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This issue is dedicated to one of the first and most important monographic campaigns of the Sociological School: Fundul-Moldovei, 1928

Ce numero est dedie a l'une des premieres et des plus importantes campagnes monographiques

de !'Ecole Sociologique: Fundul-Moldovei, 1928

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A Gesture / Un geste

The lack of time influenced the evolution of the Sociological School in Bucharest at two dif- ferent moments. The first time, at its very peak, when the dimension of the proj ect as well as the stress of a working-team overwhelmed by other responsibilities led to the publication of fewer books as compared to the number of undergo- ing research. Th ere was really no time for more.

Afte rwards, there was no time left at all. The war stopped th e fieldwork research, the Communist regime that came into power after the war sent some of the researchers to prison and some oth- ers abroad; as about the very fe w that remained, they were prevented from putting to work their experience and data gathered through the years.

A 'silent' time for the Sociological School fol- lowed. Later on, a wind of so-called 'rehabilita- tion ' occurred, but its res ult wa s to co nfuse rather than to clarify things.

F in ally, afte r 19 8 9 , while n o thin g seemed to keep the sociologists and ethnologists from getting closer to the inheritance and critic- ally reevaluate what the Sociological School meant before and what it could mean today, the lack of time has become an issue again . Actually, even if the feeling th at there is no tim e left for such a preoccupation could be overco me, I really have no idea what mysteri ous formula or strategy could fa cilitate a real and useful tak e-over of that inher-

Le manque de temps a laisse son empreinte a deux reprises sur la destinee de l'Ecole sociologique de Bucarest. En pleine gloire, le temps a manque aux amples projets de l'equipe, debor- dee par un nombre toujours croissant d'activites - la plupart de ses membres etaient atteles a de nombreuses autres tach es; tout ce travail n ' a donn e en consequence que relative ment peu de livres, par rapport aux nombreux ouvrages en chanti er. Et en suite le temp s s'est arrete. La guerre a bloque toute rech erche de terrain. Le regime communiste instaure apres-guerre a jete plusieurs ch ercheurs clans les prisons, d'autres au-dela des frontieres, tandis que d'autres encore etaient e mpeches de mettre en valeur leur experience et leurs archives. Ensuite,

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se fit un si- lence au tour de l'Ecole sociologique de Bucarest.

Puis vint un regain de fa ve ur dont le parti-pris a fau sse les perspectives au lieu de les degager.

E nfin, lorsque, apres 1989, rien n'ernpechait les sociologues et les ethnologues d'entrer en pos- session de cet heritage et de faire une evaluation critique de tout ce que l'Ecole sociologique de Bu- carest avait signifie a son epoque et peut encore signifier aujourd'hui, le manqu e de temps s'est manifeste pour la seconde fois. En fait, meme si nous pouvions vaincre cette impression qu'on n'a plus le temps pour ce genre de choses, je ne vois pas comm ent on pourrait rentrer en possesion du Marl or, ll l - 1998, The Sociological School of Bucharest after fifty years / L'Ecole sociologique de Bucarest aprcs cinquante ans

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itan ce . Only very few of the seniors are still among us, the archives are scattered , and the ge- neral interest for the topic is, let's say, moderate.

The present issue is not a synthesis on the Monographic School in Bucharest, even if it con- tains a number of contributions of this type. It is not a compendium of previously unpublished texts either, even if it welcoms some contributions of this type, too. Even less is it the beginning of a sys temati c resea rch h aving th e Sociolo gical School as its object. I would say it is more of a gesture. But wh at so rt of gesture? To make it

bien: les archives sont dispersees, les veterans qui smvivent sont peu nombreux, l'interet du public pour le sujet n'est que modere.

Le prese nt volume n 'est pas un e synthese, bie n qu 'il renfe rme des contributions qui sont des syntheses; ce n'est pas un recueil de textes inedits, bien que ce ux-ci manquent pas clans les pages qui suivent; encore moins marque-t-il le debut d'une enqu ete systematique sur l'Ecole sociologique de Bucarest. Ce volume n'est qu'un geste. Lequel? 11 y trente ans, tous les messieurs portaie nt des chapeaux, et, pour salu er res pec- clearer, let me remind

you of the gentlemen wearing hats who lived some decades ago and who used to pick them up with a large gesture wh e n they wanted to show their respect to certain persons in the street. Actually, Roma- nian language still pre- serves the constru ction:

'hats down! ' to express respect and admiration.

Marlor: Edi to rial Committee/

Comite editorial

tu e use me nt, il s soule- va i ent l e ur ch ap ea u d' un geste large . Pour exprime r le respect et

!'admiration, le roumain conn ai t ! 'e xpr ess i on

•chapeau bas•. Mais le pr ese nt volum e n 'es t meme pas cela. On avait coutume cepend ant de fair e e ncore un autre ges t e, un g e s t e in- form el ech ange entre familiers. Le mon sieur But, well, the present issue is not even such a

thing. There was yet another gesture, a more in- formal on e, usual mostly among acquaintances:

that is, the gentleman would touch with his hand th e upper part of the hat without actually raising it and just 'sketching' the gesture of salute by a bending of the head.

It

is this very type of gesture that we mean to 'sketch' by the present issue, having the feeling that we actually salute not only a group or team of sociologists, but also a pleiad of intellectuals of various calibers, ranging from the village schoolteacher or priest to th e highly sophisticat- ed philosopher. And the reason for our gesture is that the Sociological School in Bucharest was more than a strictly scientific trend and more than a point which irradiated 'cultural actions' toward s th e village and a new image of th e village (i. e. a more complex and less picturesque

touchait son chapeau sans le soulever, il esquis- sait le geste du salut en inclinant la tete.

C'est ce geste que nous avons essaye d'esquis- se r

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trave rs ce volume, avec le sentiment de saluer non seulement un groupe de sociologues constitues clans une equipe, mais une pleiade d'intellectuels, dont la hauteur de vol pouvait diffe rer, depuis les instituteurs et les popes de campagne jusqu' aux philosophes. Car l'Ecole sociologique de Bucarest a ete beaucoup plus qu' une orientation scientifique, plus qu'un point brillant d'ou rayonnaient des actions culturelles vers les villages, tout en renvoyant

a

la ville une autre image du paysan (plus complexe et moins pitoresque qu'auparavant); cette Ecole a instaure pour vingt ans ^Lilletat d'esprit auquel de nombreux intellectuels roumains ont ete sensibles.

Irina Nicolau Nous presentons clans ce qui suit, en contre-

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one) towards the city. For approximately two decades, it enabled th e instauration of a ce rtain state of mind which contam inated a great number of the valuable intellectuals of the time.

Irina Nicolau

As a counterpoint, the present issue also in- cludes one contribution that puts to work meth- ods diffe r e nt from that of th e Soc iolo g ical School, that is, oral histo ry and private writing:

an autobiographical narrative (Irina Nicolau).

Following our previous issues, the volume in- cludes a section on museology where the echoes of the Sociological School are present thanks to Anton Golopentia's (associate of Prof. D. Gusti) proj ect for the Romanian site within the Inter- national Exh ibition in Paris. The rest of th e contributions were conceived as self-reflexive analy- ses of the type of museology put to work within the Museum of the Romanian Peasant.

Marlor III/ 1998 comes out accompanied by two other supplements. The first of them is the French version of Ernest Bernea's (himself a member of the Sociological School), Death and Burl,al in the North- em Go1j. The second supplement is an album de- vised by loana Popescu and dedicated to losif Berman, an outstanding photographer involved with the activity of the monographic teams. (A.M.)

Translated by Adina Bradeanu

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point, un e contribution mettant

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l'ceuvre d'a u- tres methodes que celle de l'Ecole sociologique:

il s'agit de memoire orale et d'ecriture domes- tique,

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travers une narration autobiographique (Irina icolau).

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l'insta r des precedents numeros, ce volum e comp rend une section de mu seologi e, OU Jes preoccupations de l'Ecole sociologique se retrou- vent grace au projet d'Anton Golopentia (collaborateur du professeur D. Gusti) pour le stand roumain

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]'exposition internationale de Paris, en 1937. D'autres contributions proviennent du Musee du Paysan et tachent d'analyser le style museographique et le travail sur l'image qui y sont pratiques.

Marlor 111/ 1998 est, enfin, accompagne de deux supplements: le premier contient la version frarn;aise d' un ouvrage in edit d'Ernest Bernea, membre de l'Ecole sociologique: La mart et l'en- terrement dans le Nord du Gmj. Le second est un album dedie

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losif Berman , photograph e de taille inte rnationale, collaborateur permanent des equipes monographiques de l'Ecole, album corn; u par loana Popescu. (A.M.)

Texte traduit par loan Panzaru

!"#$%&'³A Gesture / Un geste´ !