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STRUCTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN (Fe1-x
Mnx)75 P15 C10 AMORPHOUS ALLOYS
Chr. Janot, B. George, C. Tête
To cite this version:
JOURNAL DE
PHYSIQUE
Colloque C8, supplbment
au
n012, Tome 46, ddcembre 1985 page C8-143STRUCTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE I N ( F e l - x
Mnx)75
P15 C l oAMORPHOUS A L L O Y S
Chr. J a n o t , B. ~ e o r ~ e * and C . ~ @ t e *
I n s t i t u t Laue-Langevin,
B.P.156
X,
38042 GrenobZe Cedex, France
*physique du SoZide,
B.P. 239,54506 Vadoeuvre Cedex, France
RCsumC
-
Des a l l i a g e s amorphes du s y s t s m e (Fel_, Mnx)75 P15 C10 o n t 6 t 6 6 t u d i C s p a r d i f f r a c t i o n , d i f f u s i o n d e s n e u t r o n s aux p e t i t s a n g l e s , s p e c t r o - s c o p i e Msssbauer e t mesures magnstiques. L ' o r d r e P c o u r t e d i s t a n c e , p a r t i e l l e - ment dCtermin6 g r P c e a u x e f f e t s d e c o n t r a s t e v a r i a b l el i e s
B
l a s u b s t i t u t i o nisomorphique Fe/Mn, montre notamment que d e s atomes d e m6tallo'ides ( P , C) peuvent S t r e en p o s i t i o n d e p r o c h e s v o i s i n s . A p l u s g r a n d e d i s t a n c e l e m a t 6 r i a u e s t homogsne s u r d e s zones de 75
1
e n v i r o n , e n p a r t i e s p a t i a l e m e n t c o r r e l d e s . Ces zones peuvent Z t r e ferromagn6tiquement ordonnges 5 l f i n t 6 r i e u rd e g r a n d s domaines pour x = 0 m a i s s o n t d e s c l u s t e r s p r e s q u e dScoupl6s l o r s q u e l e mangansse e s t p r C s e n t .
A b s t r a c t
-
(Fel-, Mnx)75 P15 C10 amorphous a l l o y s have been s t u d i e d u s i n g d i f f r a c t i o n , SANS, Mossbauer s p e c t r o s c o p y and magnetic measurements. S h o r t r a n g e o r d e r p a r a m e t e r s have been p a r t i a l l y d e t e r m i n e d t a k i n g b e n e f i t of c o n t r a s t v a r i a t i o n e f f e c t s due t o Fe/Mn isomorphous s u b s t i t u t i o n . I n p a r t i - c u l a r , non-metal ( P , C) atoms have been found i n n e a r e s t n e i g h b o u r p o s i t i o n s A t l o n g e r r a z g e d i s t a n c e s t h e s e amorphous a l l o y s e x h i b i t homogeneous zones of a b o u t 75 A , w i t h a c e r t a i n amount of s p a c e c o r r e l a t i o n s between zones. These zones can b e f e r r o m a g n e t i c a l l y o r d e r e d i n t o l a r g e domains f o r x = 0 a l l o y s b u t remain a l m o s t m a g n e t i c a l l y decoupled i n p r e s e n c e of manganese.I - INTRODUCTION
D e s c r i p t i o n o f a t o m i c c o n f i g u r a t i o n s i n b i n a r y amorphous a l l o y s have been c o n s i d e r e d a s a c h i e v a b l e d e s p i t e of t h e many e n c o u n t e r e d d i f f i c u l t i e s a r i s i n g from t h e l a c k of s e l e c t i o n r u l e s i n a b s e n c e of s p a c e p e r i o d i c i t y . For t e r n a r y a l l o y s , even t h e mere d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e i r s t r u c t u r e i n t e r m o f p a i r d i s t r i b u t i o n f u n c t i o n s r e q u i r e s s i x independent p a r t i a l c o r r e l a t i o n s t o b e determined and d e t a i l e d i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a r e a l m o s t h o p e l e s s w i t h i n a c c e p t a b l e a c c u r a c y . One of t h e a r c h e t y p e among t h e f a m i l y of t e r n a r y amorphous a l l o y s i s p r o b a b l y t h e Fey(P,C)l- amorphous system / 1 , 2 / , whose s t r u c t u r e however i s s t i l l d e s c r i b e d i n t e r m s o f Y " r e a s o n a b l e assumptions" mainly on t h e ground of X-ray d i f f r a c t i o n s t u d i e s / 3 , 4 / . I n a p r e v i o u s p a p e r / 5 / a d e t a i l e d a n a l y s i s of t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g p u b l i s h e d d a t a h a s been p r e s e n t e d a l o n g w i t h p r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s c o n c e r n i n g a n a l o g o u s amorphous a l l o y s of t h e
(Fel-x Mnx)75 P i 5 C10 f a m i l y p r e p a r e d by m e l t s p i n n i n g . I t h a s been shown, t h a t t h e amorphous s t r u c t u r e k e e p s on b e i n g t h e same and t h a t i r o n and manganese atoms a r e randomly d i s t r i b u t e d o v e r a u n i c t y p e of a t o m i c s i t e i n q u i t e a l a r g e r a n g e of Fe v s Mn c o n c e n t r a t i o n . X-ray d i f f r a c t i o n d a t a , d i f f e r e n t i a l c a l o r i m e t r y measurements, chemical c o m p o s i t i o n t e s t s and d e t a i l s a b o u t n e u t r o n s c a t t e r i n g i n - v e s t i g a t i o n have been g i v e n i n Ref. / 5 / and w i l l n o t b e r e p e a t e d i n t h e p r e s e n t paper whose p u r p o s e i s t o go f u r t h e r i n t o t h e a n a l y s i s o f s t r u c t u r e and micro- s t r u c t u r e u s i n g complementary a p p r o a c h e s from n e u t r o n d a t a ( b o t h d i f f r a c t i o n and s m a l l a n g l e s c a t t e r i n g ) and Mgssbauer s p e c t r o s c o p y a l o n g w i t h some m a g n e t i z a t i o n measurements.
C8-144 JOURNAL
DE
PHYSIQUEI1 - NEUTRON DIFFRACTION AND ISOMORPHOUS SUBSTITUTION METHOD
A s p r e v i o u s l y e x p l a i n e d / 5 / , t h e n e g a t i v e v a l u e of i t s n e u t r o n s c a t t e r i n g l e n g t h ( b m = -0.373 x
lo-''
cm) a l l o w s manganese t o produce c o n t r a s t v a r i a t i o n on i r o n s i t e s (bFe = +0.954 x lo-'' cm). I t i s t h e n p o s s i b l e t o o b t a i n a l l o y s w i t h no n e u t r o n s c a t t e r i n g from t h e m e t a l element(<b>M = x b+
~( 1 ~-
x ) bFe = 0 which g i v e sx
=
0 . 7 0 ) , o r a l l o y s w i t h no c o n t r a s t between m e t a l and non-metal s i t e s (<b>M =w i t h cM and cX b e i n g r e s p e c t i v e l y t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n of m e t a l and non-metal e l e m e n t s i n t h e a l l o y s (cM = 0.75 ; c x = 0 . 2 5 ) . C a l c u l a t i o n of t h e p a r t i a l c o o r d i n a t i o n numbers ZaB i n f u n c t i o n of t h e i n t e g r a t e d measured RDF i s s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d :
From t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s of t h e c o r r e l a t i o n f u n c t i o n s of f i g . 2 and n u m e r i c a l a p p l i - c a t i o n s on Eq (1) some meaningful s t r u c t u r a l f e a t u r e s f o l l o w :
1 ) Q u a l i t a t i v e comparisons of GXX t o GNN show t h a t t h e maximum v a l u e s of t h e s e two f u n c t i o n s a r e s h i f t e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o e a c h o t h e r . S t r i c k l y s p e a k i n g GNN i s p i c t u r i n g t h e t o t a l p a i r c o r r e l a t i o n s and s h o u l d show t h e G, peaks among o t h e r s . However t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n e f f e c t s (0.25 f o r X non-metal atoms) d r a s t i c a l l y r e d u c e s t h e v i s i b i l i t y of t h e GXX c o n t r i b u t i o n i n t o GNN which f i n a l l y happens t o b e e s p e c i a l l y t y p i c a l of metal-metal (M) a n d / o r M-X p a i r s t o a s m a l l e r e x t e n t .
2) The f i r s t c o o r d i n a t i o n d i s t a n c e seems t o be s p l i t t e d i n t o t h r e e s u b - d i s t a n c e s w i t h two X-X d i s t a n c e s around 2.20 and 3.10
1,
and one M-M o r l a n d M-X d i s t a n c e s around 2.53A
(which by t h e way c o r r e s p o n d s t o a d i p i n t h e X-X c o r r e l a t i o n s ) . T h e r e a r e , o b v i o u s l y , n e a r e s t neighbour X atoms of a g i v e n X atom.3 ) P o s i t i o n s o f peaks o r s h o u l d e r s a r e ( i n 8 ) : 2 , 2.53, 4 . 2 5 , 4.92, 6.40, 7.44, 8.60
...
f o r GNN ; 2.20, 3.10, 3.56, 3.90, 4.90, 5.90, 6.95...
f o r G, and a s m a l l waving f e a t u r e around 2.61
f o rGee.
4 ) A d e t a i l e d c a l c u l a t e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e a v e r a g e f i r s t c o o r d i n a t i o n s h e l l s , f o r a t o m i c d i s t a n c e s between 1.85
A
and 3.301
( s e e f i g . 2 ) , g i v e s :-
7.26 n e a r e ~ t ~ n e i g h b o u r s f o r a X(=C o r P) c e n t r a l atom, i n c l u d i n g 5.4 M atoms a t a b o u t 2.35 A , 0.76 X atoms a t a b o u t 2.201
and 1.10 X atoms a t a b o u t 3.101.
It i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o p o i n t o u t t h a t t h e M s u b - s h e l l r e p r e s e n t s 76 % of t h e t o t a l s h e l l w h i l e t h e two X s u b - s h e l l s c o n t a i n 10 % and 1 6 % r e s p e c t i v e l y of t h e t o t a l , i n e x a c t p r o p o r t i o n of t h e m e t a l , c a r b o n e and phosphorous c o n c e n t r a t i o n s .-
14.82 n.n f o r a M c e n t r a l atom w i t h 13.02 M a t a b o u t 2.531
and 1.80 X a t a b o u t 2.351,
t h u s i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n of 88 % and 12 % r e s p e c t i v e l y .-
12.96 n-n f o r a n a v e r a g e c e n t r a l atom, a t a b o u t 2.501
( R i ) . 5 ) Beyond t h e f i r s t c o o r d i n a t i o n s h e l l t h e a t o m i c c o n f i g u r a t i o n s a r e made of 24.55 atoms a t a b o u t 4.251
(R2) and 25.99 atoms a t a b o u t 4.921
on t h e a v e r a g e(R2/Ri = 1.68 and R3/Ri = 1 . 9 5 ) . D e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e s e second and t h i r d c o o r d i n a t i o n s s h e l l s c o r r e s p o n d t o :
-
5.52 X atoms and 9.38 M a t t m s between 3.30 and 4.401,
6.87 X atoms and 14.84 M atoms between 4.40 and 5.50 A s u r r o u n d i n g t h e a v e r a g e X c e n t r a l atom.-
44.43 M atoms, s h a r e d by two s u b - s h e l l s a t a b o u t 4.25 gnd 4.95A,
and 8.07 X atgms s h a r e d by t h r e e s u b - s h e l l s a t a b o u t 3.56, 3.90 and 4.90 A , between 3.30 and 5.50 A s u r r o u n d i n g t h e a v e r a g e M c e n t r a l atom.6 ) S i z e e f f e c t s p r e f e r a b l y t o c h e m i c a l i n f l u e n c e seem t o b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r s h o r t and medium r a n g e o r d e r i n t h e m a t e r i a l .
The magnetic p r o p e r t i e s of amorphous (Fel-x Mnx)y(P, C ) l y m e t a l l i c g l a s s e s have been p r e v i o u s l y s t u d i e d u s i n g ~ g s s b a u e r s p e c t r o s c o p y , m a g n e t i z a t i o n o r s u s c e p t i - b i l i t y measurements, f e r r o m a g n e t i c r e s o n a n c e and s m a l l a n g l e n e u t r o n s c a t t e r i n g
'28-146
JOURNAL
DE
PHYSIQUE
c a l l y inhomogeneous w i t h , a t low t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e p o s s i b l e c o e x i s t e n c e o f f e r r o - magnetism and s p i n - c l u s t e r g l a s s - l i k e o r d e r . I n t h e p r e s e n t work, t h e M26, M70 and M84 a l l o y s of t h e (Fel-, Mnx)75 P l 5 C10 s y s t e m s have been measured by MGssbauer s p e c t r o s c o p y a t d i f f e r e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s between 4.2 K and room t e m p e r a t u r e . The MOO a l l o y , w i t h x = 0 , h a s been a l s o measured f o r t h e s a k e of comparison. The g e n e r a l s h a p e of t h e MOO p a t t e r n i s n o t t o o much a f f e c t e d by t e m p e r a t u r e changes. It i s t h e u s u a l broadened s i x l i n e s spectrum which can be a n a l y s e d i n t e r m s of c o n t i n u o u s h y p e r f i n e f i e l d d i s t r i b u t i o n P(H) a s shown i n f i g u r e 3 . The main s i g n i f i c a n t f e a -
t u r e s of t h e s e P(H) d i s t r i b u t i o n c u r v e s a r e a n a b s o l u t e maximum f o r H = 300 kOe a t l i q u i d helium o r n i t r o g e n t e m p e r a t u r e ( s a t u r a t i o n i s o b v i o u s l y n o t r e a c h e d a t RT, d e s p i t e of TC = 590 K , s i n c e t h e maxi- mum of P(H) c o r r e s p o n d s t o H = 260 kCe o n l y ) and a s h o u l d e r on t h e low f i e l d s i d e a t a b o u t 225 kOe f o r T = 4.2 K o r 8 0 K and n e a r 200 kOe f o r RT. The M26 Mijssbauer p a t t e r n i s more d e e p l y a f f e c t e d by tem- p e r a t u r e changes and p r o g r e s s i v e l y e v o l v e s from a broadened two l i n e s s p e c t r u m a t room t e m p e r a t u r e t o a p o o r l y r e s o l v e d h y p e r f i n e s t r u c t u r e a t 4.2 K o r 80 K
( f i g . 4 ) . The c o r r e s p o n d i n g P(H) c u r v e s show ( F i g . 5) a v e r y low f i e l d c o n t r i b u t i o n
3* H(k0e) '0° f o r H
=
50 koe which may b e h a r d l y a t t r i -b u t e d t o t r u l y m a g n e t i c atoms. The c o n t r i - b u t i o n of t h e s e "non-magnetic atoms", a c c o r d i n g t o Mijssbauer s p e c t r o s c o p y t i m e s c a l e , d e c r e a s e s from a b o u t 100 % a t RT, F i g . 3 : H y p e r f i n e f i e l d d i s t r i b u t i o n t o 50 % a t 8 0 K and 25 % a t 4.2 K d e s p i t e a s d e t e r m i n e d from ~ i j s s b a u e r s p e c t r a of t h e a l l o y b e i n g i n a f e r r o m a g n e t i c s t a t e of t h e MOO a l l o y . below Tc
"
175 K a s deduced from magneti-Energy scale (I~near In Lt-1)
---%
a*t,
-
t
c t.-
+-'.
f'-"-
P I'i
2
% 8 Q'&
!.
2
-
.* : ::.
:; I I I I I 1Iron Spectrum Peak-pos~tions
3
F i g . 4 : Mgssbauer spectrum a s mea- F i g . 5 : Hyperf i n e f i e l d d i s t r i b u t i o n s u r e d a t 4.2 K o n t h e M26 a l l o y . a s d e t e r m i n e d from Mzssbauer s p e c t r a
of t h e M26 a l l o y .
F i g . 6 : Isomer s h i f t changes v s Mn/Fe r e l a t i v e c o n c e n t r a t i o n a s measured by Massbauer s p e c t r o s c o p y a t room t e m p e r a t u r e . F i g . 7 : Thermomagnetization c u r v e f o r t h e M26 a l l o y . w i d t h a t 4.2 K b e i n g a b o u t t w i c e t h a t measured a t 80 K o r RT. C o n c l u s i v e l y , t h e magnetic be- h a v i o u r of t h e s e (Fel-, P i 5 C10 amor- phous a l l o y s , a s l o n g a s t i m e s c a l e of
MGSS-
b a u e r s p e c t r o s c o p y i s c o n c e r n e d , i s r a t h e r t y p i c a l of a m a g n e t i c a l l y inhomogeneous m a t e r i a l w i t h f l u c t u a t i o n s o f t h e h y p e r f i n e f i e l d i n i n d i v i d u a l domains b e i n g f r o z e n o v e r q u i t e a l a r g e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e . I n c i d e n t a l l y , t h e c o m p o s i t i o n dependence of t h e isomer s h i f t 6 ( 1 ) = 6 ( 0 ) - 0.092 (mmlsec) e x a c t l y a s ex- p e c t e d from a p e r f e c t isomorphous Fe/Mn sub- s t i t u t i o n / l o / . The m a g n e t i c a l l y inhomogeneous c h a r a c t e r of t h e s e a l l o y s i s a l s o evidenced t h r o u g h t h e i r macroscopic magnetic p r o p e r t i e s , a s p i c t u r e d f o r i n s t a n c e i n f i g u r e 7 f o r t h e M26 m a t e r i a l . A f t e r c o o l i n g i n z e r o f i e l d c o n d i t i o n s and demagnetizing a t 4.2 K , t h e t e m p e r a t u r e dependence of t h e m a g n e t i z a t i o n i n a 50 Oe e x t e r n a l f i e l d h a s been measured from 4.2 K up t o R.T and back down t o 4.2 K . The C u r i e t r a n s i t i o n between paramagnetism and ferromagnetism c a n b e s e e n a t a b o u t 175 K b u t a regime of s t r o n g i r r e v e r s i b i l i t y i s observed below 140 K w i t h t h e m a g n e t i z a t i o n r e a c h i n g e q u i l i b r i u m w i t h g r e a t d i f f i c u l t i e s and b e i n g v e r y weak below 25 K i n t h e warming up measure- ments s t a r t i n g from t h e demagnetized s t a t e . Thus, i t can b e p r o b a b l y concluded t h a t beyond t h e t h e r m a l f l u c t u a t i o n s of m a g n e t i z a t i o n i n s m a l l domains t h e r e i s a l s o a c e r t a i n r e l u c - t a n c e f o r t h e s e s m a l l domains t o a l i g n on a n a p p l i e d f i e l d and a tendency f o r them t o keep f i r m l y s t u c k a l o n g t h e i r i n i t i a l d i r e c t i o n a c q u i r e d i n t h e a c t u a l macroscopic a n i s o t r o p y f i e l d / I / . The t h e r m o m a g n e t i z a t i o n c u r v e s o b t a i n e d f o r t h e M70 and M84 a l l o y s a r e q u a l i t a t i v e l y s i m i l a r b u t i r r e v e r s i b i l i t y i s observed immediately below t h e C u r i e tempera- t u r e .I V
-
SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING AND MICROSTRUCTUREThe d i f f r a c t i o n of X-rays o r n e u t r o n s w i t h a s m a l l s c a t t e r i n g v e c t o r Q p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e s t a t e of t h e specimen o v e r d i s t a n c e s l a r g e r t h a n s e v e r a l a t o m i c d i a m e t e r s . The l i m i t i n g v a l u e of t h e s t r u c t u r e f a c t o r a s Q + 0 simply mea-
s u r e s t h e macroscopic v a r i a n c e of t h e d e n s i t y o f t h e medium which, f o r system i n thermodynamic e q u i l i b r i u m , i s simply p r o p o r t i o n a l t o i s o t h e r m a l c o m p r e s s i b i l i t y
XT
( n u c l e a r s c a t t e r i n g ) o r i s o t h e r m a l s u s c e p t i b i l i t y (magnetic s c a t t e r i n g ) . However, amorphous m a t e r i a l s a r e n o t i n thermodynamic e q u i l i b r i u m , n o r i n a n homo- geneous s i n g l e p h a s e s t a t e , s o t h a t t h e r e i s n o t h i n g t o p r e v e n t l a r g e s t a t i c f l u c - t u a t i o n of d e n s i t y having been f r o z e n i n w i t h o u t h a v i n g t o s a t i s f y t h e p r o p o r t i o n a - l i t y r u l e t o c o m p r e s s i b i l i t y o r l a n d s u s c e p t i b i l i t y . The s m a l l a n g l e n e u t r o n s c a t - t e r i n g p a t t e r n s have been measured f o r t h e M26 a l l o y s , a t t e m p e r a t u r e s from 4 . 2 K t o RT, u s i n g t h e Dl1 s m a l l a n g l e camera a t t h e I.L.L. ( G r e n o b l e J , w i t h a sample- d e t e c t o r d i s t a n c e o f 10.6 m e t e r s and a n e u t r o n w a v e l e n g t h of 7 A , t h u s c o v e r i n g t h e Q r a n g e from 0.4 x t o 3.2 xi-'.
They have been f i t t e d t o a s e t ofs p l i n e s f u n c t i o n s /11/ which a l l o w s e x t r a p o l a t i o n t o Q + 0 f o r t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of
t h e I ( o ) v a l u e s , and t h e d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e i n h o m o g e n e i t i e s i n t e r m s of s c a t t e r i n g volume V d i s t r i b u t i o n s o v e r p a r t i c l e s i z e d i n r e a l s p a c e , t h r o u g h a F o u r i e r t r a n s -
JOURNAL
DE
PHYSIQUE
V
-
CONCLUSIONt i c and non-magnetic i n h o m o g e n e i t i e s a s measured i n t h e a n a l o g o u s MOO amorphous a l l o y a t room t e m p e r a t u r e / 1 2 / . P a r t i c l e s have been assumed t o b e s p h e r i c a l .
A s e x p l a i n e d above I ( o ) i s e x p e c t e d t o b e v e r y s m a l l i n a n homogeneous m a t e r i a l f a r from any phase t r a n s i t i o n , and t o i n c r e a s e s h a r p l y a t phase t r a n s i t i o n a s n e a r t h e C u r i e p o i n t i n a p a r a
2
f e r r o m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l . The measured I ( o ) c u r v e f o r t h e M26 a l l o y ( f i g . 8 ) i s n o t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h s u c h a s i m p l e s c e n a r i o . It seems t h a t two t r a n s i t i o n s a r e a c t u a l l y o b s e r v e d , c o r r e s p o n d i n g roughly t o t h e C u r i e p o i n t (170 K)o
200 T ( K ) * and t h e low t e m p e r a t u r e b l o c k i q g of t h e magne-t i z a t i o n d i r e c t i o n i n s m a l l domains (25 K) a s e x p l a i n e d i n s e c t i o n 111. The former i s p e r h a p s n o t a s s h a r p a s e x p e c t e d f o r a second o r d e r F i g . 8 : Temperature dependence phase t r a n s i t i o n b u t I ( o ) r e a s o n a b l y f o l l o w s of t h e I ( o ) l i m i t a s d e t e r m i n e d a Curie-Weiss d e c r e a s e i n t h e paramagnetic from SANS d a t a . r e g i o n . The l a t t e r i s s p r e a d o v e r a t l e a s t 70 K
and c o r r e s p o n d s t o v e r y l a r g e magnetic f l u c t u - a t i o n s . Below t h e C u r i e
Atomic s h o r t r a n g e o r d e r can b e p a r t i a l l y d e t e r m i n e d i n (Fel-, Mnq)75 P15 C I 0 amorphous a l l o y s t h a n k s t o c o n t r a s t v a r i a t i o n i n n e u t r o n diffraction d u e t o
isomorphous s u b s t i t u t i o n of Fe by Mn. The a v e r a g e f i r s t c o o r d i n a t i o n s h e l l c o n t a i n s a b o u t 13 atoms (7.26 f o r a non-metal atom and 14.82 f o r a m e t a l o n e mainly b e c a u s e
V(d)[a.uj
-
( c ) 2 8 K x1. . .
. .
(c)175Kx1----
(c)230K xl -- ( a ) x 2 0 --
(b)x 100 \ \ \ \ \ \ \-.-..\ d(&, p o i n t , t h e measured I ( o ) v a l u e s a r e above a curved b a s e l i n e which d e c r e a s e s m o n o t o n i c a l l y w i t h tem- p e r a t u r e , f o l l o w i n g a A exp (-TITo) law w i t h To = 76.38 K , more o r l e s s a s e x p e c t e d f o r a s y s t e m of magnetic c l u s t e r s weakly magneti- c a l l y coupled t o e a c h o t h e r . ( a n a l m o s t "per- f e c t gas" of magnetic c l u s t e r s !) According t o t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e d i s t r i - b u t i o n s V(d) a s g i v e n i n f i g . 9 , t h e s e c l u s t e r s would havz d i a m e t e r s o f0
200
400600
800
about 75 A and some s p a c e c o r r e l a t i o n s between them F i g . 9 : S i z e d i s t r i b u t i o n f u n c t i o n s i n t h e MOO [magJe- a r e o b s e r v e d . Moreover t i c c o n t r i b u t i o n ( a ) ; non-magnetic c o n t r i b u t i o n (b)A
t h e g e n e r a l f e a t u r e s of and i n t h e M26 ( c ) a l l o y s . Amplitudes a r e propor- t h e V(d) f u n c t i o n s a r e t i o n a l t o s c a t t e r i n g volume f r a c t i o n x c o n t r a s t n o t t o o much m o d i f i e d by p r o d u c t s . t e m p e r a t u r e changes ( i f ,of s i z e e f f e c t s ) . Non-metal atoms h a v e b e e n found i n n e a r e s t - n e i g h b o u r p o s i t i o n s . The m i c r o s t r u c t u r e of t h e s e a l l o y s c a n b e d e s c r i b e d i n t e r m s of 75 homogeneous zones s p a t i a l l y c o r r e l a t e d u p t o a p o i n t . Below t h e C u r i e t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e s e z o n e s become i n t e r n a l l y m a g n e t i c a l l y o r d e r e d and f e r r o m a g n e t i c a l l y c o u p l e d i n MOO
( w i t h o u t Mn a l l o y ) b u t remain p a r t i a l l y f r e e f o r i n d i v i d u a l r o t a t i o n o r l a n d f l u c t u a t i o n of t h e i r m a g n e t i z a t i o n f o r t h e a l l o y s i n which Manganese i s p r e s e n t .
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