• Aucun résultat trouvé

موقف الدين من فلسفة المواطنة

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "موقف الدين من فلسفة المواطنة"

Copied!
18
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)405. 2017   14

(2)   23   ‫ א

(3) אא‬. . .  íß]ç¹]íËŠ×ÊàÚàè‚Ö]ÌÎçÚ  . . *ÔÓŠÖ]çeÇÖ]‚fÂK.   ,

(4)     ‫ " !      ﺑ‬#$%  &  ' ( )' *#$ 4#56 .67  89 : ;/ 1 <6=/0 >? +,% , - & ./0 1 23 1 '=/@ AB B ' 3C D 0 8# ! EB 5F 1 23  , 6F  6( - '  1 IC='  ,6(  K 8L( 4 5 .67 K 8L(  >6H <M N$ 63- G 7H ICJF ,O A   P .6Q 8M K  #$%  K RS- > 8 12/$ ,>/. 89   8M & D! ,6H TU )/9 6V% /   TC  6' 8 >$ GW/F X2$ K  #$%  K RS  !. 8^ D/ K .C='( _  2 ]>/6'  @% Y Z- & [%8R \6H Z;/$ D/ K 8L( ' ( EB `'   8 H ,6@ 60  6' 8 K .C='( 8;F 6C& \/@% Y ' ( a\& 6(   e >FB  ,86d'  +C  :%  ,6H TU  89  bL'$ .6c [`F ,D(   3C h6@i/  K .C='( 89 12 1  8 4f Y ,6F2  6F 0Fg  1mH l /  , TU  j 60 GW/F 89  bL'$ ' ( 1 k  O '! _9  8 SH ,1 0Fg 8c 1 0Fg  [.  n' @% Y  ' 6( - '  EB opC D0 ]j 60 3Q  q% 7r  s t   .u v'/  8/  1W g  yS , & ,<3/;( ,aS@g ,xT , 8 , ' ( :69 /&( KWC2  íڂϹ] [ 60  1F .  u3/$ D/ >/ z # & aN{ 1 D! j 60 )'(  ' ( 1B  yS=F  8  ,>/6' - 1 0Fg |} D' z #(  ! : ~   +2r a `F. K1"#!  ‫*

(5)   ? ?אאאא‬ boussekekabdelghani@gmail.com ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(6) 2017   14

(7)   23   ‫ א

(8) אא‬. 406. 1 W , \22&$ \//&$ XB  ' ( D'#$  6' 8 h@ 1 ,h@  !   ( G '  D-W/M €%B 1 0F a  I.L/$ 1 23  h@ z #  ' ( bL a.  8 6M( 8-  u ,>$ .3 u ‚03/ LF >\M  >6H +2L/ ,>6TC 1 23 a\&  :oG 0/F 1 ' 23 O A ƒ= ! oS  ]>C@ 1 0Fg 2&/ 6@ @  G '#  8  IC='F 1 23 ! ?' ( 8  yS   8 ! ?' ( ? 8S EB 8L( : ~ 8  q   8 K 9 < R '/$ ' ( ! ? (  h6@i/ 23 ! ?6(  ' (   ( [2H DTC l /  n' 8  ! h6‫ﻟ‬ ?6RS 36R ' ( ! ?6F 0FB ' ( Víß]ç¹]ÝçãËÚ» −1 1 86  ‰&C/  ,' ( a\& *#7$ 1 K % D/ +6! &(  n % / K 8$ 8. K -@( 8;F ,6H TU R  Š @  *#$ & $ \6=$ +M ( 8;F ‹69 ,Œ EB ,6@ 60 K .(  E M%8  \=NH 6@ 60 aC  , t  GW/F  !b^ a\& *#7F 1 ' 8 1   ,1F . \' 8 2d$ D/  '  z #(  ]69S=p 69 '  +Q  TC 69 '  ' ( : TC 69 '    TC 69 '  '  3C 1 ,6S@g    ' ( " :x / Ž9 p  >.H  )' % 1mH ,> >CH 3c  Z- >'  ,  & %85"  [Ai ! W ,89    +\ ‘ - a.    ,>6C- >.H   Z- >'  6R ,>'   RB 1 2(  O% f )'3   ,89  1 2  > 2@ )'3 >' @  1id ]1" 8 >'=. q   )'3 ,20(  <R(  1 2( D'$ ' ( 1i +\& )'( !  qTC % U 1B" :>.  M x / 8#- 09 ’ k [ 8e  ! ,1 0Fg ,1  <3U  >C 1 0Fg  ! ,> +6.$ o'(   1]"] [  D! ' 3C 8\d( > )30  >' & (  , \6B qi$ D/ \'  \=  .#  +'T 1  ]2"  >“ xr 8! d  ]Š @  6. 8  ‰=#$% D/  Citizenship 6'6$S 3C2C “$  D! 2 ž ,6R 6@ 6@ ‫>  ﺑ‬C3{ W ‹ 8r ' ( 4C=5 1 8eF 1 23 >6C- ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(9) 407. 2017   14

(10)   23   ‫ א

(11) אא‬. . 1 2( ,W 8R x > 85.$ ‰F  ,6 TC Z- 6 4C=5 !  6 TC  ‚A  6H TU 69 ' EB d D. a\&( T/ ž aS@g GDŸ 8 , TU L(  ]3"[u      +bF 8. "E $   oR ' ( [2H )&F  O '!  ,xr  O% ( >6H K% q  1 2( )'3 '! ( H GW/F  6#5 Z- a.$ X ,R&  £S/ x #@  !¢/-  DS@g  8  ‚  : ;/ 6H TM =R   !  TC 1 0Fg * ,[86.   8 a. ¤%  a.( ] 8  [86. * % !  * % +! :69S=p 69 '  x EB 6¥ 8# K 3/;(  6@ 6@ % 79 6V% $  ./F 6F 0Fg ‰H- 1 8 <c  ! ,1F . Z- ‰6' D/ ,6. 8 %\¦ 6@ 60  6F8( K 3/;( _ +\'6 W6H ,+\'6 W6H H _ K RS +6`'$ M  K #M   y.r 8 8L/ Ku 8.H >' , 6FF R 6@ 6@ \& >/&5 8^ ' ( a\& 2d$ '!  ,8 </§  X Z- ' ( " ‰H- ‹69 ,4C=53C [ 8L( 69S=p +6! &(  n % / ‰R  £$ [ 8 89 t ]'6 6H TM .  \/@% Y K #M  y.L ¨Jd ]4"1F . +29 EB 8'/0$ D/ u 8r 6. 8  !  8 q  n /  xN.$ !8;F 'FmH 6(  h6 .  K -@( +! EB [   K #M   y.r %8 8{ q  1F . Š @ Z- 6'# >/  & _ RS- ' ( y.r  u 8 . Hª 1F . 4'3 IC='( !  ,'6 6H TM R%  K RS +6`'/ ‰c y.9  ,6#=  1 0Fg < K8 y.9 D! ,>H  63L( ' ( 8^ 6F = ¢ £% ( [¥ 1mH !  ,+\/ _ +\'6  ,+\'6 W6H H _   r  #$ '37/ 8 ‚C$ 1F R ! 8{ W 8  & _ RS-" X Z  Žp '( l$ x J/F I9 u 6@ 6@ y.9 >6C- «#0$ ,K 6e0  \#9 5 ]5" t £ 3 a8J/0$  # , D/ 60'U  ' ( _ [¥ 8 K6. & _ RS 1 ,' ( &p Ž0/ 8R & 1 D'   8C 60'M 3LH ,  D&  " #$%  %d 2d   EB q ,q'( EB q

(12) : ;/$    6 8$ u a\&( 8;F '?  , 8 p  ­ % /  TC   t  GW/F ‹69  !8  >/  & _ RS  ,6FF .  6@ 60 ' ( Z-  ®T 2& ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(13) 2017   14

(14)   23   ‫ א

(15) אא‬. 408. ŽF U Z- 8C ¯F . ŽF U GS-B   K 6. %\¦ EB ‚A  W% ,j 60 >6C- ,6$'\2  60'2 [=60  +2r  ‰5C} 1 8 % >$8\f  ! ,D' 8 K 89     C   7- D!":| W ' ( l8 x /2 -@ 8^ l$ I9 ‰ 5/ I9 u y.r  +°8 _' ( 1 -@( 8e$ ,+2r - v H8  Ž¥ ± <H ŽM  u K #M   >6C- ‚  ,  Žp '( ]6"+!8C  %8. ,y.r 8{ q  1F . Š @ Z- ‹ 8r <3/;(  ' ( )'#$  %8.#H <c G  +\# =$ 6@ 6@ - “  G 7- +Xi H d '! K #M  8^ ,k K G DR #  8C 0H ' ' ( K8 '!  ,% #/-  yH 1F . 1 6. 8  ' ( a\& o9 @ %  ,q%2 |- o. a\&( h&' 86i$ [¥  G M W D'$ D/ Citizenship `&C # $   LC=5 \/&5 ' ( " ‚C$ >'37/$ W ,8 ‚C$ 1F R ! 8{ W ,  H _ RS-" 6F = ¢ £% ( <  r  #$ ' (  ! '37/ 8 ‚C$  − #/ −y.9 K #M   RS ]7"K 6e0  \#9 5  Z- vW/M +C- Š R  ‰H- 8R ' ( 1 8;F vW/M +C- n % $ EB F8- AB oS    j 6@ <3/Ÿ _ D6# ¨Jf _ a.$ 6-W/M RS-  F 2" : X _ RS  ! 8L/$ , Wr 3\ ¯ u E/  G o £= a8. RS  ! ]8"[  0( 8# \32{ W ,1F . I  - 8  ¨Jd. 8^ >S  W\'6 *  \H ,8  ¯8( <3/;( _ <c3/ a\& 1AB ' ( H  , - u nC/V  n / \H >6C- ,K #M   y.r Z- a.$ D/ RS ]. 0 n % /. & <H8$ D/ D!  , \CM  DL7  >/ aN{ q  & G ' EB £8µ ' ( H ] t  GW/F  Š 09g EB ! 8{ K #M  >6C- y.9 > <3/;(  H >? ‹69   ( a\& \¦ '!  ‹6L ,D2C( a `' Z- 1789 60F& [%u % 5/F < a\&( ! idF" 8. ,1F . a `F ¦  _'  EB +\6e0 8'- +t y.9  -% Ÿ  H o^ ]9"D .3. ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(16) 409. 2017   14

(17)   23   ‫ א

(18) אא‬. .  , O% d  ( ! 1 EB H cg  ,:% 2   *#$  ( H >6C- W ,GW/F [89 %d  % d( IC='  ,6F 0Fg ' ( l /  ·/'/H 6'  !  _  , \6H 7- ! ‹69  ,8  6C& % d(  3C a\&( ! 46/ Z- ,<H% 1 2( EB >.    [0 *#7 q  " 1F . <c  ( >6H O% d o \`( +2r a `F % 6/ ¢/  , [ %B - #$ )3@ ! 1F . 1 % #/- K% @ ¯ 0Fg  D' \\&3 ' ( \6H ‰ ./@ D/ S# 1 "‹69 ,' 3C ]10"30C 89  )3@ LF \6H [ 6r 8C G \6H a8. & 1 ‹69 ,6@ 60 ' (  £  xT  idF '!  Z- ®T 2&  ' ( a\& 8^  , 8 )/9  K   £ h6 ,1F .  0@e( D! "D .3 8 j 60 +\3/Ÿ H _ 6FF .  6-W/M =  " : X ]11"8C  Wr K 0@e3 y.r qA H *$ D/ 606¥ ‹ 8r b ;H < ‚A : ,+ 8. ' ®T &  ' ( a\&  ~ 8 8.  C3;  ( G ' ' ( _ 7( 8 8^   ( ®T 2& 6/0 " :‹69  ( 3c D- 62d$ , 6p  6.6.r ‫ﺑ‬ª  8# _ X30 W_ 6F8( K -' 6H .u !% M - [%/# 6F8( K &5  ! ,­ % / % 8 Z- + 6.  K% ~ D/ 4# ,.&d ,"S/ Ž9 ,n=C " XB 6' 8 ‚A  #R ,6-W/M  6V% /  Z- [%8. j 60 ‫ﺛ‬i/ Z- [%8.  Š 09g ,ŽM   %d ,.u ,3L/ ,h&' ]12"¥ d [86U G 6f  aW/!  >/6C.- ¨Jf    a N9 ,1 / v  8\f  ! ,®T 2&  ' ( [2H \6C- ‰6' D/ K .C='( D!  ! < K!S o M%  8 v b % 3/@ 8 v  ! ,6' 8  6F8( K 6=( _ ¯8( <3/;( [  ,6@ 60  6-W/M 1ed  06'2 m )\/F ,> M% +C  ,,  1F .  8  C K G <6“ + 8.$ H Z- »H q  ,‹ 8r D&H" :' ( 8 £  %\¦ EB ‚A k  , 8C a8.( G vF 6C3- K8 '!  £S/ Ž#0 +\'6 6§  ,K #M   y.r    0/ _' ( <6“ ' ( . ]13"­ ]]]D-W/M <R(  y  1C  v'   8 ,636.  6R  6' 8 ‫ ﺑ‬: ;/$ D/ K .(  -3Ÿ Z- ' (  a.$ :| W6H x / 8#- 09 ’ ' \5JC K .(  ! 6-W/M )/9 ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(19) 2017   14

(20)   23   ‫ א

(21) אא‬. 410. ¼ +\' H  aN{ _'   12/ Žd  v' 860~ ' ( :" ]<3/;( >  q  v'/  ~ 4 0/  1CL/     C  :    1 1F . Z- <R   ' ( 860~ M  : 6F Q  D. +\¥W/F Z- `' £b [  0( a8R Z- <3/;(  G 7- <R  +2L 1¢/ 1F . Z- K -WU  H _ v'/ >M  ,+\/H .Q  +\R-  +\/60'M  +\/.# q <'( 6FF . K FW7 a8. 1 H a N9  oS./@    : 1 D3{ 1 ]14"6@ 60  6F8( y.r Z- KS 8$   *#$% ‹69 ­ % /  K %=$ £- 8R ' ( 4C=5 1i O%8F '!  ' ( 4C=5  " :>' ,K #M   y.LC 8L( 1F .  *#$% W , (  ' ( a\& oW/@ p <M ‹69 ]]]+\/ /  16. ,g >6B y=$ AB &C/½ %5 _$ !  civities ' (  civis ( ‰C3/@ 8.H ,6F   6F F6 _$% 7r EB ]15"¯   ¯ F6 &C j 60  ¯F . <c 8 8L/ _$% 7r  )'u/@ 8.  ,_6'6‫ ﺛ‬Z- b/. 6Q % .9 6F F6 [% 7r  ' ( ‰F  8. ' ( I9 4'3 D'6‫ ﺛ‬1F . 2 ž >' ,86#  o &  G 0'  G T ' ( I9 1 q ,)=@ %5  *.H _6- =Rg 3d6 a\&( ! 8/ 8. ,*.H  Rg ;( l /  , &C 6@ 60  6-W/M F 2( EB H cg  ,*.H »% ‚C3 ( ' ( I9 : À _3\ _Q8L ‫ﺛ‬i/ ' ( a\& %=$" ‚A 8 ,<63;C 9 / 2$ ž ' ( H ,1789 a - 60F& [%u P ‰‫ ﺗ‬D/ z #(  ,1776 a - [8L/( K  oS./@ 1S-B Š ' 1  oS./@ 1S-B > G M  oS  ' ( a\&  6V% $ o^ =.F ‰F 2H Ž9 p ! Žd 1 k% .C ' +\6H C6p R.9 +t 1   0/ 8 6“ [2H Z- D'# ' ( a\& Š @ 4#piH ,60F& [%u > KG M  ! ,[ 60 G '‫   ﺑ‬3 , 1 0Fm &C 6@ @ y.9 M [2H [ 60 Ž9 p Žd  ]16" 6F Q Žd :êe†ÇÖ]†ÓËÖ]»íß]ç¹]æàè‚Ö] −2 ,®T 2&  RS  ! K 8 EB F 'FmH ,' (   8 _ RS EB [   [ 6r Z- 06'2 '36! % 0LF 8 %  ' ( 2d$ 8" . @ FA W ‹69 ! Š ' [ 6L IC/ W6H 6@ 60 [ 6LC  #( \\6M$ <M $ , %  6-W/M ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(22) 411. 2017   14

(23)   23   ‫ א

(24) אא‬. . 1 20  Žd _ − % − ‚C(  8 _ RS M <M N  % 0LF Z- t 1 k$ 8 1 W R.9 \6C- > 1 ,>/ 8 1 d Žd M Y [ # A } EB o8  Š ' <H +\ Œ Ž#@ - S7H ]]]Ž¥ ± p  R.9 Žd ! v b v6f]]]6F b' 6' 8 <6d 8$ ! Ž#0 ! ,>$S2d( S9 ' ( 8#  C#. 1 Z- Š ' à [8d  89 ‰TC )/9 /&  ! K3/@  ‹69 \'6 /&  1 ! Œ 8#3 3C0 1 ,' ( 8# EB D' 8 ./- : ;/ 1. $ G*# ]17"Nd ' ( x 0/F 1 o{  6' 8 [86.  £S/ 06'2 =C0 % 0LF  <M $ ¦  K\¦ ' ( 1 GS; 4c ¨' ! 1B nC/½ _ 6&¥  K -  % ‰H- 1 8 p  ,6@ 60  6F8( 8 4 5 +µ G 8. 1 H  <H !  ,o //R  x9 /H  >/##@  ,6' 8 n¥ = D/  6. [2H %  K\¦ '!  ,06'2  O FŒ u3(  8 o8 8C. H ; : ~ 23 [86.  £S/ 1  u3/$ 6@ @ [2H 80~ 1 K % 1C#. H M  ! ,[86. o8 (   h 8.$ l /  ,GW/F h&' 1'e 3c H 89  [86.  £S/  #. q  a  G 7& X ' ( [2H ZK^ QSQ 1 q%2 &6C |-" k '!  , !:% 6. 8 !  8 8M % B 6 .3 8 6. 8  ' ( z # ‰@% D/ D! %  ‰Q89 C 2/ k¢ :[ ( ]]]06'2 < OC( v  ;6/F 6. 8 : −1 \'- ·/F]]]Žd  8 _  #/( M r ;6/F ‰F  D/ 6@ 60 % d( −2 ]]] #/ y.L £ N- ]]]1F . +29 −3  % d( : À Ä r b  ' ( h@   # _@ @ EB +!89 d W ]18"Œ ŽF M  _' ( <6“ _ [  0(  ,ŽF M  +2r o Ÿ  & 2H .'$ 1 6' 8 K - bC  8# a8.$ 1 ' ( [2H ‰- =/@ 8. 8 EB >3 8.$ EB 06'2   8C G + 8.$  & ‰Cà ‹69 ,<@ o Ÿ EB I6c y.r 4' 1F . 1 W ,n¥ = _ v b : ~   ! ‚A  Ž#0  ,1F .  %  DV% / oL/ ! ,_ $ H  8  _% d G 7- +\' M , Hª ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(25) 2017   14

(26)   23   ‫ א

(27) אא‬. 412. ,1F . +29 ,6. 8  E M%8  ‰=#$% D/ ' ( [2H %\¦ EB k  y.L 1W g EB z #( ‚C$  K  8. , H [ 69 1ef Z- 60'2 [=60  X  r [2H KR ‹69 , &  8 _ o #/( £ N-   ,8   (  ( y.9 y u6 idF '! ,<63;C 9 / ‰L#p  ,% 2H  !, [  0(  ]' (  :  ( y.9 K 89 D/ z #(   F 1 23  ]6'  t GW/F Š @ Z- [89  6' 6R ¦  _' ( _ [  0( ]a `' P &2/ 6H .Q  5/R  6@ 6@ 6-W/M y.9  (  OS/ ]­ ]]]6-=$ oW- ,86'~ ,Ž¥ Ä ,<3/;(  8  ~ K #M   ( 3^   #( j 60 o ;( ¢- >' 8   [%5 O% d 1  ( y .L/@ ] Å   6L7/ M% EB H - T WC- 86dF >$ % 2 C  (  G ]19">C6#@. & ‰C.F ,®T 2&  ' ( [2H ‰C2f D/ K .C='(  z #( D!  ! ,Æ'2 <3/;( [NH ‰X ,:% C G EB  8C G  1W g  <3/;(  ,6. 8C 0@e ,06'2 =C0 ‚  [: ;/ ¯WC ¯8( <3/;( EB % .'/ ,[ ( Q 8r  K ,6T K 3/;(  6V% /  C = K - b ‰X D/ ]8 8M D3- G 7H ‰.C D/  :êe†ÃÖ]†ÓËÖ]»íß]ç¹] −3 8#H , 6FF R 6@ 6@ >6B & GW/F   a\& Z- ®T 2&  ' ( ‰6' 8. h6 ,6. 8C & G 4#p , 6@ 6@ 6-W/M  6V% $ ^ % ‰H- 1 ‹69  ( K #M  y.L o8 $ @  _F R ‰HN- 1 €89 ,06'2 =C0 ]]] \ \R.9 ' ( 4S 8 8^ Z- \3`F u 8r o8 $ @ K%" Gc Z- ' ( ‫ (  ﺑ‬K &p  8 8^ Z- C  K N& +`'  ! ‰M%  6H .Q 6V% $ [83/( 6M( !% 5 !2&$ < '  x% d Ž-/0$ K .C=' 8 8^  ¼ <3/Ÿ   N  6@ 60 I¥ Q   #$ 8$ EB ‚A k ]]] 6'  ]20"r 5 ' ( a\& ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(28) 413. 2017   14

(29)   23   ‫ א

(30) אא‬. . 6FF . K #M   y.r K 89 ' ( " ‰'6 8R $ @8 +` 1 +,H  ,' ( "  ( a\& 8 8^  \'6 #2 £S/ ÇLCF '? B , \6' ( ‰H- 1 8 ,8  & #R  \ N9  \36`'$ ŽÈ D/ K #M   y.r D! >FB ,' 3C 8 8M a\& \¦ ,( ! ` Ž#0 [# K T$ o8  K 3/;( 6V% /  6-W/M  6H .u K -'/  K HS/  K T/(  : ;/ q  a\&( ' (  e 8 8M I=' »& ( ‰@ ‹69 ,63d  [89 4 5 6' 8  G @ ‰ u 89 & \8. D/ K G o : 6. 8 ‰6/&/    6(  , K G 7&   k q  ,D(   ( \¦ '!  ,6' a 6-W/M ‰F . & I6$ D/ M r  8r <6“ ‰ : ! !  £8t 1  ,  H   k   8 + 8\/   6(  ' (  !  k  O '! 1  ,>/ 9 >$ A I6.^ Z]>3/Ÿ . & 2d$ D/ 6H .u K HS/  K t  :àè‚Ö]æíß]ç¹] −4 x 09 Z-  EB GW/F  %d Lf EB )0$ 6. K 6' ‰F  8.  ! ,:%  t 6L7/ ƒ% H  ‰-%: X M% EB ,k K 63/'( D3{ 1 M  >0&' 6L7 >' F R >0&F & a8. \6H ,6' ƒ  £  q  Š8.(  ,6@8.  np$ ‰L#p  8 1 2 a6 6' ‰C9 8. ,:% L/  8 <M $ 6. K 6' ‰CT/@ 8. ,)TC$  H$  :% h§ 1 ŽÈ <3/Ÿ  >/C  s'\2 <3/;(  % @B ‰2H 1 8 ,b 1 0Fg 8 8M ' 6'  ! ‰6' 8. ,K #M  # ‚A 8 ># = +Q ,6F8( y.r  &C £N ¯8 I.^ 1 X 2m >? H \6H k% D/ 6c $ @8  _F .  h@ Z- ' (  Ž9 - d ^ 1 ' ( ‰ 9 '!  , 8 6R  +!%^ 1 ,+µ 93  G 1i _#$ 1 ‰ 9 X W , 8 - d  >C6#@  K(  ,>CM  6L7/  ]' (   8 À  , 6.F  Z- 1 &. ,869 89  £= B a8. '!  , 8 & n} K8  .(  ,k.$ K8 ' ( & 1 Ç9 8.H  8 ‚C$ oS9B \- #‫ ﺗ‬o 9 ‹69 ,:% K % f +6@  <c  K 6' K8   +µ 3/Ÿ  !83/@ D/  H P e D/ K 8./(  z #(  K % d : b/' 1 G > a8. 1 >6C- 1 0F 8 8M  Xi 6' K8 ,+µ86.ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(31) 2017   14

(32)   23   ‫ א

(33) אא‬. 414 ]>$ % f. ,' ( = % D!  ,a2L(  + r _ u 8r K 3/;(  = % KidF '!  M >6C- ‰6'  ! ,>¥ # >36R  8 - 86 ,K #M   y.r  K RS 8^ ]6 .3 8 \6H W [ ( +r 3`? :Ýø‰ý]æíß]ç¹] −5 +6.   ./@ I  LF +C0( 8f$ 1 \H8! C f   [86. aS@g G M 8. h@ 8. , 5/R  6@ 60 ,6-W/M   & [ 6r K Ÿ   ‚A ,Cc & a 29 ‰'6 W ,K #M   y.r Z- ‰6' D/ aS@g  +C@ >6C-   Zp o@ ]_6  ,  _6   G @ ,+!, _ +\'6 ,+\'6 W6H _3C0( _ RS 1 M  >3°   > _ É ,[ 6r  >M /{   > 89 q  >' 8 +C0( " #$% 1B >/RS- ‰=c & P  AB D/ K #M   y.r aS@g 89 ‹69     +6. >6C- Ž$N P a 6. 1 W ,.- >6C- Ž$N P oSg 1  '!  ,>$ 69 >' 8 ,> ¢/ ,   [86.  ,¤% Ê   8  & G '  aS@g IC=F 8. ,x Q M  ,%  +'p  # 12  ,     12 a8. 1 ŽÈ q  G ¢  G _ [ (    8# 1mH '!  ,ËSg 8# EB > op  ,O [86.- -  B ,   »% <6“ 1 8./ +C0( 1 ,  ' ( 8# Z- )'#$ ž +!, _3C0( ][86.C G   8 h 8.$ C6 G 6f    »% h 8.$ o '!  y .f £S  >6B .$

(34) 6#5  6C#. aS@g x% 9 8.H K .C='(  !   1T L#p +µ% 79 ‰=LF  13C0( nc 1 8 2    - /  TCT/$ &=$ 6T % 2H  K % d K8 ,K  0.F  K -' +\'6 K\¦ ,+\c% k8 6' % f : ‹ 8r b D&H" ,+µ 6C@ +!2&$ >M$ +µ F 6 EB 6'   % d  ! 1 6H  2 ž ' ( % f. $ ]]]  ‫ ﺗ‬- _3C0( ]21"u 8r 6T [% 7r K 6=  WX ¤% Ê  %/0 ' (  :ÄÛj+]ÜéÏeíß]ç¹]íÎø −6 EB 5F ,­ % / 9  ¢- !%=$ ' ( a\& *#c  . 0 K .C='( oS  1 8 u 8$ 8R ,6T [% 7r K .C=' +6. >‫ﺗ‬idF %\¦  *#$% % f X AB >? # k  ,>36R  8C 7R ' \& 4#p 8.H '!  ,6FWC +6. +-8$ ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(35) 415. 2017   14

(36)   23   ‫ א

(37) אא‬. . +6. ' ( ‰3/! 8.H l /  , 6.F  Z- WXi , 8 & ‰  ' ( & ‰  6 .3 8 3`? K8M '! , 8  t RS-    8  @ @ *#$$ [8 8M - o5&( ¯8( <3/;( v 80;/ +6.  ! Z- K83/- ‹69 , \/ c 6 ¢6C !, [  0(  %L/ +6R D! <3/;( 0$ 1 ŽÈ D/ +6. 1i FW B ,K'\2   8 \.  63d  *C0/  & 5C½ ,$ @8  _F . P KG M D/ +6.  ] 6H .Q <3/;(  ‫ﺛ‬i/  @ 60  +2r  % d(  Ir H ‰L' X W , g  S! ;/ , 0$ 1 ŽÈ 6 ÈB W6R \6H k ŽF U !  ' ( EB `' q   *#7$" Nd +6R EB a 2/9  8  1  '!  ,K 3/;(  H _ K HS/ <3/;( 12 1 ! 6 È '  I6.L/ r 1  ‚  \# = e$ K -WU 9 K# $ k  ,> 0@e( K -WU  P 86./$ D/ Nd( +6.  [8- R EB 8'/0. 8/ <3/Ÿ 5{  8 EB 8'/0 DRS a `F ! [%±  <3/;( 1 :F@%  +$  8 Z- [83/( 6L60(   \6 +6. 1 .6.9  >2@ § Z- 2  :u K H .u >6H 4#p q  8r EB , H K 65Jf  6$ A \@, 6-W/M D'#  \06@i$  %5 6FWC K -W;C  6' 8 K -3;(  q & K  / % #/- 66# Nd( =   ! 1  a. 1 <3/;3C 23  ,+6.C 0@e( "W? < .H / ]22" 8 Z- [83/( +6.C. B 6 .3 8  ' ( +6. xT G - +,% ,nC/} K 3/;( +6R 1mH '!  [% 7r >6C- ‰6' q  DL60( q \6  8  [% ;/ .6.r  +6. ‚C$ 1 B  8 a µ 23  W ,6F 0FB +6R IC   8 #/@ 23  >' , \36R \¥ # 6T ]G 5Rg  63d +6R Š2  ,' ( +6R Š2  >?i  8 +6R EB >$`F >36R <3/Ÿ  2 1i £ N- IC=' ! v'/  8/  1W g 1B ž  Z- >cH +6T   ¤A3F ÈB EB )0F 1 23  ,[  0(   r  ' ( " ,n'  nCJ/  6M Z- Ì.  a8./ +6R 80È DQ 89 ¤A3' ! 1 %¢3 Š ? ¤  B £8\/0$ 67R   8 a LRB  :^ \M  ! n V  O '! 1  ‚f \36. 6 .3 8 1 \M  ! x Lp  k ‹69 ,&C/½ K H .Q F  1CL/' ]23"' ( \6B 2$$ [8- R 6u3/ 6H  Nd( ?6F 0FB ,Nd [89  6 .3 8 +6R 1i o.  ! ƒ=( o e0 2 ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(38) 2017   14

(39)   23   ‫ א

(40) אא‬. 416. ,1 0Fg y.9 ' (  6 .3 8 +6R ¨V W6H ¤  I='3  / xT 1B :% oS9B 6F8(  6@ 60 [ 6r  >¥ 5RB 6T [% 7r £   8 #/@ H  8 H ,6' Z- % 6 h6 '  4#5 )/9  ( P e [86.- \CM [8 8M ]¯ 0Fg 8# SH 3^ D/ D! +6.  ! 1 W ,‚A  8 W6R 3{ ! £8t  ,' ( &0C& h@e >CM 0$ 1 ŽÈ D/ +6. EB ®T 2& [`F 1B  ! W% ,%=/  a8./ IC=' !% #/-  , 8 - [86 D! +6. IC=( G + 8.$  )/9  ,xT  q8/.$ 1 )0$ 6-6d [¥  ‰M D/ o8  u <H. −<3/;(  [8¥ 0 +6.  2d/$ ' ( 1 .6.9 −.6.r  !" ,6S@g o8 D/ D! +6. ‚C$ v #$B ,  )/9 <63U  - D! a.$ ,<63U \ x ;/ ‹6L :u _R/0(  a µ 17H aS@g  ' ( ‫ﻟ‬i0  _u9 #  8- ‰CM   `& 1 ;L aS@g Z-  § Ž , ' ( a\& 1 8e q  h  % F ]24"6 TC  M , 6F8( 1ed  O% d( D' q  ®T a\&(   & !83/0 D/ +6. D! ' ( +6R 1i Œ ' ( [2& ®T 2& `F 8. %85 8 1 23 SH  8  ,>'6F . <3/;( ! !%85 1mH l /  ,<3/;( # , ' ( [2H 1 h  % F o u _R/0(  u ¢/- '!  , \36R ' 3C  W ,6F8(  6' 8 [ 6r _ 5&  aS@g 1 % #/- Z- ,6 TC  aS@g [2H Lc _R/0( Ge! Z- %  O '! 2 ,[ 6r  <3/;(  & %8 £N ' ( [2H µ 6  3^ aS@g  "+C0" `& 1 ¢/- ‹69 ,aS@g  ' ( *#$ aS@g  ' ( a\&3H ,<3/;( H _ K #M   y.r aS@g 89 ‹69 3C2 I = 1B]]] ,' ( y.L </3/C  B S!e ¨Jd aS@B 12 ‹6L" , 8  <M   h6 +C0 3C D! + 8. DS@g 4C=5(     b ,KWC0(  ‰F  DS@g <3/;( K 8  j 60  D' 8 <3/;(  ! 1 EB ‚A )'(  j 60 <3/;(  C   %H  7 WC0 >F +2L & </3/ ‹69 13C0(  :a\&( ! %\d( ‹ 8r 3{ ,=d' ' 3C q%\3U   ,® Èg _“ Š '  2¥S(    ' >6CH WC0 .9  +! F  +\/  )0  ,[89  +\/A G 0' `F 3d$ "_3C0( "`& 1i q% J# Z- IC( o.  +C0 q% J#  % ]25"o &  ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(41) 417. 2017   14

(42)   23   ‫ א

(43) אא‬. . z # [86.- +6R EB $ 6Q N tp \/.6.9  ' ( 1i o.F 1 23 >' TC  +\% d   ,>R >' >c%  ~ & > d %f D! ,<3/Ÿ   aS@g  .6.r  D! ,K #M   y.r  [  0( D! µ .C=' , 8  ­ % /  _3C0(  1 ,>' 1  <6“ 1i d +C0( 1 ,k +`'  \' <@ 1 0Fg _ 12$ 1 #R >% 1 0Fg _ * % D! @8.( K #M   y.r 1 W ,>F B 1 EB H cg  ,>/6F 0FB I6.^ 8 $ X IC='  >/ aN{ +C0( 1 W ,1 0Fg >6 )3^ 1'  +\H ,K #M  +\6C- y.9 +t aS@g »%    !  _3C0( , Cu  G| DS@g ­ % /  ,+C¦ 1 ,

(44)   5/R +\r 5 6' 8 +\/ 9  8. +µ 9 K% p 8.H +!, »%  _3C0( £S Z- ,‚A Z- [8! d ]    - 8\=c  ,( \/cH D/ K T/ ‚  [ 0 %=/  T/  vF £$ a6 ' (  : ;/ q  D(   ( a\& 4=0 Z- & ,6(  ' ( \`$ K8 ‹69 ‰06 ' ( 1 8i/ P ,K 6.C [  6'  )30  \¦ ,.67 K 6. a N9 D! 6' 1B ,: +\¥ C +\#9 \`6 # > )'T/ % f Ÿ ¤A3F »H   [2H H% ,q% 7r   .u v'/  8/  1W g  1 0Fm 1 0Fg a8- ¼ G 5RB @% Y l /  ,ž$ F2$ 1 ŽÈ D/ +6. !% #/-  '6 +6R ] M >36. £ N- :íß]ç¹]_‚fÚðç0ÞØÚ]ç −7 EB E M%8  <7} k EB  2H `'  nC/V ' ( a\&3H '!  ,‹ 8r b  u K: 8R ' ( ‰F  1B ,q8. D' 8  D-W/M € ( @ @ ' ( 8#( ‹ 8r £ d/ [ -B *#$% " ‹69 ,   -3;(  ‚ H ,6@ 60 % d( y =F <6@$ \6F Q ,6' 8 : t :€SQ 6V% $   ]26"1F . [ 6@ \u Q )30  %\¦ ,6 ¢6C 6 .3 8 %\¦  ‰À @ D/ D! €Su    ! o8 :  »%  C G 18. H >6H 4#p q  ,¯8( <3/;(  y.L 1W g  60F& [%u 8 \¥ # _$  ' ( K : 8R ,[86.   8 €Su   ‚C$ ‰F  8.H >6C- ,8  6@ 60 % d(  +!%  H ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(45) 2017   14

(46)   23   ‫ א

(47) אא‬. 418. % 0( 7Í D! ,xT  6 ¢6C 6 .3 8 \'- ‰.u#F D/ 6@ @ K =L( "  u3 60F& [%u % 5/F 8 [8 & 6-' µ&R ‰..9 D/ ¯8( <3/;( y u#F DV% / DR  a8./ LF 8M  Î  =  3'/ >$ % 0  xT ž  [63( 30 4#5/ ]27"! ( +,% xTC DV% /  / IC='  >FmH u 8r 6S@g o8  aS@ #0'   8 Z-  ' ( 4C=5 1 Ç9SF 'FmH ,DS@g ž  x p q  nCJ/ >' ,6FWu 8C 6% Q 8r o < ‚A  $ "" 4C=5  6FWu 1839 '@ F JC * ! ¯ =C@ 1 H  ‰F   3C \6H ‰8J/@ " [ oiH. : _R   4C=5 % ‹69 >/C >/ Z- a6H  >$, 8 /$ q  ¯Wu 1 0Fg - *Ê €8^ 8'- :o ]>' >/# ] Z- `H L( D!  0 3\ ¢/- 8'- :¯ u  ­ % /  , EB h6 , EB 13C0( \6H d D/ E [( D!  ! x- 1u9  a µ ! H% 8R ,6S@g  " 4C=5 a 8J/@  H 9 DS@g ,<3/;(  '- _ K #M  y.9 D! ‹69  ' ( 137 3^ `& O '! 1 '6 ]28"+C0 D! `&C  ! ,K #M  > 6R y.L >/§ D'  8 - 8'/0( 6S@g 8  & aS@B 1B G \.& a8J/@ 8R ,6'  ' (  C .67 [`' : ;/ aS@g 1mH '!  '!  ,13C0 P D/  9/&( »% p  6H TU .# Z- 8C  `& 8  & _ RS- aS@g  ' ( ‰F  >6C- "aS@g % " 4C=5 8J/@ 8.H ]K #M   y.r Z- 3¥ R  1i O%8F 1 <6=/0F 'FmH ,6M 8 g K  8J/@  ' ( a\& F M AB   ,6@ @ ! '- 8 6 È ' ( EB d   +29 a `F  1F R ]6'  ' ( 8c  < >?i Œ 1   ¼ 1 1F R n5F 1 <6=/0F Víß]ç¹]†‘^ß −8 H$  8 ' (  ! id'$ D2 ,K #M   y.r  2#d *#$$ ' ( 1B" :6 /  ' ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(48) 419. 2017   14

(49)   23   ‫ א

(50) אא‬. . ]8 r * c 1F R EB 8'/0 + 9 a `F   −1 ]+µ GW/F 8/$  8L/$ 1'  −2 ‚C$ _ RS- id'/H K #M   y.r 1 #/  \6C- 1d6   »% −3 ]29"%8 b'-  a 6R 8'-  ' a `F  1F R   '37/  '- XB ,' ( & [ 8L(  ' D!  ! +6.  o#.  ,'6 K 6e0 3^ , t  GW/F  %d  Š 09g EB H cg  ]<3/;3C 6@ 60  6-W/M Ï6  >6B D3/' q   _  ( 1 0Fg _ −- &$ q – C- & ' ( 1B" 8 SH ,K #M   y.r  8 8 \6C- _H _ RS- X - &$ RS- D! ,>6H >/ ! aN{ >$86.- D3{ q  C _C  >¥  ( GW/F 12 1 ' ( a 6. ­ % /  TC ‰ Q   t  !  '-   2 \'- <H 8  \6B D3/'  P e  aC/0 >'  ( G _' (   t G - u§ D/ »%  ,  x ¼  +6.  ]30"G 8 ! 3/@

(51)   ! G 8-  G ¢ ,>6B GW/F   t  %d EB q

(52) " #$% : ;/   SH & *#$ '!  >H8 >' 1  >' >? *.H h6 ,>CM  K3 8R  ,K 6L7/  > a8.6H  '#/ D' ŽM  4#5/ 6#5  6. \/&p 6' '! l /  8.&/H ,>/ à >'- v H8C \L'3 y.9 Z- o5r  ŽM   %d ! IC='  ,>% Ð 1 M  & Z- ‰'#F 8R 6T ' ( 1 o.$ .6.9 Z- 8eF 1 23 '! , 3C  ][86.   8 Z- ‰'#F 8.H aS@g  W'6 ,y- h'M 1  6#5- 6R K .C=' K 6   u  > 8J/@ Ñ6@ q  4C=5( ! ,6' Z- aS2 23 '!  6' 1B ,'6 +6R - v H8  '6 [2H F M  6M8  ­H  # >R ' ( H 8  qTC % U  W\7# 1 /=#$ 1 /`&" À ' ( D'$ \/.6.9  1 2( EB x 0/F D'$ \7& Ž0L 6'  '6 »% EB x 0/F q  TM x 0/F ]31"1 0Fg >'/0 q  ‰=#$% 8.H 6' W'6 , TU 1 2(  ‰=#$% 8R ' ( 1mH ‚A  +,  1 "6S@g    ' ( " :> /  , M x / 8#- 09 ’ o. '! ,%d  EB Lc  [% fB   Ž9 )'3 si$ 6' H 8C# G( G - ¢$ & - 6' " ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(53) 2017   14

(54)   23   ‫ א

(55) אא‬. 420. 1 0Fg ~ Š&'  Cpi/ [ ,  ŽLH]]]  " #$%  Žr - d AB > Ž7T  +M! AB >'- <H 8  ,>'- x , AB >6B { ,>6H G .# EB 4 N0 ]32" &/F ®T 2&  6' [2H 1 Z- 86i/ EB  M x / 8#- 09 ’ Ž!  M  , 8C  Ž! 3C GW/F  G z #3 e 2H #!  ‰L#p 8R  ( ®$ 1 SH ‰- =/@ 8R , 8  [86.C G o8 j 60 2& )'#/$ K 6R IC EB ‚A k  ,.C=( : Š 0( 23  @8. ' 4#5$  ,‚A Z- x #d ‚A I6.L/ +@   % Z- K 6' ‰c" ‹69 , 8 <M $ 6#5 1 6T  ‰Cu§ D/  ,®T \\&3 ' ( ‰#;? D/ D! 6'  ! , 8 +@  D! 7/ 86 6' =  Z- G ' ,K #M   y.r o #$ ‹69  1 20  + r _ RS1  G @ ,1  G q Z-  EB G + 8.$ D'$ ®T a\&(  6' H , 8 >$% fg Š '  >/-WU 6H TU >/.# G )0 C G  ,£-  [86.]33"]]]] D' 86d'  +C  +\36R +\¥ #  u - 6' K 6. a  H >8R q  o: '/ \;¥ /F  Ž! (  \5$ 1 u 8r 6. K 6' ‰ 9  ,GW/F Š @ ‰L#p ‹69  k¢ K: '$ + 8.$ \6'  Z- ‰cH 1 M% EB [89  .$  C(  8¥ .  +X Z- Get `F ‹69 , 8 aS@g >7H%  ! W% , \'- v H8  \6B GW/F M ,+6! &(  % 2H  ! x% 9  'H ,¯   8 1 2 1 0F 8 8M  C{ 1 18  6# < R '/ >M/ !"1 , 8  [86. < )fW/ a\& G @%g )@  .(  +6. +C0( >S  k q  % `'( D! 6S@g [86. H ,  [86.- aS@g Ž! 3 6'  , #'  >' ¨CJ/ \&   >C#. [86. IH  Y ,Ž! (  % 2H  , F37 S2f aS@g \7H ,[86.C G Z- x N  C G a8. q2H ]34"GW/F  C 1 8 aS@g EB GW/F H 7H % ,q8. GW/F Z- 8e6 ,®T a\&(  6' aS@g H% 8.H '!  2& C 1 M  ,[86.   8 z #  tS9B  :% »% h 8.$  q   1 ,6#! (  6#5 [`' l /  : ;/  ,[

(56) - 1 0Fg %f ƒ% 6' 1i 8eF 1 <6=/0F '?   ' 8.& >$ #- >$86.- Š%W 1 +C0( >6H <6=/0 ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(57) 421. 2017   14

(58)   23   ‫ א

(59) אא‬. . +6! &  % 2H X %¢3 , \7H% 23 SH   [86.-  8 < »% /$ ž AB ' (  EB I#@ 8R 1 0Fg  d 2 ·  [ 6r K Ÿ 2  f  8 aS@g 1 ,6, ]6'  ' (  ,1 0Fg y.9 ,K #M   y.r [2H G @%B  V5Ú]ç6] ]21 Ë ,2011 ,1" , b( Ž/2 % ,b ,6S@g    ' ( , M x / 8#- 09 ’ −1 ] \0&F L&5 ,>0&F <M( −2 ]25 : ¼ ,/ [%@ −3 ]22 Ë ,I @ <M ,6S@g    ' ( , M x / 8#- 09 ’ −4 ] \0&F L&5 ,>0&F <M( −5 ] \0&F L&5 ,>0&F <M( −6 ]66 Ë ,2001 ,02 8- ,® #./0( CŸ ,6. 8  ' ( a\& ,q%2 &6C |- −7 ]56 Ë ,2006 "  , %8'2@g ,6 U H( % ,vW/M +C- Š R ,1Œ ‹6, n - 83 −8 ]87 Ë ,2001 "  ,K , 63  ,6-W/M aC +; ,y/ ‚ %8 H − 9 ,6 [89 K @ %  ,6 1 8C#  6 .3 8  ' ( ,1Œ q% 2 &6C |- −10 ]36 ,35 ,Ë Ë 2001 ,K 11− 12. Patrick John] I The Concept Of Citizenship In Educational Resources á Information Center á Eric ; Ed] 432532á 1999á file] II A áp p]8á 12] − kahne jand á westheim]er]Jin the Service of what ? the politics of Service] Learning phidelta] Kappan]779 1996 á p pá 9 á593]. ]07 Ë ,2008 ,1" ,1 0Fg y.9 K @ %8 [! .  ,[! . ,' ( ,q:H 4 @ −13 ]23 Ë ,I @ <M ,6S@g    ' ( , M x / 8#- 09 ’ −14 ]24 Ë ,>0&F <M( −15 ]25 Ë ,>0&F <M( −16 www ] kelab pedia] pedia] Com ]07_06 Ë Ë ,' ( &0CH ,q86 1 à 8#- −17 www ] kelab pedia] pedia] Com ]07 Ë ,' ( &0CH ,q86 1 à 8#- −18 www ] kelab pedia] pedia] Com ]08 Ë ,' ( &0CH ,q86 1 à 8#- −19  M CŸ ,DS@ %`'   8.F @ % , ( ®T 2&  ' ( ,  4 p  1Wu- −20 ]224 Ë 2003 ,19 a ,1 8 ,Id. www ]Kelab pedia] pedia] com ]06 ,05 Ë Ë ,' ( &0CH ,q86F 1 à 8#- −21 ,02 8- ,® #./0( CŸ −6@ 60 -W;C q86C./ a\&(  `' [ -B − q8'H x ! 8#- −22 ]152 Ë 2011 ]152 Ë ,>0&F <M( −23 ]144 Ë ,I @ <M _6@ 60 -W;C q86C./ a\&(  `' [ -B _ q8'H x ! 8#- − 24 ]145 Ë ,I @ <M ,6@ 60 -W;C q86C./ a\&(  `' [ -B q8'H x ! 8#- `F − 25 ]26 ,25 Ë Ë ,I @ <M ,®   6 .3 8  ' ( ,1Œ q%2 &6C |- − 26 aC  x ¼ 6C CŸ ,@%W(  a\&( 68M ,6 .3 8  ' ( ]]]¯8( <3/;( ,6Fp q86 −27 ]13 Ë ,2008 1 M ,D&F M ,‹ u  ¯ u 1 8 ¥ U ,[20 ,6-W/M  6F 0Fg ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß.

(60) 2017   14

(61)   23   ‫ א

(62) אא‬. 422. ]28−27 Ë Ë I @ <M ,6S@g    ' ( , M x / 8#- 09 ’ −28 ]31 Ë ,>0&F <M( −29 ]32 Ë I @ <M ,6S@g    ' ( , M x / 8#- 09 ’ −30 ]185 Ë ,>0&F <M( −31 ]186 ,>0&F <M( −32 ]187 Ë I @ <M ,6S@g    ' ( , M x / 8#- 09 ’ −33 ] \0&F L&5 ,>0&F <M( −34 íííííííííí íííííííííííííííííí íííííííííííííííííííííííííí ííííííííííííí ííííííííííííí íííííí ííííííííííííííííííííííííííííí. Religion position of the philosophy of citizenship Dr. Abdelghani BOUSSEKEK∗ Abstract: The meaning of citizenship is linked to the individual, which in turn is linked to the homeland in all its dimensions, The individual cannot be detached from the homeland. Although he can exceed the borders of the homeland to become a global citizen. We cannot be able to reach this noble dimension of citizenship unless we were able to create a public space where all determinants narrow down in favor of global determinants. Among starting points that determine the concept of citizenship and the actual practice is religious and political perspectives. Citizenship is not seen as a narrow view by religion, which is limited to the geographical borders of the homeland, symbols such as flag, or national anthem, but it believes in universality, Humanity and cosmic. Hence, religion can be starting points in the foundation of the global citizen. Whereas there are those who believe that citizenship is limited to the boundaries of political and geographical affiliation. Thus, the quest to reach a global citizen means the practice of violence and force of human against human. We must believe in multiculturalism, cultural and political. Keywords: citizenship, religion, the West, Islam, society, the individual, ethics. ________________________ *Maître de conférence “A” Département de Philosophie - Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Université Batna 1 LHadj Lakhdar ALGERIE. ÙØ Ûaìi@ÌÛa@†jÇ@N…@@@òäaì½a@òÐ ÜÏ@åß@åí†Ûa@ÑÓìß@.

(63)

Références

Documents relatifs

It reveals that the influence of different use situations (working style, MSS use case, and MSS access mode, along with the selection of the end-user device) is highly significant

Nous montrons qu’une structure de Poisson à 1-jet nul est holomorphiquement conjuguée vers une forme normale au sens de Dufour–Wade, au voisinage de son point singulier 0 ∈ C n ,

The content of this article, as indicated by its title, is to ask the possible existence of a philosophy of religion in Descartes' philosophical system under

In this chapter, you have moved your existing mail over to Gmail, integrated Gmail into your desktop, and looked at settings that will allow you to access Gmail from other

[r]

[r]

“ ﺢــﻠﻣ ﻦـﻣ ﺔــﺤﻠﻣو ماﻮـﻌﻟا رداﻮــﻧ ﻦـﻣ ةردﺎـﻨﺑ ﺖــﻌﲰ اذإ ﻚﻟﺬـﻛو. ﻞـﻌﲡ وأ ﺎﻨـﺴﺣ ﺎـﻈﻔﻟ ﺎـﳍ ﲑـﺨﺘﺗ نأ وأ ، باﺮـﻋﻹا ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘـﺴﺗ نأو كﺎـﻳﺈﻓ ،مﺎﻌﻄﻟاو ةﻮﺸﳊا

C’est ce que Kant a fait avec la philosophie de la religion notamment, il a examiné les vérités religieuses un examen rationnel libre, et a fait une