?", tenna-as : " Tura ad d-rbu$ wayev, ad t-nrebbi ad d-yeffe$ xir-is", yenna-as : " Amek akka a tameîîut ", terra-as : " Ihi ad tawiv ad yekrez, mi tewvem $er tesraft, segrurej-it". Te$leb-it tmeîîut-is, azekka-nni yessawel bab-as i mmi-s, yenna-as : " Rwaê ad nekrez tamurt akken ad neééu ibawen." Yu$-as awal, iruê yessufe$-d tayuga n yezgaren, iruê imiren yebda ikerrez, bab-as yettabaâ-it deffir, yettraou kan melmi ad yawev $er tesraft, akken ad t-idegger. Imi ur yeb$i ara Rebbi lexsara, hatan uqcic-nni yufa yiwen n yibiw yettnewwir, netta d lweqt n tuéut bab-as yeqqar-as kan : " Krez kan ur têarev ara deg-s", yenîeq uqcic $er
4
Moussa IMARAZEN, Timâayin n leqbayel, HCA, 2007, p.10
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bab-as : " Aha tura ad neééu wigi ad newren ula d nutni", yenna-as uqcic : "Ay$er ad terouv alama teééiv umbeâd ad gen ixulaf, ad newren akken ad fken lêeb, ha-ta wagi qrib ad d-yefk lêeb, ula d wagi s leâtab i d-yem$i." D$a argaz-nni am win t-yewten s useffiê, ifaq deg ayen yella ad t-yexdem di mmi-s, d$a yu$al s axxam, yewwet tameîîut-is, yebra-as."
Taqûivt
Taqûivt n Aâaziz d Aâziza (S$ur Ameziane Kezzar)
6Ëess-d i teqûivt-agi ! Taqûidt isteâoiben
Leâmer i tt-id-yeêka yiwen; Taqsit n Aâziz d Äziza Amacahu $ef lfetna, I yevran gar watmaten, nnif d l$irv i tyita $er-s zzint lemkaêel Wi wwin lâar d ccama, ur t-siriden isafen.
Xas ad yenfu $er l$erba,
~ 56 ~ anda yedda ad t-awven
Argaz t-yugin yen$a,
Iger ifassen-is deg idammen, Fell-as mi d-tezzi ssaâa, Yessared-iten deg imeîîawen.
Amacahu $ef iderma, Tekker gar sin yexxamen. Taâdawt turew-d lemêibba, Gar sin deg arraw-nsen. Taqûivt n lêub mi tebda lweêc iêres-d s imnaren Wa yettawi deg wa $er wa, tikelt-a ad mesnegren. Tura tewwev-d $er lêerma Ulac d acu i d-yeqqimen Argaz ad ya$ timura, Temeîîut ad tt-n$en.
~ 57 ~ Taqûivt n Aâaziz d Äziza,
Deg-s d acu i$ d-yewwven êekun-d yiwen wass di ccetwa, adfel yessa-d i wemnar
Asalu yerrez $er tala Aseggad yetbeâ later, Lêyia tes3a lêiba , Yerza lfuci $ef tgecrar Zdat-s iâuhed ssyada, s usefru i d-yerra ttar Aâziz
Ttwali$-kem gar yetran, Am tziri mi d-tevma. Tettwaliv-d deg igenwan, am win iteddun di tnafa Deg yiv yeâreq deg iberdan, iteddu ur ur yeéri anda, ttwali$-kem d asawen,
~ 58 ~ tettâaddiv ur ttisev
Ur terfidev win ye$lin, Deg ubrid-im ad tâefsev D lêubb-iw i kem yessulin Ma te$liv-d ad texnunsev
Aâziza :
Ur zdi$e$ igenni win jerêe$ ur uksane$ Ur iyi-ttcabi $er tziri, S ddaw ivar ay âace$ D lâebd ula d nekini $as b$i$ ttagade$ Ugade$ ad temdel timi Ayen b$i$ ur t-ttawve$
Deg yiv mi ara d-ye$li îlam Ad yeêbes l$aci
A lâica ad êebse$ ivan, Ad ak-ooe$ îîaq yelli
~ 59 ~ Yid-ne$ yiwen ur yettili
Ad iyi-d-êkuv ayen i k-yen$an ççure$ ula d nekini
Aberraê :
Ayen ak i iêemmel yenîel-it Di tesraft n lemêibba
Yelli-d allen-is d targit Yessufe$-itt s ayen yeb$a Ibeddel-as udem i dunnit Isfev akk ayen yesâedda Abrid n leâceq yeîîef-it Di îîlam ur t-yessin ara
D tayri i s-yeîîfen afus Ttemyeéran ur ttemlilin Taqcict d îîaq tâuss Têekku i yitran, $ellin
~ 60 ~ Ma terra $ef uqerru-s
Tugad medden ad tt-walin Yewâer ma yefsi waggus £ef uvar-is ad as-âeddin
Aâziz :
A tin ibeddn $er îîaq D iîij yevwan timura Anida tewêav yecreq Ye$li ur t-xzirev ara. Tiziri yusmen teêreq Warri$et tbeddel ssifa
Tafat inem anda tewwet Yuli wass te$li tziri ûûut inem win yemlek Isell-as di tguni
Afrux ibedd $ef ufurek Yeffe$-d ad d-i$enni
~ 61 ~ Amek i d-kecmev $er lêara
ur tugadev ad k-îîfen ? S ddreâ $elqent tewwura Leûwar ur ttwaqvaâen êaca itri umeksa
deg yiv i sen-d-izegren Ttmagare$-t s tirga D netta i ten-isufu$en
Urgi$ usu-k d azekka Deg-s mmaren idammen Leêmala inek d snesla Tcudd-iyi ifassen
Beddel isem ad ak-tebâe$ £er wanda ulac imcumen I wexvib-iw ad rewle$ Ad s$erse$ imraren
