HAL Id: hal-00092442
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00092442
Submitted on 1 Apr 2008
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Y. Seleshi, Pierre Camberlin
To cite this version:
Y. Seleshi, Pierre Camberlin. Recent changes in dry spell and extreme rainfall events in Ethiopia.
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Verlag, 2006, 83 (1-4), pp.181-191. �10.1007/s00704- 005-0134-3�. �hal-00092442�
243656387:9;5=<?>@7BAC3EDGF7 HEIKJ DLM36N!NO>=7MH 38P:9!I"3=Q 3RIS>6F7MTU>6N!N
3WVX387:9DGF 7 YZ9!<?F![ELMF!>
\^]'_8`badcfeg_=ehcfij]!kmlon]e=phpEerqsa:`GtEe=pu_v]wXx
yz{|~} &&v{' !~~{{ } 'W!Uf{!~!f~}~}"! ~{' ~!¡¢ | }
£ ¤{' ,{!{S¥"{~{','{ f!{ ¤ =}$!¢~{!-¥SE¦~§¨~©8 ª8¥¬«!S ~{'¯®{S°S~ ~!{±z²~
-$}! {
³¤´fµ¶j·¯¸,¸,¹»º¼¸¯½¿¾ÁÀS¹¡½fÂ!¹¡¸¯·,Ã-ÄÅÄÁÆǺEÈÉÊÉËů·,¹»º¼ÌEÅ,· ¶jÄǸ¯½Êů½¡Í-ÎSÏ
Ð ¹¡Ñ-·&ÒÓ¹»º¼Ñ-¹¡ÂÒÓ·¯½UÆÏSÔUÕ×ÖØ˹¡µfÂ!´ÁÄÇÂÎÚÙSÛfÛÜÏ
Ý
·,¸ÀÞÔß·¢Í´ÊÂ!¹ÓÒ
àá
0*$'&0Á0!âfãä¯åæ¯ç/èéÇä¯êèëìíî(ïîðñê±òî×ê±ää ç*îê±ò'óô æõ ö±ðè÷ëì!øäõ ùêëðëò÷óúÁûû'î/üúKý±æ¯ýæþUê±îïä¯ç*ü&îè(÷óÿ¡ë
ó¯úû'û'î/üúUýæ,ýæó ñ!èùî(ëåî(æøä,ð
x k-x'xx ì æ
x kk
x k
äéÇæîð ÷ îðéæü¢ù8õ,ä¯êòææ,öä,ûöä¯è
! !!"$# %"'&()*"+-,'#.!/0132!415"!67!*"28$696:*"<;#.*13=?>-@A1"
@!*69BC4%*"2D6*6@E#DF2.15b11HG-BI.#DJ#.=15"7K1L5M#NOPQ=13@ 1PRS3T'U.VV(7WXY!$1"7
-15"Z@P!@[P]\^*_a`!bdcfegZ/0!*"O4%*"7PhNikjQl"Km
(#D/n>58op"@Hq?`-rtsIegu/+!6Z6v!*"7PhZi
wx->ylz8B${
4 %|m
B'oaW}
P""Uy~!"@!6Z6+!"@6*9"-X&4*1"#."@]#D.#f81(
@- !*"&#."@3H9"C#.\^9_J`!bdc|"@ #.q`!rtsE,'#.!/0*"$#D"7t#.BI!"@I/+-,N/nl:/
-15"! El#DLT'U8@BH!9"71(L!y#DP8"ik41l'#.y#u8"%"@O1(l(#.8"Hy#12k;#.*15N
P!("1<#."@32.1l"@A9"0#.!/0!*"3*"&APy#152:;#.*1*(W08"0&"4%6Ni3"1<#."@3)P
2.1(lz"@X*"#.<B-69B/A,N/lz/Y6N!"(&(#.152\^*_P`!bdc)P"@Aq`!rs@(8Bf8!6Z6e8@B70t#.v!9"2D!66
>5!6*1 1/0/0o1L5;#.*13=(W
ñ( 3ã ¯ã úx $úx¡Áô ú: óã70'ÿñ$ ! ~óñ$¢ø!ñ$£ññ$¤-ñ-¡fø'óø!ñ!¡ãvú3¡ úx $:E= óñø!¥7-ÿ!×ú
1$W ¦A §¨© § ¦
;,(#.4/0O!E#.HEL5!"#H*"ª;#.=15*ª*&3"N2yN $!"#D6B«!2y2D! E#|#.YP&81UQD13 !*1U8! -15"15/0N
P"(L9415"/+!"#W ¨ 81(l	""1y#.P8"i1(l(#.8"%"@¬-y#DD";#.*13=X !Elk&4!E#lz/+!"
.l72.2D9"'&x?"@f6*1®126**28'W lz f -15"!¯l®!" !"1#°15"6B.l76t#213/C*"3ylz282.N N!"#)#u1#D6
4%*"2D!696®%/1lz"#Di5>'l#%6N1A213/6*15"'&d@(8BdD7!6*6}t#8*"n#.!9"(Bv4!(1"Ae82.1*"y#D" u1PR±(
P"@ 1PR3²'±! -15@-@6*15"'&@(8B¬D!6Z60121L5C1PV³@EBz8oaW
§
! !=13"!6Z6*B2y6=131@30"@´*"$#D%"
4%*"2D!696!61 -El:³@L$y#DE#.*"(&µ@!/+&#D1| D157vP"@E##.6=%/+!"#JW¶#0d"1#Di1ELPi
G"1"d0E#.¶#.AE,'#./0+L!"#*" %6lz@*"&f@(1l&#¶>5! !1/09"&f/0102!¯lz!"#P"@
*"$#D%"?*"·#.?6**aylz/+!@n&36*1(>!60PQ/0*"&:W
© !"(&$9"¸,(#.!/0·4! !3#DE#8=15"+-L5?>$!"A41(u#u!@A*"d@*2828P!"##152#.?01(D6*@i3>(l#
-15/nP!@k#D1X1#.P %6*N/Aa#D<LN>6Z$i-L5!Z6N>6Zk.#lz@5=?15"6Bf1(L*@dAE#D (BfN/+&d132
.lz !d %"'&7$aW
a#Di3t#·GB¸¯lz.#8*1"A&Lz!"<#.a# !6*Z/+E#D !"(&1E¹4 a#.*15"7yl&&.#!"
*" 4!(9"+,(#.4/0-L5!"#1(L/0!"(B+4!2.15#.º·º.# -"#lyBe
©
l> !n»$¼½¾8Wi5VVf1aoW
&"92DZ $!"#*" -()*"0!LB0- %*t#DE#D*1"<4E#DEL5?>-%"+1(>748L!@A*"n#.
d
euw:* !i
a#6WinVV(?~PQ6+!"@~"*&3$#DiC1PRR3²n"$>.#.iC1PRR3²~l7"'G%60»$¼n½¾8WiC1PRRR(o8injJ!"
e.y0$8Z/+|"@
!/A!/01(#D1iX1PRR$oi0!.#D8"H"@"1y#.!$y#D8"
l:.#.!6*Z|e
l*!H!"@
""Bi1PRR3²6=lz/0/+»$¼x½¾8Wi¬1PRRR(oDi
1(l(#.
2QN $0e
$1"d»$¼x½¾8Wi1PRRR(oi5#.
~FN"
9"$#Dy#.*/+?4! !3#DE#8=15"+e
§
8>18"0»$¼3½¾8WiVVV(o)"@n"1y#.D"AP"@A -%"$#.!63.#D6Bde.l"E#Z#.»'¼
½¾DWi(VVf1-i>oaW
D"| !1"#..#¸"|"%6*B71520!*"2D6*6n@a#D¬9" - 1PR¤1PV¬>B B6*13 PG!"@´¦+Z !136*6ueyVVV(o
4EL!!6¸6ZP8&@! P!49"³#D1#D6! !*3t#Da#.*15"p!"@¬6=E#D!@¬!*"p@-Bzd*"41l#.Uuy#DD"
ly#.46*Z'W5D" -(*"A!LBA4! !9t#DE#D*1"A-L5n!61<>-%"¸@13 al/0!"#D!@dEL5!"<!"d/0!$"
#u1#D6)- %3t#Da#8*1"³@- !4(02.150a,!/n6ZX*"³"1y#.ja"e !"$#D15"»$¼°½¾.WiVVf1ao"@³*"
.#D6B0eylz"a##.»$¼5½¾8Wi(VVf1PoW
D"k¦+&7Pi
*"1@»$¼½¾DWe1PRRR(o2.1l"@ #.a#¶#.k@(41l&$#·*"X#.M1PR±V3!"@ 1PR3²'V70P
P- E#D!@IQ*/+*69B«>B Y!@lz -!@ 2!¯lz!" B 12!LB«!*"28!6Z6]-L5!"#eu#.17
a, $!!@*"&V0/0/{u@BoE#.#.P">B<!@lz E#.*1"0Z"n4%*"2D!6Z6z%/1lz"#:0t#.*"0!LB+L!"$#aW
0ZA413/0!1( 1"3y#DP"#t#.³A#.181(l&³P"!6B7n>B.>XE#?6WeyVV(oDi}1
2.1(lz"@#.E#*"#. !!6#.+@(1(l</01<4%6=E#D!@#u1+@! -A*"d#.<"$l7/n>z132
aL!"##."k#u1 "(&(*"k#.dEL5&A4%*"2D!6Z6zEL!"$#W § #.$ylz6t#2.1¶#. lz@"13U
!6$1"-i·*" !6lz@5*"&¦A*&N³%"@¬#.;#.*13=%" 6NE#D!ElKe88$l6N³"@ |113iE1PRR3²
;°.#D86**"&E#]6WifVVV(oi´.l&&y##.E#³#.(M>-%"CF@! P!(F9"[#.O!LZ(.#
4! !3#DE#8=15"f!/01(l"#4i#.1l&d#.Bf2D!Z6#D1f9"@5N !a#D<nE#.#.@lz<#.1!6Na!9"2D!66
aL!"#15:#.1!6*(!9"ELz!"#W
!6*(%"@!"(GzveyVVo! !P"#D6=B,!/+9"-@ !"(&(9"f!*"2D%6N6}#D1#DP6u"@!*"B@B:
24!¯l:!" -B*"X;#.=15N!i)1(L#.D*13@ 1PRS3T'UyVV:Wz¦01#.4"@X02.1(l"@*" !!"#.!6"@
"15.#.8"v;#.*15*!i>(l#d&3"*28N $!"#@! 6**"d9" %""$lz!6)!"@Xjl"!U (#D!/n>P!9"2D!6Z6(
D1(0"f*"k#.d!$y#D8"i°41l'#.D"f"@41l#.$0.#D8".#DJ#.=15"74i°*" -d->51l# 1PR3²$:W:}P"@3*"
4%*"(Bµ@Bz³&"!6Z6*B6N( !1"3.#D"#W1(JL5i·"1"!6B7d0( !D8*!@µ1l'#d12
17>6N !"(&$¬*"F,'#.!/0!*"28!6Z6=i¸0N !F/+-B>@u.#.*" E#215/ #.1®42.1l"@ON"
4!415"%6!*"28!6N65#D1#D6NaW
P$¶#.<! -%"$# %"'&*"f,(#.4/+-1"!6!*"28!6N6/0$yl-@>B;1-V
a,(#.!/0k4%*"2D!6Z6*"@N !01(LP·;#.=15*l:*"&@!Z6*B³!*"28!6N6@a#DX1L5#.k*1@ 1PRS3T'U
VV(2.1;11GEBHy#DE#.*1"34i0@5Z.#.=>'l#D!@*"@*2828P!"# 6*Z/+E#D* ¬4&3=15"7 152A;#.*1*(W}
18&"$E#D*15"12#.Xnn#.E#0! a#.*15"#1³!!"##.f@#Dl:4!@³9"#.u#lz@B´!"@
4! E#D*1"#.'!1l'#.6*9"$}#.·/+E#.1@3l:!@inN !+n9/+Z6N#.1n#.17n* !
Q*282Dt#8E#6.W
e.VV(o6*Z$@X#.1k#.
1(l(#.! *2yN v!'Wxw9"!6*69B5i)yl6#nP"@ -15" %6l*1"3d&Lz%"*"
4! E#D*1"32.1lP"@<2.LzD! E#D=L5!69BzW
:W ¨
¨
!*69Bd4%*"2D!6Z6@E#D·2.1 ky#D#.*1"3-L*"&d!6*a#8L!6*Bd&113@+¯lz6*t#yB!"@d6*15"'&d! !1@3°e 1!T
B5!Do|1(L|@(*282D!"$#p 6*Z/+E#D* $1"]152;#.*1N 0PD1L*@3-@O>BO#. ;#.*15*$"
¦+E#.*1"!6
E#D!1D156*1&* !!6
P4LN !(
&!" B®W
©
6=1®4´ Pyl(#.*"(Bp12?#.@a#D d81"#.a#
1"6B?11ny#D#.*15"7L@%*6*BA4%*"28!6N6:@E#D?t#.d6*a#%"?1PV/0a9"'&L5!6=lz$9"¸"(B+&3Lz$"
B5!aW}?*1@X1PRS3Tm+VV(AN}#DPG"+#. !15//013"0*1@<aL9"&A>5y#}@E#D2.1)6*6#.
11.#DJ#.*1"7aW'!/0!*"3*"& (dy#DE#.=15"7@a#D¶04¶l:!@02.15*"2yN6Z6Z*"&+/<a*"&+@E#D9"#.E11
.#DJ#.=15"7)4!6Z- E#D!@7W
³6*1 !E#.*1"|"@G1PVU8@BMyl""*"&µ/0$%"]@%*6*BM!N"28!6Z66*1(#+12#.³6*L!".#DE#.*1"3vP
D1(0" 9" w*&(l 1$WM 11Iy#D#.*1"3 &1(l!@ *"#.1 T $15" !1y481"@*"(&
P1,*/+E#D!6BM#D1]#.L5*1(l:k4%*"2D!6Z6&Z/+(X12A;#.*13=(W $15"!"@ .#DE#.*1"eQDo
*" !6lz@!@Pe8o;#.=15*!" 0*&36N!"@3 @@u >>e
{' $¯}
oi ¨ E>!/08G17i 15"@
e."1u#.Uu0$y#D8"'oi~15/n>16Z ! "@ G!6Z e
!&&~{'$
o He8*oª"15.#.U8!$y# 92Z# n!6*6NB
¨ !@E!"@ +e8*Zo!(y#DP8"ja¹9&e8Lo1(l#.P8"!¦+&!6Z-i7"@+euLo1(l#.U0.#D8"
1"@nja9/+(W
D"A&"!6Niz#.na,u.##.'!<4!1"3*"0;#.*1Z'W3n2y*.#u#.n/0!*"A!*"BX-415"d2413/
jl"¶#.1 P#D/n>Pi#.·! -15"@<Z#.@(8BA4!(1"<2415/ § a#D1>5x#u1 ¨ ! !/n>Py{jP!"lzP4Bi!"@
#.¶#.(4@<#.·/+!6Z64%*"Bd-415"021/w>ylz8B'{ P·#D1 EBzW(B+4?6*1 !!6*69B0G"1("
$)\^9_a`-bdcq?`sP"@dq`!rtsD! E#DL!69B eZ¦ |3 i=1PRRS(oaW:u#°u#.1k>A"1#D!@#.a##.A/A!N"
4%*"(BH-415"µE#¦AP&%6=¬X2.13/
!M#D1
aBP"@]#.]/+!6Z6!9"BH$415"µu217/
§
E#u1>5·#.1
¨
! !!/n>i#. P8*1@´21/ jl"k#.1
(#D/n>P>5!9"&p@(8B*"M1(l(#.P8"!"@
41l'#.U8-y#DD"·;#.*13*'W
7W
;
§¨
2Z#D@(&t#D$*"&d#.0@E#DPi5#.0@!*69BA#.*/+AN21/[- !X.#DJ#.*1"v"@k2.15!- AB!P°
6*1(#Z#D!@³P"@LZyl®!6,5%/+*"E#8=15" !P88N!@1l'##.1³*@!"#D*2uBp!"(B´1>L*1(l:+1(l(#.6*NaW
l:D! E#D!@
1(l(#.6*N@E#D? ! PG!@k2.1}#B'1&N !!681i7"@¸#."v 17 P! G-@¸#u1¸L592BA#.a#
"!9&(>1(l*"(&.#DE#.*1"3!@ylz !X*&3v!*"28!6N6yW7D"8lz <1 !"1f/08¹15!"13/0!6*Bk(
2.1(lz"@7W 15"$#.6B%"@k!""$lz%6:#.*/AdN)n6*1#N#.!@v"@¸#.%¶L!6lz(&!*"X !- G!@k2.1
1(l(#.6*NJW
Za*"&f@!*69B!*"28!6Z6L!6lz0PA2yN6Z6N!@kl:*"(&f -15846*E#D*1"3132@!*69B @E#Dt#D
"!9&(>1(l*"(&.#DE#.*1"3aW:413 !-@l/A!*"69B36*N!@#u1#DJ#.*1"3e
G!6Z-ija¹*&z
P"@M¦+&!6ZPok017p@E#D81!@@Z -15"$#8*"lzt#DN*" 1PRRV{.Rf1 !El:4!@>B#.¬136*t#DN !6
*"7.#DE>Z6Nt#yB+*"·;#.*13*'W
¨ E#D! #.*1"H152 !!"(&(*"H@%*6*B!*"28$6*6d !4! E#D8.#8* (f-¯l74X#.¬#.*/0!UPQNX#u1K>5
13/01&"1(l:e8'W&zWi #DD1"F#6WiM1PRR3²$oaWn*(³-L5#.l:>5!!"[yl>P¹! E#D!@#.1
13/01&"!t#.B #D.#i[l:*"(& #. 0 #D! "¯lz @aL!6*1!@ E# #. ·l"'&*!"
E#D!1(D156=15&* $!6 8LZ -Xe $!"#D*/n-Bi61PRRR(oi"@¬6*N!@´X1"#.!(1"!6!*"28$66
#u1#D6ZJW3#u)>5(!@v15"0#.0 P15"y#.ylz #.*1"v152LP!6@*2y2D!" !A4*()>E#!"A#.< -"@N@E#D
P"@<%*&#D!@A428P" !<4Ni7>(l#@(1"1(#ylz/A#.E##.·6NE#N#D1/015&P"1(l:aW}
@*2y2DZ al76t#.Bd2.1;#.*15*·#D1<2.*"@A!"1(l&0!2.!" -*(9"n#.LN !*"3t#.B¸132x#.· -"@N@E#D
.#DJ#.=15"7JW(!@@t#D*1"!6x.#DE#.*1"7L!Z6N>6N·.#8*6*6:¯lzt#D2.213/#.·.#DE#.*1"3#D1·>5¶#Dy#D!@'i
P"@LM*" !13/n6NE#D4*aW4%2.1!i·#.¬.l6t#f4]/+4%6BH*"@Z -E#8L5(W § "6*B#1
4! El8P"#peyW(Wi 1"3y#DP"#D6=BC2.1(lz"@ª*"aLz!6@(Z2.284%" $ 4*(8oM>4!GC15"$#M0P
N@!"#D*2yN$@i}>51#.f2.1?~*!/·#Di)9" 1PRSRU1PR±VE# 1Dk"@ 1PR±SU1PR±±E#ja¹9&'W Lz!" #.
@Z.#D" !k>zE#!"#.X!2.4%" !N(+"@#.(4#1|u#D#.*1"34it#0Zd.#8*6Z6)lz" !y#DP9"#.E#
#.8N2Z#p"1(#X#ylzH 6*Z/+E#D* &"%6JW 01(EL5i#. 1PR±SU1PR±±[D92Z#´E#ja¹Q*&z
-15*" !N@()0t#.A#. § &!@!"Ai®N !k/0BL0.l76t#D-@k*"Xy#DE#.*1"d!6*1 !E#.*1"7Wja¹*&70
6=13 !a#D!@X8"#.A/08&*"f132)#.k.l/0/APeu~nQ/¸E#.o!*"2.%6N6$dey2.*&:W 1ao4ix#.P2.15dP"5B
4%6=13 !a#.*15"+/0Bv9&"*28N $%"$#.6Bd!2.28- E#:#.*"28!6N67!/015l"$##7#.#.9/+152:#.B!aW
=L5!"#.
2D! E##.a##.APn"1f6t#DD"E#.Lz.#DJ#.=15"7*"d#.+ !1(8D15"@5*"'&X&*1"3ix#.·#01#D#.*1"7
12
1(0"@j¹*&0nG(#*"A#.0"%6Bzi7>(l##.4yl6t#1(>(#DP9"!@v?#u1¸>5?#DG"A0#.
-El#.*1"7W
"n4%*"2D!6Z69"@N !(e82yLz2.157\^*_a`!bdcz"@n2.Lz?2.1:q`!rts:o@2.*"!@·>(-@<1"0@!*69B
4%*"2D!696#D1#D6Z2.136*6*1(0*"&
*282.t#D7E#6W'eyVV(oaW$E>6NE11(L*@6*y#1527#.*"@Z $JW
»!¾N¾:9"@,+ !!6N El76NE#D$#./0,Z/nlz/ !1"34$ El#.L"lz/>zP152@(8B0@Bz! !1@!@
-! !B!P*"\^9_J`!bdcDq?`-rtsi"@·#.½v9"@,dZ/+36B0/+$yl4#.&4!E#D.#T'U8@EB
al7/·lz6NE#D=L5!*"28!6Z6! -%Lz!@n7\^*_a`!bdcq`!rtsf4!1("zW¼J»»z¼9»¼v!"<*"@5N !E#D1
127#.¶#B'Z -%6:$12!"0,'#./0!*"2D%6N67L5%"$# t#Z#.aLP&7127#.*&3y#S0@*69B
4%*"2D!696eDV7WtV3Tu1a01=1aVn@EBz8o*"0!! !nB!Pahuz\·^Z_J`!bdcq?`-rtsf!$1"7W
¼ a»» a»"!#»$%XN !1(l"#12:9&n!*"2D%6N6Lz%"$#8P7\·^*_a`!bdcq`!rsW$R3T&('P !"$#8*6N
P2y*.#@E#D8/0*"!@01"0!! !nB-)PE#D!6B7W
#.4E1a({1aVn@B9"\·^Z_J`!bdcDq`!rtsi
#.R3T &(' !"$#8*6N !18D15"@3#.1#.S &(' *&3.#E*"28!6N6W "dgZ,'#.!/0(h34%*"2D!6Z67
@!2.*"!@n>5!9"&+!¯lz!6(#D101(E>51L5¶#.E1PRS3T'UyVV(</+!!"0R3T&)'4 !!"#D96NJW*¼ a»»
+-,./,P¼01,d/!(yl1K/·lz !01527#.¶#.1#D6!*"0 !1/+(2415/H,(#.4%/ELz!"# $t#Z#.
4151(u#.*1"012$1"!6!*"28!6Z6(#.a# P1/0(2415/#.?&.#,04%*"2D!6Z6!! !A4$1"7W
u1PV<*"@5N !(E#7#. 11u#D#.*1"704.l>P¹- E#D!@·#.10"1"Uy4%/E#.8N
""Uy~!"@!6*63#Dy#z#.1
@a#D! J#p#."@I1(L|#.[*1@ 1PRS3T"2!VV(:W
"EB5He 1PRRV(oH@ >z#.Ol:Y!"@
-15/n(l#Da#.*15"+12x#.#D.#)#D#.u.#.N !i7"@A1"69B+?>Z!2@34 (#D*15"+&Lz!"AP(W(8"n#.
%""U
~!"@%6N6)#Dy#Di)2.10!! !6Z!/+!"#3465187:9";=<8;/?>152#.PQN4i#.X"lz/n>z@4126*1!
!6*!/+!"#A?BC5 ?BCDE 4>n! !!@*"(&+t#et¹GFXo !!6N El76NE#D-@<P"@·#.¶#D##DJ#.Ny#D* (#Z&=Lz!"·>B
H= I IJ
K
D"<#.E>:!" $n12!"(BA#.P"@dey"$l76N6x(B1#.8oi:¼Z$8B/<(#u1#.* $!696*Bv"1/0!6*ix*"@!"@!"#.6*B
2413/#.@y#.8>(l#D*1"02Zl7" E#8=15"0127#.@E#D-i"@
L
MONPRQ
L
Q
L
Q S
S
S
S
T −=
(·y#D"@@n"18/0!6z@5.#.Q>'l#.*15"it#. I"@P½"5¼>n&=L5!">B
−
=
+−=
"$l76N67(B1#. !!"i(#.P!2.15-i>5y¹$ E#D!@n2.1*&·Lz!6tl:$152# 5¼>
n-¯lz%"$#8=%6:2.1/132:#. !""Uy~!"@!6N63#Dy#} !1"3y#12x#.6*Z $E#D*1"+152:#.#Dy#2ya.#
#u1A6*6#.·4Z().#Dy#."'&n0t#D·#.28ay#:#Da8/H!"@+%"@5*"'&t#8#. +ey1&L5%"!69B7oi
P"@´#."´#D1#.17³#Du#."(&¬0#8³#.E 15""@M"@*"&¬0t#.³#.f6Ny##D8/ ey&$Lz
P"!69Bz8oJW5D"<#.E>7!" -n152!"(B+#."@i#.·&PZ $!67P!"$#DE#.*1"d12#.n@! a#/51#"!>d"@
#.·>! G(<@ 51#$#!>XPQN1(>(#D!*"-@¸0#8A#./Aa#.1@&L ElyL5)Z !v1(L6NfLz$6
#.*/+JW}D"#. !v12&"Z28N !!"##."@³eQT 6N-Lz!6&%l'(% b1$WtRS$oi#.k*"#DP! a#8*1"³12#.
alyL!">6N#.1@E#D! #81(,*/+E#D!6=Bt##.*/+k1(213 - El8" !(WX6*1d152)#.k6*9"-
#.4"@3 -%6= El76NE#D-@>B+6N!.#¯lz6**"!2yt##.*"'&d12®#.E,(#.4%/?*"@N !(aW
; (
)"*,+
-/.10"243657098;:09<=0"2?>436.0"36@"2709<A57098B8C.1DE273
15#FHGJIK1LNMA1»!¾Z¾:6*!"(&(#.+ey2413//0*"3N/lz/132 7W<@aB3E# 1(¶#.1+±3W0@B3E# @@
>>5o·4!!"X1(L)#.y#DD"X"@X !"$#.6y#12;#.*1*Ae8E>6N<PoaW70"1u#."
P"@-y#DD"Py#12¶#.v !1(l"#.yBe
G!6N!i}~1/n>z156= %!i
¨ !@E+-i
0$ija¹*&zoLz
6=13"(&@(yBD!6Z6e42415/¬/0*"3*/nl7/132?1PS7WK@JBzE#dj¹*&#u1V7W|@EBXa#
PG%6=o
$8! !N!6Z69B´E##.k>&*""*"&M12?#./0!*"³!*"5Bp$1"7W}Z+0y#.6B³>$ !al:*"#.4
P!4iW(W:6*1"(&k#.A!$y#D8"4 !8/0!"#P"@k*"d#. *2Z# !696NBv&*13"i®#.OFPGQIRK1LNM*"B
4!415".#D#6NE#D!ijl"n>z%*"'&f<!6NE#DL!69B @(8BX/01"#.7W7.#Z%6414!!"#.E##.A6*1"(&z¶#.
FPGJIK1LNM »!¾N¾5#.*&3#.·.#D"@4@<@aLZa#8*1"7W
K/0,Z/nl7/C@(8B8!6Z6@l4E#.*1"X&z!"!6*69B 6*13"(&P !13/nP!@#D1 FPGQIRK1LNM@(yBf8z!6Z6
@l4E#.*1"7W !6NE#.Lz!69Bf1# K E »!¾N¾6*!"'&(#.ve42.1/ </0*"3N/lz/Y12g1PV7Wv@-BzE#ja9/¸
#u1 1!²WRf@EBE#¦+&6*PonZ0!!"1(L#. 41l'#.Uuy#DP8""@³1(l(#.P8"fy#152;#.*1N
eDE>6=?>oaW'"1u#.8"iz !"#.4%6vP"@A-y#DD"<Pu#152:#. 1(l"#..B0L6*15"'&7P)@(yB¸8!6Z6.
e.213/ /0*"Z/nl7/ 12C1PRM@B7¸E#n~1/n>136N !X#.1 f1$W$1f@EBzda#
G!6NoaWZAL5N->6
D1(A¬&3"*28N !!"$#A46*E#D*1"7µe!415"zhuv6**"!v P15.6=E#8=15"i·RR !15"'2yN@!" !³6*L!6*o
t#.X#.1#D6$415"%6!9"2D!6Z6!/01(lz"#ey2.9&:WoaW 1EL5i)2.1nd&tLz!"%/1l"$#Di)¯lt#Dd6ZP8&
@Z 4!" !N!/013"(&d#.dy#DE#.=15"-,.#*" KE E »-¾Z¾6Z!"'&(#.3e8(W&:Wix2.1*"2D%6N67#D1#D6
P1l"@nVV/0/0i ¨ -> P8G1®=1P±7WS0@B!"@ @@5 >> f1$W$1@B78oJW
&3 FHGJI K1LNM %½v4*"2.%6N671(>:yLz-@<*"·.#D8"·;#.=15*e
154E1a</0/0o!"@0"1u#."
;#.=15*de
¨
>!/+8G17u1PV3TX/0/0i
15"@3u1PVf/0/!"@X~13/n>136= %O11 /+/noi04!(
6=1 FPGIKLNM ½X1>z8L5!@A*"d!(y#DP8"+%"@41l#.8"n;#.=15*(W(.#!/08G>6N#.E##.
-y#DD"U8/017y##DE#.*1"3e¨ !@EA!"@vja¹*&o,N!" !A*&3%½/0,Z/nlz/[!*"32D!66
*" K#.P"X*" FPGQIRK1LNMi3#.1l&A#.<6NE#Z#DP¶15"A#.16*E##DaaW */A*6N69B5ix#.1(l&A#.
L5N->6N³Xy#.1"(&6B|4%6NE#D-@p#u1´#.1#DP6!9"2D!6Z6!/015l"#ey2y*&:Woi¶#.¬6*15$v152n#.´6**"$
4&*15"7P·L8Bv@Z2.2D!"#2.15#.·#1-1"3JW7ZL!!6)#.a##.n*&3%/1l"$#
12$FPGQIKLNMA"1#@lz#u1/01d*"#D"dLz!"#>'l#¶#u1/01A2-¯lz%"$#!9"aWB -15"$#.y#Di
Kµ !1"3Z.#012k2.EC0E#8!6*6n! -15@(*"'&¬6*P8&X! t#DE#D*1"³!/01(l"#4i4#D!@>B
6=13"(&f@(8B8!6Z6JW®w1 FPGJIK1LNMNi PG%6=d%"@k~15/n>16Z Pd&!*"6Z*&#D6Bf@!/+ !a#D!ix0t#.
½p*/AZ6N#.1v1#.&6Z!"@y#DE#.=15"ix>(l#8/+!696Nn4!415"%6!*"28!6Z6!/01(lz"#@lz#u1¸#.
4%6=E#8L5@(4B"(}152:jQlz"'W
¼ a»» 0z¼9»-¼F,>t#>z$Z -%6N69B|#.M!/+³7E#N#D8"µ %½ e#Da>6*´K!"@2.9&:WoaW
FPGJIK1LNM»¼J»»z¼9»¼MN·*&f1(L#.<;#.*1ZP"*&6N%"@3!"@k#.<(y#DD"Xy#12
;#.=15*e4/15#.!"j1!²WT0/0/0i50t#Dn#.·*&.#L5%6*lz·a# 1i 7Wt±0/0/no)( !13/!@n#.1
#.³!.#D8"M#152n#.³ P1(l"#.yB]euLP4B*"&213/ 1 7W|/0/ E# ¨ !@E#.1b1!TW¬/0/ E#
((oaW 0& Kk»-¼J» »z¼*»¼N»1(>748L$@<*"·#.·1(l(#.0P"@A1(l#.·y#DD"ny#
12¶;#.*13=(W &!*"i}#.d!6*E#D*1"3*0#8X#.X-15"!6!*"2D%6N6!/01(l7"$#@(*282D·>5E#!!"
#.?#1X!415"e82y&:WoaW8"d&"!6*ix2.1n&=L5!"X!(1"!6!/01(l7"$#Di®»-¼J»n» 0z¼9»-¼N»
-15/nPE#D=L5!69B|*&v*" K#.P"*" FPGJIK1LNMDWw15+*"3y#DP" $!i VV(/</ 4$1"!6#D1#D!6
-15.D15"@3i3>4!@d1"#.n69*"!P)2y#Diz#u1d 1PS7W+/</F»¼a»n» 0z¼9»-¼*"PFHGJIK1LNM 9" Ki
#.·!/0·4$1"!65#D1#DP6 !15D815"@3#.1+¶:W(/0/»¼J»n»0z¼9»-¼W
M&.# FHGJIK1LNM+»¼ a»» a» !#»$% f1(>7P4L5!@E#vja¹*&!i
¨ !@E0p%"@M¦AP&%6
e1(l(#.UD!y#DP8"1( 92Z# n!6Z6NB y#DE#.*1"3DoaW0ufLz!*>6Z115D6=B !186=E#D!@ #u1 /!!"
4!415"%6z!9"2D!6Z6zeyfU8V7W$1 02.15 Ki3U8V7WS02.1?FPGQIRKELNMNi(#.6*E##D15"6B0>!*"&k*&"*28N !"$##
#.R3T C (W6WoaW$u#Z!61A/15@*282.Z lz6t#:#.109"$#D8#7#!"01(#.4i>'l#1" !!"0 !1"3N@#.a#
6=1v2!¯lz!" B]@%"1#DE,(#.4/0³L!"# 1" !!"$#.8E#D-@¬1"|2.E B!aW}$l:v&!
24!¯l:!" -Be8W(Wi) !6*17A#D1³S@EB4i¶*" !¸#.kR3T! -"#D*6Zv !18D15"@3#.1 #.kSX0a#Z#D.#
@Bz8o9"@5N !a#D#.a#3#.E,(#.!/0L5%"$#·4 !E#N#DP@<!6*6! 41®#.B!JW
¼ a»»+,./,P¼01,1+d8a#.Z!6E#Z#DD"3n0N !¬2D!69B³!6Z6436NN !E#Dk#.17f12n/0$!"
4!415"%6!*"28$6*67!/01(l7"$# (@(*P!}e8!.#D8"0!"@d1(l(#.8"A.#DE#.*1"78oL5?*&L5!6=lz$132
»-¼J»n»G+-,./,P¼,fe82.*&:WoJW5#Z"E#l67#u1¸#.*"(Gd#.a##.06*1(0#.A!$1"!6:!9"2D%6N6*i®#.
/15nt#N@!"@!"$#l1"dE,'#./0·4%*"2D!6Z6:Lz!"#JW Kv#.P2.15081(+)*&3)»¼a»0»
+-,./,P¼01,f#."
:D . 8 W ##.A"15#.D"y#DE#.=15"f12 G!6NA"-69B²T 152!! P B5!ah.
Kf!*"2.%6N6Nix1"daLP&!ixZ° !13/0*"&k2415/FSk.#D1(8/de8R3T)P !"$#8*6NoaW ¨ l8*"(& FPGQI K1LNMi#.
*&(y#»-¼J»n» +,./,P¼01,v1(>74yL5!@dE#¦+&!6*ne8Sf1$W 1 XoDi72.156*6*1(0-@¸>B ¨ *!@a+
eT1$W=²³²Wo 34!)#.06*1(0.#)»-¼J»n»G+-,./,P¼,fZ1(>748L!@vE##.A41l'#.A0.#DED"
.#DJ#.=15"712 1"@ ¨ E>!/+8G17e8E>51l'#1v koJW
)"*
0"2".13 :Q2
:DE. 8 . 8 DE.4.&.=.12A8 3
P""Uy~!"@%6*6:!"@A69*"!PP&=15"n#."@·#D#4yl6t#D1(H"1·#."@<*"n#.6*!"(&(#.+132
#. FPGQIRK1LNM 1 »!¾Z¾0Pi7/0!(yl4!@<>B0#. »!¾N¾*"@,5i71L5;#.*1*n1(L#.·P8*1@
1PRS3T'U.VV(ve8a>6*(oaW 1P1L5i7"1X&"*28N !"$##.a"@d*"A#. FPGQI KLNMC%½f4*"32.1(l"@
1(LP#.¶;#.*13=%" 0*&36N!"@3!6t#D1(l&·#.&%"!63#D"@" B+2.15*" !4!@ %½v!*"7aW
B| -15"$#.y#ui·@! -*"(&M#P"@|152n#. FHGJIK1LNM %½HP9"Av2.1l"@*"¬#.³-y#DD"
e.ja¹*&·U1 A/0/n{.@- !!@·W(Wi3VCE@! !!@-i5n#.# 48LE#D*1"3)/+!@>1(L>1(l#x#.
13/01&"!t#.B 152#.A@E#DPo"@1(l(#.8"eZ¦AP&%6NnmS11n/0/{°@! !-@3AW(Wi81PVI@! !!@o
Py#12;#.'*15N(W}<1(l(#.Uuy#DD"k#DJ#.=15"¸152
1(?* !d6*13 -E#D!@<*"0#.?E#Z#D$u#a#
12n;#.=15*³!61a,=>zt#D!@|¬&"Z2DZ -%"$#¸@! !69*"*"3&M#4"@|9"#.~94%/#kT'UD@-Bp!*"28$6Z6
e
1(U 1PR·/0/{u@! !!@W(Wi¤1!T @! !!@PoaW
©
!"(&$*"d#.n»¼ a»"n» 0z¼9»-¼ 5 »$!»z¼Z¾N»HFPGQIRK1LNMZoELd6Z*&3$#.6B@5N2y2D!"#8a#.Z$6
a#Z#D8"v1(Ld;#.*13*'W
&"!6#D"@!" Bµ12d9" !(*"&#"@12da,(#.!/0¬*"$#D"7t#8B
eD%6#.1(l&X"1(#8&"Z28N !!"$#a#T 6*L!6*o0$·2.1(l"@1L5¶#.<;#.=15*!" 0&6N!"@7aW|$"
#.MRR -"#D*6ZMZ !1"3N@!@i·#.¬&(y#@aZ6*B4%*"2D6*6Ni0"*" !*"& #"@12
FPGJIK1LNM»¼J»» z¼*»¼X(2.1l"@d1L5#.:1PVU11Z¦F6*E#Dt#lz@*"!6x>5%"@d152#.?;#.*15*$"
&36N!"@7eu~13/n>16* !!i ¨ >!/+8G178oJW B !1"#.D.#Di) D&"Z2.Z $!"#?@! -*"(&#.4"@N"
FPGJIK1LNM»¼a»n» z¼*»¼f2.1(l"@v9"A#.0!(y#D8"ve.ja¹*&z<U7W 1/0/·{.@! !-@<W(WixVI
@- !!@oi41l'#.8"eZ¦+&!6*m:W´/0/n{@- !!@XW(Wi61PS @! !!@o"@¬41l'#.y#DD"
e
1(U zW=²p/0/·{.@! !!@W(Wi^1 Pv@! !!@ovay#d12<;#.*13=!in !1*" !N@%"$#A0#.]#.
@- !*"&n#."@n9" FHGIRK1LNM %½¸*"7euw&(l4 (oaW
FPGJIK1Lv¼»¼ a»»A a»"!#»$ ;/0!(yl*"(&v#.HFPGQIRK1LNM2-¯l:!" B132°@%*6*Bv!9"2D!6Z6-,z -!!@9"&
#.X1PRS3T!mVV(X/!!"XR3TP !!"#D*6Z-i81(+d&3"N2yN $!"#@- 6*9"A*"!(y#DD"Xeyja¹9&nmzV7WS
@Bzy{.@- !!@dW(Wi@11 «@! -!@oiD1(l(#.P8"feZ¦+&!6*<mV7WSX@EB7{@! !!@0W(Wi@1a«
@- !!@oP"@k1(l#.<.#D8"de 1(?mzV7WSA@EBzy{u@! !!@nW(Wi®± @! !!@Po};#.*1*(Wv}
P !"$#D&152NFPGIKLNMk#.1#D6d4%*"2D!6Z6X21/ -L5!"#³&-E#D#."F1!¯lz!6A#.1#.R3T
P !"$#8*6N!i1FHGJIK1LNMz»¼J»» +,./,P¼01,;81+"1n#D"@01(L;#.=15*(W
$³ylz6t#1(l6*@> !13/nP!@]#u1"µ"!6*B7y12<#u1#D6 FPGJI K1LNM0*"28!6*6nLNE#D*1"7
e !6*$%"@!"(G!iVVoJW5w1#.d!/00*13@e1PRS3T'UyVV(o4ix"1A#."@2.1(l"@1L5
/1®.#12x;#.*13=!i7E,z !P(#2.1#.!y#DP8"ix41l'#.D"AP"@41l#.Uuy#DD".#DJ#.=15"i7@86ZB*"&
*/AZ6N@! !6*9"µ³2.1 %½xi<»¼ a»» 0z¼9»-¼C"@»¼ a»» J»"!#»$%W·w&(l4
-15"2./d<#.E#+9"$#D""$lz!6!9"2D!6Z6L*a#8*1"7¸@lQ*"'&]~!/·#<´.#.1"(&6B| -1584%6=E#D!@#.1
#.1®4n12)E,'#.!/00L!"#JW70 !1yP6Za#.*15"7)>5E#!!"A#.1#D6!415"!6!*"28!6N6LNE#.*1"7!"@
-! !f152)#.<LN>6Z(Pd !1/n(l#D!@X2.15!6*6#.O11vy#D#.*1"3i!"@f@uD36NB-@$?>51,5Uy6*1#JW
¨ 8BMD%6N66N!"(&(#.+X&"P!6Z69B"1#+8&3"N2yN $!"#D6=Bp -15.!6*E#D!@#u1#.1#D6!*"2D%6N6#.4%/¸
P36*N(#.1+E,(# /+?24!¯lz!" B+!"@0E,'#.!/011u#.N1"7W
)"*
0"2".13 :Q2 K
. 8 D . 4.&.=.12A8 3
Kv!9"Ln&"Z28N !!"#! -15"15/0N ?N/015#D" -?2D157#. !1l"$#.yBn>5! !El¶#.ngZ6*13"'&A B5 %6
e
Pm
§
E#D1(>8o&kBN%6N@:h 17·.lz X$n18&($l7/C!"@ /+!$AP<6N%"$#D!@k*"
!7W
§
"+ELzP&#. D157 P15"y#.t#l#DE>51l'#T'VY12x#."a#.*15"!6: !-%61@lz E#.*1"i3D1(L*@!@
#.E#!@-¯lzE#D FPGQIK LNM!9")yl>7-¯lz%"$#86B02D!6Z6W
!""UD~!"@%6N6!"@6**"$·4&*13"X#."@ #D!y#4yl6t#01 v@! -*"(&#.4"@N"
K 1 »!¾Z¾1L50!$y#D8" *2Z# %6*6N%Bpy#DE#.=15"0e8E#
i »-¾Z¾@- %6**"!@>B³:W²
@Bzy{.@- !!@·W(Wi"1aYa@! !!@ 5J# ¨ !@E<TW0@B7.{.@! -!@·W(Wi3Ya)@- !!@oWD"
&P"!67#. KE%½f4%*"1("1<#."@d1L5;#.*1*n, !P(#E# 1?t#.d@! !69*"z
12E1 f/0/ª{@! !!@ve8W(Wig1a @! !!@oW K¬»-¼J»n» z¼*»¼|@! !6Z*"!@*"X#.
41l'#.D"AeN¦A&!6Nm 7W²/</{@! !!@W(Wi"1!T C@- !!@o"@d1(l(#.ny#DD"Ae
15¶m:W±
/+/n{.@! !-@W(Wi@1PS«@- !!@o#152);#.*13N(WG KpE,'#.!/0*"$#D%"t#.Bi K
»-¼J»n»3 a»"!#»$%H¸@! !6Z*"!@M*"41l#.8"p%"@1(l(#.U0.#D8"³;#.*13*eZ¦+&!6Z!"@
1¸>51#.¬D1(0*"(&X@! P!4X1521"@-B@! !!@!iW(WE>1(l(#V XoW K|»¼ a»»
+-,./,P¼01,@$ !69*"$@X*"#.+!y#DP8" Z2Z# !6Z6NB.#DE#.*1"7e¨ !@a+m 7WRI{@! -!@
W(WiS Y@- !!@ "@ 0(·m:WR[{u@! !!@W(Wi±[@! !!@PoaW
§ "¬#.n156N!i¶#.d"1Ml"*2.15/ E#N#D8"p152+!#.d*" P!!@|1(¸@! !$!@|E,'#./+
4%*"2D!696®-L5!"#1L5;#.*15*·*" KW § "6*B 1·a"@¦AP&%6Nn1( !1"3y#D"$#@! P!*"&
#.4"@3*"X,(#.4/+E#aL!"#JW *2Z# %6*6NB.#DE#.*1"7¶#DP"@A#.1k̯#Da@.Bf8!6Z6ixZ6
#.n811u#.=15"v12)a,(#./+·E#EL!"$#u@- !*"&:W}Z*"@5N $E#.Lz0152)/15·J#uix6*1(
*"$#D%"t#.B!9"2D6*6@-Bzi·4 !E##D-@¬! P817#.!(415"zWy#Z+ !1"28/+!@´>B³#.*&"Z28N !!"$#
*" 4!(9"'&#.P"@*" KM!*"5B@3B72.1l"@2.15#.X!/+Xy#DE#.*1"3*" !6Z$!"@ !"(Gz
e.VVoaW
1#D6 K4%*"2D!6Z6·L5Za#8*1"3My#.D15"'&36Bµ !18!6NE#D!@³#.1 ½"@M»¼ a»» z¼*»¼
e.2y*&(lo 5#.<!/+n2.!E#l02.1l"@d@l9"& FPGJI K1LNMNi5#.1(l& K !1(86=E#8=15"#D"@<#D1
>5O*&aWX8" !@@(t#D*1"i #.4!1"!6!/01(l7"$#P#.D15"'&6=B !186NE#D-@ #u1ª»¼ a»»
J»"!#»$%´"@/+,./,P¼01,W:&-E#D·4"3#8Lt#.B12 KM4!415"%6!*"32D!6Z6!/01(l"##.1
L5NE#8=15"*"A#.n"$l7/n>z!"@k*"$#D"3t#.Bv12}#.E#N#..#EL5"#(%6!!@(Bd>z!!"Xyl&&.#D!@
*"d- E#8=15":W$1$W
T
©§
¦ ©
¸
§ ¦
.#)Z2.1l"@#.E#»¼ a»» 0z¼9»-¼9" FPGQIRK1LNMey/0!*"f*"(B4!415"'o#1X@(y#D*" E##P"@7
1(LP;#.*15**"·#.*1@C1PRS3T'UyVV(
e8o
0!PG¬*" -*"&#."@³1(LP·#.Ú1PVU 11 ¦01(y#.>5"@³132#.;#.*15*!" &36N!"@:
en%" RR p !!"$#.96N| !1"3N@4!@(oif"@["1O#P"@Y1(L³#.4/+%*"*"&[;#.*15*$"
&36N!"@7i0117-@#.1;.#DED69*"&pE#6W)e.VVV(oahu+2.9"@*"(&:n#.E#E,'#/+f9"$#D"3#yBp
@- !*"&¸1L5}#.;#.=15*!"0*&36N!"@7aW@5 P" Bd/+B¸ !13/0213/#.·2D! E#:#.a#
¯lzt#D³@(*2.284%"$#+8*1@3vl:4!@M*"¬#.X#1 #lz@(NaW);$u#DP86*9"&µE#¸6W"!69B74!@¬#."@3
>5E#!!" 1PR3T1"@ 1PR3²'±iZ !K !13*" !N@(f2.%*69B!6*6t#8|#.¬PQ=13@12v@! -!@
4%*"2D!696$ 41®¶#.ylz@!"13UQ4!6NZ!"k>5!6t#Di}*" %6lz@*"& ;#.=15*(W:0(!"#.#lz@Bfy#D.#N"
1PRS3T'i#.$l:E,5 %6lz@*"&A/·l® !01527#.¶0E#z~n4%/#4!(15"12®#.E1PR3T'V3"@B1PRSV3JW
e8*o @! !(*"&n#."@<*"·#. FPGIRK1LNM7»¼ a»»z¼*»¼v1(0L50$2.1(lz"@<*"·#.$y#DD"i
41l'#.D"H%"@ Py#152f1(l#.U0.#D8";#.*1*| !15*" !N@!"#v0t#.H|@! -*"& #.P"@N"
FPGJIK1LNM ½d*"7P"@ FPGIK1LNM#.1#D64%*"2D!6Z6W
0y#lz@B¸!6u414EL!!6N!@<#.E##.·Z"1d! !P"##.4"@A*"<#.n6*!"(&(#.d12AFPGQIRK1LNM »!¾N¾N"
;#.=15*(W'} !!"$#D&152"FPGQI KLNM3#.1#D64%*"2D!6Z62y1/H-L5!"#&-E#Dx#."01!¯lz6(#D1·#.
R3T4 !!"#.*6N!i FPGJIK1LNM7»-¼J»n» +-,./,P¼01,;1(A!610"1·#4"@01(L;#.'*15N(W
© 1/n-@#D1HFPGQIRK1LNMNi K 1"#D*"7/lz !+/0154·@(yB¸@B74ixP74E#.*"(&d28E¯lzt#D·*"$#D%"
E#EL5"# #.!2.154!$1"!6!9"2D!6Z6!/01(l7"$#dy#.D15"'&36B@P%"@³15"L5NE#8=15"09"#.
24!¯l:!" -B !"@X*"#D!"3#yB 132#.E#D%6*6aW © !"&*" K´ %! a#DZy#D* (PA*&36ZB
6=13 !!6N%!@7W 17y#12#.d;#.'*15N!" 0&6N!"@7n!/0!*"¬24!X132"(B#."@7W;"(!" !!@ K
½L·>-%"¸1>z.Lz!@d1L5#.n!$y#D8" 92Z# 6N6ZBy#DE#.*1"3°152 (d"@ ¨ -@-(W
D"X&"P!6#. K %½p*"@,³D1(A"1k#."@1L5;#.(*1*d, !(#2.1A@! P!*"&
#.4"@³# 154W K»¼a»n» 0z¼9»-¼ ;1(0EL5n@! !6Z*"!@³*"#.f1(l#.8"!"@
41l'#.·y#DD"·;#.*13*¶¶#. FPGQIKLNM7»¼ a»»z¼*»¼v(!61+@! 6**"$@7W
¦+1#D<#.a# !El'#.*1"´1lz6*@>5XE,zy#D-@*"X#.d&%"!69E#.=15"132#.d.l76t#JW
zy#2413/
4.LE#D*1"7Xa>1(l#v@#D´15/01&"%#yBK2.15´2DE .#DJ#.*1"7e8D! !Z!6N69Bµja¹9&Poi?#.Zu
-15"!¯lz!" -n132#.0/0!6Z6:"lz/n>z12)y#DE#.*1"3°L!Z6E>6Nn !13/nP!@<#.1<#.·l&0'n152#.
P!¶l"@P*"(L(.#.&7a#.*15"zW
á
.6.
!"$#%'&!(!)%+*-,/.!&0'&!)1-.3254'6487--#% 9:;)%<-=# 4>#(?:@A&0B-=)9:C1ED8'&!)% FG46&4>)H6)%")%I:CJ>%
K 4L!<-J4>.$M3I-4L J>AN
.!.¡U.
á
.
K
á
0(0 $
f= ¬g !$×(v0)$(// 0v
'")&$0%
0
! "$#%! '&("$)$* '&+,'*(-%! '&+*/.10+2)431&("$*+$*56879
â
'
2;:
<
K Ë $
=>?A@
á
'h s$(/ 0h/$
@
/0EË(E# $%
,+!*"/ʱ&($/0
! "$#%! '&("$)$* '&+,'*(-%! '&+*/.B0C+2)431&("$*+$*56D7E9
â(F G
2
F(H
á @
$ I
:Ë
?K0 J
0)*)*
J
:S #8
0
0 áK
ML
N
/?
PO!$0AQ,'/0!U0')) $$ %
¢vâ
0=+4)R31&"R#S0GT& U5P#WVXXY1ZP"RT#K[\U)4# "R).U)$\W]&([^)4[!_0=* '"4%^)4]-"4)$*(
*/.a`b*(%<cd)4 5ef%^*-<ghb"2*i"4T'#Dj'T)R%kWlW[<[^#[![!3W# '"mn#gG*(%"o*.N"RT#KAp00rqts
0 0 Jf
S( iL
Á$(
J
0(
'+
1O J
Su
v(
w
J 0!$0
áK
.Uyx á
'%
@
& fI +
O
((z{
F
. &$(( f.+!
J $0$%¬bOLSU
&
n
v
.> % @ Q,fO
d
@
$++$
@
/×
/$»(#/$%f (%¬Ê,+ *
^|-(+$+4_!lW31_}#"R_~*\((9?
H
z/(
~$ O #
o
:S(
z &/O? f ± 0f
s
0v
(
v; WPO,$0'
=?(
@
,+0$ U % # $%Á $(/S$0) 0')-/f$ Ç $
0+$)R31&("$#
mn#[^#&%^\T
9
â
:
z/G<
f$()¢)*/!
A J
/
/
:
$U(8# $%S'(8$()*'('$0 ¯U
0 O')* S
$(/0'!&("0/
0 bO~()&/
á
0'+$ f¡0
A '"4#%< '&"R)$*( &+,*-%! &+*$.w0+$)R31&("$*+2*56D7
â(F
H 2 F '
s
0v+
/0
N(/(
$»(# $%&'()*'(( »)$0¡bS w ××S )*0
&& U
z^
F
< "2#%! &("$)2* &+,*(-(%! &+*/.10+$)431&("2*+$*56N7>
::
z
/ ± (%
;LÇ'%%0'0¬
;
: ¢& $f0)US#/$%,+ *â 0
z
&%M $80') +
'("$(/ 0'
!,*-(%! &+*/.W"T'#G}#"$#*(%*+$*5)$\&(+~*\)$#"6i*/.,'&<go&( N9
â : H 2
$
n
!
'(
F
$¡0') $//0'%¬0 )*$("( ( "/KI
^|-(+$+4#U"4)R N*$.W"4T#l31#%)R\&( }#"$#*(%*+$*5)$\&(+~*\)$#"68(
â : 2
?
v
.>PO~ 4v
J
f á
0
?
%0&-)*4 2 0v( (Êg( %#/$%
/!$'00% (%¬/ %"',â$,+
< '"$#%< '&"2)4*( &+(,*-%! '&(+P*$.N0=+R)431&"$*(+$*569U
â
HH
2
'
F
iK'
@3
@
!$0
@
'()*'/+'*
@
(s/
)*$ 8( &(= ',
(z(
,'*-(%! &+*$.w0+$)431&("2#
9U(7
â FH
z
0%
J S (
z
Ë¢WO
s
0v56n
s
¯*
1J
0
á
%
@
,
.C
á
0/ %
WP~ Af ' 1G¢
P$$0
@ s
/
)* SOG
(
ás
Ë/$ &$
&$$ 0
O~
á
O~
J
O~4 %%
J
(n
&
$
$ Sn @
S{
LS /G
$K(=#/$%S $()*'/%*$ $"(
0 ¢ $("/
0 iO~()&/â
(Gz
F
!< '"4#%< '&"R)$*( &(+U,*-%! &(+'*.10=+R)431&"$*(+$*5687E9(z/
F
$0
J
8O!n 6/%%'v Q,$/% f
s
&* 0 J
^
á
f=# $%S& )&
,+!*
0/ )*$
(0=+$)R3W&"4#10T&( 5#
9 â
2
'
H
^
á
/% $0 % $$0$Á0)-.¡/0'
o}~^l}#"R#*(%^*+$*5)$\&+mn#[!#&(%^\T1m#go*%^"
~'#%^)$#[N9
0 E
@ @
d :
H
@
0$
J
s
%
J
0wO >K&(
o$
@
$+ /$"(6 ' s( (Ë0)WIÇ
( 0%j $( 0
<! "R#%! '&("$)$*( &(+,'*-(%! &(+*/.10=+R)431&"2*(+$*56D7
â : H 2;:
O~,$0
¡á
.¡±* 3f
&
n-Á$0$%iO
0
O~%%
0$0v
{;0%Mn
f 1
(
s
0En
0%+(&
s
Ë& $
(%$,
J
f0* E.
J
s
'!,$
z
wA #,¯$0
s J
0 O wO!v.
^(
F(
s
0%¬ /E'!Qy&%*0') R
/%¬Ê/â ,+
! "$#%< '&("$)$*( &+,*-%! &+*.0C+R)431&"4*+$*56 9
â
'
:
z
H
O~4%%
1J
(
0
"n
s
¯
/0
$ SnO~
á
0
J
á
(O (%^# $%s0+g/ !¢/& j$/0X
¡'/X( &(C/
2 /$
0C+R)431&"4#B0T&( 5#
7 â F : 2
$PL
¡vWI '
»K¡U&()*' ~ &Á/¬.¡ 0'
A "R#%! '&"R)$*( &+(,*-%! &+
*/.w0+$)431&("2*+$*5U6i7
!â H :
z
F :
(0
v
'/0%
R & '~+$(/ 0!f0')K$()*'/-0+
/Ê8/
)*$
$â 0%$$0'
@
$ ÇS$0 ',
<! "$#%! '&("$)$*( &(+,'*-(%! &(+*/.10=+R)431&"2*(+$*56 9U
F
z(
,,"
o^
6 v¢ / ' $0)$$ 0')S0
@
¯+ 0
C`=} j#U\T )$\&+ 1*("$# S=9
f,+
8n
s
',$
1J^
F(
$Á(¬0''*'()* $ + @$=,+* %
@
,f0')=!f
&&
!< '"4#%< '&"4)$*( '&(+,*-%! '&(+E*$.0C+2)431&("$*+4*56h9
â
(G
2
<E
%$¯
fB!
+ × !$=0)
$ W)*0
s
0 %0
0
s
O!$0' @0')/
'0
%()*0
s
0%0
/0':0')
&)&
á
%0 0 'SUC= '&{
s
1`=}j
(
H z/
&(/
003
F(
á
f& )& *'$&/f(80 &
$(
< '"4#%< '&"4)$*( '&(+,*-%! &(+
*/.w0+$)431&("2*+$*5U69Uo?z
H
$
@ .
^
F( %¬0 & &/¬%0&$ $$$ %= ~â(% / 0!Á)*0Ê$()*'/$ '
Ç /%Ê
d0C+R)431&"4#B0T&( 5#W(
â
H 2
@
/K
($% # $%&)*( '/Ê #b *-$"$ $
˱$%¬ ¢#S%
%'# %S %;(%
@
0')Ê0!$ +!!B Çv& )&
,»/
%%
A
b%26[2gG#+$+
Ê$ '&~0! +
8
& )& 0''
%%
k&!6
:
+$' :!$×(M0') +!*s$g/?0s( '0C
!
$/ U
/Ç (#b '&~,+ !
"# $% &
%%
('*)("4%^#31#! "$# [!)$"6
)*$(80)U '/8$'()* #/
2
%
!
$/
A
'+)"4%#3W#
,
%^#--# \/6
O~$ 0')
0'/'$()*' )*$0%;,+*$Á/
0¡0
!
$/
.
'+)"4%#3W#
gG%*!g*(%^"$)$*(