Tarde 2004 : D'une criminologie à l'autre

Texte intégral

(1)Tarde 2004 : D’une criminologie à l’autre Marc Renneville. To cite this version: Marc Renneville. Tarde 2004 : D’une criminologie à l’autre. Marc Renneville. 34e congrès français de Criminologie, Sep 2004, Agen, France. 1, pp.1, 2004, �10.4000/champpenal.284�. �halshs-00130238�. HAL Id: halshs-00130238 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00130238 Submitted on 9 Feb 2007. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2)

(3) !!"$#&%(')+*-,./,)01203,+41(%5'768-+9 : <;5=?>@BADCE;5FG>H IAKJ LMCN;POBQR@O SRTU> A=? VOWQXCF2O

(4) <;?FSY5F2ZBAO [ \^]2<CN;(AD_F`;P +@OaS O- 7QX O+@O+bcd=XFSO7ef=X@O g h G] AD iQXF2jC2O+ka5]2NA;5=XO lcmO+C->H on=XjBQpY(=X qFrQR@O+C=XFiFS >KS>nKF2Os<L+nO t -=XCvuwO

(5) OxF_22O efONJ;PO FS B;P -n=X y N A;Pz{SF2ONA|@BA};r> A =?F(QX~O+O W =XFn>=X@KC-F;P +@7]_F(Q5;P>HF=UO+OV;@7]=UCF;POCN;(A=UO=PSN; ONA;fQE]O >H=PnADO

(6) FSSFS= @7]2N;5=XO S xFS2Oa N;PSO+@7];PFSO O+@O+Svw>K I;5FSOs OWQ5;PN;(ADO > >=XOWQU >KFS=XOk 5]>d =XO+@O+S SCO+@O+2+ba=X- @Ovu+FSnNAD@F2Oa~F(QQXF75]2>H xH

(7) CO+@OcZBADO

(8) GZBADOBQf@F_

(9)

(10) FS OBQR@Oa~jN;5=XO<Q&xO=QGOvp2F(Q @OpT{AQ{;PFSCO> @ C>Ax=XOvA ~QXOC> @ > BADiO <;p@ V@HFS ck S+~

(11) >KF=XO+@]GAD NA;5=UOv I;5F_Y@O=XSN;s : QI]2nF;@O+bWd =FGO

(12) Def=X@O+<mz-s >A=p(]FS NAnAD=XN;5FS> @O+CO+ =5d=XOWQUCNA7S;P SOiI QXO-;PO

(13) d =XOi- O=X@FS @WA7F(Q8QU>H ~Q-]OJ=XFS~BF;PO ZBADSF;U +@O+@ A;P OI; @Ov=X BQXFG@O

(14) <;@O S >KC-FS N;P +@OWQX>CFS>S>HnFSO+@Ov=XFQ^g ]O<Q{;Pz?FS;5=?>Ax +@O >QTX>A=8Q&A >K ~O+ZBA7FS@ 7QfSOQf N;(AD@O<QQX>CFS>KG>HnFSZBAOBQUKF; A Q xFSn> A=UONAQXO O B;fQUOC>AD Sv;P>=?ONA=f@O O- 7QX Ov;5=XV@BF;PFS>K O

(15) 22OK ;5=XF;P +SOBQfY5>=XWA72OQ&;r> Ao;POBQ YP

(16) F`;POBQX@ =X on a2OBQf VdF`;(AD@O Q=X> Ao;5F F2j=XOQX;(=U KQXY5>=Xi +SOBQf~ N;5 >K@OBQUK@ -VC a2OBQ>HFS B;XQR@OvxADO ON;PKQU>H Ov;P>A;PO-K- Q8QX +2OBQf~N;P =XFSNAJ~ON;7;=XC GO Qn=X @O<Q2FSnK OBQf@]GAD OWQUC

(17) F2O CVOa > AxHO

(18) 22OW ?>_2OCI;?FSY5p-KIs t - nKF(Q{;5=UN;5OY @BAQUO={xF2CO+@O+2WQ{;P8;5FrQ5;?FGZBADO+NA$ FS KF5Q{;Pj=UO+@O S AQ5;?FSCVO+oz-X=P>HY5OQQXONA= NA|>HS2jnO+@Ov=U

(19) CO+-X Od=XO+@O+{]2LcC@ iF2O+@OBQQUCFO CO<Q>H=XSOQfOI;& >HSF;PF2ZBADOBQ -XbcNd =FGO

(20) Def=X@O+OBQ5;&]GAD @OBQp=XFS CFSNAKJ}CN;PONA=8QR@O S+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnF2O+@Oa2+Y{FS @BA~ : O QXF2jC2Os

(21) uw nADSF2j=XO~O

(22) <; [+>Ad_F2 O lcOI;&=UO@ C-> AxHO={;POQX> aAx =XO+ C=XF;PO =UOBQ{;PO AQRC>H <ADO+@O >7Q TX>A=8Qp>A=QXWQP>CFS>KS>nFSO O=X@BADO7QXv;5 >=?FSO+@O+(]F~F_;P8;5FS> ON;fQP>H >>7Q?F`;?FS> xOVCv F2O h A=?OF(+OQX =X@p-K}D F;? R- Es<e=U@O+¡>A=(;P B; 8;P (]A7 O+@O<QY5FSnA=XOBQf~=XZBAD <;POBQ @O+S =XO Fj-=XO+ C>KGOaY(=X qFrQO+@O+C-=FS FS >KG>HnF2OKSO =XO FO-=fC=XF;5FSZBAO+@OaSv;5 >=?FSO+@BA|C=XFSiFS OSz? . @O+OBQX-=XOv\¢>Kd=X>7QX> omK

(23) z-fO8;5]NA;POIA=f@7]GA Ov;5 >=?FSO+>=?FnFS

(24) 2O+@BA~BQIQUnO+ka5]2CN;PO+ON;@O 2 =XOBQP>H QNdF2F;P 2Os=XFSiFS >S>HnF2O+ON;fQP>KCFG>KS>nKF2O+ N;PFGO

(25) <;@7]FS2ONA=8QUH>A=pef=X@O-SOBQf@ONAJ YPCOQf@7]A7 ~OWQ{AVTON;PKk O- KQXO-=f@ 7Qf{]A=?nO CVO+@7]GAD O+FS ZBA7F2 N;(AD@O+G>H=8Q={;Pn O I=QXO<Q C> B;POM>H=XFS KQvg £¤¥ ¦§N¨H§I©ªN¨_«©¨K¤«¬§E_®¯ªE¯+¤«°c°¦+©¬ ±§²¦V¤<¨H§IS¬<³©´2¦ª¦<¨H¬¯¶µ±§-¨_¦ ®¦-§§I«¤2¯<¨_¯-§·©¦+´¦+¤ªE_°M¦+¦§-¨ _¬§N¨GªE©¤<¨_ µ¸¹I´7¦§N¨Hó¥ «° ºBªE¦7²«ª-¨S¯¦ ®¦+¤¦§p³7ª±¬®§¤«ª¶²v§»7¦<¨»º<¦¬~·©+¥ 2´H§E«(¨7¨S¯°M¯ª8±SªI¦ §I«©¼V¦¬D¨H®¦ ½ ©³¦-ª®© ¤«ª²§®c¥ ±X²ªI¾§ó¥ «°ºBªI¦»D´¦§¡¼±ªIS±D¨_«¬§¢®¦+¤¦´´2¦¿?¤¬¦ §I«¬D¨²±§§±¬§¦¬§E¦³7¬¦°M¦¬D¨S¸B¹I´ §I¦-° º´2¦ °W±S¬D¨_¦¬±¬D¨K·©¦+´S± ¬À¨GªI¦ §¥ ±´´2«¬<³¦N»D¤«°c°¦+S´K±ªªI2¼¦ ±©®¯¤´S¬ ®¦§ ½ «©ª§8»D¦<¨K¤¥ ¦§-¨ ²«©ªI·©«D´7S°&²«ªN¨_¦ ®c¥Á¢²ªI¦¬®ªE¦³7±ª8®¦ÃÂ ?e-=X@OpopIs h Bj Q+-{]2LQIQX>C

(26) FGN;?FG>H W=X qF(QO+@O+=FS~F_ >KS>nKF2O+{L f@ CFS@F;ZBADOWQX> mO+C> n=UjBQf@O Y5O=XF;A O SC<O+kaG+C d =XN;5FS> @BA|CO B;PO F_=UOW@BA|@ Cj<Qf@BA~ nFrQ5;5=XN;CI=?FSiFS >KG>HnADOs\¢O ;5j O =UON;PO BA~>A=&SOQf@OIAJ TU> A=? VOBQfC> KQC-=X OBQfk+2+C=?FSiFS >KS>nKF2O+C> B;PO>=XF OvÄ [vuwOQ?> KQUdOQUKC>ANdSOQUHA F(Q¢vlc N;P-F;PK@O Y5F;PC-O=fk+bcNd=XF2O7ef=X@Oos t

(27) F2QfC>K ~O B; NdH>H=X@O-=QX+C=?FS~F_ >KS>nKF2O+Å SÆ ¦V¼©¦ ®c¥ Ç_§N¨_«SªI¦ ®¦§§E¤¦-¬¤¦§Ç©°W±S¬¦§ C> KQUC=XF;A BAD~ =X>~k+bWNd =XFSOe=U@O+ON;k S+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnF2O+@OWQX> a;POMQU \¢NA=UO B; t ADCVC

(28) F2OSF=XO2OVxHF;pS.

(29) @F_Y5Y?F2CNAD;P +@7]A7 Ov;POS2O+ N;(AD@O@ Q&A ={;5FGC

(30) 2OWQ5;?FSA72 B;O8; >S iF2ZBADOO TUAnOV

(31) <;ZBADO {]2> > AxHF; ;5>A;@F=XO+ON; Y5F=O+@HF¶=XO+k+e-=X@Os7AQ{;5FnOV

(32) <; SOQf@ =XFxOQf N;5>@>S>HnFSZBADOBQR@Oa2 [v;P-=X@>~

(33) F2 l dF <;POHFSDO2

(34) F`;pSOQpF(Q{;P>=?FSO 7Qf@O<QQXCF2O COQp<A7~FS O QRk+ N;(AD@FSO=fS nO jBQOVKSO @ NxHO

(35) G>HO~O B;ON;2 =X CVO;5FS> @Oa5]SaAx=UO+@O+e=U@O t ADCCF2OFGHp<Is\¢+C>

(36) F(QIQU

(37) CO @O+(]<CN;(ADSF;P +@O+ef=X@O+O ~QX> a;POMQp ]2>d F; BQfNAJ~~

(38) ~OBQ=XjnO<QfZBADOaGaYPd=XFSZBADO+@OWQX> CN;(AD-_F`;P =X BQXO <;POs : OBQ{;CO=(;PFS ZBA]GAD O+-=X>KC-O F{Q5;5>=?FSO O+OJFSnO+@7]2NA;5=XOBQQU> A=UCOBQfZBADO SOQ QXOIA72OBQp+Ax=XOBQR@Oa5]2NA;PONA=XZBA ]O-_2OQQU>KF; >=?FnFS

(39) 2OBQR> A~=X V@F;P OBQUKC> ~OWQ-] ~SFZBAO B; CN;(ADO-_2O~O B;\¢OBQ&ÅMCONA=8Qf@OvO QXO=fO =X> @7s h 7QfCVON;;PO O=Q?OCN;5FxHOH > ;=XOWQ{A >QU O [ ;P=X@o>H

(40) F2 lcC> B;PO->H=U

(41) FS O+@OVx =XF;NA;P <;&Y5F=UOWQXO KQUH>A=p(]F(Q{;P>=?FS>n=XF2OZBADO 2 ~ C> F(QIQX CO+@OWQU>H VCN;(ADSF;P BQIQU OsÅ <;5=XO =X BQPO <;?FQX~O+ON; F(Q{;P>F=XOVHFS +@]2FS2OA=8Qf >KFS KQ A O+FS C>K ~O KQ{A=UVdF2F;P +@7]2=X>C O+ZBA ]GAD O+@FSY?Y? -=XO CO+@O =XO-nKF(Q{;5=UO+r^S>H @HF2NAJu+FGC

(42) -=X@R-s KF5]> WxHONA;dFO O <QfC> Y5>H @=XO+COBQf >@F;P BQR@KO =X->=r;NAc;PONJ;POVS+C>ONJF(Q{;PO CO+@>F;E;5=XO >7Q8QXFd2Os

(43) Å¢ CV>H=XO Y52F;Pz?FSS> A=QE]O- nDnO=Q{A=p2+ F{QXO+IA+TX>A=f@O (]2CN;(ADSF;P Q8QX VOKZBADO+SOQ F(Q{;P>=?FSO KQf >dFSF(QO

(44) <;@O >AxOSOQQU> A=UCOBQf@>CNA O B;PF=UOBQIs MBQf@ CF(Q8FSY+ N;P Y(=X CFS>H=QXZBADO 2OQf@OBQXCVO

(45) @ B;XQf@O+bcNd=XF2Oe-=X@O+>H <;@ CFS@ +@O =XO- @=XO+CCO<Q8QXFd72O+NAJ~CO-=XCONA=8QfSOQ ~ BA QXC=XF;XQfOI;&GvdFGdDFG> ;5 jZBADOWQXCF2O B;PF_YPFZBADO+@O+SONA=f ONAD(soba= VCO+k 5]O B;5=UO

(46) F(QXO+@O t Q8QXF> w>H=PS @FSH=U>HY5OQ8QOIA=f@OWQX>CFS>KS>nFSO+ka5] FxDO=8QXF;P +@O+e&A=?FS S+@>H N;5FS> O &^@OBQf BA QXC=XF;XQ { > ;POBQROE; C->=?=XOBQP> @ CO-fON;@OvS dFd72FS> ;5 jZBADO O=8QU>H o O_2O+@BA|i-nKF(Q{;5=UN;>Ax=U

(47) F`;p@O > AxHO_2OBQ O=8QPOCN;5FxDOBQEs t BQIQXFS >w>=G

(48) @HFD+@> +5]OJDO(O+O CO+@>H

(49) FS OxOC+5] V@HF;PFS>K C=XF;?FGZBADO+@OBQ =XO F2j=XOBQf OQf@OaG+C>H=P=XOBQ? >H @ CO+@O+ef=X@O+8xOC+2OBQfC=XF2}FS >KS>nADO QfF;PSF2O 7Qfrw>H=PS @FS Is\^] I;(AD@O+@OvS =X VCO;PFS>H @O ±~¤ªE_°M_¬±´2(¨_¯+¤V«B° ²±ªI¯¦ +OS2O+NAQIQXFK2=PnO

(50) ~O B;dH

(51) Y?F2C

(52) F2 +@O 5](CCVj QRk+COBQp > AxHO

(53) 22O Q=XOBQ8QU> A=UCOBQfruwO OxF2Os Is Å¢ mz{SOBQf~

(54) <AQXC=XF;XQRCCNAOF_2F(QfNA|CO <;5=XO @7]2=XCFxDOBQfC> B;PO>=XFS OBQR@OaS > @N;PFS> I;?FS> 2O+@OBQQCF2O CO<Qp>KSF;PFSZBAO<Qf>H <; E;P +CGBQIQX Qp=&\¢>AFQUOKS >K QU> AQfS+@F=XOVCN;?FG>H @O h >H FS KF2ZBADOv=XCV>HS2ON;ON; NxHOC+SOWQX>A;5FSO @O+{]2Lc uM [+>H=PAQfC=?FSiFS >KS>nKF2ZBADO l <;;5 g

(55) |s<C=?FS~F_ >KCV>H=?AQEs`C =8QEsY(= Es + W;5=P> AxHO=X+@- 7QGOv;PONJ;PO+@Ov\¢>AFQXOS >K WAD O =XO F2j=XO =X BQUO B;PN;5FS> @O+(]FS B;P -n=XF;P +@O+CO+Y5> @KQIs AD B;k S dFd72FS> ;5 jZBADOWQXCF2O B;PFSY{F2ZBAO+@O bcNd=XF2Oe=U@OKOS2O+aY5F;5]>d-TON;@7]GA CVN;PS>Hn-nO =p5]GÅ }L ¢s : KY5NA; =X-O2O=FGC

(56) FZBADO+5]GÅ iL +C> KQUO

(57) <;5FO B;5=XO &Ô8;A OY5Y5>H={;fQU KQp=U C @O B;O c;PO=? OQf@O+ > O KQfBAD~F_ 7QRON; Y?FS CF2O=8Qp>A=pS+C=U N;5FS> @OWQX> CO <;5=XO+@Ov=XO<Q8QX>A=PCOBQpF(Q{;P>=?FSZBADOQf(u+O- OVxFS2OVHdEs

(58) \¢ ~ @FI;5jZBADO+@O+5]GÅ iL K@ <QX>=? F(Q2F2 O+NA~ >K@OcbcNd=XF2Oe=U@OKvxH>KCVE;5FS> k+@OxO F=&AD F2ONA|@O+ >KFS=XO+ON;@7]SF(Q{;P>F=XO+@O+(]V@H~F_ F(Q{;5=XI;5FS>H M7 F`;PO

(59) <;?FG

(60) FS=XO+OI;p@O G+C=XF_~FS >KS>nFOos

(61) \¢ dFd72FS>;5jZBADO+@O+bcNd=XF2Oe-=X@OaY5F;@ BQU>H=X F(Qp=5;5FO+FS B;P n=U B;PO+@BA|CO <;5=XO+@Ov=UOBQ8QU> A=XCVOBQ F(Q{;P>=?FSZBADOBQUK>AxO-={;NA AdSF2CaS>=8Qf@O+S+C 2 d=XI;?FS> @BA|CO <;PO FS=XO+@O+ef=X@OSOW QXO-;POd=XO s\¢vdBQUO+@O+@>H o <OBQfOBQ5;CCOBQQXFd72OWQ{A=fS O Od$ B;;5 g

(62) ~sÒ s T{AQ{;PFSC<OsY(= fO8;&5]2O KQXOdDO @OBQf-={;5FSC2OBQf@O+ef=X@O+OBQ5;p@F2Q?> FGdD2O+O }SFd=XO+CVCjQQ{A=pSO+~iOWQXF`;POs F2@j

(63) 2O+k+5]OBQP=XF;@7]GAD O+L CO-=XC B;k Y5x>=?F(QXO=&A @ VdHN;fQXCFSO B;PFSY{F2ZBADO+>AxO=5;pO8;fQX Q ONJHC

(64) A QXFS>K @7]2=X>C OBQXKGRTX>A=? OWQ5A=G+C=XF_~FS >KS>nKFSO+@O+ef=X@OWQU> Ao;PO BADO -=pS y y 8>CFS N;P Y(=X qFrQO >A=&5]F(Q5;P>HF=UO+@OBQQXCF2O C<OBQf@O+5]>}~Of+SF(QIQX vA O SCO+IAKJ~@OIAKJ;PO-Q @O+(]<CN;(ADSF;P +@O+ef=X@Os : 7QI](nF(Q8QF;@7]2VdH>H=U@}@O=XO2CO-=(]S+AKx =XO+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnF2ZBADO+@O+e=U@O+O QX> W;POM7Q^gHQX nO jBQXO+ON;fQU KSVCO+@ KQf2O+C}~@OBQ¢QXCF2O

(65) COQf@O+(]>}~OkvA O+ ->KZBADO^> ~S [+C-=FS~F_ >KS>nKF2O l+ ]2OQ{; BQfO C>=XO FS KQ{;PF;(AD O+CV>H ~OWQXCF2O COs : 7QI]2nFrQIQUF;O

(66) Q{ADF;PO+@7]( =U> AxHO= 5](CN;(ADSF;P +@O+S+C=XFSiFS >S>HnF2O+@O+e-=X@O+k 5]NAD O+@O<Qn=U @OBQRZBADOBQ{;PFS> KQfC=XFSiFS >KS>nKF2ZBADOQ C> B;POM>H=XFS OQEs

(67) \¢OBQ xADOQf@O+ef=X@OWQ{A=pGOBQfCNA QXO<Q@O+S+C=XFSiFS F`;P K(]2>H=Pn F(QN;5FS> @Oa2 T?AQ{;PFSCOOpT{AnO~O B;PS OF_ O+OI;QP> ONJH BCIA;5FS>H MONAKxDO- B;Pz?OS2OBQfO C>=XO Y5FS=XOWQXO 7Qf@O >QTX>A=8Q >A=&SOQfCI;PONA=8Qf@BA|C

(68) MiC-=FS~F_ >KS>nKF2ZBADOc.

(69) ]FSQ5AKdQXF(Q5;POvdFO @O<Qp<> OBQf@7]2>Kd=UOBQQ{A=fCVON;(;PO @o> AodOv;5 iI;?FSZBADOVKCOI;;PO&TX>A=? VO+ O=? F(Q 7@ ]FS F;PF2O=&A7 M=X ZBADFSFd=nO+O <;5=XO+CN;(AD-_F`;P =X BQXO <;PO+ON;BQQX Os\¢O+Y5

(70) F`;QUOdD2OvdF2O

(71) N;PNdFg@OADFQ A iQXF2jC2OKSOQf[ =UON;5>A=8Qlck (]_+Ax=XO+C=XFSiFS >KS>nKF2ZBADOc@O+e=U@O > B;AQ¢QX>AxDO

(72) <; E;P ^>H =U BQQP> AQ 5]FS TU>K CN;PFS> @7]A7 O =XOSOVCN;(A=XO+ZBADO+@7]A O+=X>=?FSI;?FS> ONA=XF(Q{;5FGZBAOs h KQfCVO+@>K FS O+C>H ~O+O ;P <; @7]IA;5=XOBQX2O+ nF(Q{;5=XN; oF_G>QX>O OWQUO

(73) dD2O BQfNxH>KF=fONA|@O+C> B;5F <AI;PONA=8Qf@F=UOCN;XQfON; >;5>F=XO<QIs+FSO @OQp[^=XFrQU>H Qplc> B; E;P +Ix CB VOBQp>A=fONJSFZBADO-=2O =XOSN;PFSY&[w> AdSFlc@O+CON;;PO +Ax=XO+~

(74) F(Qf5]GAD O+@O<QpKAQf xF2@O B;POBQ=XOBQ{;POV>A=A 2OCN;POIA=fC>H <;PO>=XFS SOWQ{; 2O+ON; 5]( F(Q{;P >KS>nFSOv;P=X@FSO 7QfCV=QXFK2WQU>KCFS>KG>HnF2O+C> B;POI >H=XFS OVQUC

(75) F2O CVOvxFrQ VO =fe-=X@OOBQ5;d F2O

(76) VO+ka2+Y{FS @BA~ : OWQXF2jC2O+@O+S =X BQU>KA;PFS>H @7]GAD Ov;rO 7QXFS>K O- B;5=XO^>H=?FGO

(77) <;PN;5FS> KQfF`;(;P =XF=UO QRON; >=?FSO B;PN;5FG>H QQXCF2O B;PF_YPFZBADO<QXNA d Y?F2CO+@OBQ¢QXO<C> @OQ e=U@O+NA=X+ONA~FSCFO+[v;r>H=(;l<@7]A >FS B; @OvxADO =U BQXO B;PFQ5;POK@O O BQfC >KFQXFS=fr\¢OO F2OBQUR-&IIs\¢+C=?FS FS >KG>HnF2O+@O+e=U@O =X _;dF2O N;5=XO-k (]F~nO+@OWQU>H KF(Q5;P

(78) A O+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnF2Oa[+O=U@BADO ls+ef=X@O O Y5F; BQfY5FSnA=XO+@O [ =X CIA=8QXONA=pl+ > A= S+C=XFSiFS >S>HnF2O+C> B;PO>=XF_ Os : CN;(ADOSO -=QX> aAx =XOKGOa~nF(Q{;5=XN; C=XFSiFS >S>HnADO n-=X@O+ZBADOSZBADO O={;5FS O CO =QX O Q Os>H M[+ COVC lW ~O+ ]OBQ5; BQQX- 7Q O 7QUO

(79) FSn O~O B;sÅ¢_2O n=U@OvA O+CCF;P +kWQ5;5F_AD2O=p >B;5=XOv=U Y{2OJFS>K KO- }FS <;PO=?=X>nO <; >B;5=XO o=?>=XO CN;(AD-_F`;P WQXCF2O

(80) <;?FSY?F2ZBADOs<L A$ FS=X>KF¶=f@BA;PO7QXKGWQX>A=X@OaFS ZBA7F2 N;(AD@O+ZBAF >;5FGxHF;p2 =X Y5OJFS> @O ef=X@O =X _;O OY{YPON; FS B;PCI;POs : 7QXOdDO+~iO+IAi=P>Y5

(81) O+ZBADOaG+C>H COQ8QXFS> @Oa5]2 C2OCN;PFrQX~O+ON; 5]F >7Q8QXFdDOWQ B;PjQXOv;P-=X@FSO OQp=X <QXFS@KO <;pO- C>=XO k+S+@OBQ5;?FS O+@7]GAD OWQCF2O COWQXFddA;PFS B;PO+O =X CO+ZBA ]O2O+YP

(82) F`;&-=?Y5>KF(Qp=XON;r> A=fQ{A=QP> >K@OvdD-;P O+ t ADCCFO2F2HEspOIA;5z?8;5=X O NxH

(83) F`;PzUF2F_ 7QXFD{]OVJ =XOBQQXFS>K @7]A7 O+Y5FSF2N;?FG>H FS C> KQCF2O

(84) <;PO+CO-W2OBQf>=?n F(QUN;PONA=8Qf@BA|mO+C->H on=XjBQ @O+(]L+ KS>=8QXZBA ]F2(Qf>H <;@ CFS@ +@O Y?F=UO+C> 2 CF2@O=f+CV

(85) G Vd =XN;PFS> @BA|CO B;PO- FS=XO+@7]GAD @ CVj QRNxDOC 2O =XO FO-=fC>H on=XjBQfY(=X qV

(86) F(Qf@O+[+C-=FS~F_ >KS>nKF2O lc@BA~c : OWQXFGjCOos h ]F22ONA=8QUKZBADOBQ5;?FG>H >AxO-={;PO 2+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnF2O+OVJF(Q5;POzr;5zPOSO+O C>H=UO > A =p(]L+p ADO

(87) S2O+C=XFSiFS >S>HnF2OW\+] y F(Q{;P>F=XO+YA;(A=XO C j=XO+k+ef=X@O >AQpSO+@F=Xs , 71,203 ,. . wOBQX -=X@Ws`p-K<[ h A=?OFS C=XF;?FGZBADO+@O+e=U@O g@OBQ u+j-nK2OBQfIA ADFSCF2@O lWFS Ww>=G

(88) @HF t s` t ADCVC

(89) F2O2FH\^so?@F=Es U \¢WQU>KCFG>KS>nFO+OI;QU N;5 >K@Os\¢O<Q&uwjnK2OQf@O h A =?OF2 A7 iQXF2jC2O+=Xj<QX 5] y =XiI;;P =?F2QXp-z{m7s +G>H @HF2NAJ\^s`R-u^FSC=U@ /s`H[ ZBAD>HF7QUO={; 5]F(Q?;5>F=XO+@OBQQUCFO COQf@Oa5] >H ~O l<KFS +G

(90) C-O={;+s G>H @HF2NAJ\^s` \¢>B; c\^s` uwO OxF2O t s`\^]_F(Q{;P>F=XO+@O<QQXCF2O COBQf@O+5]>K ~Os ep=X{TXO<CN;P>F=XOBQUKO- IT8OIAKJHKZBADOBQ5;5FS> 7Q&xFxDO QU \^] y =XiI;(;P =?FQUR-z-m7s w>H=PS @F t s[+ef=X@O+O8; SOBQfC-=FS~F_ >KS>nADOQF`;PF2O KQf@OWQU>H c;PO

(91) M7Qf?k ={;5F¶=f@OWQX C>={=UOBQ?> @ C<OaFS V@HF;PO+>A~=XO8;5=?>Ax O l

(92) uwONxoADO+@7] y F(Q5;5>F=XO+@OBQCF2O COQ y A7

(93) FS OQXm z

(94) 7s BQXV@

(95) >K B;b s&-K<[\FS ~O B;XQpFSS>QX>FZBADOQUQU>KCFG>KS>nKFSZBADO<QfON;oT{A=XF2@HF2ZBADOBQf@]A7 O =X BQUO CO+@O+bcNd=XF2Oe-=X@O l<L+=XCFGxDO<Qf@O FS>QX>FO+@BA h =X>F;PH oH oz{

(96)

(97) 7s C t s\¢C- s`p-}--Ko?[ : <;5=?>@BADC8;5FS>H c;5 >=?FSZBADO+NAJ~Y5>H CN;PFS>H Qf@O+S 7Q C DQXO O C-=FS~F_ >KS>nKF2O lcFS W\¢<C s`C=PF;XQ+-7ONAFS2 =XFQp-mKs >HS2OCN;PFSY5R-bcNd=XF2Oe=U@Os h FQXC>A=8Qp=U>H >H C BQfSOiI$QXO;POd=UO+kK-=?SN;k 5]FS NAnA=XN;PFS> @OWQX> > BADiO <;P t FSCO2ON;P=PSN;s \¢OO F2OBQ s`p-&- \¢O<Q;5=P>HF2QfCNAD;(A=XOBQEs

(98) Å¢ B;5=XOWQUCFSO C<O+ON;SF;(;P =UN;(A=XO 5]2xj O~O B;@O S QX>CFS>S>HnFSO¡@7s@O S t y =?F(QIs.

(99) t DA CVC

(100) F2O2FH\^s`[+ef=X@o>H F2c¡uw Y?2OVJFG>K KQQ5A7=pGO Q AQXnOBQRC>H <;PO>H=U

(101) FS Qf@O+e-=X@O l< uwOxADO+@7] y F(Q{;P>F=XO+@OBQCF2O COBQ y AD~

(102) FS OQXmp

(103) &Iz-<s t DA CVC

(104) F2O2FH\^s`[v\^]F2 >QQXFGd2O+C> 7Q{;PF;(Ao;5FS>H @7]_A O+@F(QXCFSK2F_ O+C-=FS~F_ >KS>nKF2ZBADO+O W=U

(105) CO l FS sp>AI=r; s F=XO<QpL s

(106) ¢so?@F=Is X[+=?FS~F_ >KS>nKF2O g@FQCFFS O+ON; FS 7Q{;PF;(A;5FG>H

(107) 2F(QN;?FG>H Dsep=?>FQ ONJHO

(108) 2O QfY(=X C>H >H OQpl<¡=PF_~FS >KS>nFOVKm pIp-mz(s uwO OxFS2O t s`H[wbWId=XF2O

(109) ef=X@Oos

(110) \^]FS=X> @O2O+@O+S+C=XFSiFS >KS>nKF2O lcF_ e=U@O+b}s`\¢ C=XFSiFS SF;X +CV>H-=X O\¢OBQ&ÅM7C ONA=8Qf@O O 7QUO=fO =U>H @ =?F2QX z{p- 7s uwO OxFS2O t HdHH[> A= S+C=X I;?FS> @7]A7 CO B;5=PO N;PFS> @O =XOBQIQU> A=XCVOBQpF(Q{;P>=?FGZBAOBQ¢Q{A=fSOQ C=XFS~OBQfON; SOQpOFS OBQpl<

(111) 7O

(112) KY?F2O2@KQXp<s B;(;5 g 5C

(113) O (s =XOxoADO QEs`>H=?n r@>CNA O B;Pm

(114) 7s <;5} K F;5cus`p- eR Ov > B;P y F(Q{;P>= >Y y AD $CF2O

(115) COQX > B;P v&=UOBQ8QU \¢> @> 7s ef=X@O+b s Ro Bp;(AD@OBQp O<QfON;fQX>CFS2OBQX;5>=XCMON; t BQQX> =?FQUzr\ >K Ds ADO

(116) GZBADO Q=X Y5 =XO COQfCV>H2 iO <;P

(117) F¶=XOQQ{A=fS >7Q{;P I={F;P +@O+ef=X@O+O- C=XFS}FS >KS>nKF2O h F Q5;?FS o;?FS> 7sC @HFS xF2

(118) MI>A=? >KYf>KC-Fe O>= 7Q?DOCFF(QIQ{ADO+> [+bcd=XF2O

(119) ef=X@O l

(120) H 7s w> AD@o>H cus`p-

(121) [v\¢ [cQ{;PN;5FQ5;?FGZBADO 7Q C>KG>HnFSZBADO+lc@O+e=U@Ovl<L+ 2OBQfFS B;PO=X I;?FS> 2OBQf@O C=XFSiFS >S>HnFSOmp-z

(122) 7s h N xF2@> xF;PC L s`R-

(123) &-[w=FS~F_ 2F;P +ON;=X -=XOBQ8QXFG>H O W=X C<O+@OADFrQ A iQXF2jCO l

(124) uwOxADO Y(=X qF(QXO+@OWQU>KCFS>KG>HnFSOmz{7s h NO dA 7Q5;p+s`p-K<[v\^]2 C>KSO+Y(=X q<F(QXO+@F;PO+@BA~[+ FF2ONA/QU>KCFSlWFS h OdA 7Q{;+s` h Fn OY5Y?O fs` pF¶=XOBQfL s

(125) ¢s y FQ{;P>F=XO+@OBQ¢QXx>KF¶=8QQ{A=fSO+C=XFS~O+ON;pG O

(126) FS Os

(127) \¢ =UN;5FS> F;P

(128) 2O+ON; S+ F(QIQX CO @O+S+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnF2O =XO<Q8QXO<Qf@Oa5] FxDO=8QXF;P +@O t >H <;5=X G =XOBQQXOBQR@Oa5] FxDO=8QXF;P +@7]

(129) w;(;P h O w>KOVC FxO-=8QXF;P m&-z?mK

(130) 7s b O

(131) F(QUO={; t s p-mK<\¢OWQ DQ{;Pj O+C=XFSiFS F(Q5;PO+@O+e=U@OB;5 jBQXO >A=pSO+@>CE;r>H=X8; @O+@=P>HF`;PBp-=?FQX c \¢>xF;P>H ON; vFGOs bcO B;5<FS nuMs`R-

(132) bWId=?F2Oe-=X@O+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnADOB;5 jBQXO >A=&2O+@>CE;r>H=UE; @7]2 N;P8;O @=P>HF;PN=PFrQs : O@ s`B\¢¡;5 >H=PFSO+C=XFSiFS >KG>HnF2ZBADO+@O+bWd=PFOef=X@O+ON; SWQU>KCFS>S>HnFSO+@OWQU>H ->KZBADO ~ >KF=O+@O h ÅL @OWQX>CFS>S>HnFSOM FGxDO-=NQXF`;P +@Ov+>=P@ONAJ s t FS2ON; s`R- oKbcNd =FGO

(133) ;P-=X@O+ON;S FSS>QU>HF2O+@O+{]2FrQ5;P>HF¶=XOp-=?F(QXW=XFS 7oz?

(134) 7s pFS N;POs`R-Ko[\¢ O 7QX VO+C=XF_~FS >KS>nFZBADO+@7]~F2O h A=POF ON;fQX+C> ;5=?>xO-=8QXO+NxHO<C bcNd=XF2Oe=U@O l< uwONxoADO+@OC

(135) F2O CVO+C=XF_~FS O

(136) 22O+ON;@O @=P>HF; C>K=U RImKoz{Ds ef=X@O t so@O-H H[wv S d =F`;P K>AdSF2=XO F(QIQX CO g<WQXFS onA72Fj-=XO+@OBQ{;PFS <O+@BA|C=?FSiFS >KS>nADO+ON; FG>QU>H OWQ=XS@F(Qfbd=XFSODe=U@O+<mz-&l

(137)

(138) A7S2ON;PFS @OaGWQX>C

(139) F2 N;P +@7]SL+={;O8; @7] y FrQ5;5>F=XO+@O =XSN;O8;p@BAMp -=?Fn>=X@ >HF=UK

(140) z{7s.

(141) FS2N;(;PO¢s R-&-oBÅ. Q QXF7Q{A=fSOQf@>CE;5=PF_ OQf@OBQQU>KCFS>K2>nADOBQfef=X@OÔE;\f>d=X>7QX>

(142) ;5 jBQXO >A=pSO @>CE;r>H=X8; O V@OCF_ OV =XFQUH mKo7s. F2rQU>H t ss`p- -KVX[+bcNd=XF2O7ef=X@O l+FS t - OF y s` FS>H OO=8QfFS C=XF2iFS >KG>Hn t > B;PC-F=U N;2;PO=8QP>H |H F;Pz?ms .

(143)