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UN MAUVAIS AUDITEUR : DEPENDANT ET/OU INCOMPETENT ? ETUDE EXPLORATOIRE DES MOTIFS DE CONDAMNATION DES COMMISSAIRES AUX COMPTES EN FRANCE

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HAL Id: halshs-00152356

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00152356

Preprint submitted on 6 Jun 2007

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UN MAUVAIS AUDITEUR : DEPENDANT ET/OU INCOMPETENT ? ETUDE EXPLORATOIRE DES

MOTIFS DE CONDAMNATION DES

COMMISSAIRES AUX COMPTES EN FRANCE

Géraldine Hottegindre, Cédric Lesage

To cite this version:

Géraldine Hottegindre, Cédric Lesage. UN MAUVAIS AUDITEUR : DEPENDANT ET/OU IN- COMPETENT ? ETUDE EXPLORATOIRE DES MOTIFS DE CONDAMNATION DES COMMIS- SAIRES AUX COMPTES EN FRANCE. 2007. �halshs-00152356�

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