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THEORY OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN MOLECULAR CRYSTALS, APPLICATION TO ALCALI CYANIDES

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HAL Id: jpa-00221607

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00221607

Submitted on 1 Jan 1981

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

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THEORY OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN MOLECULAR CRYSTALS, APPLICATION TO

ALCALI CYANIDES

W. Bauernfeind, J. Keller, U. Schröder

To cite this version:

W. Bauernfeind, J. Keller, U. Schröder. THEORY OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN MOLECU- LAR CRYSTALS, APPLICATION TO ALCALI CYANIDES. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1981, 42 (C6), pp.C6-247-C6-249. �10.1051/jphyscol:1981671�. �jpa-00221607�

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JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

CoZZoque C6, suppZ6ment au n O 1 2, Tome 42, de'cembre 1981 page c6-247

THEORY OF THERMAL C O N D U C T I V I T Y I N MOLECULAR CRYSTALS, A P P L I C A T I O N TO A L C A L I CYAN I D E S

W. Bauernfeind, J. K e l l e r and U. SchrEder

I n s t i t u t f& T h e o r e t i s c h e Physik, U n i v e r s i t t i t Regensburg, 0-8400 Regensburg, F. R. G.

A b s t r a c t . - We i n v e s t i g a t e t h e i n f l u e n c e o f c o u p l i n g b e t w e e n t r a n s l a t i o n a l a n d r o t a t i o n a l m o t i o n o n t h e t h e r m a l c o n d u c - t i v i t y o f m o l e c u l a r c r y s t a l s a n d p r e s e n t r e s u l t s f o r K C N .

I n t h i s p a p e r we r e p o r t o n c a l c u l a t i o n s o f t h e t h e r m a l c o n d u c - t i v i t y o f KCN, t h e p r o t o t y p e o f a m o l e c u l a r c r y s t a l w i t h r o t a t i o n a l m o t i o n o f m o l e c u l a r g r o u p s . We w i l l show t h a t t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t r a n s l a t i o n a l a n d r o t a t i o n a l m o t i o n i s a v e r y e f f e c t i v e r e l a x a t i o n m e c h a n i s m f o r t h e h e a t c u r r e n t a n d may r e d u c e t h e t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y t o v a l u e s a s f o u n d i n a m o r p h o u s m a t e r i a l s .

I n o u r c a l c u l a t i o n s we u s e a m o d e l p r o p o s e d b y ~ i c h e l ' f o r t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t r a n s l a t i o n a l a n d r o t a t i o n a l m o t i o n . A t T = 1 6 8 K K C N u n d e r g o e s a p h a s e t r a n s i t i o n t o a n o r t h o r h o m b i c p h a s e w h e r e t h e CN m o l e c u l e s a r e o r d e r e d p r e f e r e n t i a l l y i n t h e [ I 1 0 1 d i r e c t i o n 2 . I n o u r c a l c u l a t i o n we r e s t r i c t o u r s e l v e s t o t h e h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e p h a s e w h e r e t h e c r y s t a l i s c u b i c , a n d we t r e a t t h e CN m o l e c u l e s a s f r e e r o t a t o r s .

The t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y X d e f i n e d b y J = -XVT c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e f o l l o w i n g c o r r e l a t i n g f u n c t i o n ( K u b o f o r m u l a )

H e r e j = j (q=O) i s t h e h e a t c u r r e n t o p e r a t o r .

a a

The r e l a x a t i o n f u n c t i o n ( 1 ) i s m o s t c o n v e n i e n t l y e v a l u a t e d b y u s i n g a M o r i - Z w a n z i g p r o j e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e 3 .

The r e s u l t i s

-.

w h e r e t h e s t a t i c c u r r e n t s u s c e p t i b i l i t y i s d e f i n e d b y 0

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1981671

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C6-248 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

a n d t h e memory f u n c t i o n M i s g i v e n a p p r o x i m a t e l y b y t h e r e l a x a t i o n f u n c t i o n o f t h e t i m e d e r i v a t i v e o f t h e h e a t c u r r e n t A = [H,jy]

Y

00

M ^. ~ i m d t e-"

1

d ~ < A : ( o ) A ~ ( ~ + ~ K ) > ( 4 )

&+O

0

F o r t h e m o l e c u l a r c r y s t a l KCN we u s e t h e f o l l o w i n g m o d e l H a m i l t o n i a n 1

2 1

L C 2 ) 5

+ I -

2 1 + v R + I T Y:(:) v u c n )

1 n = l l n a n a a 1

H e r e t h e l a s t t e r m i s t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t r a n s l a t i o n s uC1) o f 1 K a n d t h e o r i e n t a t i o n s Y;(:) o f n e i g h b o u r i n g CN m o l e c u l e s d e s c r i b e d b y s p h e r i c a l h a r m o n i c s .

From a s u i t a b l e d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e e n e r g y d e n s i t y h ( ? ) a n d i t s c o n t i n u i t y e q u a t i o n t h e f o l l o w i n g e x p r e s s i o n f o r t h e h e a t c u r r e n t i s o b t a i n e d

H e r e we h a v e w r i t t e n down o n l y t h e c u r r e n t c a r r i e d b y p h o n o n s w h i c h i s e x p e c t e d t o g i v e t h e L a r g e s t c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e t h e r m a l c o n d u c - t i v i t y . F o r t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e memory f u n c t i o n M we a l s o n e e d t h e t i m e d e r i v a t i v e o f 7 : A = [ H , j y ] . I t i s o f t h e f o r m A - Y u. F o r t h e

Y

e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e c o r r e l a t i o n f u n c t i o n i n ( 4 ) we u s e a mode c o u p l i n g p r o c e d u r e b y w r i t i n g

F o r a f i r s t e s t i m a t e o f X t h e p h o n o n p r o p a g a t o r < u ( t ) u ( O ) > a n d t h e s t a t i c c u r r e n t s u s c e p t i b i l i t y ( j l j ) a r e e v a l u a t e d i n a Debye model, a n d f o r < Y ( t ) Y ( O ) > t h e c o r r e l a t i o n f u n c t i o n o f a f r e e r o t a t o r i s u s e d .

The r e s u l t i n g t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y X r o t i s shown i n F i g . 1 . I t s t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e i s d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e Debye t e m p e r a t u r e

( O D = 1 9 2 K) a n d t h e t y p i c a l e x c i t a t i o n e n e r g y o f a r o t a t i o n E r o t = ( k , ~ . i l ~ l 2 1 ) ~ ~ ~ = 3 2 ( ~ l e , ) ' / ~ K w h e r e I i s t h e moment o f i n e r t i a o f KCN.

T h e m a g n i t u d e o f X i s d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e c o u p l i n g c o n s t a n t s v b e t w e e n r o t a t i o n a l a n d t r a n s l a t i o n a l m o t i o n . T h e y c a n b e e x p r e s s e d b y t w o c o n s t a n t s C, D ( s e e Eq. 2 o f Ref. 4 ) w h i c h h a v e b e e n d e t e r m i n e d b y a f i t t o t h e e l a s t i c c o n s t a n t s : C = 1 6 3 0 K/R, D = 8 6 0 ~ 1 8 .

(4)

F i g . 1 : T e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y i n t h e c u b i c p h a s e o f KCN.

A r o t : t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y r e - s u l t i n g f r o m c o u p l i n g b e t w e e n t r a n s l a t i o n a l a n d r o t a t i o n a l m o t i o n ,

A K C L : e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t f o r KC1 ( a l s o shown i n t h e i n s e r t f o r a L a r g e r t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e ) ,

A : p r e d i c t e d t h e r m a l c o n d u c - t i v i t y f o r KCN.

F o r a r e a l i s t i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y we a l s o h a v e t o c o n s i d e r a n h a r m o n i c i n t e r a c t i o n s i n t h e t r a n s l a t i o n a l m o t i o n

( U m k l a p p p r o c e s s e s ) . I n o r d e r t o g e t a n e s t i m a t e o f t h i s e f f e c t we c o m p a r e A w i t h t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t A K C l f o r p u r e K C L ~ . T h e

r o t

t o t a l t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y A shown i n F i g . 1 i s t h e n o b t a i n e d b y A-l - - 1 - 1

- ' r o t + ' K C L -

O u r r e s u l t s h o w s t h a t i n a m e d i u m t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e T = B D t h e r e l a x a t i o n o f t h e h e a t c u r r e n t i s d o m i n a t e d b y t h e i n t e r a c t i o n o f p h o n o n s w i t h r o t a t i o n s , w h e r e a s a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s a n h a r m o n i c Um- k l a p p p r o c e s s e s a r e m o s t i m p o r t a n t . Our r e s u l t h a s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d a s a n u p p e r b o u n d t o t h e t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f KCN a b o v e t h e p h a s e t r a n s i t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e T c .

R e f e r e n c e s

1 K.H. M i c h e l a n d J . N a u d t s , J.Chem.Phys. 67, 5 4 7 ( 1 9 7 7 ) .

2 J.M. Roue, J . J . Rush, a n d E. P r i n c e , J.Chem.Phys. 66, 5 1 4 7 ( 1 9 7 7 ) . 3 D. F o r s t e r , H y d r o d y n a m i c f l u c t u a t i o n s , b r o k e n s y m m e t r y , a n d

c o r r e l a t i o n f u n c t i o n s , B e n j a m i n , R e a d i n g ( 1 9 7 5 ) .

4 D. S t r a u c h , U. S c h r o d e r , a n d W. B a u e r n f e i n d , S o l i d S t a t e Commun.

2, 5 5 9 ( 1 9 7 9 ) .

5 E.D. D e v i a t k o v a a n d I . A . S m i r n o v , Sov. P h y s i c s S o l i d S t a t e 6, 1 8 3 6 ( 1 9 6 3 ) ; A, 1 4 4 5 ( 1 9 6 3 ) -

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